https://wiki.hoggitworld.com/api.php?action=feedcontributions&user=Sirius&feedformat=atomDCS World Wiki - Hoggitworld.com - User contributions [en]2024-03-29T13:03:58ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.30.0https://wiki.hoggitworld.com/index.php?title=F-14A/B&diff=10756F-14A/B2019-11-27T18:48:51Z<p>Sirius: </p>
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<div class="alert alert-info" role="alert"><br />
'''NOTE:''' This guide is currently under a work-in-progress (WIP) state. If you have any information pertaining to the topics or feedback, please relay them over to Jak on Discord, or in the Hoggit Discord #wiki-discussion channel. Sirius#0002 no longer participates in the development of this page. Thanks!<br />
<br />
This page is focused on the DCS World F-14A/B Tomcat module, which is still in Early Access. Some information may be missing.<br />
</div><br />
<br />
The Grumman '''F-14A/B''' Tomcat is a two-seat, twin-engine supersonic variable wing-sweep fighter aircraft. The F-14 was the first US fighter jet with twin tails and was the largest & heaviest US fighter to ever fly from an aircraft carrier. The reason that the F-14 was so incredibly large and heavy was that it carried the large AWG-9 radar and accompanying AIM-54 Phoenix (air-to-air) missiles: this very capable combination allowed the F-14 to make shots of up to 200 nautical miles at the bad guys. Also, being big means you can carry a lot of fuel!<br />
<br />
Of course, the practical range of the AWG-9 is rather more limited, especially if you are shooting at more maneuverable fighter-sized targets, but even at these closer ranges, the AIM-54 Phoenix is still a capable missile that should not be underestimated. The F-14 is also capable of carrying an array of air-to-ground weapons, such as dumb bombs in both high and low drag forms, air-to-ground Zuni rockets and even laser-guided bombs, which can be self-designated using the LANTIRN targeting pod on the F-14.<br />
<br />
Most people will recognize and adore the F-14 because of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Top_Gun its stardom presence in that one weird volleyball movie from the '80s ]. Its on-screen presence in movies will make the F-14 to appear docile and easy to fly, but due to lack of a fly-by-wire the F-14 can be a real handful: it being a pilot's aircraft however makes it fun to fly and learn. The analogous nature of the F-14 (comparable to the F-5E II Tigershark) will give you a good knowledge of the airplane over time but requires a bit of a different mindset that the computerized flight of the F/A-18C and the F-15.<br />
<br />
__TOC__<br />
<br />
=Weapons List=<br />
----<br />
==Implemented==<br />
Partially or fully implemented weapons of the F14/A/B Tomcat:<br />
* M61 Vulcan Six-Barreled Gatling Gun<br />
* AIM-7M/F Sparrow<br />
* CAP/AIM-9M Sidewinder<br />
* AIM-54A Phoenix Mk. 60<br />
* AIM-54C Phoenix Mk. 47<br />
* Mk-81, 82, 83, and 84 <br />
* GBU-10, 12, 16, and 24 <br />
* MK-20 Rockeye<br />
* Zuni Rockets<br />
* BDU-33 Practice Bombs<br />
* ADM-141 TALD<br />
* LUU-2 Parachute Flare<br />
* Smokewinder<br />
* LANTIRN Pod<br />
* FPU-1 Fuel Tank<br />
<br />
==Planned==<br />
Weapons not yet implemented into the Tomcat:<br />
* TARPS Pod<br />
<br />
=Hands On Throttle And Stick (HOTAS)=<br />
----<br />
==Throttle==<br />
[[File:throttle.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The throttle of the F-14 Tomcat consists of 2 quadrants, both for the left and right engines. There is an afterburner detent along with a cutoff detent for maximum throttle and shutdown of the engine for each quadrant.<br />
<br />
The throttle has the following controls:<br />
# '''Speed Brake Switch:''' 2-position switch. "EXT" is a momentary and needed input position that extends the speed brake outward depending on the aircraft speed.<br />
# '''Wing Sweep Switch:''' 4-way hat switch. "AUTO" sets the wing to sweep automatically determined by an onboard computer, "BOMB" sets the wing to sweep in an angled position between fully extended and retracted and dependent on speed for the air-to-ground bombing.<br />
# '''PLM Button:''' multifunction button. When the steering command is in A2A mode, this acts as a pilot lock-on tool for the AWG-9 radar. But when used for landing and/or in the LDG steering command mode, this allows for disengagement of the ACLS.<br />
# '''CAGE/SEAM Button:''' multifunction button. When the steering command is in A2A mode, this allows for CAGE/SEAM lock-on of the AIM-9 Sidewinder. But when used for landing and/or in the LDG steering command mode, this allows for disengagement of the APC.<br />
# '''Exterior Light Switch:''' 2-position switch. Used to toggle the exterior lights of the aircraft.<br />
# '''ICS PTT Switch:''' 2-position switch. Acts as a push-to-talk system for the ICS system inside of the aircraft used between the Pilot and RIO. (or JESTER AI)<br />
<br />
==Control Stick==<br />
[[File:stick.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The control stick is located in the center of the cockpit, mounted onto the floor. Left and right movements of the control stick direct hydraulic movement to the spoilers and horizontal stabilizers of the aircraft. Forward and backward movement result to respectively the same but to the horizontal stabilizers.<br />
<br />
The control stick has the following controls:<br />
# '''Bomb Release Button:''' single-purpose button for free fall weapons (bombs). When pressed in A2G steering command mode, all pylons selected with bombs will release respective of the ripple settings, type, and interval.<br />
# '''Trim Hat:''' 4-way hat switch. Upward movement moves the aircraft downward, and downward movement moves the aircraft upward. Both left and right movements follow to their directions according to their name.<br />
# '''Weapon Select Hat:''' 4-way hat switch. Bottom selection is OFF, and a ridge requires a momentary push action to move in/out of to GUN. Following all to the top are SW, then SP/PH which requires a momentary push action to switch between.<br />
# '''DLC & Maneuver Flap Command Wheel:''' scrollable dial. Moving it with the landing gears fully deployed acts as a variable control for spoiler extension. With the landing gears up, the dial also acts the same but for flaps and slats.<br />
# '''DLC Engage/Disengage & CMS Dispense Button:''' multifunction button. When pressed with the landing gears fully deployed, this controls the engagement and disengagement of the DLC system. But with the landing gears fully retracted, this allows for pilot control of the CMS system.<br />
# '''Autopilot Reference & NWS Button:''' multifunction button. When the aircraft is up in the air, this controls specific autopilot settings. But when the aircraft is on the ground, this controls the activation of the nosewheel steering system.<br />
# '''Autopilot Emergency Disengage Paddle:''' multifunction button. Disengages all autopilot modes and DLC and releases all autopilot switches and roll and pitch SAS switches to OFF position.<br />
# '''Weapon Firing Trigger:''' two-stage trigger switch for forward firing weapons (rockets, missiles, guns). The first detent enables CTVS and gun camera. Second detent releases selected forwards firing the weapon.<br />
<br />
=Flight Controls & Landing Gear=<br />
----<br />
==Flight Controls==<br />
[[File:Wheels-flaps.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The F-14B has a large hydraulic system which covers for all of the control surfaces of the aircraft. Without the hydraulic system, or taking damage the controls are in risk of improperly working. The F-14 Tomcat was the last of its generation to have no integration of an FBW or FCS system, which was introduced with the F-15 Eagle.<br />
<br />
The F-14's primary flight controls are:<br />
* '''Left Spoilers (LES):''' A set of spoilers that lie within the left wing of the aircraft that help with aileron movement and control that react opposite of the intended direction.<br />
* '''Right Spoilers (RES):''' A set of spoilers that lie within the right wing of the aircraft that help with aileron movement and control that react opposite of the intended direction.<br />
* '''Tailerons (TAIL):''' Two horizontal stabilizers located on the rear end of the aircraft that control both pitch and aileron movement.<br />
* '''Leading Edge Flaps (LEF):''' Normal slats located on the leading (front) edge of the wings to add lift.<br />
* '''Trailing Edge Flaps (TEF):''' Normal flaps located on the trailing (back) edge of the wings to add lift.<br />
<br />
<br />
The control stick controls the stabilators, ailerons, and rudder and the rudder pedals control the rudder.<br />
<br />
===Flaps System===<br />
The aircraft's flap system provides more lift (and as a byproduct, drag). The flaps lever has two positions:<br />
* '''NONE:''' This applies no flap whatsoever to the wings of the aircraft.<br />
* '''FULL:''' This applies full movement of flaps to the wings of the aircraft.<br />
<br />
<br />
The flaps lever allows for variable movement, which gives the pilot the ability to control the amount of flap they wish for.<br />
<br />
===Speed Brake===<br />
The speed brake is 2 flaps located on the end of the aircraft designed to provide drag to decelerate faster. It is activated via the speed brake switch on the throttle. The two positions are:<br />
* '''EXT:''' When the switch is moved aft, this extends the speed brake of the aircraft out depending on the airspeed.<br />
* '''RET:''' When the switch is moved forward, this retracts the speed brake.<br />
<br />
===Trim===<br />
The tailerons are capable of being trimmed to make roll and pitch corrections. This is accomplished with the trim hat on the controls stick. When the autopilot system is engaged, the onboard computer will attempt to make active trim movements in order to keep the aircraft within the specified attitude when set, along of the setting parameters. As speed is either gained or lost, the trim will actively move the stick as well along of the tailerons to adapt.<br />
<br />
===Wing Sweep===<br />
The wings of the aircraft are a variable-sweep design allowing for automatic or manual movements from pilot input on the right throttle quadrant. Similar to wing fold, the wings are able to be overswept from its maximum position through a master reset of the system in order to allow tighter space and closer parking on the carrier deck.<br />
<br />
==Landing Gear==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat has 3 retractable landing gears: the nose gear, the left gear, and the right gear. The gear is moved via the gear lever on the left side of the cockpit. In the up position, the gear will retract. In the down position, the gear will extend. The gear lever cannot be put up with weight on wheels. The gear will not retract with the launch bar extended.<br />
<br />
===Nosewheel Steering===<br />
The nose gear features nosewheel steering (NWS) controlled by the rudder pedals. With the weight off of the wheels, it is disengaged. It automatically engages upon there being the weight on wheels. NWS is disengaged manually via the button on the stick.<br />
<br />
===Launch Bar===<br />
On the front nosegear is a launch bar that attaches the airplane to a catapult from launches from an aircraft carrier. Its deployment is pilot-controlled, but it is connected to the catapult by the ground crew (DCS default binding is U).<br />
<br />
It is controlled via the launch bar switch on the left upper console. When the switch in the RETRACT position, the launch bar will retract, but physically cannot do so when connected to the catapult. The switch will move to the RETRACT position automatically when there is a weight off wheels. In the EXTEND position, the launch bar will extend if there is the weight on wheels.<br />
<br />
=Autopilot and Autothrottle=<br />
----<br />
The F-14 Tomcat has the ability to automate certain types of flight via its Automatic Flight Control System (AFCS) and Automatic Throttle Control (ATC). The AFCS, or simply the autopilot, control the flight surfaces and the ATC controls the throttles.<br />
<br />
==AFCS==<br />
[[File:afcs.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The Automatic Flight Control System (AFCS), or just the "autopilot", controls the aircraft's flight controls to automate maneuvering. It is interfaced on the autopilot panel via the A/P engage switch. On the autopilot panel, there are 7 modes able to be toggled:<br />
# '''Pitch Stabilizer Augmentation:''' 2-position switch. This switch controls the ability for the pitch to be augmented for dampening.<br />
# '''Roll Stabilizer Augmentation:''' 2-position switch. This switch controls the ability for the roll to be augmented for dampening.<br />
# '''Yaw Stabilizer Augmentation:''' 2-position switch. This switch controls the ability for the yaw to be augmented for dampening.<br />
# '''VEC/PCD/ACL Switch:''' 3-position switch. This switch controls the remote control modes of autopilot with the steering bars and ACLS.<br />
# '''ALT Switch:''' 2-position switch.' This switch controls the ability to maintain the current altitude when autopilot is engaged.<br />
# '''HDG/GT Switch:''' 3-position switch. This switch controls the ability to maintain the current heading when autopilot is engaged.<br />
# '''ENGAGE Switch:''' 2-position switch. This switch engages and disengages the autopilot.<br />
<br />
==ATC==<br />
The automatic throttle control (ATC), or just "autothrottle", controls the physical throttles and thereby automated thrust control. ATC is toggled via ATC engage/disengage switch next to the throttle. When the ATC is engaged, the physical means of the throttle quadrants will begin to move on their own. However, whenever the pilot makes any new movement to the throttle whatsoever, the ATC will disengage to allow pilot control over both of the engines. The ATC is primarily used for landing on a carrier along with the ACLS system. ATC will disengage upon front wheel contact on a hard surface, such as an aircraft carrier deck or runway.<br />
<br />
=Digital Systems Overview=<br />
----<br />
[[File:displays.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
==Pilot==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat comes with 2 digital display screens in the Pilot cockpit:<br />
* '''Vertical Display Indicator (VDI):''' a multifunction display that allows for the pilot to see their HUD in a form of a repeater, and the [[#Television Camera Set|TCS]].<br />
* '''Horizontal Situation Display Indicator (HSD):''' a multifunction display that allows for the pilot to see their virtual compass for navigation modes, and the [[#AWG-9 Pulse-Doppler Radar|AWG-9 Radar]] from the RIO TID as a repeater.<br />
<br />
===Heads Up Display===<br />
The head-up display (HUD) is a projected display at the front of the cockpit that serves as the primary flight instrument. It also provides various indications for weapon delivery; this section will cover the HUD's indications in NAV master mode. Master mode/weapon-specific indications on the HUD will be covered in the relevant section.<br />
<br />
====Reject Modes====<br />
Via the switches next to the TO button on the displays panel, you are able to "declutter" or remove information off of the HUD.<br />
<br />
==Radar Intercept Officer==<br />
The Radar Intercept Officer (RIO) comes with 3 digital display screens in the RIO cockpit:<br />
* '''Detail Data Display (DDD):''' a dual-purpose display that allows for the RIO to see contacts on the [[#AWG-9 Pulse-Doppler Radar|radar]], based on the range and radar mode.<br />
* '''Tactical Information Display (TID):''' a multi-purpose display that allows for the RIO to see their [[#AWG-9 Pulse-Doppler Radar|AWG-9]] situational awareness, [[#Television Camera Set|TCS]], [[#TARPS Pod|TARPS]] and [[#LANTIRN Targeting Pod|LANTIRN]] pods.<br />
* '''Horizontal Situation Display Indicator (HSD):''' a multi-purpose display as to the one in the pilot cockpit.<br />
<br />
==Master Modes==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat has 5 primarily modes for information displayed. The 5 master modes are:<br />
* '''TO:''' switch. Displays takeoff information on HUD and VDI for degrees.<br />
* '''CRUISE:''' single-purpose button. Displays in-air flight information on HUD and VDI for degrees.<br />
* '''A/A:''' single-purpose button. Displays air-to-air information on HUD and VDI for degrees; and weapon employment.<br />
* '''A/G:''' single-purpose button. Displays air-to-ground information on HUD and VDI for degrees; and weapon employment.<br />
* '''LDG:''' single-purpose button. Displays landing information on HUD and VDI for degrees.<br />
<br />
<br />
Additionally, the F-14 Tomcat has an Air Combat Maneuver (ACM) panel which controls all air-to-air and air-to-ground aspects for armament.<br />
<br />
=Navigation=<br />
----<br />
The F-14 Tomcat has an inertial navigation system (INS) that allows the pilot to navigate by internal gyros aligned. However, due to the fault of having no GPS assistance, these gyros slowly drift over time and cause misalignment for visual information.<br />
<br />
==HSD==<br />
[[File:Hsd.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The Horizontal Situation Display Indicator (HSD) is the primary interface with the airplane's navigation systems. The HSI can be accessed from the bottom display screen. The basic function of the HSI is a rotating compass with a looking-from-above perspective. The controls for this screen are:<br />
# '''BRT Control:''' dial. Controls the brightness of the HSD screen.<br />
# '''HDG Control:''' dial. Controls the heading reference in TACAN mode.<br />
# '''CRS Control:''' dial. Controls the course heading reference in MAN and TACAN modes.<br />
# '''Test Button:''' single-purpose button. Resets the HSD screen if overload protection activates.<br />
# '''BIT Indicator:''' light. Shows a white light if a failure produces in the HSD.<br />
<br />
=== Steering Commands ===<br />
The HSD comes with a set of 5 different steering commands, which each have their own purpose towards displaying certain information:<br />
* '''TACAN:''' single-purpose button. Displays information based off of a radio beacon with range and direction.<br />
* '''DEST:''' single-purpose button. Displays information off of a selected waypoint from the RIO with range and direction.<br />
* '''AWL/PCD:''' single-purpose button. Displays information off of an ICLS frequency with azimuth and elevation bars (on VDI and HUD)<br />
* '''VEC:''' single-purpose button. ? (needs more info.)<br />
* '''MAN:''' single-purpose button. Displays information off of an entered heading (HDG Control) with direction.<br />
<br />
==Waypoints==<br />
The F-14B comes with an onboard flight computer system that handles waypoint navigation during in-air flight. The navigation system in the F-14B Tomcat gives a variety of waypoint holders, along with information for a set home plate.<br />
<br />
===Pilot===<br />
For the F-14B pilot, the waypoint information is able to be accessed by the DEST steering command and by using the NAV HSD display mode.<br />
<br />
===Radar Intercept Officer===<br />
For the F-14B Radar Intercept Officer, (RIO) the waypoints must be manually assigned by the RIO through the Computer Address Panel (CAP) system under the TAC DATA category. Once done, the waypoint must be selected through the CAP and entered in with coordinates similar to how INS alignment procedures are done.<br />
<br />
==TACAN==<br />
Tactical Air Navigation (TACAN) is a military radio navigation system. A TACAN beacon allows for an aircraft to determine its bearing and range from it, and using this information can navigate. TACAN's may be ground-based or be broadcasted by an airplane. TACAN channels have two bands, X and Y, and range from 1-126. 2 TACAN channels may be set present in the aircraft by both the Pilot and RIO for simultaneous use.<br />
<br />
The TACAN setting knobs give a range of these options:<br />
*'''T/R:''' Transmit and receive. Gets bearing and range from the TACAN.<br />
*'''RCV:''' Receive. Gets bearing from the TACAN.<br />
*'''A/A:''' Air-to-air TACAN mode.<br />
*'''X:''' Tunes the selected frequency on the X band.<br />
*'''Y:''' Tunes the selected frequency on the Y band.<br />
<br />
==ICLS==<br />
For night and low visibility operations, aircraft carriers have an Instrument Carrier Landing System (ICLS) to allow for instrument approaches to the carrier. ICLS provides horizontal and vertical guidance. The F-14 is equipped with ICLS.<br />
<br />
To activate the airplane's ICLS antenna, an ICLS dial is present to the right of the warning lights advisory panel, with an ARA on/off switch, used to toggle power to the system.<br />
<br />
When ILS is selected on the HSI, two bars, one horizontal and one vertical, appear near the velocity vector on the HUD. These indicate a vertical and horizontal deviation from the optimal glideslope (3°) and course to the deck. When they are both aligned with the velocity vector (making a "+"), the aircraft is on course.<br />
<br />
==ACLS==<br />
For CAT III conditions and poor visibility, the F-14 is equipped with the Automatic Carrier Landing System (ACLS) to allow an automatic flight to the carrier via. a radio-guided input from a Landing Signal Officer. (LSO) The auto-throttle and autopilot systems must be engaged and present during the time of activation with this system, along with lights given to the left of the VDI display.<br />
<br />
Datalink is required between the aircraft and the carrier in order for ACLS to work. When the best position of the azimuth and glideslope bars are within parameters, the nosewheel steering button is pressed in order to engage guidance.<br />
<br />
==Navigation Failures==<br />
The F-14B has a variety of navigation failures that may/can occur, including methods to fix them.<br />
<br />
===Navigation Fix Update===<br />
An error of latitude or longitude in the computer position of the aircraft can be corrected by a navigation fix update. Updating is especially important in the backup modes (AHRS AM and IMU/ AM) because of the estimated winds and magnetic variation changes. A nav fix is done via a ground-reference-point (latitude and longitude) position. The range and bearing of this position to the present aircraft position are used to update or correct existing values. The nav system may be updated by either a radar fix, a TACAN fix, or a visual fix.<br />
<br />
Before performing a nav fix, the latitude and longitude of the desired update point (radar, TACAN, or visual) must be stored in one of eight navigation point locations (three WPs, FIX PT, HOME BASE, HOST AREA, DEF PT, and IP). This data can be stored prior to flight by data link or by manual insertion. Then follow these steps:<br />
<br />
# Hook the Waypoint you choose to select for the nav fix.<br />
# Check the stored latitude and longitude on the TID.<br />
# Rotate the CATEGORY switch to NAV and select the desired type of update.<br />
<br />
<br />
Note that updating the position while in INS, and to a lesser degree while in IMU, can introduce a greater navigational position error than already present, in particular, if radar fix is used to update the nav system. Updates with a visual or TACAN fix provide reasonable accuracy (assuming a good MAG VAR during TACAN updates). Updating your nav system via a nav fix should be primarily used in the AHRS mode.<br />
<br />
===Radar Fix Update===<br />
An RDR FIX may be selected before or after positioning the DDD cursors. If the RDR FIX button is depressed, the computer computes the present position of the aircraft by measuring the range and bearing from the selected point. The delta between the computer position and the position determined by the INS is then displayed on the TID. If the entry of this delta into the navigation computations is desired, press the FIX ENABLE button. If the delta does not appear to be correct, the computer and the readout can be cleared by pressing the RDR FIX button. The fix may then be attempted again. The RIO should also perform periodic checks of own aircraft system altitude and update the altitude if necessary.<br />
<br />
Radar updating is performed as follows:<br />
<br />
# TID CURSOR/CAP - Hook Desired Navigation Point for Update.<br />
# PULSE SRCH button - Depress.<br />
# On sensor control panel: STAB switch - IN. EL BARS switch - 1. AZ SCAN switch - As Desired.<br />
# RDR FIX button - Depress.<br />
# DDD CURSOR button - Depress.<br />
# Action switch - Half Action (first detent).<br />
# Cursor is displayed on DDD.<br />
# Manipulate hand control DDD cursor over desired ground map point.<br />
# Action switch - Full Action and Release. (This will cause the DDD cursor to remain at the selected position.<br />
# Observe the delta for LAT and LONG on TID.<br />
# If readouts are unsatisfactory, deselect RDR FIX and repeat steps 4 through 12.<br />
# FIX ENABLE button - Depress.<br />
<br />
===TACAN Update===<br />
To perform a nav fix by TACAN requires that a restored waypoint shares identical LAT and LONG values with the TACAN station that will be used for the fix. Select the TACAN channel for the desired station and verify by listening to the coded identifier tone in the headset.<br />
<br />
Press the TACAN FIX button to update the aircraft position from a TACAN station. The WCS computer then calculates the own aircraft position error based on the range and bearing from the TACAN station. The delta is then entered in the same manner as with a radar fix.<br />
<br />
Perform a TACAN fix following these steps:<br />
<br />
# Select a TACAN channel whose latitude and longitude correspond to an update point.<br />
# Hook desired update point (WAYPT 1, FIX PT, HOME BASE, etc.).<br />
# CATEGORY switch - NAV.<br />
# TACAN FIX button - Depress.<br />
# Observe present position delta readout.<br />
# If delta is unsatisfactory, deselect TACAN FIX and repeat steps 2 through 7.<br />
# FIX ENABLE button - Depress.<br />
<br />
===Visual Update===<br />
To perform a visual fix, fly over a restored waypoint and press the VIS FIX button. Estimate your timing, because the aircraft nose and fuselage can obscure the fixed point during an overflight. It is also difficult to estimate when directly overhead a waypoint if the aircraft altitude is greater than 10.000 feet. The delta for the visual fix is displayed on the TID. Enter the delta by pressing FIX ENABLE.<br />
<br />
To perform a visual fix use the following steps:<br />
<br />
# Hook desired update point (WAY PT, HB, IP, etc.).<br />
# Select NAV category on CAP.<br />
# Overfly the selected restored point and when over the point, depress the VIS FIX button on the cap.<br />
# If the delta is not satisfactory, press VIS FIX again to clear the delta and repeat from step 1.<br />
# If a satisfactory delta is displayed, depress the FIX ENABLE button; this causes the delta correction of own-aircraft position to be inserted into the computer.<br />
<br />
===Datalink Update===<br />
To perform a data link update of the aircraft INS to the TDS frame of reference, the aircraft and TDS must share a prebriefed waypoint, identical in latitude and longitude. Enter this LAT/LONG data into the HOST AREA pseudo target file. The TDS will uplink the common reference point as a data link waypoint. When the aircraft and TDS INS systems agree, the data link waypoint and host area symbols will be superimposed on the TID. If they drift apart, the two pseudo targets on the TID will drift as well.<br />
<br />
To perform an update via data link, use the following steps:<br />
<br />
# Hook data link waypoint corresponding prebriefed reference point.<br />
# Select NAV category on CAP.<br />
# Overfly the hooked data link waypoint. When immediately over the point, press VIS FIX button on CAP.<br />
# Observe delta LAT and LONG on TID.<br />
# If deltas are satisfactory and update is desired, depress FIX ENABLE.<br />
# After a data link update, HOST AREA and data link waypoint should be superimposed on the TID again.<br />
<br />
===Fighter-to-Fighter Navigation Update===<br />
Net aircraft that use fighter-to-fighter data link can update their navigation system in the FF/DL mode. To update LAT/LONG hook the net aircraft symbol of an aircraft that is in close proximity and select F/F NAV UPDATE on the CAP. This will enter the hooked aircraft’s coordinates into the INS as own-aircraft coordinates. To update the nav system on an aircraft that is not close, first obtain a radar STT on that aircraft, hook the STT-ed aircraft on the TID and then press F/F NAV UPDATE on the CAP.<br />
<br />
=Defensive Systems=<br />
----<br />
The F-14B is equipped with various defensive systems: the AN/ALE-39 Countermeasure Dispensing System (CMDS), for the release of chaff and flares, the AN/ALQ-126 Deception ECM (DECM), for jamming enemy radar, and the AN/ALR-67 Radar Warning Reciever (RWR), for detection of enemy radar emitters and missile launches.<br />
<br />
==AN/ALR-67 RWR==<br />
[[File:alr-67.png|thumb|400px]]<br />
The AN/ALR-67 Radar Warning Receiver (RWR) provides the Hornet the ability to detect radars via the radio/microwave radiation they emit.<br />
<br />
===Audio Tones===<br />
Accompanying the RWR are various audio feedback tones:<br />
*'''Single Beep:''' A new ground- or sea-based emitter has been detected.<br />
*'''Double Beep:''' A new airborne emitter has been detected.<br />
*'''Repeating Beep:''' An emitter is tracking.<br />
*'''Faster Repeating Beep:''' An emitter is guiding a missile or is a missile.<br />
<br />
<br />
On the RWR gauge, the RWR knob will control the volume of the RWR tones.<br />
<br />
===Emitter Identifiers===<br />
''This list is, at present, not complete.''<br />
{|class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"<br />
!Type<br />
!RWR ID<br />
|-<br />
|U<br />
|Unknown<br />
|-<br />
|M<br />
|Active radar-homing missile<br />
|-<br />
|S<br />
|Search radar<br />
|-<br />
|3<br />
|SA-3 "Goa"<br />
|-<br />
|6<br />
|SA-6 "Gainful"<br />
|-<br />
|8<br />
|SA-8 "Gecko"<br />
|-<br />
|10<br />
|SA-10 "Grumble"<br />
|-<br />
|11<br />
|SA-11 "Gadfly"<br />
|-<br />
|11<br />
|F-111 Aardvark<br />
|-<br />
|12<br />
|SA-12 "Gladiator"<br />
|-<br />
|13<br />
|SA-13 "Gopher"<br />
|-<br />
|13<br />
|C-130 Hercules<br />
|-<br />
|14<br />
|F-14 Tomcat<br />
|-<br />
|15<br />
|F-15 Eagle<br />
|-<br />
|15 <br />
|SA-15 "Gauntlet"<br />
|-<br />
|16<br />
|F-16 Fighting Falcon<br />
|-<br />
|17<br />
|C-17 Globemaster III<br />
|-<br />
|18<br />
|F/A-18 Hornet<br />
|-<br />
|22<br />
|Tu-22 "Blinder"<br />
|-<br />
|23<br />
|MiG-23 "Flogger"<br />
|-<br />
|24<br />
|Su-24 "Fencer"<br />
|-<br />
|25<br />
|MiG-25 "Foxbat"<br />
|-<br />
|29<br />
|MiG-29 "Fulcrum"<br />
|-<br />
|29<br />
|Su-27 "Flanker"<br />
|-<br />
|29<br />
|Su-33 "Flanker-D"<br />
|-<br />
|30<br />
|Su-30 "Flanker-C"<br />
|-<br />
|31<br />
|MiG-31 "Foxhound"<br />
|-<br />
|34<br />
|Su-34 "Fullback"<br />
|-<br />
|39<br />
|Su-25M "Frogfoot"<br />
|-<br />
|40<br />
|''Spruance''-class destroyer<br />
|-<br />
|48<br />
|''Nimitz''-class carrier<br />
|-<br />
|49<br />
|''Oliver Hazard Perry''-class frigate<br />
|-<br />
|50<br />
|A-50 "Mainstay"<br />
|-<br />
|52<br />
|B-52 Stratofortress<br />
|-<br />
|76<br />
|IL-76 "Candid"<br />
|-<br />
|78<br />
|IL-78 "Midas"<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==AN/ALE-39 CMDS==<br />
[[File:f14 cms.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The AN/ALE-39 is the countermeasures dispensing set installed in the F-14B in this simulation. It controls its own set of launchers located between the engine nozzles on the underside of the so-called beaver-tail. The launchers each have two sections, one containing 10 cartridges and the other 20. They are referred to the left and right dispensers even though the left is really the front one and the right the back one with both being mounted inline on the left side of the tailhook. This is a remnant from the earliest model F-14s carrying the AN/ALE-29.<br />
<br />
This all sums up to a capacity of 60 cartridges in the system with each section necessarily holding one type of cartridges meaning that any combination of cartridges is possible as long as each type’s quantity is a multiple of 10. The system itself has no real knowledge of what is loaded where so incorrectly programming the system can lead to the wrong type of cartridge being ejected.<br />
<br />
===Cockpit Controls===<br />
The system itself can be operated manually from the control panel in the RIO pit or the DLC thumbwheel on the pilot stick when the flaps lever is in the up position. It is also capable of running programmed sequences of ejection which in turn can be initiated manually by the RIO from the control panel or the direction hats mounted on the handhold over the DDD. In addition, the AN/ALR-67 can also initiate the chaff ejection program if set up correctly on the AN/ALE-39 control panel.<br />
<br />
==AN/ALQ-126 DECM==<br />
The AN/ALQ-126 deception jammer is designed to detect radar threats, analyze them, select the optimum countermeasure technique available and apply it. Available techniques for jamming are amongst others, main lobe blanking, inverse con-scan, range-gate pull-off and swept square modes. In DCS this is modeled as a simple noise jammer due to engine limitations but controlled by the DECM logic as to when it’s on or off.<br />
<br />
===Cockpit Controls===<br />
The controls for the AN/ALQ-126 DECM are all located on the right horizontal panel in the RIO pit, the panel as the image above. In addition, there are two indication lights co-located with the RWR threat indicators on the right side of the TID. The mode selector knob controls power and operational mode that the system is in. The modes for the DECM are as follows:<br />
<br />
* '''OFF:''' turns off power to the system. STBY begins pre-warming of the system, taking in all-around 5 minutes.<br />
* '''TEST HOLD 3 SEC:''' is used to prepare the system for BIT, after 3 seconds in this mode, turn the knob to TEST - ACT.<br />
* '''TEST ACT:''' starts the BIT in the system. The BIT takes approximately 30 seconds and the RCV light will be illuminated the whole time while the XMIT light will flash twice. If the STANDBY light illuminates it indicates that a no-go condition exists in the system.<br />
* '''REC:''' enables the system to receive the only mode, enabling analyzation of threats and also the threat audio.<br />
* '''RPT:''' enables full system functionality, in addition to REC it also now tries to jam threats according to the selected method.<br />
<br />
=Television Camera Set=<br />
----<br />
[[File:tcs_symbology.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The F-14B is outfitted with the ALQ-100 Television Camera Set (TCS) pod, used for visually identifying aircraft during the time of which IFF was not a trusted/more inferior method to confirming hostile aircraft and to keep track of their position, as well as their living status.<br />
<br />
==Symbology==<br />
On the TID, in non-TV mode, a TCS track is indicated by a 1.5” strobe at TCS LOS azimuth with a hollow circle at the end.<br />
<br />
The symbology on the video feed from the TCS has indicators for the FOV and two crosshairs indicating TCS LOS relative own aircraft, GACH, and AN/AWG-9 radar LOS relative TCS LOS, RACH. Additionally, the track window is indicated by 4 small squares representing each corner of that window.<br />
<br />
The gimbal angle crosshairs or GACH, which is a solid cross, indicate deflection of the TCS LOS from the aircraft datum line, ADL. GACH crosshair in the center indicates TCS LOS along ADL and deflection towards the edges indicate deflection towards the gimbal limits with the video edges being maximum deflection.<br />
<br />
RACH or radar angle crosshairs, a dashed crosshair, indicate radar antenna LOS when inside the current TCS FOV. When the sensors slave to one another RACH and GACH will coincide creating a single solid crosshair.<br />
<br />
The track window indicates the area that the TCS contrast tracker is currently locked on to if it has acquired a target. When not in an active track these squares collapse into the center of the display being 2% of the screen width when in manual mode and 5% when in an auto mode.<br />
<br />
=LANTIRN Targeting Pod=<br />
----<br />
[[File:flir.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The F-14B can carry the AN/AAQ-14 Low Altitude Navigation and Targeting Infrared For Night (LANTIRN) targeting pod. This pod consists of a Forward-Looking Infrared (FLIR) camera (which also includes a digital charged coupled device camera) for target locating and observing, a Laser Target Designator/Ranger for firing a laser that both designates targets for laser-homing weapons and gathers ranging information for designating whatever the FLIR is pointed at as an air-to-ground, and a Laser Spot Tracker (LST) which can search for and track a laser, allowing for the FLIR to be cued onto an offboard (ground or air-designated) laser from another unit and then designate a Target off said point; this allows for most effective buddy-lasing. The targeting pod can be used in both air-to-ground and air-to-air functions, but the LTD/R and LST are only used for A/G operation.<br />
<br />
==Symbology==<br />
The following areas on the LANTIRN are to represent:<br />
# '''A/C Position Data:''' Displays aircraft LAT/LON, altitude, and groundspeed information.<br />
# '''LANTIRN Polarity:''' Displays white or hot background. AGC is for automatic gain control, MGC is for manual gain control.<br />
# '''LANTIRN Information:''' Gives general information on the pod. SR is for slant range, AZ/EL for azimuth/elevation of sight, and rest is UTC time.<br />
# '''LANTIRN Track Mode:''' Displays the current tracking mode. A/A is for air-to-air, A/G is for air-to-ground. Right side is for current selected weapon.<br />
# '''Track Data:''' Displays information of LAT/LON and altitude of where the sight is at.<br />
# '''Track:''' Displays the hairs for point and area track, and what the sight is directly pointed at.<br />
# '''Launch Envelopes:''' The top tape is for the heading relative of the aircraft to the track. The right side tape is for the release point.<br />
<br />
=TARPS Pod=<br />
----<br />
Not yet implemented.<br />
<br />
=Air-to-Air Radar=<br />
----<br />
==Detail Data Display==<br />
[[File:f14 ddd.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
Among the 3 digital displays, the Detail Data Display gives the RIO information about contacts from the AWG-9 radar in terms of range and radar mode, with respect to the notch filter.<br />
<br />
===Notch Filter===<br />
The AWG-9 radar in the F-14B Tomcat has a notch filter when using the pulse-doppler radar modes under certain conditions. These conditions include, but are not limited to:<br />
<br />
* ~100 knot difference of the aircraft relative to contact<br />
* Contact flying 90 degrees perpendicular CW/CCW to aircraft<br />
* Masking with ground terrain scan return<br />
<br />
<br />
There is a rough line shown in the radar modes, likewise of the jamming lobe, for when considering the notch filter that the contact will disappear from.<br />
<br />
==Tactical Information Display==<br />
[[File:f14 tid.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The Tactical Information Display (TID) gives the RIO of the F-14B the main information on the AWG-9 radar, including situational awareness, range, altitude, and contact heading.<br />
<br />
===Display Modes===<br />
The TID comes with a total of 8 display modes available, that can be toggled either on or off for purposes of gathering more information or decluttering:<br />
<br />
* '''RID DISABLE:''' ? needs more info. Not yet implemented.<br />
* '''ALT NUM:''' Displays the altitude of contact with a singular digit rounded to the nearest thousand.<br />
* '''SYM ELEM:''' Displays the symbology of contacts corresponding to HAFU.<br />
* '''DATA LINK:''' Displays contacts from the datalink frequency.<br />
* '''JAM STROBE:''' Displays the jamming strobes. Not yet implemented.<br />
* '''NON-ATTK:''' Displays determined (manual IFF or datalink) HAFU of friendly contacts.<br />
* '''VEL VECTOR:''' Displays the velocity vectors of contacts.<br />
* '''LAUNCH ZONE:''' Displays contact approximate missile launch zones.<br />
<br />
==AN/AWG-9 Radar==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat is equipped with the AN/AWG-9 all-weather and pulse-doppler radar. It is a very long-range radar used for the main purpose of intercept.<br />
<br />
===Radar Modes===<br />
The AWG-9 in the F-14B comes with 2 types of radar modes: doppler and pulse-doppler search. Of those two, subsets are able to be observed as 5 in this list:<br />
<br />
* '''PD SRCH:''' Pulse-Doppler Search mode. No bias factor of the radar, but impedes to pulse-doppler methods.<br />
* '''PD STT:''' Pulse-Doppler Single Target Track mode. By default upon acquiring a lock with the AWG-9, the radar will move to this function mode. It is currently suspectable to the notch filter.<br />
* '''RWS:''' Range While Search mode. The radar will prioritize the range of targets but not other factors. Falls under pulse-doppler.<br />
* '''TWS MAN:''' Track While Scan - Manual mode. The radar will prioritize the situational awareness of other targets but not give information on every target. The radar will also prioritize targets by threat importance.<br />
* '''TWS AUTO:''' Track While Scan - Auto mode. The radar will perform the same as TWS Man, but the elevation and azimuth controls will be automated in the process for an optimal scan.<br />
* '''PULSE SRCH:''' Pulse Search mode. No bias factor of the radar and can not be impeded to the notch filter, unlike the pulse-doppler method. The radar will, however, output a return of everything that is scanned and requires tuning.<br />
* '''PULSE STT:''' Pulse Single Target Track mode. Performing similarly to Pulse Search mode, this function mode applies to only a single target and is not suspectable to the notch filter.<br />
<br />
====Pulse-Doppler Search Mode====<br />
[[File:f14 pulsedoppler.png|thumb|350px]]<br />
The pulse-doppler search mode is used mainly as a kind of early warning mode. It is the search mode with the greatest detection range but it can display no range to the RIO, only closure rate. For this reason, the TID can display no track information.<br />
<br />
====Pulse-Doppler STT Mode====<br />
[[File:f14 pdstt.png|thumb|350px]]<br />
The pulse-doppler STT works and looks much like the pulse STT mode. It does, however, have the same advantages and disadvantages compared to pulse STT as the other pulse-doppler modes compared to the pulse modes. This means that while much better at tracking a target close to the ground it is however vulnerable to notching.<br />
<br />
The DDD display for pulse-doppler STT looks like pulse STT display except that the target return and antenna azimuth display are moved to the left side of the screen and a generated synthetic target marker is displayed at the correct azimuth instead. This is so that the targets range can be displayed by the synthetic target, unlike the other pulse-doppler modes which only shows closure rate. The other symbology on the DDD in this mode are the same as in pulse STT.<br />
<br />
====Range While Search Mode====<br />
In range while search, a frequency measuring ranging mode is added (FM ranging) to allow the radar to measure the range of tracked targets in addition to closure rate. This additional processing does, however, mean that the effective range of the radar is somewhat lesser. The display on the DDD is the same as in pulse-doppler search, the TID however also shows tracks in this mode showing the targets as tracks momentarily as they’re scanned and displaying their position and altitude. <br />
<br />
The targets are shown for a maximum of two seconds or until the antenna again scans the same bar at the same azimuth at which time it is removed unless detected again. The maximum number of concurrently shown tracks are 48.<br />
<br />
====TWS Manual Mode====<br />
The track, while scan mode uses the same FM ranging as RWS with the same reduction in range compared to pulse-doppler search and the DDD display, is also the same. The main difference that the computer establishes track files and tracks up to 24 targets concurrently of which 18 can be shown on the TID at any given time.<br />
<br />
As the computer routine calculating these tracks need a set track refresh time of 2 seconds this limits available azimuth scan area and bar settings to either 20° 4 bars or 40° 2 bars. When entering TWS the computer automatically selects the ±20° 4 bar scan disregarding the RIO set scan volumes unless those are set to ±40° 2 bars in which case that is used instead.<br />
<br />
The TWS mode is also the only mode enabling guidance of the AIM-54 at multiple targets (up to six), and as soon as engageable targets are detected the computer starts assigning them a missile priority number according to optimal missile firing sequence.<br />
<br />
====TWS Auto Mode====<br />
Performing similarly to TWS Man mode, what differs between the two is that in TWS auto the computer takes control of used scan volume and scan pattern azimuth and elevation as soon as target tracks are present. The WCS computer automatically tries to optimize the scan volume and direction so that tracking of the prioritized targets is maximized. If not selected before launch the WCS overrides as soon as the first AIM-54 is launched and selects TWS Auto.<br />
<br />
====Pulse Search Mode====<br />
[[File:f14 pulse.png|thumb|350px]]<br />
Pulse search is used to search for and find airborne targets at range. It is possible to use this radar mode as a basic ground mapper as well which can be useful for navigation and navigational fixes and can also be used in a pinch to detect larger surface targets like ships. Keep in mind though that the radar is not built with this as its main function and that a real air-to-ground radar will outperform it handily.<br />
<br />
In this mode, the radar cannot by itself differentiate targets and generate tracks meaning that the WCS will not generate track files and display anything on the TID. This also means that pulse search is not capable of guiding missiles.<br />
<br />
====Pulse STT Mode====<br />
[[File:f14 pstt.png|thumb|350px]]<br />
Pulse STT is used to track a single target, like pulse search mode it is not susceptible to notching but it is to ground clutter. The fact that the STT modes use gates to track the target, in this case, range gates, means that it is less susceptible to ground clutter but a target close enough to the ground that the ground return enters the range gates would be likely to shake the lock.<br />
<br />
As it is only in the pulse-doppler modes that the missile guidance commands can be sent pulse STT is limited to launching AIM-7s in CW mode and AIM-54s in an active launch mode limiting their ranges. At short ranges, ACM ranges, it is possible to use the ASPECT switch to set what aspect of the target to track, this is just to counter different types of countermeasures. As an example, if set to NOSE the radar will be less susceptible to chaff as the radar weights its track towards the targets leading-edge (nose) away from the chaff being launched behind the target.<br />
<br />
A successful track is indicated by the ANT TRK and RDROT indicator lights on the DDD, meaning that the antenna is tracking the target and that the target is within the range gates. If the target is jamming with sufficient strength, negating a range track, the radar will transition to a jam angle track instead, indicated by the JAT indicator light on the DDD illuminating instead of the RDROT. When range tracking is again possible at closer ranges the radar will transition to that instead.<br />
<br />
The DDD in this mode will be similar to the pulse search mode but the antenna will be locked onto the target and not scan. Additionally, the DDD will show the range gates around the target, a closing rate symbol at the right scale and applicable attack symbology if a valid missile is selected.<br />
<br />
===Anti-Jamming Modes===<br />
Not yet implemented.<br />
<br />
===AN/APX-76 IFF Interrogator===<br />
The AN/APX-76 IFF (Identification Friend or Foe) interrogator is integrated into the AN/AWG-9 operation. Then interrogator antenna itself is located on the AN/AWG-9 antenna gimbal platform. An IFF system works by sending out an interrogation pulse and then listening for returns from cooperating transponders. In addition to the unencrypted civilian mode the AN/APX-76 is capable of interrogating in the encrypted military mode 4. This ensures that targets replying to mode 4 interrogations are indeed friendly. The AN/APX-76 can be used both in search radar modes and in STT radar modes. To enable interrogation the IFF switch is depressed on the Detail Data Display Panel which then activates the interrogator for as long as the button is held up to 10 seconds max.<br />
<br />
When enabled IFF received IFF returns are then overlaid on the normal AN/AWG-9 radar returns on the DDD. A friendly target will be indicated with two bars, one above and one below the normal radar return. As the AN/APX-76 is a separate radar, secondary mode, radar apart from the AWG-9 the IFF can sometimes also detect targets not detected by the AWG-9. In this case the IFF return will not have a radar echo inside it. In the search mode this is overlaid over each target replying and in STT over the STT target. Additionally, if the STT target is hooked on the TID the DDD will switch from normal range display to a ±10 NM display to enable display of multiple returns in case of closely grouped targets.<br />
<br />
==HAFU/Datalink==<br />
[[File:HAFU.png|right|80px]]<br />
Hostile, Ambiguous, Friendly or Unknown (HAFU) is a symbology system used by the F/A-18 to represent trackfiles; specifically, to show its status as a friendly or hostile. It is usually what trackfiles are displayed as across the software.<br />
<br />
There are four HAFU symbols:<br />
*'''Triangle:''' Hostile (red when colored)<br />
*'''Thick Staple:''' Ambiguous (yellow when colored)<br />
*'''Half-Circle:''' Friendly (green when colored)<br />
*'''Thin Staple:''' Unknown (yellow when colored)<br />
<br />
<br />
All types except ambiguous can be manually assigned via the [[#SA Format|Situational Awareness]] format. Tracks will also be automatically identified as explained below.<br />
<br />
A hostile HAFU will be assigned whenever:<br />
* A negative IFF response is returned, and<br />
** An NCTR print returns with an aircraft type that is on the hostile coalition; or<br />
** A SURV (surveillance, like an AWACS) source over datalink also marks it hostile; or<br />
** A F/F (fighter-fighter, like another F/A-18) source over datalink also marks it hostile.<br />
<br />
<br />
An ambiguous HAFU will be assigned when the aircraft and a donor have conflicting identifications (friendly and hostile).<br />
<br />
A friendly HAFU will be assigned whenever an IFF interrogation returns as friendly or the track itself is contributed to by the Precise Participant Location and Identification (PPLI) system.<br />
<br />
An unknown HAFU will be assigned by default until it is updated by meeting one of the requirements above.<br />
<br />
=Air-to-Air Weapons=<br />
----<br />
This area will cover over all the different air-to-air weapons brought with the F-14B Tomcat.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Air Gun==<br />
[[File:f14 gun aa.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
''Using Real-Time mode.''<br />
<br />
The F-14 Tomcat is outfitted with the M61A1 Vulcan 6-barreled Gatling cannon, being able to hold up a maximum of 675 rounds internally.<br />
<br />
===Gun Rates===<br />
The cannon offers 2 modes of combat in the F-14B: <br />
<br />
* '''LOW:''' mode which slows down the muzzle rate, used for Air-to-Ground.<br />
* '''HIGH:''' mode which is to be used for Basic Fighter Maneuvering. (BFM)<br />
<br />
===Gun Modes===<br />
The cannon for Air-to-Air mode is able to be placed into 2 following positions:<br />
<br />
* '''Manual:''' this mode is able to be selected by depressing the CAGE/SEAM button, which will then only display the pipper and ammo count.<br />
* '''Real-Time:''' this mode is the regular, default mode. Along with a radar lock, the pipper will calculate to be accurate when directed to the diamond contact box. This will also give a closure rate towards the contact and the range relative to the aircraft.<br />
<br />
===Symbology===<br />
<br />
The symbology for the cannon is displayed on the HUD with the weapon master selector in the GUN position, and display in A/A. By default, the gun rounds indicator will be displayed as 0 for rounds per 100. Located next to the display panel to the right is the gun ammo counter. Additionally, the gunsight elevation is also able to be adjusted underneath the steer commands on the display panel.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Air Missiles==<br />
===Missile Preparation===<br />
Missile preparation in the F-14B Tomcat is started by moving the master arm switch on the ACM panel underneath the HUD to ON. This is then followed by pressing the MSL PREP and SW COOL buttons to be ON, depending on the armament type.<br />
<br />
===AIM-54 Phoenix===<br />
The AIM-54 is a long-range, semi-active radar missile for Air-to-Air use. The F-14 was the only aircraft to carry it in service and was used to take down Soviet bombers. However, it is able to be used on fighters as well. The AIM-54 comes with a proximity fuse and missile gate suite for non-direct contact explosions and radar tracking methods. <br />
<br />
Upon the launch of the missile, active input from the AN/AWG-9 radar is used to guide itself towards the contact. When reaching pitbull range (~20 nmi.) the missile will then use the radar in itself and steer until impact. <br />
<br />
The time until impact will be calculated during the whole flight of the missile after the launch sequence on the TID as a seconds counter next to the contact.<br />
<br />
====Missile Variants====<br />
The AIM-54 for the F-14 in DCS is not only just 1 variant but 2 provided for the aircraft:<br />
<br />
* '''AIM-54A Mk.60:''' The A variant Mk.60 is a specific version of the AIM-54 Phoenix which utilizes burn time and speed over agility and smoke. The Mk.60 is able to be fired from at most ~100 nmi. under optimal conditions, factoring altitude, kinetic airspeed, contact airspeed, and altitude. The recommended firing distance of the variant, however, is ~45 nmi.<br />
* '''AIM-54C Mk.47:''' The C variant Mk.47 is a later upgrade to the missile that utilizes agility and smoke over burn time and speed. While the C variant provides a no-smoke solution, it lacks the favoring of speed and distance. Under optimal conditions similar to the A, this missile variant is best at ~60 nmi. The recommended distance to contact for firing is ~30 nmi.<br />
<br />
====Launch Modes====<br />
The main seeker in the AIM-54 is able to be fired through 3 launch modes in according:<br />
<br />
# '''Semi-active Radar Homing (SARH):''' In the first stage of the AIM-54 engagement, the missile is guided semi-actively by the AN/AWG-9 radar using both guidance commands transmitted via the radar and radar energy reflected off the target. Then when the missile is within range of its seeker’s ARH mode the AN/AWG-9 commands the missile to switch to ARH. In pulse doppler STT the AIM-54 uses SARH all the way to the target receiving guidance commands at a greater rate than in TWS and also continuous spotlighting of the target because of the STT mode being used. This increases the effective range of the AIM-54 seeker slightly.<br />
# '''Active Radar Homing (ARH):''' This tells the WCS to immediately command the AIM-54 to go active in the first guidance command after launch. If launched at a target within 6 NM if in the targets rear hemisphere or 10 NM miles if in its forward hemisphere the WCS will also automatically command this mode instead of a SARH mode. If the target is not detected actively by the seeker it will still fall back to SARH until the seeker can acquire on its own like in the two SARH modes.<br />
# '''ACM Active:''' The missile is commanded active before launch making this the only mode where the missile is truly fire and forget. The AIM-54 missile receives the active message before launching from the WCS in addition to a command prepositioning the seeker-head to have it look at the current WCS track if available.<br />
<br />
<br />
Additionally, the AIM-54 has an unofficial method of launching the missile:<br />
<br />
* '''Mad-dogging:''' A method that uses the aircraft relative to their contact altitude and airspeed and firing the AIM-54 in the direction, which will force it to become semi-active within the pitbull range.<br />
<br />
====HUD Symbology====<br />
[[File:f14 aim54 hud.png|thumb|400px]]<br />
The pilot will receive standard symbology of the AIM-54 missile selected when the display is in A/A mode. Similar to the GUNS format, displayed on the HUD will be the weapon type denoted in 2 letters, and the number of missiles. Additionally, any more advanced symbology will occur by lock, which is required at first to fire the missile without "mad-dogging."<br />
<br />
====VDI Symbology====<br />
[[File:f14 aim54 vdi.png|thumb|400px]]<br />
The pilot will also receive additional symbology on the VDI whenever a radar lock occurs with the AIM-54 selected.<br />
<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
===AIM-7 Sparrow===<br />
The AIM-7 Sparrow is an active-radar guided missile for Air-to-Air employment. This missile requires an active radar lock to a contact in order to guide itself for impact. The benefit of this missile is that it is able to lose trackoing guidance if the aircraft breaks the lock on a friendly contact, as well as being able to be used in a mixed scenario.<br />
<br />
The maximum range of the Sparrow under optimal conditions as the Phoenix is ~25 nmi. The recommended distance, however, is roughly ~10 nmi.<br />
<br />
===AIM-9 Sidewinder===<br />
The AIM-9 Sidewinder is an IR-guided missile that self tracks based off of thermal energy (heat) of an aircraft. This missile should be used for close quarters range, where agility and speed are a high priority. The benefit of this missile is how quickly it can turn onto a contact. However, a con to this can be "sun-aiming," where the missile follows a contact that flies directly to the sun and immediately flanks out of the sensor sight of the Sidewinder.<br />
<br />
The maximum range on this missile is ~10 nmi., but recommended range is within ~5 nmi. under optimal conditions.<br />
<br />
=Air-to-Ground Weapons=<br />
----<br />
The F-14B Tomcat comes with a variety of air-to-ground weapons after the upgrade to the Bombcat.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Ground Gun==<br />
The symbology of the Air-to-Ground Gun is similar to of the Air-to-Air mode. The weapon will instead keep a diamond inside with the cross until passing the horizon threshold. All happens with the Gun selected and the HUD steering command in A/G mode.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Ground Bombs==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat is able to carry numerous types of munitions that act as bombs, whether dumb or laser-guided.<br />
<br />
===Mk-20/81/82/83/84 GPB===<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
===GBU-12/14/16 LGB===<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
===BDU-33 Training Bomb===<br />
The BDU-33 is a training bomb that emits smoke upon impact on a hard surface. This is generally used in training for Air-to-Ground in the Tomcat, and among other aircraft.<br />
<br />
===ADM-141 TALD===<br />
The ADM-141 Towed Air Launch Defense (TALD) missile is a decoy weapon that is employed for doing Suppression of Enemy Air Defenses. (SEAD) The TALD missile represents one of the only true SEAD weapons used in DCS World that is not DEAD-related. The objective of the TALD is to be dropped to confuse SAM sites that use radar guidance so other aircraft are able to destroy them, hence being "suppressed."<br />
<br />
The TALD is only able to be successfully launched when the RWR is receiving a radar lock warning or missile warning in the F-14 Tomcat. Only the F-14B Tomcat is able to use this weapon.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Ground Rockets==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat carries 4 4-count Zuni rockets, which are precision, unguided rockets that are able to be fired in an Air-to-Ground configuration.<br />
<br />
=Resources=<br />
----<br />
==Contributors==<br />
* Jak: An early contributor who wrote information on what the aircraft was and helping serve filler content.<br />
* Nullspec: Contributor towards the F/A-18C Hornet on implemented/non-implemented for the formatting.<br />
<br />
==Manuals & Documents==<br />
* [https://info.publicintelligence.net/F14AAP-1B.pdf F-14B NATOPS Pocket Checklist]<br />
* [http://www.heatblur.se/F-14Manual/ Heatblur F-14 Manual]<br />
* [https://www.mudspike.com/chucks-guides-dcs-f-14b-tomcat/ Chuck's F-14 Guide]<br />
<br />
==Heatblur's Videos==<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q1o7E9pb95Y Episode 1: Overview]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OO3IdQjAdDA Episode 2: Pilot's Cockpit Walkaround]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ws1GxPG2ZXw Episode 3: Cold And Dark (Full Startup)]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kgpGO7fj4oU Episode 4: The RIO's Office]<br />
<br />
==Jabbers' Tutorial Videos==<br />
(They're good!)<br />
<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2qwlJs__iYk Pilot - Startup/Taxi/Takeoff with JESTER AI]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b5opjCygZug Pilot - Maneuvering and Flight Characteristics]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f4y2oZ-7rM8 Pilot - Air-to-Air Refueling]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ujk4hL_EnUc Pilot - ACM - Radar Acquisition Modes]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wftck0C3fJ8 Pilot - Weapons - Zuni Rockets with JESTER AI]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4m-Q02gxFEA Pilot - Weapons - AIM-9 Sidewinder]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SWeHtpJ00JI RIO - Startup]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r4-Dd4ss2Rc RIO - AWG-9 Radar]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YG7sWweg2RQ RIO - IFF Interrogation]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2q-bHFyTEr8 Overview - AIM-54C Mk.47 Phoenix - Tacview Debrief]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PyAQpqVhtBY Overview - AIM-54A Mk.60 Phoenix - Tacview Debrief]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4groy-_Bxfk Quick Tips - AIM-54 Phoenix]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Is3AtOX-abw Quick Tips - Bombing]<br />
<br />
==RedKite's Tutorial Videos==<br />
(More in-depth on particular systems, referenced throughout the guide.)<br />
<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R9-8UCj66Ds Pilot/RIO - LANTIRN & LGB Bombs]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k5femxA_lis Pilot/RIO - ICLS & ACLS]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YqQz9YrEi6A Pilot/RIO - INS Fix]</div>Siriushttps://wiki.hoggitworld.com/index.php?title=F-16C&diff=10727F-16C2019-10-08T09:24:12Z<p>Sirius: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{ModuleInfo<br />
|modulename=F-16C<br />
|modulethumb=F-16C Flying.png<br />
|guidelink=https://www.digitalcombatsimulator.com/en/downloads/documentation/viper_early_access_guide_en/<br />
|storelink=https://www.digitalcombatsimulator.com/en/shop/modules/viper/<br />
|trailerlink=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8QfANpD0GHY<br />
}}<br />
<br />
<div class="alert alert-info" role="alert"><br />
This page is focused on the DCS World F-16C module; see [[Falcon BMS]] for BMS related info.<br />
</div><br />
<br />
The '''F-16C Fighting Falcon''', often called the '''Viper''', is a single-engine multi-role fighter jet airplane. The F-16 was created by General Dynamics (now Lockheed Martin) and operated by the United States Air Force and numerous other militaries. Despite the "F" (fighter) designation, it is designed for both air-to-air and air-to-ground missions and can use an array of weapons and sensors; built into the Viper is a 20mm cannon as well as a multifunction radar. The DCS F-16C models a Block 50 aircraft with the new F110-GE-129 engine and the Common Configuration Implementation Program (CCIP) avionics upgrade.<br />
<br />
=Weapons List=<br />
==Implemented==<br />
Partially or fully implemented weapons of the F-16C Viper:<br />
<br />
* BDU-33, BDU-50LD/HD Training Bombs<br />
* Mk-82LDGP, Mk-82AIR, Mk-84LDGP<br />
* CBU-87 CEM, CBU-97 SFW<br />
* 2.75” LAU-68, LAU-131 Rockets<br />
* AIM-9L/M/P/X Sidewinder<br />
* AIM-120B/C AMRAAM<br />
* M61A1 20mm Cannon<br />
* GBU-10, GBU-12<br />
<br />
==Planned==<br />
Weapons not yet implemented into the Viper:<br />
<br />
* CBU-103, CBU-105 Cluster Bombs<br />
* AGM-65D/G/H/K Maverick<br />
* AGM-88C HARM<br />
* GBU-24<br />
* BRU-57/A<br />
* GBU-31/A, GBU-38/B JDAM<br />
* AGM-154A/B JSOW<br />
* ALE-50 Towed Decoy<br />
<br />
=HOTAS=<br />
----<br />
The Fighting Falcon's hands on throttle and stick (HOTAS) system is designed to allow the pilot to manipulate important avionics functions without releasing the hands from the throttle or control stick. This section will provide a summarized description of all HOTAS controls - detailed functionality will be described in other appropriate sections.<br />
<br />
==Control Stick==<br />
[[File:F-16_Side_Stick_Controller.jpg|thumb|500px]]<br />
<br />
The control stick is a side-mounted stick used to manipulate the Flight Control System (FLCS), but also has numerous other HOTAS controls. The stick is mostly stationary and uses pressure sensitivity to be manipulated; it does, however, move a small physical distance to give tactile movement response to the pilot.<br />
*'''Trim Switch:''' The Trim Switch commands pitch (up/down) and roll (left/right) trim to the FLCS.<br />
*'''Display Management Switch (DMS):''' The Display Management Switch (DMS) is used for avionics display manipulation and to assign the [[#Sensor of Interest|Sensor of Interest]].<br />
**'''Forward:''' Sensor of Interest assigned to HUD/HMCS<br />
**'''Aft:''' Sensor of Interest assigned and cycles between the left and right MPDs<br />
**'''Left:''' Cycles three configured quick access pages on the left MPD from right to left<br />
**'''Right:''' Cycles three configured quick access pages on the right MPD from left to right<br />
*'''Target Management Switch (TMS):''' The Target Management Switch (TMS) manipulates various sensors depending on what is the Sensor of Interest.<br />
**'''Forward'''<br />
***HUD SOI: When an A/G bomb is selected, designates SPI in DTOS/EO.<br />
***FCR SOI: Commands SAM in RWS mode or commands BORE scan in ACM<br />
***TGP SOI: Commands point track<br />
***WPN SOI: Commands track<br />
***HSD SOI: Designate active waypoint<br />
**'''Aft'''<br />
***HUD/FCR/WPN SOI: Target reject<br />
***HSD SOI: Drop<br />
**'''Left'''<br />
***FCR SOI: Expanded data<br />
***TGP/WPN SOI: Toggles seeker polarity<br />
**'''Right'''<br />
***FCR SOI: Steps bugged track in TWS or commands HUD scan in ACM<br />
***TGP SOI: Commands area track<br />
**'''Right [long hold]'''<br />
***FCR SOI: Toggles TWS and RWS mode<br />
<br />
==Throttle==<br />
[[File:F-16_Throttle.jpg|thumb|500px]]<br />
<br />
The throttle for the F-16 is mounted on the left side, thought it is not rail-mounted to the side of the fuselage as its appearance would suggest. Instead the throttle pivots on its mounted location to the panel. It has the following HOTAS controls:<br />
*'''Communications Switch (Radio)'''<br />
**'''Forward (VHF)''': keys up the VHF radio on the selected frequency for talking to JTAC, ATC, and other land/sea based assets<br />
**'''Aft (UHF)''': keys up the UHF radio on the selected frequency for communication to air assets, such as flight members, AWACS or refueling aircraft<br />
**'''Left (Out) [short press]''': Toggles on and off datalink symbology on the MPDs<br />
**'''Left (Out) [long hold]''': Commands a datalink update<br />
**'''Right (In)''': Transmits the current air-to-ground target over datalink<br />
*'''Manual Range / Uncage Switch''': this switch controls the range for air-to-air guns, uncages the missiles, or zooms the TGP depending on the selected SOI and master mode<br />
*'''Antenna Elevation''': This dial wheel (with center detent) controls the radar antenna elevation, allowing the pilot to slew the radar up or down to adjust the radar focus accordingly<br />
*'''Dogfight / Missile Override'''<br />
<br />
*'''Speedbrake'''<br />
**'''Forward''' this position locks in place and retracts the airbrake.<br />
**'''Aft''' this temporary position extends the airbrake as long as the switch is held in place, keeping it there after release.<br />
*'''Cursor Control / Enable''' - This allows for the current Sensor of Interest to be manipulated, such as the FCR Acquisition Cursor or pointing the TGP camera.<br />
*'''Black-out Switch'''<br />
<br />
=Flight Controls & Landing Gear=<br />
----<br />
==Flight Controls==<br />
The F-16C has multiple flight control surfaces for maneuvering the aircraft. It has a "fly-by-wire" (FBW) system, which, opposed to a traditional mechanical or "direct" control system, the inputs given by the cockpit controls are inputted to a computer which then decides what controls to move in order to accomplish the desired maneuver. This computerized system is called the Flight Control System (FLCS, pronounces "flickus"). The FLCS also moves surfaces as a function of the angle of attack to provide the best control.<br />
<br />
The F-16C's primary flight controls are:<br />
<br />
* '''Stabilators:''' Two "stabilators" (stabilizer + elevator) located at the tail move on a single axis independently of one another to control both pitch and roll of the aircraft.<br />
* '''Ailerons:''' Two normal ailerons located on the outer area of the wings to control roll of the aircraft. They also both droop down to add lift.<br />
* '''Rudder:''' A single vertical rudder to control yaw.<br />
* '''Leading Edge Flaps:''' Normal slats located on the leading (front) edge of the wings to add lift.<br />
* '''Trailing Edge Flaps:''' Normal flaps located on the trailing (back) edge of the wings to add lift.<br />
<br />
The control stick controls the stabilators, ailerons, and rudder and the rudder pedals control the rudder. The control stick mainly focuses on using force sensing for feedback, not to be confused for force feedback.<br />
<br />
==Speedbrake==<br />
The speedbrake is a set of four retractable flaps on the back of the aircraft on either side of the engine, used to provide drag to decelerate faster. It is activated via the speed brake switch on the throttle. There are three positions - aft is momentary, the others are permanent.<br />
* '''Aft''': Speedbrake will extend as long as it is held.<br />
*'''Center:''' The speedbrake is neither retracted nor extended.<br />
* '''Forward''': The speed brake retracts as long as it is in this position.<br />
<br />
==Landing Gear==<br />
===Nosewheel Steering===<br />
With weight off wheels, it is disengaged. It automatically engages upon there being weight on wheels. NWS is disengaged manually via the paddle switch on the stick.<br />
<br />
=Digital Systems Overview=<br />
----<br />
The F-16's avionics are interfaced with via two Multifunction Displays (MFDs), the Upfront Controls consisting of the Integrated Control Panel (ICP) the Data Entry Display (DED), and the head-up display (HUD)/helmet mounted cueing system (HMCS). The [[#HOTAS|hands on throttle and stick]] (HOTAS) system of the aircraft is also used for manipulating these systems, which is detailed in its own section and the sections relevant to specific HOTAS uses.<br />
<br />
==Sensor of Interest==<br />
In the F-16, either the HUD/HMCS, the left MFD, or the right MFD is the designated Sensor of Interest, or "SOI." The SOI is used to dictate what HOTAS buttons do what function. The SOI is changed via the Display Management Switch (DMS) on the stick - forward will assign SOI to the HUD/HMCS while aft will cycle SOI between the left and right MFDs. If an MFD is SOI, a white border around it is displayed. If the HUD is SOI, an asterisk is put in the upper left corner.<br />
<br />
==Multifunction Displays==<br />
The F-16 has two Multifunction Displays (MFDs) on the left and right sides of the cockpit: each has 5 option select buttons (OSBs) on all four sides. The MFDs can display various software pages to manipulate the aircraft's avionics. Up to three pages per MFD can be selected on either MFD for quick access via pushbutton or HOTAS. These three pages always occupy the bottom center three pushbutton areas. In addition to these, a universal declutter (DCLT) button is provided, which will declutter the symbology depending on the page, and a SWAP button, which simply swaps the two MFD's quick access pages and selected page.<br />
<br />
Selecting any of the three pushbuttons once they have already been selected prompts the main page menu. Any page can then be selected and will be filled at that pushbutton. That page can then be selected by either pressing the corresponding pushbutton or using the Display Management Switch (DMS) on the stick, and it will be highlighted. TMS LEFT and RIGHT respectively cycle the three quick access pages on the left/right MFDs in an outward fashion.<br />
<br />
==HUD==<br />
==HMCS==<br />
==UFC==<br />
===ICP===<br />
===DED===<br />
<br />
=Air-to-Air Radar=<br />
----<br />
The F-16C is equipped with the AN/APG-68 pulse Doppler radar. This section will cover its air-to-air (A/A) functionality for surveillance of aircraft and to provide A/A weapon systems guidance in engaging aerial targets. The A/A radar is accessed from the Fire Control Radar (FCR) page. This section will provide an overview of the Fire Control Radar page in Combined Radar Mode (CRM) and Air Combat Maneuvering (ACM) mode; these are the two air-to-air main modes of the FCR.<br />
<br />
==Trackfiles==<br />
The F-16 avionics display most radar target data as "trackfiles" - single objects in the air the computer determines to exist based on the return of one or more raw radar contacts. Trackfiles are displayed in Track While Scan and Single Target Track, and the designated target in the RWS Situational Awareness Mode (SAM) also displays as a trackfile.<br />
<br />
Trackfiles are represented by a triangle symbol, with a stem coming out of one corner of the trackfile to indicate its track (velocity) across the ground. Underneath the trackfile is displayed its altitude in thousands of feet.<br />
<br />
==FCR Page Overview==<br />
[[File:FCR Page Overview.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The Fire Control Radar page is presented in an azimuth over range format with the aircraft at the bottom center of the display. The range axis is displayed in a vertical format, where higher range is higher on the physical MFD screen. Azimuth is horizontal, where something at the center of the display is directly in front of the ownship aircraft, and accordingly left/right of it when left/right of the display center.<br />
#'''Radar Mode''' - This option allows for the selection of the A/A Combined Radar Mode (CRM) or Air Combat Maneuvering (ACM) mode, as well as any of the A/G radar modes (which is not covered in this section).<br />
#'''Sub-mode''' - In CRM, this toggles between the Range While Search (RWS) and Track While Scan (TWS) modes. In ACM, this toggles between the Boresight (BORE), 10° x 60° (60), and 30°x 20° (20) modes. These may alternatively be selected with the Target Management Switch (TMS) on the stick: TMS Right for more than 1.1 seconds will toggle between RWS/TWS in CRM, while in ACM TMS forward commands BORE, down commands 60, and right commands 20.<br />
#''Not yet implemented.''<br />
#''Not yet implemented.''<br />
#''Not yet implemented.''<br />
#''Not yet implemented.''<br />
#'''Azimuth Caret''' - This vertical "T" shaped indication indicates the current location of the radar antenna with respect to azimuth (left/right) of the aircraft. The azimuth is usually centered on a bearing relative to the aircraft itself except when in Situational Awareness Mode (SAM) or Single Target Track (STT). The tick marks each indicates 10° azimuth, with the center tick being 0° (60° left/right is the physical maximum).<br />
#'''Elevation Caret''' - This horizontal "T" shape indicates the current vertical elevation of the radar with respect to the horizon. The radar elevation is always stabilized to the horizon. The elevation is shifted up and down via the Antenna Elevation Knob on the throttle and may also change automatically as a result of the bar setting. Each blue tick mark indicates 10° above or below the horizon, with the middle tick being the horizon.<br />
#'''Bullseye Information''' - This arrow indicates the bearing from the aircraft to the bullseye. The number within indicates the bearing to the bullseye.<br />
#''Not yet implemented.''<br />
#'''Bar Setting''' - The radar antenna may automatically change position after each azimuth sweep to scan multiple elevations or "bars." The bar number corresponds to the number of different elevations scanned. The first bar is always the manually set elevation with the Antenna Elevation Knob, while the second and fourth bars are automatic and based off the manual setting of the first bar.<br />
#'''Azimuth Setting''' - The radar horizontal azimuth setting is set here. The number displayed is the left/right azimuth (i.e. half of the total) in tens of degrees (6=60°, total 120°). The azimuth may be set to 10°, 30°, or 60°. Placing the Acquisition Cursor at the very left or right edge of the FCR page will command a toggle between 30°/60°, although 10° requires manual pushbutton selection.<br />
#'''Range Scale''' - The scale of the FCR page may be set with these two arrows. The number represents the maximum range it displays in nautical miles. This setting is only what the page displays; the radar will always scan to the farthest distance possible. The available options are 5, 10, 20, 40, 80, and 160 nautical miles. Slewing the Acquisition Cursor to the bottom of the display will decrease the range while slewing up will increase the range, as a means of HOTAS range control.<br />
#'''Acquisition Cursor''' - This is a cursor controlled with the Cursor/Enable Switch on the throttle, used for acquiring tracks and contacts into either Single Target Track or Situational Awareness Mode. Two numbers are displayed to the right indicating the maximum and minimum altitudes in thousands of feet the radar can see at the point the cursor is placed; this naturally changes with the elevation setting.<br />
#'''Horizon Line''' - This line is always aligned with the horizon and indicates the pitch roll of the aircraft.<br />
#'''Steerpoint''' - The current steerpoint is indicated by this "wedding cake" shape.<br />
#'''Scan Limit Lines''' - When the scan azimuth is, under any circumstance except Single Target Track, less than 60° two blue lines indicate the area covered with the current azimuth setting. The azimuth center can be slewed with the Acquisition Cursor by simply "pushing" either lines left or right with the cursor.<br />
<br />
==CRM Submodes==<br />
===Range While Search (RWS)===<br />
[[File:RWS.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
Range While Search (RWS) provides the largest scan volume selection available and is designed for surveillance of a large area. With its Situational Awareness Mode (SAM), it also allows for weapons guidance.<br />
#'''Raw Contacts''' - "Raw" radar contacts are displayed as hollow squares. As a contact 'ages' (the time passed since it has been swept over by the antenna), it visually fades and will eventually disappear. These are the raw returns of the radar, and as such multiple raw contacts may be a single aerial target.<br />
<br />
====Situational Awareness Mode (SAM)====<br />
Situational Awareness Mode (SAM) is a Range While Search function which allows for a contact to be designated, which will then center the scan azimuth on it and display it as a trackfile as opposed to a raw contact. Weapon guidance is available in SAM mode on the designated trackfile; as the radar continues to scan it will continue to display other raw contacts.<br />
<br />
SAM is entered by slewing the Acquisition Cursor over a contact and pressing TMS forward. The cursor is then slaved onto the trackfile. Normal RWS can be returned to via TMS aft.<br />
<br />
===Track While Scan (TWS)===<br />
''Not yet implemented.''<br />
<br />
==ACM Submodes==<br />
==Single Target Track (STT)==<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
==A/A Radar HUD Indications==<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
=Air-to-Air Weapons=<br />
The F-16C Viper carries a variety of Air-to-Air weapons that are mainly missiles. These weapons are to be included as these categories.<br />
<br />
==AIM-120 AMRAAM==<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
==AIM-9 Sidewinder==<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Air Gun==<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
=Air-to-Ground Weapons=<br />
WIP.</div>Siriushttps://wiki.hoggitworld.com/index.php?title=F-14A/B&diff=10696F-14A/B2019-10-03T11:55:17Z<p>Sirius: /* Speed Brake */</p>
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<br />
<div class="alert alert-info" role="alert"><br />
'''NOTE:''' This guide is currently under a work-in-progress (WIP) state. If you have any information pertaining to the topics or feedback, please relay them over to Sirius#0002 on Discord, or in the Hoggit Discord #wiki-discussion channel. Thanks!<br />
<br />
This page is focused on the DCS World F-14A/B Tomcat module, which is still in Early Access. Some information may be missing.<br />
</div><br />
<br />
The Grumman '''F-14A/B''' Tomcat is a two-seat, twin-engine supersonic variable wing-sweep fighter aircraft. The F-14 was the first US fighter jet with twin tails and was the largest & heaviest US fighter to ever fly from an aircraft carrier. The reason that the F-14 was so incredibly large and heavy was that it carried the large AWG-9 radar and accompanying AIM-54 Phoenix (air-to-air) missiles: this very capable combination allowed the F-14 to make shots of up to 200 nautical miles at the bad guys. Also, being big means you can carry a lot of fuel!<br />
<br />
Of course, the practical range of the AWG-9 is rather more limited, especially if you are shooting at more maneuverable fighter-sized targets, but even at these closer ranges, the AIM-54 Phoenix is still a capable missile that should not be underestimated. The F-14 is also capable of carrying an array of air-to-ground weapons, such as dumb bombs in both high and low drag forms, air-to-ground Zuni rockets and even laser-guided bombs, which can be self-designated using the LANTIRN targeting pod on the F-14.<br />
<br />
Most people will recognize and adore the F-14 because of its stardom presence in that one weird volleyball movie from the '80s. Its on-screen presence in movies will make the F-14 to appear docile and easy to fly, but due to lack of a fly-by-wire the F-14 can be a real handful: it being a pilot's aircraft however makes it fun to fly and learn. The analogous nature of the F-14 (comparable to the F-5E II Tigershark) will give you a good knowledge of the airplane over time but requires a bit of a different mindset that the computerized flight of the F/A-18C and the F-15.<br />
<br />
__TOC__<br />
<br />
=Weapons List=<br />
----<br />
==Implemented==<br />
Partially or fully implemented weapons of the F14/A/B Tomcat:<br />
* M61 Vulcan Six-Barreled Gatling Gun<br />
* AIM-7M/F Sparrow<br />
* CAP/AIM-9M Sidewinder<br />
* AIM-54A Phoenix Mk. 60<br />
* AIM-54C Phoenix Mk. 47<br />
* Mk-81, 82, 83, and 84 <br />
* GBU-10, 12, 16, and 24 <br />
* MK-20 Rockeye<br />
* Zuni Rockets<br />
* BDU-33 Practice Bombs<br />
* ADM-141 TALD<br />
* LUU-2 Parachute Flare<br />
* Smokewinder<br />
* LANTIRN Pod<br />
* FPU-1 Fuel Tank<br />
<br />
==Planned==<br />
Weapons not yet implemented into the Tomcat:<br />
* TARPS Pod<br />
<br />
=Hands On Throttle And Stick (HOTAS)=<br />
----<br />
==Throttle==<br />
[[File:throttle.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The throttle of the F-14 Tomcat consists of 2 quadrants, both for the left and right engines. There is an afterburner detent along with a cutoff detent for maximum throttle and shutdown of the engine for each quadrant.<br />
<br />
The throttle has the following controls:<br />
# '''Speed Brake Switch:''' 2-position switch. "EXT" is a momentary and needed input position that extends the speed brake outward depending on the aircraft speed.<br />
# '''Wing Sweep Switch:''' 4-way hat switch. "AUTO" sets the wing to sweep automatically determined by an onboard computer, "BOMB" sets the wing to sweep in an angled position between fully extended and retracted and dependent on speed for the air-to-ground bombing.<br />
# '''PLM Button:''' multifunction button. When the steering command is in A2A mode, this acts as a pilot lock-on tool for the AWG-9 radar. But when used for landing and/or in the LDG steering command mode, this allows for disengagement of the ACLS.<br />
# '''CAGE/SEAM Button:''' multifunction button. When the steering command is in A2A mode, this allows for CAGE/SEAM lock-on of the AIM-9 Sidewinder. But when used for landing and/or in the LDG steering command mode, this allows for disengagement of the APC.<br />
# '''Exterior Light Switch:''' 2-position switch. Used to toggle the exterior lights of the aircraft.<br />
# '''ICS PTT Switch:''' 2-position switch. Acts as a push-to-talk system for the ICS system inside of the aircraft used between the Pilot and RIO. (or JESTER AI)<br />
<br />
==Control Stick==<br />
[[File:stick.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The control stick is located in the center of the cockpit, mounted onto the floor. Left and right movements of the control stick direct hydraulic movement to the spoilers and horizontal stabilizers of the aircraft. Forward and backward movement result to respectively the same but to the horizontal stabilizers.<br />
<br />
The control stick has the following controls:<br />
# '''Bomb Release Button:''' single-purpose button. When pressed in A2G steering command mode, all pylons selected with bombs will release respective of the ripple settings, type, and interval.<br />
# '''Trim Hat:''' 4-way hat switch. Upward movement moves the aircraft downward, and downward movement moves the aircraft upward. Both left and right movements follow to their directions according to their name.<br />
# '''Weapon Select Hat:''' 4-way hat switch. Bottom selection is OFF, and a ridge requires a momentary push action to move in/out of to GUN. Following all to the top are SW, then SP/PH which requires a momentary push action to switch between.<br />
# '''DLC & Maneuver Flap Command Wheel:''' scrollable dial. Moving it with the landing gears fully deployed acts as a variable control for spoiler extension. With the landing gears up, the dial also acts the same but for flaps and slats.<br />
# '''DLC Engage/Disengage & CMS Dispense Button:''' multifunction button. When pressed with the landing gears fully deployed, this controls the engagement and disengagement of the DLC system. But with the landing gears fully retracted, this allows for pilot control of the CMS system.<br />
# '''Autopilot Reference & NWS Button:''' multifunction button. When the aircraft is up in the air, this controls specific autopilot settings. But when the aircraft is on the ground, this controls the activation of the nosewheel steering system.<br />
# '''Autopilot Emergency Disengage Paddle:''' multifunction button. Disengages all autopilot modes and DLC and releases all autopilot switches and roll and pitch SAS switches to OFF position.<br />
# '''Weapon Firing Trigger:''' two-stage trigger switch. The first detent enables CTVS and gun camera. Second detent releases selected forwards firing the weapon.<br />
<br />
=Flight Controls & Landing Gear=<br />
----<br />
==Flight Controls==<br />
[[File:Wheels-flaps.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The F-14B has a large hydraulic system which covers for all of the control surfaces of the aircraft. Without the hydraulic system, or taking damage the controls are in risk of improperly working. The F-14 Tomcat was the last of its generation to have no integration of an FBW or FCS system, which was introduced with the F-15 Eagle.<br />
<br />
The F-14's primary flight controls are:<br />
* '''Left Spoilers (LES):''' A set of spoilers that lie within the left wing of the aircraft that help with aileron movement and control that react opposite of the intended direction.<br />
* '''Right Spoilers (RES):''' A set of spoilers that lie within the right wing of the aircraft that help with aileron movement and control that react opposite of the intended direction.<br />
* '''Tailerons (TAIL):''' Two horizontal stabilizers located on the rear end of the aircraft that control both pitch and aileron movement.<br />
* '''Leading Edge Flaps (LEF):''' Normal slats located on the leading (front) edge of the wings to add lift.<br />
* '''Trailing Edge Flaps (TEF):''' Normal flaps located on the trailing (back) edge of the wings to add lift.<br />
<br />
<br />
The control stick controls the stabilators, ailerons, and rudder and the rudder pedals control the rudder.<br />
<br />
===Flaps System===<br />
The aircraft's flap system provides more lift (and as a byproduct, drag). The flaps lever has two positions:<br />
* '''NONE:''' This applies no flap whatsoever to the wings of the aircraft.<br />
* '''FULL:''' This applies full movement of flaps to the wings of the aircraft.<br />
<br />
<br />
The flaps lever allows for variable movement, which gives the pilot the ability to control the amount of flap they wish for.<br />
<br />
===Speed Brake===<br />
The speed brake is 2 flaps located on the end of the aircraft designed to provide drag to decelerate faster. It is activated via the speed brake switch on the throttle. The two positions are:<br />
* '''EXT:''' When the switch is moved aft, this extends the speed brake of the aircraft out depending on the airspeed.<br />
* '''RET:''' When the switch is moved forward, this retracts the speed brake.<br />
<br />
===Trim===<br />
The tailerons are capable of being trimmed to make roll and pitch corrections. This is accomplished with the trim hat on the controls stick. When the autopilot system is engaged, the onboard computer will attempt to make active trim movements in order to keep the aircraft within the specified attitude when set, along of the setting parameters. As speed is either gained or lost, the trim will actively move the stick as well along of the tailerons to adapt.<br />
<br />
===Wing Sweep===<br />
The wings of the aircraft are a variable-sweep design allowing for automatic or manual movements from pilot input on the right throttle quadrant. Similar to wing fold, the wings are able to be overswept from its maximum position through a master reset of the system in order to allow tighter space and closer parking on the carrier deck.<br />
<br />
==Landing Gear==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat has 3 retractable landing gears: the nose gear, the left gear, and the right gear. The gear is moved via the gear lever on the left side of the cockpit. In the up position, the gear will retract. In the down position, the gear will extend. The gear lever cannot be put up with weight on wheels. The gear will not retract with the launch bar extended.<br />
<br />
===Nosewheel Steering===<br />
The nose gear features nosewheel steering (NWS) controlled by the rudder pedals. With the weight off of the wheels, it is disengaged. It automatically engages upon there being the weight on wheels. NWS is disengaged manually via the button on the stick.<br />
<br />
===Launch Bar===<br />
On the front nosegear is a launch bar that attaches the airplane to a catapult from launches from an aircraft carrier. Its deployment is pilot-controlled, but it is connected to the catapult by the ground crew (DCS default binding is U).<br />
<br />
It is controlled via the launch bar switch on the left upper console. When the switch in the RETRACT position, the launch bar will retract, but physically cannot do so when connected to the catapult. The switch will move to the RETRACT position automatically when there is a weight off wheels. In the EXTEND position, the launch bar will extend if there is the weight on wheels.<br />
<br />
=Autopilot and Autothrottle=<br />
----<br />
The F-14 Tomcat has the ability to automate certain types of flight via its Automatic Flight Control System (AFCS) and Automatic Throttle Control (ATC). The AFCS, or simply the autopilot, control the flight surfaces and the ATC controls the throttles.<br />
<br />
==AFCS==<br />
[[File:afcs.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The Automatic Flight Control System (AFCS), or just the "autopilot", controls the aircraft's flight controls to automate maneuvering. It is interfaced on the autopilot panel via the A/P engage switch. On the autopilot panel, there are 7 modes able to be toggled:<br />
# '''Pitch Stabilizer Augmentation:''' 2-position switch. This switch controls the ability for the pitch to be augmented for dampening.<br />
# '''Roll Stabilizer Augmentation:''' 2-position switch. This switch controls the ability for the roll to be augmented for dampening.<br />
# '''Yaw Stabilizer Augmentation:''' 2-position switch. This switch controls the ability for the yaw to be augmented for dampening.<br />
# '''VEC/PCD/ACL Switch:''' 3-position switch. This switch controls the remote control modes of autopilot with the steering bars and ACLS.<br />
# '''ALT Switch:''' 2-position switch.' This switch controls the ability to maintain the current altitude when autopilot is engaged.<br />
# '''HDG/GT Switch:''' 3-position switch. This switch controls the ability to maintain the current heading when autopilot is engaged.<br />
# '''ENGAGE Switch:''' 2-position switch. This switch engages and disengages the autopilot.<br />
<br />
==ATC==<br />
The automatic throttle control (ATC), or just "autothrottle", controls the physical throttles and thereby automated thrust control. ATC is toggled via ATC engage/disengage switch next to the throttle. When the ATC is engaged, the physical means of the throttle quadrants will begin to move on their own. However, whenever the pilot makes any new movement to the throttle whatsoever, the ATC will disengage to allow pilot control over both of the engines. The ATC is primarily used for landing on a carrier along with the ACLS system. ATC will disengage upon front wheel contact on a hard surface, such as an aircraft carrier deck or runway.<br />
<br />
=Digital Systems Overview=<br />
----<br />
[[File:displays.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
==Pilot==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat comes with 2 digital display screens in the Pilot cockpit:<br />
* '''Vertical Display Indicator (VDI):''' a multifunction display that allows for the pilot to see their HUD in a form of a repeater, and the [[#Television Camera Set|TCS]].<br />
* '''Horizontal Situation Display Indicator (HSD):''' a multifunction display that allows for the pilot to see their virtual compass for navigation modes, and the [[#AWG-9 Pulse-Doppler Radar|AWG-9 Radar]] from the RIO TID as a repeater.<br />
<br />
===Heads Up Display===<br />
The head-up display (HUD) is a projected display at the front of the cockpit that serves as the primary flight instrument. It also provides various indications for weapon delivery; this section will cover the HUD's indications in NAV master mode. Master mode/weapon-specific indications on the HUD will be covered in the relevant section.<br />
<br />
====Reject Modes====<br />
Via the switches next to the TO button on the displays panel, you are able to "declutter" or remove information off of the HUD.<br />
<br />
==Radar Intercept Officer==<br />
The Radar Intercept Officer (RIO) comes with 3 digital display screens in the RIO cockpit:<br />
* '''Detail Data Display (DDD):''' a dual-purpose display that allows for the RIO to see contacts on the [[#AWG-9 Pulse-Doppler Radar|radar]], based on the range and radar mode.<br />
* '''Tactical Information Display (TID):''' a multi-purpose display that allows for the RIO to see their [[#AWG-9 Pulse-Doppler Radar|AWG-9]] situational awareness, [[#Television Camera Set|TCS]], [[#TARPS Pod|TARPS]] and [[#LANTIRN Targeting Pod|LANTIRN]] pods.<br />
* '''Horizontal Situation Display Indicator (HSD):''' a multi-purpose display as to the one in the pilot cockpit.<br />
<br />
==Master Modes==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat has 5 primarily modes for information displayed. The 5 master modes are:<br />
* '''TO:''' switch. Displays takeoff information on HUD and VDI for degrees.<br />
* '''CRUISE:''' single-purpose button. Displays in-air flight information on HUD and VDI for degrees.<br />
* '''A/A:''' single-purpose button. Displays air-to-air information on HUD and VDI for degrees; and weapon employment.<br />
* '''A/G:''' single-purpose button. Displays air-to-ground information on HUD and VDI for degrees; and weapon employment.<br />
* '''LDG:''' single-purpose button. Displays landing information on HUD and VDI for degrees.<br />
<br />
<br />
Additionally, the F-14 Tomcat has an Air Combat Maneuver (ACM) panel which controls all air-to-air and air-to-ground aspects for armament.<br />
<br />
=Navigation=<br />
----<br />
The F-14 Tomcat has an inertial navigation system (INS) that allows the pilot to navigate by internal gyros aligned. However, due to the fault of having no GPS assistance, these gyros slowly drift over time and cause misalignment for visual information.<br />
<br />
==HSD==<br />
[[File:Hsd.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The Horizontal Situation Display Indicator (HSD) is the primary interface with the airplane's navigation systems. The HSI can be accessed from the bottom display screen. The basic function of the HSI is a rotating compass with a looking-from-above perspective. The controls for this screen are:<br />
# '''BRT Control:''' dial. Controls the brightness of the HSD screen.<br />
# '''HDG Control:''' dial. Controls the heading reference in TACAN mode.<br />
# '''CRS Control:''' dial. Controls the course heading reference in MAN and TACAN modes.<br />
# '''Test Button:''' single-purpose button. Resets the HSD screen if overload protection activates.<br />
# '''BIT Indicator:''' light. Shows a white light if a failure produces in the HSD.<br />
<br />
=== Steering Commands ===<br />
The HSD comes with a set of 5 different steering commands, which each have their own purpose towards displaying certain information:<br />
* '''TACAN:''' single-purpose button. Displays information based off of a radio beacon with range and direction.<br />
* '''DEST:''' single-purpose button. Displays information off of a selected waypoint from the RIO with range and direction.<br />
* '''AWL/PCD:''' single-purpose button. Displays information off of an ICLS frequency with azimuth and elevation bars (on VDI and HUD)<br />
* '''VEC:''' single-purpose button. ? (needs more info.)<br />
* '''MAN:''' single-purpose button. Displays information off of an entered heading (HDG Control) with direction.<br />
<br />
==Waypoints==<br />
The F-14B comes with an onboard flight computer system that handles waypoint navigation during in-air flight. The navigation system in the F-14B Tomcat gives a variety of waypoint holders, along with information for a set home plate.<br />
<br />
===Pilot===<br />
For the F-14B pilot, the waypoint information is able to be accessed by the DEST steering command and by using the NAV HSD display mode.<br />
<br />
===Radar Intercept Officer===<br />
For the F-14B Radar Intercept Officer, (RIO) the waypoints must be manually assigned by the RIO through the Computer Address Panel (CAP) system under the TAC DATA category. Once done, the waypoint must be selected through the CAP and entered in with coordinates similar to how INS alignment procedures are done.<br />
<br />
==TACAN==<br />
Tactical Air Navigation (TACAN) is a military radio navigation system. A TACAN beacon allows for an aircraft to determine its bearing and range from it, and using this information can navigate. TACAN's may be ground-based or be broadcasted by an airplane. TACAN channels have two bands, X and Y, and range from 1-126. 2 TACAN channels may be set present in the aircraft by both the Pilot and RIO for simultaneous use.<br />
<br />
The TACAN setting knobs give a range of these options:<br />
*'''T/R:''' Transmit and receive. Gets bearing and range from the TACAN.<br />
*'''RCV:''' Receive. Gets bearing from the TACAN.<br />
*'''A/A:''' Air-to-air TACAN mode.<br />
*'''X:''' Tunes the selected frequency on the X band.<br />
*'''Y:''' Tunes the selected frequency on the Y band.<br />
<br />
==ICLS==<br />
For night and low visibility operations, aircraft carriers have an Instrument Carrier Landing System (ICLS) to allow for instrument approaches to the carrier. ICLS provides horizontal and vertical guidance. The F-14 is equipped with ICLS.<br />
<br />
To activate the airplane's ICLS antenna, an ICLS dial is present to the right of the warning lights advisory panel, with an ARA on/off switch, used to toggle power to the system.<br />
<br />
When ILS is selected on the HSI, two bars, one horizontal and one vertical, appear near the velocity vector on the HUD. These indicate a vertical and horizontal deviation from the optimal glideslope (3°) and course to the deck. When they are both aligned with the velocity vector (making a "+"), the aircraft is on course.<br />
<br />
==ACLS==<br />
For CAT III conditions and poor visibility, the F-14 is equipped with the Automatic Carrier Landing System (ACLS) to allow an automatic flight to the carrier via. a radio-guided input from a Landing Signal Officer. (LSO) The auto-throttle and autopilot systems must be engaged and present during the time of activation with this system, along with lights given to the left of the VDI display.<br />
<br />
Datalink is required between the aircraft and the carrier in order for ACLS to work. When the best position of the azimuth and glideslope bars are within parameters, the nosewheel steering button is pressed in order to engage guidance.<br />
<br />
==Navigation Failures==<br />
The F-14B has a variety of navigation failures that may/can occur, including methods to fix them.<br />
<br />
===Navigation Fix Update===<br />
An error of latitude or longitude in the computer position of the aircraft can be corrected by a navigation fix update. Updating is especially important in the backup modes (AHRS AM and IMU/ AM) because of the estimated winds and magnetic variation changes. A nav fix is done via a ground-reference-point (latitude and longitude) position. The range and bearing of this position to the present aircraft position are used to update or correct existing values. The nav system may be updated by either a radar fix, a TACAN fix, or a visual fix.<br />
<br />
Before performing a nav fix, the latitude and longitude of the desired update point (radar, TACAN, or visual) must be stored in one of eight navigation point locations (three WPs, FIX PT, HOME BASE, HOST AREA, DEF PT, and IP). This data can be stored prior to flight by data link or by manual insertion. Then follow these steps:<br />
<br />
# Hook the Waypoint you choose to select for the nav fix.<br />
# Check the stored latitude and longitude on the TID.<br />
# Rotate the CATEGORY switch to NAV and select the desired type of update.<br />
<br />
<br />
Note that updating the position while in INS, and to a lesser degree while in IMU, can introduce a greater navigational position error than already present, in particular, if radar fix is used to update the nav system. Updates with a visual or TACAN fix provide reasonable accuracy (assuming a good MAG VAR during TACAN updates). Updating your nav system via a nav fix should be primarily used in the AHRS mode.<br />
<br />
===Radar Fix Update===<br />
An RDR FIX may be selected before or after positioning the DDD cursors. If the RDR FIX button is depressed, the computer computes the present position of the aircraft by measuring the range and bearing from the selected point. The delta between the computer position and the position determined by the INS is then displayed on the TID. If the entry of this delta into the navigation computations is desired, press the FIX ENABLE button. If the delta does not appear to be correct, the computer and the readout can be cleared by pressing the RDR FIX button. The fix may then be attempted again. The RIO should also perform periodic checks of own aircraft system altitude and update the altitude if necessary.<br />
<br />
Radar updating is performed as follows:<br />
<br />
# TID CURSOR/CAP - Hook Desired Navigation Point for Update.<br />
# PULSE SRCH button - Depress.<br />
# On sensor control panel: STAB switch - IN. EL BARS switch - 1. AZ SCAN switch - As Desired.<br />
# RDR FIX button - Depress.<br />
# DDD CURSOR button - Depress.<br />
# Action switch - Half Action (first detent).<br />
# Cursor is displayed on DDD.<br />
# Manipulate hand control DDD cursor over desired ground map point.<br />
# Action switch - Full Action and Release. (This will cause the DDD cursor to remain at the selected position.<br />
# Observe the delta for LAT and LONG on TID.<br />
# If readouts are unsatisfactory, deselect RDR FIX and repeat steps 4 through 12.<br />
# FIX ENABLE button - Depress.<br />
<br />
===TACAN Update===<br />
To perform a nav fix by TACAN requires that a restored waypoint shares identical LAT and LONG values with the TACAN station that will be used for the fix. Select the TACAN channel for the desired station and verify by listening to the coded identifier tone in the headset.<br />
<br />
Press the TACAN FIX button to update the aircraft position from a TACAN station. The WCS computer then calculates the own aircraft position error based on the range and bearing from the TACAN station. The delta is then entered in the same manner as with a radar fix.<br />
<br />
Perform a TACAN fix following these steps:<br />
<br />
# Select a TACAN channel whose latitude and longitude correspond to an update point.<br />
# Hook desired update point (WAYPT 1, FIX PT, HOME BASE, etc.).<br />
# CATEGORY switch - NAV.<br />
# TACAN FIX button - Depress.<br />
# Observe present position delta readout.<br />
# If delta is unsatisfactory, deselect TACAN FIX and repeat steps 2 through 7.<br />
# FIX ENABLE button - Depress.<br />
<br />
===Visual Update===<br />
To perform a visual fix, fly over a restored waypoint and press the VIS FIX button. Estimate your timing, because the aircraft nose and fuselage can obscure the fixed point during an overflight. It is also difficult to estimate when directly overhead a waypoint if the aircraft altitude is greater than 10.000 feet. The delta for the visual fix is displayed on the TID. Enter the delta by pressing FIX ENABLE.<br />
<br />
To perform a visual fix use the following steps:<br />
<br />
# Hook desired update point (WAY PT, HB, IP, etc.).<br />
# Select NAV category on CAP.<br />
# Overfly the selected restored point and when over the point, depress the VIS FIX button on the cap.<br />
# If the delta is not satisfactory, press VIS FIX again to clear the delta and repeat from step 1.<br />
# If a satisfactory delta is displayed, depress the FIX ENABLE button; this causes the delta correction of own-aircraft position to be inserted into the computer.<br />
<br />
===Datalink Update===<br />
To perform a data link update of the aircraft INS to the TDS frame of reference, the aircraft and TDS must share a prebriefed waypoint, identical in latitude and longitude. Enter this LAT/LONG data into the HOST AREA pseudo target file. The TDS will uplink the common reference point as a data link waypoint. When the aircraft and TDS INS systems agree, the data link waypoint and host area symbols will be superimposed on the TID. If they drift apart, the two pseudo targets on the TID will drift as well.<br />
<br />
To perform an update via data link, use the following steps:<br />
<br />
# Hook data link waypoint corresponding prebriefed reference point.<br />
# Select NAV category on CAP.<br />
# Overfly the hooked data link waypoint. When immediately over the point, press VIS FIX button on CAP.<br />
# Observe delta LAT and LONG on TID.<br />
# If deltas are satisfactory and update is desired, depress FIX ENABLE.<br />
# After a data link update, HOST AREA and data link waypoint should be superimposed on the TID again.<br />
<br />
===Fighter-to-Fighter Navigation Update===<br />
Net aircraft that use fighter-to-fighter data link can update their navigation system in the FF/DL mode. To update LAT/LONG hook the net aircraft symbol of an aircraft that is in close proximity and select F/F NAV UPDATE on the CAP. This will enter the hooked aircraft’s coordinates into the INS as own-aircraft coordinates. To update the nav system on an aircraft that is not close, first obtain a radar STT on that aircraft, hook the STT-ed aircraft on the TID and then press F/F NAV UPDATE on the CAP.<br />
<br />
=Defensive Systems=<br />
----<br />
The F-14B is equipped with various defensive systems: the AN/ALE-39 Countermeasure Dispensing System (CMDS), for the release of chaff and flares, the AN/ALQ-126 Deception ECM (DECM), for jamming enemy radar, and the AN/ALR-67 Radar Warning Reciever (RWR), for detection of enemy radar emitters and missile launches.<br />
<br />
==AN/ALR-67 RWR==<br />
[[File:alr-67.png|thumb|400px]]<br />
The AN/ALR-67 Radar Warning Receiver (RWR) provides the Hornet the ability to detect radars via the radio/microwave radiation they emit.<br />
<br />
===Audio Tones===<br />
Accompanying the RWR are various audio feedback tones:<br />
*'''Single Beep:''' A new ground- or sea-based emitter has been detected.<br />
*'''Double Beep:''' A new airborne emitter has been detected.<br />
*'''Repeating Beep:''' An emitter is tracking.<br />
*'''Faster Repeating Beep:''' An emitter is guiding a missile or is a missile.<br />
<br />
<br />
On the RWR gauge, the RWR knob will control the volume of the RWR tones.<br />
<br />
===Emitter Identifiers===<br />
''This list is, at present, not complete.''<br />
{|class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"<br />
!Type<br />
!RWR ID<br />
|-<br />
|U<br />
|Unknown<br />
|-<br />
|M<br />
|Active radar-homing missile<br />
|-<br />
|S<br />
|Search radar<br />
|-<br />
|3<br />
|SA-3 "Goa"<br />
|-<br />
|6<br />
|SA-6 "Gainful"<br />
|-<br />
|8<br />
|SA-8 "Gecko"<br />
|-<br />
|10<br />
|SA-10 "Grumble"<br />
|-<br />
|11<br />
|SA-11 "Gadfly"<br />
|-<br />
|11<br />
|F-111 Aardvark<br />
|-<br />
|12<br />
|SA-12 "Gladiator"<br />
|-<br />
|13<br />
|SA-13 "Gopher"<br />
|-<br />
|13<br />
|C-130 Hercules<br />
|-<br />
|14<br />
|F-14 Tomcat<br />
|-<br />
|15<br />
|F-15 Eagle<br />
|-<br />
|15 <br />
|SA-15 "Gauntlet"<br />
|-<br />
|16<br />
|F-16 Fighting Falcon<br />
|-<br />
|17<br />
|C-17 Globemaster III<br />
|-<br />
|18<br />
|F/A-18 Hornet<br />
|-<br />
|22<br />
|Tu-22 "Blinder"<br />
|-<br />
|23<br />
|MiG-23 "Flogger"<br />
|-<br />
|24<br />
|Su-24 "Fencer"<br />
|-<br />
|25<br />
|MiG-25 "Foxbat"<br />
|-<br />
|29<br />
|MiG-29 "Fulcrum"<br />
|-<br />
|29<br />
|Su-27 "Flanker"<br />
|-<br />
|29<br />
|Su-33 "Flanker-D"<br />
|-<br />
|30<br />
|Su-30 "Flanker-C"<br />
|-<br />
|31<br />
|MiG-31 "Foxhound"<br />
|-<br />
|34<br />
|Su-34 "Fullback"<br />
|-<br />
|39<br />
|Su-25M "Frogfoot"<br />
|-<br />
|40<br />
|''Spruance''-class destroyer<br />
|-<br />
|48<br />
|''Nimitz''-class carrier<br />
|-<br />
|49<br />
|''Oliver Hazard Perry''-class frigate<br />
|-<br />
|50<br />
|A-50 "Mainstay"<br />
|-<br />
|52<br />
|B-52 Stratofortress<br />
|-<br />
|76<br />
|IL-76 "Candid"<br />
|-<br />
|78<br />
|IL-78 "Midas"<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==AN/ALE-39 CMDS==<br />
[[File:f14 cms.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The AN/ALE-39 is the countermeasures dispensing set installed in the F-14B in this simulation. It controls its own set of launchers located between the engine nozzles on the underside of the so-called beaver-tail. The launchers each have two sections, one containing 10 cartridges and the other 20. They are referred to the left and right dispensers even though the left is really the front one and the right the back one with both being mounted inline on the left side of the tailhook. This is a remnant from the earliest model F-14s carrying the AN/ALE-29.<br />
<br />
This all sums up to a capacity of 60 cartridges in the system with each section necessarily holding one type of cartridges meaning that any combination of cartridges is possible as long as each type’s quantity is a multiple of 10. The system itself has no real knowledge of what is loaded where so incorrectly programming the system can lead to the wrong type of cartridge being ejected.<br />
<br />
===Cockpit Controls===<br />
The system itself can be operated manually from the control panel in the RIO pit or the DLC thumbwheel on the pilot stick when the flaps lever is in the up position. It is also capable of running programmed sequences of ejection which in turn can be initiated manually by the RIO from the control panel or the direction hats mounted on the handhold over the DDD. In addition, the AN/ALR-67 can also initiate the chaff ejection program if set up correctly on the AN/ALE-39 control panel.<br />
<br />
==AN/ALQ-126 DECM==<br />
The AN/ALQ-126 deception jammer is designed to detect radar threats, analyze them, select the optimum countermeasure technique available and apply it. Available techniques for jamming are amongst others, main lobe blanking, inverse con-scan, range-gate pull-off and swept square modes. In DCS this is modeled as a simple noise jammer due to engine limitations but controlled by the DECM logic as to when it’s on or off.<br />
<br />
===Cockpit Controls===<br />
The controls for the AN/ALQ-126 DECM are all located on the right horizontal panel in the RIO pit, the panel as the image above. In addition, there are two indication lights co-located with the RWR threat indicators on the right side of the TID. The mode selector knob controls power and operational mode that the system is in. The modes for the DECM are as follows:<br />
<br />
* '''OFF:''' turns off power to the system. STBY begins pre-warming of the system, taking in all-around 5 minutes.<br />
* '''TEST HOLD 3 SEC:''' is used to prepare the system for BIT, after 3 seconds in this mode, turn the knob to TEST - ACT.<br />
* '''TEST ACT:''' starts the BIT in the system. The BIT takes approximately 30 seconds and the RCV light will be illuminated the whole time while the XMIT light will flash twice. If the STANDBY light illuminates it indicates that a no-go condition exists in the system.<br />
* '''REC:''' enables the system to receive the only mode, enabling analyzation of threats and also the threat audio.<br />
* '''RPT:''' enables full system functionality, in addition to REC it also now tries to jam threats according to the selected method.<br />
<br />
=Television Camera Set=<br />
----<br />
[[File:tcs_symbology.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The F-14B is outfitted with the ALQ-100 Television Camera Set (TCS) pod, used for visually identifying aircraft during the time of which IFF was not a trusted/more inferior method to confirming hostile aircraft and to keep track of their position, as well as their living status.<br />
<br />
==Symbology==<br />
On the TID, in non-TV mode, a TCS track is indicated by a 1.5” strobe at TCS LOS azimuth with a hollow circle at the end.<br />
<br />
The symbology on the video feed from the TCS has indicators for the FOV and two crosshairs indicating TCS LOS relative own aircraft, GACH, and AN/AWG-9 radar LOS relative TCS LOS, RACH. Additionally, the track window is indicated by 4 small squares representing each corner of that window.<br />
<br />
The gimbal angle crosshairs or GACH, which is a solid cross, indicate deflection of the TCS LOS from the aircraft datum line, ADL. GACH crosshair in the center indicates TCS LOS along ADL and deflection towards the edges indicate deflection towards the gimbal limits with the video edges being maximum deflection.<br />
<br />
RACH or radar angle crosshairs, a dashed crosshair, indicate radar antenna LOS when inside the current TCS FOV. When the sensors slave to one another RACH and GACH will coincide creating a single solid crosshair.<br />
<br />
The track window indicates the area that the TCS contrast tracker is currently locked on to if it has acquired a target. When not in an active track these squares collapse into the center of the display being 2% of the screen width when in manual mode and 5% when in an auto mode.<br />
<br />
=LANTIRN Targeting Pod=<br />
----<br />
[[File:flir.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The F-14B can carry the AN/AAQ-14 Low Altitude Navigation and Targeting Infrared For Night (LANTIRN) targeting pod. This pod consists of a Forward-Looking Infrared (FLIR) camera (which also includes a digital charged coupled device camera) for target locating and observing, a Laser Target Designator/Ranger for firing a laser that both designates targets for laser-homing weapons and gathers ranging information for designating whatever the FLIR is pointed at as an air-to-ground, and a Laser Spot Tracker (LST) which can search for and track a laser, allowing for the FLIR to be cued onto an offboard (ground or air-designated) laser from another unit and then designate a Target off said point; this allows for most effective buddy-lasing. The targeting pod can be used in both air-to-ground and air-to-air functions, but the LTD/R and LST are only used for A/G operation.<br />
<br />
==Symbology==<br />
The following areas on the LANTIRN are to represent:<br />
# '''A/C Position Data:''' Displays aircraft LAT/LON, altitude, and groundspeed information.<br />
# '''LANTIRN Polarity:''' Displays white or hot background. AGC is for automatic gain control, MGC is for manual gain control.<br />
# '''LANTIRN Information:''' Gives general information on the pod. SR is for slant range, AZ/EL for azimuth/elevation of sight, and rest is UTC time.<br />
# '''LANTIRN Track Mode:''' Displays the current tracking mode. A/A is for air-to-air, A/G is for air-to-ground. Right side is for current selected weapon.<br />
# '''Track Data:''' Displays information of LAT/LON and altitude of where the sight is at.<br />
# '''Track:''' Displays the hairs for point and area track, and what the sight is directly pointed at.<br />
# '''Launch Envelopes:''' The top tape is for the heading relative of the aircraft to the track. The right side tape is for the release point.<br />
<br />
=TARPS Pod=<br />
----<br />
Not yet implemented.<br />
<br />
=Air-to-Air Radar=<br />
----<br />
==Detail Data Display==<br />
[[File:f14 ddd.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
Among the 3 digital displays, the Detail Data Display gives the RIO information about contacts from the AWG-9 radar in terms of range and radar mode, with respect to the notch filter.<br />
<br />
===Notch Filter===<br />
The AWG-9 radar in the F-14B Tomcat has a notch filter when using the pulse-doppler radar modes under certain conditions. These conditions include, but are not limited to:<br />
<br />
* ~100 knot difference of the aircraft relative to contact<br />
* Contact flying 90 degrees perpendicular CW/CCW to aircraft<br />
* Masking with ground terrain scan return<br />
<br />
<br />
There is a rough line shown in the radar modes, likewise of the jamming lobe, for when considering the notch filter that the contact will disappear from.<br />
<br />
==Tactical Information Display==<br />
[[File:f14 tid.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The Tactical Information Display (TID) gives the RIO of the F-14B the main information on the AWG-9 radar, including situational awareness, range, altitude, and contact heading.<br />
<br />
===Display Modes===<br />
The TID comes with a total of 8 display modes available, that can be toggled either on or off for purposes of gathering more information or decluttering:<br />
<br />
* '''RID DISABLE:''' ? needs more info. Not yet implemented.<br />
* '''ALT NUM:''' Displays the altitude of contact with a singular digit rounded to the nearest thousand.<br />
* '''SYM ELEM:''' Displays the symbology of contacts corresponding to HAFU.<br />
* '''DATA LINK:''' Displays contacts from the datalink frequency.<br />
* '''JAM STROBE:''' Displays the jamming strobes. Not yet implemented.<br />
* '''NON-ATTK:''' Displays determined (manual IFF or datalink) HAFU of friendly contacts.<br />
* '''VEL VECTOR:''' Displays the velocity vectors of contacts.<br />
* '''LAUNCH ZONE:''' Displays contact approximate missile launch zones.<br />
<br />
==AN/AWG-9 Radar==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat is equipped with the AN/AWG-9 all-weather and pulse-doppler radar. It is a very long-range radar used for the main purpose of intercept.<br />
<br />
===Radar Modes===<br />
The AWG-9 in the F-14B comes with 2 types of radar modes: doppler and pulse-doppler search. Of those two, subsets are able to be observed as 5 in this list:<br />
<br />
* '''PD SRCH:''' Pulse-Doppler Search mode. No bias factor of the radar, but impedes to pulse-doppler methods.<br />
* '''PD STT:''' Pulse-Doppler Single Target Track mode. By default upon acquiring a lock with the AWG-9, the radar will move to this function mode. It is currently suspectable to the notch filter.<br />
* '''RWS:''' Range While Search mode. The radar will prioritize the range of targets but not other factors. Falls under pulse-doppler.<br />
* '''TWS MAN:''' Track While Scan - Manual mode. The radar will prioritize the situational awareness of other targets but not give information on every target. The radar will also prioritize targets by threat importance.<br />
* '''TWS AUTO:''' Track While Scan - Auto mode. The radar will perform the same as TWS Man, but the elevation and azimuth controls will be automated in the process for an optimal scan.<br />
* '''PULSE SRCH:''' Pulse Search mode. No bias factor of the radar and can not be impeded to the notch filter, unlike the pulse-doppler method. The radar will, however, output a return of everything that is scanned and requires tuning.<br />
* '''PULSE STT:''' Pulse Single Target Track mode. Performing similarly to Pulse Search mode, this function mode applies to only a single target and is not suspectable to the notch filter.<br />
<br />
====Pulse-Doppler Search Mode====<br />
[[File:f14 pulsedoppler.png|thumb|350px]]<br />
The pulse-doppler search mode is used mainly as a kind of early warning mode. It is the search mode with the greatest detection range but it can display no range to the RIO, only closure rate. For this reason, the TID can display no track information.<br />
<br />
====Pulse-Doppler STT Mode====<br />
[[File:f14 pdstt.png|thumb|350px]]<br />
The pulse-doppler STT works and looks much like the pulse STT mode. It does, however, have the same advantages and disadvantages compared to pulse STT as the other pulse-doppler modes compared to the pulse modes. This means that while much better at tracking a target close to the ground it is however vulnerable to notching.<br />
<br />
The DDD display for pulse-doppler STT looks like pulse STT display except that the target return and antenna azimuth display are moved to the left side of the screen and a generated synthetic target marker is displayed at the correct azimuth instead. This is so that the targets range can be displayed by the synthetic target, unlike the other pulse-doppler modes which only shows closure rate. The other symbology on the DDD in this mode are the same as in pulse STT.<br />
<br />
====Range While Search Mode====<br />
In range while search, a frequency measuring ranging mode is added (FM ranging) to allow the radar to measure the range of tracked targets in addition to closure rate. This additional processing does, however, mean that the effective range of the radar is somewhat lesser. The display on the DDD is the same as in pulse-doppler search, the TID however also shows tracks in this mode showing the targets as tracks momentarily as they’re scanned and displaying their position and altitude. <br />
<br />
The targets are shown for a maximum of two seconds or until the antenna again scans the same bar at the same azimuth at which time it is removed unless detected again. The maximum number of concurrently shown tracks are 48.<br />
<br />
====TWS Manual Mode====<br />
The track, while scan mode uses the same FM ranging as RWS with the same reduction in range compared to pulse-doppler search and the DDD display, is also the same. The main difference that the computer establishes track files and tracks up to 24 targets concurrently of which 18 can be shown on the TID at any given time.<br />
<br />
As the computer routine calculating these tracks need a set track refresh time of 2 seconds this limits available azimuth scan area and bar settings to either 20° 4 bars or 40° 2 bars. When entering TWS the computer automatically selects the ±20° 4 bar scan disregarding the RIO set scan volumes unless those are set to ±40° 2 bars in which case that is used instead.<br />
<br />
The TWS mode is also the only mode enabling guidance of the AIM-54 at multiple targets (up to six), and as soon as engageable targets are detected the computer starts assigning them a missile priority number according to optimal missile firing sequence.<br />
<br />
====TWS Auto Mode====<br />
Performing similarly to TWS Man mode, what differs between the two is that in TWS auto the computer takes control of used scan volume and scan pattern azimuth and elevation as soon as target tracks are present. The WCS computer automatically tries to optimize the scan volume and direction so that tracking of the prioritized targets is maximized. If not selected before launch the WCS overrides as soon as the first AIM-54 is launched and selects TWS Auto.<br />
<br />
====Pulse Search Mode====<br />
[[File:f14 pulse.png|thumb|350px]]<br />
Pulse search is used to search for and find airborne targets at range. It is possible to use this radar mode as a basic ground mapper as well which can be useful for navigation and navigational fixes and can also be used in a pinch to detect larger surface targets like ships. Keep in mind though that the radar is not built with this as its main function and that a real air-to-ground radar will outperform it handily.<br />
<br />
In this mode, the radar cannot by itself differentiate targets and generate tracks meaning that the WCS will not generate track files and display anything on the TID. This also means that pulse search is not capable of guiding missiles.<br />
<br />
====Pulse STT Mode====<br />
[[File:f14 pstt.png|thumb|350px]]<br />
Pulse STT is used to track a single target, like pulse search mode it is not susceptible to notching but it is to ground clutter. The fact that the STT modes use gates to track the target, in this case, range gates, means that it is less susceptible to ground clutter but a target close enough to the ground that the ground return enters the range gates would be likely to shake the lock.<br />
<br />
As it is only in the pulse-doppler modes that the missile guidance commands can be sent pulse STT is limited to launching AIM-7s in CW mode and AIM-54s in an active launch mode limiting their ranges. At short ranges, ACM ranges, it is possible to use the ASPECT switch to set what aspect of the target to track, this is just to counter different types of countermeasures. As an example, if set to NOSE the radar will be less susceptible to chaff as the radar weights its track towards the targets leading-edge (nose) away from the chaff being launched behind the target.<br />
<br />
A successful track is indicated by the ANT TRK and RDROT indicator lights on the DDD, meaning that the antenna is tracking the target and that the target is within the range gates. If the target is jamming with sufficient strength, negating a range track, the radar will transition to a jam angle track instead, indicated by the JAT indicator light on the DDD illuminating instead of the RDROT. When range tracking is again possible at closer ranges the radar will transition to that instead.<br />
<br />
The DDD in this mode will be similar to the pulse search mode but the antenna will be locked onto the target and not scan. Additionally, the DDD will show the range gates around the target, a closing rate symbol at the right scale and applicable attack symbology if a valid missile is selected.<br />
<br />
===Anti-Jamming Modes===<br />
Not yet implemented.<br />
<br />
===AN/APX-76 IFF Interrogator===<br />
The AN/APX-76 IFF (Identification Friend or Foe) interrogator is integrated into the AN/AWG-9 operation. Then interrogator antenna itself is located on the AN/AWG-9 antenna gimbal platform. An IFF system works by sending out an interrogation pulse and then listening for returns from cooperating transponders. In addition to the unencrypted civilian mode the AN/APX-76 is capable of interrogating in the encrypted military mode 4. This ensures that targets replying to mode 4 interrogations are indeed friendly. The AN/APX-76 can be used both in search radar modes and in STT radar modes. To enable interrogation the IFF switch is depressed on the Detail Data Display Panel which then activates the interrogator for as long as the button is held up to 10 seconds max.<br />
<br />
When enabled IFF received IFF returns are then overlaid on the normal AN/AWG-9 radar returns on the DDD. A friendly target will be indicated with two bars, one above and one below the normal radar return. As the AN/APX-76 is a separate radar, secondary mode, radar apart from the AWG-9 the IFF can sometimes also detect targets not detected by the AWG-9. In this case the IFF return will not have a radar echo inside it. In the search mode this is overlaid over each target replying and in STT over the STT target. Additionally, if the STT target is hooked on the TID the DDD will switch from normal range display to a ±10 NM display to enable display of multiple returns in case of closely grouped targets.<br />
<br />
==HAFU/Datalink==<br />
[[File:HAFU.png|right|80px]]<br />
Hostile, Ambiguous, Friendly or Unknown (HAFU) is a symbology system used by the F/A-18 to represent trackfiles; specifically, to show its status as a friendly or hostile. It is usually what trackfiles are displayed as across the software.<br />
<br />
There are four HAFU symbols:<br />
*'''Triangle:''' Hostile (red when colored)<br />
*'''Thick Staple:''' Ambiguous (yellow when colored)<br />
*'''Half-Circle:''' Friendly (green when colored)<br />
*'''Thin Staple:''' Unknown (yellow when colored)<br />
<br />
<br />
All types except ambiguous can be manually assigned via the [[#SA Format|Situational Awareness]] format. Tracks will also be automatically identified as explained below.<br />
<br />
A hostile HAFU will be assigned whenever:<br />
* A negative IFF response is returned, and<br />
** An NCTR print returns with an aircraft type that is on the hostile coalition; or<br />
** A SURV (surveillance, like an AWACS) source over datalink also marks it hostile; or<br />
** A F/F (fighter-fighter, like another F/A-18) source over datalink also marks it hostile.<br />
<br />
<br />
An ambiguous HAFU will be assigned when the aircraft and a donor have conflicting identifications (friendly and hostile).<br />
<br />
A friendly HAFU will be assigned whenever an IFF interrogation returns as friendly or the track itself is contributed to by the Precise Participant Location and Identification (PPLI) system.<br />
<br />
An unknown HAFU will be assigned by default until it is updated by meeting one of the requirements above.<br />
<br />
=Air-to-Air Weapons=<br />
----<br />
This area will cover over all the different air-to-air weapons brought with the F-14B Tomcat.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Air Gun==<br />
[[File:f14 gun aa.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
''Using Real-Time mode.''<br />
<br />
The F-14 Tomcat is outfitted with the M61A1 Vulcan 6-barreled Gatling cannon, being able to hold up a maximum of 675 rounds internally.<br />
<br />
===Gun Rates===<br />
The cannon offers 2 modes of combat in the F-14B: <br />
<br />
* '''LOW:''' mode which slows down the muzzle rate, used for Air-to-Ground.<br />
* '''HIGH:''' mode which is to be used for Basic Fighter Maneuvering. (BFM)<br />
<br />
===Gun Modes===<br />
The cannon for Air-to-Air mode is able to be placed into 2 following positions:<br />
<br />
* '''Manual:''' this mode is able to be selected by depressing the CAGE/SEAM button, which will then only display the pipper and ammo count.<br />
* '''Real-Time:''' this mode is the regular, default mode. Along with a radar lock, the pipper will calculate to be accurate when directed to the diamond contact box. This will also give a closure rate towards the contact and the range relative to the aircraft.<br />
<br />
===Symbology===<br />
<br />
The symbology for the cannon is displayed on the HUD with the weapon master selector in the GUN position, and display in A/A. By default, the gun rounds indicator will be displayed as 0 for rounds per 100. Located next to the display panel to the right is the gun ammo counter. Additionally, the gunsight elevation is also able to be adjusted underneath the steer commands on the display panel.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Air Missiles==<br />
===Missile Preparation===<br />
Missile preparation in the F-14B Tomcat is started by moving the master arm switch on the ACM panel underneath the HUD to ON. This is then followed by pressing the MSL PREP and SW COOL buttons to be ON, depending on the armament type.<br />
<br />
===AIM-54 Phoenix===<br />
The AIM-54 is a long-range, semi-active radar missile for Air-to-Air use. The F-14 was the only aircraft to carry it in service and was used to take down Soviet bombers. However, it is able to be used on fighters as well. The AIM-54 comes with a proximity fuse and missile gate suite for non-direct contact explosions and radar tracking methods. <br />
<br />
Upon the launch of the missile, active input from the AN/AWG-9 radar is used to guide itself towards the contact. When reaching pitbull range (~20 nmi.) the missile will then use the radar in itself and steer until impact. <br />
<br />
The time until impact will be calculated during the whole flight of the missile after the launch sequence on the TID as a seconds counter next to the contact.<br />
<br />
====Missile Variants====<br />
The AIM-54 for the F-14 in DCS is not only just 1 variant but 2 provided for the aircraft:<br />
<br />
* '''AIM-54A Mk.60:''' The A variant Mk.60 is a specific version of the AIM-54 Phoenix which utilizes burn time and speed over agility and smoke. The Mk.60 is able to be fired from at most ~100 nmi. under optimal conditions, factoring altitude, kinetic airspeed, contact airspeed, and altitude. The recommended firing distance of the variant, however, is ~45 nmi.<br />
* '''AIM-54C Mk.47:''' The C variant Mk.47 is a later upgrade to the missile that utilizes agility and smoke over burn time and speed. While the C variant provides a no-smoke solution, it lacks the favoring of speed and distance. Under optimal conditions similar to the A, this missile variant is best at ~60 nmi. The recommended distance to contact for firing is ~30 nmi.<br />
<br />
====Launch Modes====<br />
The main seeker in the AIM-54 is able to be fired through 3 launch modes in according:<br />
<br />
# '''Semi-active Radar Homing (SARH):''' In the first stage of the AIM-54 engagement, the missile is guided semi-actively by the AN/AWG-9 radar using both guidance commands transmitted via the radar and radar energy reflected off the target. Then when the missile is within range of its seeker’s ARH mode the AN/AWG-9 commands the missile to switch to ARH. In pulse doppler STT the AIM-54 uses SARH all the way to the target receiving guidance commands at a greater rate than in TWS and also continuous spotlighting of the target because of the STT mode being used. This increases the effective range of the AIM-54 seeker slightly.<br />
# '''Active Radar Homing (ARH):''' This tells the WCS to immediately command the AIM-54 to go active in the first guidance command after launch. If launched at a target within 6 NM if in the targets rear hemisphere or 10 NM miles if in its forward hemisphere the WCS will also automatically command this mode instead of a SARH mode. If the target is not detected actively by the seeker it will still fall back to SARH until the seeker can acquire on its own like in the two SARH modes.<br />
# '''ACM Active:''' The missile is commanded active before launch making this the only mode where the missile is truly fire and forget. The AIM-54 missile receives the active message before launching from the WCS in addition to a command prepositioning the seeker-head to have it look at the current WCS track if available.<br />
<br />
<br />
Additionally, the AIM-54 has an unofficial method of launching the missile:<br />
<br />
* '''Mad-dogging:''' A method that uses the aircraft relative to their contact altitude and airspeed and firing the AIM-54 in the direction, which will force it to become semi-active within the pitbull range.<br />
<br />
====HUD Symbology====<br />
[[File:f14 aim54 hud.png|thumb|400px]]<br />
The pilot will receive standard symbology of the AIM-54 missile selected when the display is in A/A mode. Similar to the GUNS format, displayed on the HUD will be the weapon type denoted in 2 letters, and the number of missiles. Additionally, any more advanced symbology will occur by lock, which is required at first to fire the missile without "mad-dogging."<br />
<br />
====VDI Symbology====<br />
[[File:f14 aim54 vdi.png|thumb|400px]]<br />
The pilot will also receive additional symbology on the VDI whenever a radar lock occurs with the AIM-54 selected.<br />
<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
===AIM-7 Sparrow===<br />
The AIM-7 Sparrow is an active-radar guided missile for Air-to-Air employment. This missile requires an active radar lock to a contact in order to guide itself for impact. The benefit of this missile is that it is able to lose trackoing guidance if the aircraft breaks the lock on a friendly contact, as well as being able to be used in a mixed scenario.<br />
<br />
The maximum range of the Sparrow under optimal conditions as the Phoenix is ~25 nmi. The recommended distance, however, is roughly ~10 nmi.<br />
<br />
===AIM-9 Sidewinder===<br />
The AIM-9 Sidewinder is an IR-guided missile that self tracks based off of thermal energy (heat) of an aircraft. This missile should be used for close quarters range, where agility and speed are a high priority. The benefit of this missile is how quickly it can turn onto a contact. However, a con to this can be "sun-aiming," where the missile follows a contact that flies directly to the sun and immediately flanks out of the sensor sight of the Sidewinder.<br />
<br />
The maximum range on this missile is ~10 nmi., but recommended range is within ~5 nmi. under optimal conditions.<br />
<br />
=Air-to-Ground Weapons=<br />
----<br />
The F-14B Tomcat comes with a variety of air-to-ground weapons after the upgrade to the Bombcat.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Ground Gun==<br />
The symbology of the Air-to-Ground Gun is similar to of the Air-to-Air mode. The weapon will instead keep a diamond inside with the cross until passing the horizon threshold. All happens with the Gun selected and the HUD steering command in A/G mode.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Ground Bombs==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat is able to carry numerous types of munitions that act as bombs, whether dumb or laser-guided.<br />
<br />
===Mk-20/81/82/83/84 GPB===<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
===GBU-12/14/16 LGB===<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
===BDU-33 Training Bomb===<br />
The BDU-33 is a training bomb that emits smoke upon impact on a hard surface. This is generally used in training for Air-to-Ground in the Tomcat, and among other aircraft.<br />
<br />
===ADM-141 TALD===<br />
The ADM-141 Towed Air Launch Defense (TALD) missile is a decoy weapon that is employed for doing Suppression of Enemy Air Defenses. (SEAD) The TALD missile represents one of the only true SEAD weapons used in DCS World that is not DEAD-related. The objective of the TALD is to be dropped to confuse SAM sites that use radar guidance so other aircraft are able to destroy them, hence being "suppressed."<br />
<br />
The TALD is only able to be successfully launched when the RWR is receiving a radar lock warning or missile warning in the F-14 Tomcat. Only the F-14B Tomcat is able to use this weapon.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Ground Rockets==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat carries 4 4-count Zuni rockets, which are precision, unguided rockets that are able to be fired in an Air-to-Ground configuration.<br />
<br />
=Resources=<br />
----<br />
==Contributors==<br />
* Jak: An early contributor who wrote information on what the aircraft was and helping serve filler content.<br />
* Nullspec: Contributor towards the F/A-18C Hornet on implemented/non-implemented for the formatting.<br />
<br />
==Manuals & Documents==<br />
* [https://info.publicintelligence.net/F14AAP-1B.pdf F-14B NATOPS Pocket Checklist]<br />
* [http://www.heatblur.se/F-14Manual/ Heatblur F-14 Manual]<br />
* [https://www.mudspike.com/chucks-guides-dcs-f-14b-tomcat/ Chuck's F-14 Guide]<br />
<br />
==Heatblur's Videos==<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q1o7E9pb95Y Episode 1: Overview]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OO3IdQjAdDA Episode 2: Pilot's Cockpit Walkaround]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ws1GxPG2ZXw Episode 3: Cold And Dark (Full Startup)]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kgpGO7fj4oU Episode 4: The RIO's Office]<br />
<br />
==Jabbers' Tutorial Videos==<br />
(They're good!)<br />
<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2qwlJs__iYk Pilot - Startup/Taxi/Takeoff with JESTER AI]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b5opjCygZug Pilot - Maneuvering and Flight Characteristics]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f4y2oZ-7rM8 Pilot - Air-to-Air Refueling]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ujk4hL_EnUc Pilot - ACM - Radar Acquisition Modes]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wftck0C3fJ8 Pilot - Weapons - Zuni Rockets with JESTER AI]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4m-Q02gxFEA Pilot - Weapons - AIM-9 Sidewinder]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SWeHtpJ00JI RIO - Startup]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r4-Dd4ss2Rc RIO - AWG-9 Radar]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YG7sWweg2RQ RIO - IFF Interrogation]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2q-bHFyTEr8 Overview - AIM-54C Mk.47 Phoenix - Tacview Debrief]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PyAQpqVhtBY Overview - AIM-54A Mk.60 Phoenix - Tacview Debrief]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4groy-_Bxfk Quick Tips - AIM-54 Phoenix]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Is3AtOX-abw Quick Tips - Bombing]<br />
<br />
==RedKite's Tutorial Videos==<br />
(More in-depth on particular systems, referenced throughout the guide.)<br />
<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R9-8UCj66Ds Pilot/RIO - LANTIRN & LGB Bombs]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k5femxA_lis Pilot/RIO - ICLS & ACLS]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YqQz9YrEi6A Pilot/RIO - INS Fix]</div>Siriushttps://wiki.hoggitworld.com/index.php?title=F-14A/B&diff=10685F-14A/B2019-10-02T19:58:52Z<p>Sirius: /* ATC */</p>
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<br />
<div class="alert alert-info" role="alert"><br />
'''NOTE:''' This guide is currently under a work-in-progress (WIP) state. If you have any information pertaining to the topics or feedback, please relay them over to Sirius#0002 on Discord, or in the Hoggit Discord #wiki-discussion channel. Thanks!<br />
<br />
This page is focused on the DCS World F-14A/B Tomcat module, which is still in Early Access. Some information may be missing.<br />
</div><br />
<br />
The Grumman '''F-14A/B''' Tomcat is a two-seat, twin-engine supersonic variable wing-sweep fighter aircraft. The F-14 was the first US fighter jet with twin tails and was the largest & heaviest US fighter to ever fly from an aircraft carrier. The reason that the F-14 was so incredibly large and heavy was that it carried the large AWG-9 radar and accompanying AIM-54 Phoenix (air-to-air) missiles: this very capable combination allowed the F-14 to make shots of up to 200 nautical miles at the bad guys. Also, being big means you can carry a lot of fuel!<br />
<br />
Of course, the practical range of the AWG-9 is rather more limited, especially if you are shooting at more maneuverable fighter-sized targets, but even at these closer ranges, the AIM-54 Phoenix is still a capable missile that should not be underestimated. The F-14 is also capable of carrying an array of air-to-ground weapons, such as dumb bombs in both high and low drag forms, air-to-ground Zuni rockets and even laser-guided bombs, which can be self-designated using the LANTIRN targeting pod on the F-14.<br />
<br />
Most people will recognize and adore the F-14 because of its stardom presence in that one weird volleyball movie from the '80s. Its on-screen presence in movies will make the F-14 to appear docile and easy to fly, but due to lack of a fly-by-wire the F-14 can be a real handful: it being a pilot's aircraft however makes it fun to fly and learn. The analogous nature of the F-14 (comparable to the F-5E II Tigershark) will give you a good knowledge of the airplane over time but requires a bit of a different mindset that the computerized flight of the F/A-18C and the F-15.<br />
<br />
__TOC__<br />
<br />
=Weapons List=<br />
----<br />
==Implemented==<br />
Partially or fully implemented weapons of the F14/A/B Tomcat:<br />
* M61 Vulcan Six-Barreled Gatling Gun<br />
* AIM-7M/F Sparrow<br />
* CAP/AIM-9M Sidewinder<br />
* AIM-54A Phoenix Mk. 60<br />
* AIM-54C Phoenix Mk. 47<br />
* Mk-81, 82, 83, and 84 <br />
* GBU-10, 12, 16, and 24 <br />
* MK-20 Rockeye<br />
* Zuni Rockets<br />
* BDU-33 Practice Bombs<br />
* ADM-141 TALD<br />
* LUU-2 Parachute Flare<br />
* Smokewinder<br />
* LANTIRN Pod<br />
* FPU-1 Fuel Tank<br />
<br />
==Planned==<br />
Weapons not yet implemented into the Tomcat:<br />
* TARPS Pod<br />
<br />
=Hands On Throttle And Stick (HOTAS)=<br />
----<br />
==Throttle==<br />
[[File:throttle.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The throttle of the F-14 Tomcat consists of 2 quadrants, both for the left and right engines. There is an afterburner detent along with a cutoff detent for maximum throttle and shutdown of the engine for each quadrant.<br />
<br />
The throttle has the following controls:<br />
# '''Speed Brake Switch:''' 2-position switch. "EXT" is a momentary and needed input position that extends the speed brake outward depending on the aircraft speed.<br />
# '''Wing Sweep Switch:''' 4-way hat switch. "AUTO" sets the wing to sweep automatically determined by an onboard computer, "BOMB" sets the wing to sweep in an angled position between fully extended and retracted and dependent on speed for the air-to-ground bombing.<br />
# '''PLM Button:''' multifunction button. When the steering command is in A2A mode, this acts as a pilot lock-on tool for the AWG-9 radar. But when used for landing and/or in the LDG steering command mode, this allows for disengagement of the ACLS.<br />
# '''CAGE/SEAM Button:''' multifunction button. When the steering command is in A2A mode, this allows for CAGE/SEAM lock-on of the AIM-9 Sidewinder. But when used for landing and/or in the LDG steering command mode, this allows for disengagement of the APC.<br />
# '''Exterior Light Switch:''' 2-position switch. Used to toggle the exterior lights of the aircraft.<br />
# '''ICS PTT Switch:''' 2-position switch. Acts as a push-to-talk system for the ICS system inside of the aircraft used between the Pilot and RIO. (or JESTER AI)<br />
<br />
==Control Stick==<br />
[[File:stick.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The control stick is located in the center of the cockpit, mounted onto the floor. Left and right movements of the control stick direct hydraulic movement to the spoilers and horizontal stabilizers of the aircraft. Forward and backward movement result to respectively the same but to the horizontal stabilizers.<br />
<br />
The control stick has the following controls:<br />
# '''Bomb Release Button:''' single-purpose button. When pressed in A2G steering command mode, all pylons selected with bombs will release respective of the ripple settings, type, and interval.<br />
# '''Trim Hat:''' 4-way hat switch. Upward movement moves the aircraft downward, and downward movement moves the aircraft upward. Both left and right movements follow to their directions according to their name.<br />
# '''Weapon Select Hat:''' 4-way hat switch. Bottom selection is OFF, and a ridge requires a momentary push action to move in/out of to GUN. Following all to the top are SW, then SP/PH which requires a momentary push action to switch between.<br />
# '''DLC & Maneuver Flap Command Wheel:''' scrollable dial. Moving it with the landing gears fully deployed acts as a variable control for spoiler extension. With the landing gears up, the dial also acts the same but for flaps and slats.<br />
# '''DLC Engage/Disengage & CMS Dispense Button:''' multifunction button. When pressed with the landing gears fully deployed, this controls the engagement and disengagement of the DLC system. But with the landing gears fully retracted, this allows for pilot control of the CMS system.<br />
# '''Autopilot Reference & NWS Button:''' multifunction button. When the aircraft is up in the air, this controls specific autopilot settings. But when the aircraft is on the ground, this controls the activation of the nosewheel steering system.<br />
# '''Autopilot Emergency Disengage Paddle:''' multifunction button. Disengages all autopilot modes and DLC and releases all autopilot switches and roll and pitch SAS switches to OFF position.<br />
# '''Weapon Firing Trigger:''' two-stage trigger switch. The first detent enables CTVS and gun camera. Second detent releases selected forwards firing the weapon.<br />
<br />
=Flight Controls & Landing Gear=<br />
----<br />
==Flight Controls==<br />
[[File:Wheels-flaps.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The F-14B has a large hydraulic system which covers for all of the control surfaces of the aircraft. Without the hydraulic system, or taking damage the controls are in risk of improperly working. The F-14 Tomcat was the last of its generation to have no integration of an FBW or FCS system, which was introduced with the F-15 Eagle.<br />
<br />
The F-14's primary flight controls are:<br />
* '''Left Spoilers (LES):''' A set of spoilers that lie within the left wing of the aircraft that help with aileron movement and control that react opposite of the intended direction.<br />
* '''Right Spoilers (RES):''' A set of spoilers that lie within the right wing of the aircraft that help with aileron movement and control that react opposite of the intended direction.<br />
* '''Tailerons (TAIL):''' Two horizontal stabilizers located on the rear end of the aircraft that control both pitch and aileron movement.<br />
* '''Leading Edge Flaps (LEF):''' Normal slats located on the leading (front) edge of the wings to add lift.<br />
* '''Trailing Edge Flaps (TEF):''' Normal flaps located on the trailing (back) edge of the wings to add lift.<br />
<br />
<br />
The control stick controls the stabilators, ailerons, and rudder and the rudder pedals control the rudder.<br />
<br />
===Flaps System===<br />
The aircraft's flap system provides more lift (and as a byproduct, drag). The flaps lever has two positions:<br />
* '''NONE:''' This applies no flap whatsoever to the wings of the aircraft.<br />
* '''FULL:''' This applies full movement of flaps to the wings of the aircraft.<br />
<br />
<br />
The flaps lever allows for variable movement, which gives the pilot the ability to control the amount of flap they wish for.<br />
<br />
===Speed Brake===<br />
The speed brake is a flap located on the end of the aircraft designed to provide drag to decelerate faster. It is activated via the speed brake switch on the throttle. The two positions are:<br />
* '''EXT:''' When the switch is moved aft, this extends the speed brake of the aircraft out depending on the airspeed.<br />
* '''RET:''' When the switch is moved forward, this retracts the speed brake.<br />
<br />
===Trim===<br />
The tailerons are capable of being trimmed to make roll and pitch corrections. This is accomplished with the trim hat on the controls stick. When the autopilot system is engaged, the onboard computer will attempt to make active trim movements in order to keep the aircraft within the specified attitude when set, along of the setting parameters. As speed is either gained or lost, the trim will actively move the stick as well along of the tailerons to adapt.<br />
<br />
===Wing Sweep===<br />
The wings of the aircraft are a variable-sweep design allowing for automatic or manual movements from pilot input on the right throttle quadrant. Similar to wing fold, the wings are able to be overswept from its maximum position through a master reset of the system in order to allow tighter space and closer parking on the carrier deck.<br />
<br />
==Landing Gear==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat has 3 retractable landing gears: the nose gear, the left gear, and the right gear. The gear is moved via the gear lever on the left side of the cockpit. In the up position, the gear will retract. In the down position, the gear will extend. The gear lever cannot be put up with weight on wheels. The gear will not retract with the launch bar extended.<br />
<br />
===Nosewheel Steering===<br />
The nose gear features nosewheel steering (NWS) controlled by the rudder pedals. With the weight off of the wheels, it is disengaged. It automatically engages upon there being the weight on wheels. NWS is disengaged manually via the button on the stick.<br />
<br />
===Launch Bar===<br />
On the front nosegear is a launch bar that attaches the airplane to a catapult from launches from an aircraft carrier. Its deployment is pilot-controlled, but it is connected to the catapult by the ground crew (DCS default binding is U).<br />
<br />
It is controlled via the launch bar switch on the left upper console. When the switch in the RETRACT position, the launch bar will retract, but physically cannot do so when connected to the catapult. The switch will move to the RETRACT position automatically when there is a weight off wheels. In the EXTEND position, the launch bar will extend if there is the weight on wheels.<br />
<br />
=Autopilot and Autothrottle=<br />
----<br />
The F-14 Tomcat has the ability to automate certain types of flight via its Automatic Flight Control System (AFCS) and Automatic Throttle Control (ATC). The AFCS, or simply the autopilot, control the flight surfaces and the ATC controls the throttles.<br />
<br />
==AFCS==<br />
[[File:afcs.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The Automatic Flight Control System (AFCS), or just the "autopilot", controls the aircraft's flight controls to automate maneuvering. It is interfaced on the autopilot panel via the A/P engage switch. On the autopilot panel, there are 7 modes able to be toggled:<br />
# '''Pitch Stabilizer Augmentation:''' 2-position switch. This switch controls the ability for the pitch to be augmented for dampening.<br />
# '''Roll Stabilizer Augmentation:''' 2-position switch. This switch controls the ability for the roll to be augmented for dampening.<br />
# '''Yaw Stabilizer Augmentation:''' 2-position switch. This switch controls the ability for the yaw to be augmented for dampening.<br />
# '''VEC/PCD/ACL Switch:''' 3-position switch. This switch controls the remote control modes of autopilot with the steering bars and ACLS.<br />
# '''ALT Switch:''' 2-position switch.' This switch controls the ability to maintain the current altitude when autopilot is engaged.<br />
# '''HDG/GT Switch:''' 3-position switch. This switch controls the ability to maintain the current heading when autopilot is engaged.<br />
# '''ENGAGE Switch:''' 2-position switch. This switch engages and disengages the autopilot.<br />
<br />
==ATC==<br />
The automatic throttle control (ATC), or just "autothrottle", controls the physical throttles and thereby automated thrust control. ATC is toggled via ATC engage/disengage switch next to the throttle. When the ATC is engaged, the physical means of the throttle quadrants will begin to move on their own. However, whenever the pilot makes any new movement to the throttle whatsoever, the ATC will disengage to allow pilot control over both of the engines. The ATC is primarily used for landing on a carrier along with the ACLS system. ATC will disengage upon front wheel contact on a hard surface, such as an aircraft carrier deck or runway.<br />
<br />
=Digital Systems Overview=<br />
----<br />
[[File:displays.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
==Pilot==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat comes with 2 digital display screens in the Pilot cockpit:<br />
* '''Vertical Display Indicator (VDI):''' a multifunction display that allows for the pilot to see their HUD in a form of a repeater, and the [[#Television Camera Set|TCS]].<br />
* '''Horizontal Situation Display Indicator (HSD):''' a multifunction display that allows for the pilot to see their virtual compass for navigation modes, and the [[#AWG-9 Pulse-Doppler Radar|AWG-9 Radar]] from the RIO TID as a repeater.<br />
<br />
===Heads Up Display===<br />
The head-up display (HUD) is a projected display at the front of the cockpit that serves as the primary flight instrument. It also provides various indications for weapon delivery; this section will cover the HUD's indications in NAV master mode. Master mode/weapon-specific indications on the HUD will be covered in the relevant section.<br />
<br />
====Reject Modes====<br />
Via the switches next to the TO button on the displays panel, you are able to "declutter" or remove information off of the HUD.<br />
<br />
==Radar Intercept Officer==<br />
The Radar Intercept Officer (RIO) comes with 3 digital display screens in the RIO cockpit:<br />
* '''Detail Data Display (DDD):''' a dual-purpose display that allows for the RIO to see contacts on the [[#AWG-9 Pulse-Doppler Radar|radar]], based on the range and radar mode.<br />
* '''Tactical Information Display (TID):''' a multi-purpose display that allows for the RIO to see their [[#AWG-9 Pulse-Doppler Radar|AWG-9]] situational awareness, [[#Television Camera Set|TCS]], [[#TARPS Pod|TARPS]] and [[#LANTIRN Targeting Pod|LANTIRN]] pods.<br />
* '''Horizontal Situation Display Indicator (HSD):''' a multi-purpose display as to the one in the pilot cockpit.<br />
<br />
==Master Modes==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat has 5 primarily modes for information displayed. The 5 master modes are:<br />
* '''TO:''' switch. Displays takeoff information on HUD and VDI for degrees.<br />
* '''CRUISE:''' single-purpose button. Displays in-air flight information on HUD and VDI for degrees.<br />
* '''A/A:''' single-purpose button. Displays air-to-air information on HUD and VDI for degrees; and weapon employment.<br />
* '''A/G:''' single-purpose button. Displays air-to-ground information on HUD and VDI for degrees; and weapon employment.<br />
* '''LDG:''' single-purpose button. Displays landing information on HUD and VDI for degrees.<br />
<br />
<br />
Additionally, the F-14 Tomcat has an Air Combat Maneuver (ACM) panel which controls all air-to-air and air-to-ground aspects for armament.<br />
<br />
=Navigation=<br />
----<br />
The F-14 Tomcat has an inertial navigation system (INS) that allows the pilot to navigate by internal gyros aligned. However, due to the fault of having no GPS assistance, these gyros slowly drift over time and cause misalignment for visual information.<br />
<br />
==HSD==<br />
[[File:Hsd.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The Horizontal Situation Display Indicator (HSD) is the primary interface with the airplane's navigation systems. The HSI can be accessed from the bottom display screen. The basic function of the HSI is a rotating compass with a looking-from-above perspective. The controls for this screen are:<br />
# '''BRT Control:''' dial. Controls the brightness of the HSD screen.<br />
# '''HDG Control:''' dial. Controls the heading reference in TACAN mode.<br />
# '''CRS Control:''' dial. Controls the course heading reference in MAN and TACAN modes.<br />
# '''Test Button:''' single-purpose button. Resets the HSD screen if overload protection activates.<br />
# '''BIT Indicator:''' light. Shows a white light if a failure produces in the HSD.<br />
<br />
=== Steering Commands ===<br />
The HSD comes with a set of 5 different steering commands, which each have their own purpose towards displaying certain information:<br />
* '''TACAN:''' single-purpose button. Displays information based off of a radio beacon with range and direction.<br />
* '''DEST:''' single-purpose button. Displays information off of a selected waypoint from the RIO with range and direction.<br />
* '''AWL/PCD:''' single-purpose button. Displays information off of an ICLS frequency with azimuth and elevation bars (on VDI and HUD)<br />
* '''VEC:''' single-purpose button. ? (needs more info.)<br />
* '''MAN:''' single-purpose button. Displays information off of an entered heading (HDG Control) with direction.<br />
<br />
==Waypoints==<br />
The F-14B comes with an onboard flight computer system that handles waypoint navigation during in-air flight. The navigation system in the F-14B Tomcat gives a variety of waypoint holders, along with information for a set home plate.<br />
<br />
===Pilot===<br />
For the F-14B pilot, the waypoint information is able to be accessed by the DEST steering command and by using the NAV HSD display mode.<br />
<br />
===Radar Intercept Officer===<br />
For the F-14B Radar Intercept Officer, (RIO) the waypoints must be manually assigned by the RIO through the Computer Address Panel (CAP) system under the TAC DATA category. Once done, the waypoint must be selected through the CAP and entered in with coordinates similar to how INS alignment procedures are done.<br />
<br />
==TACAN==<br />
Tactical Air Navigation (TACAN) is a military radio navigation system. A TACAN beacon allows for an aircraft to determine its bearing and range from it, and using this information can navigate. TACAN's may be ground-based or be broadcasted by an airplane. TACAN channels have two bands, X and Y, and range from 1-126. 2 TACAN channels may be set present in the aircraft by both the Pilot and RIO for simultaneous use.<br />
<br />
The TACAN setting knobs give a range of these options:<br />
*'''T/R:''' Transmit and receive. Gets bearing and range from the TACAN.<br />
*'''RCV:''' Receive. Gets bearing from the TACAN.<br />
*'''A/A:''' Air-to-air TACAN mode.<br />
*'''X:''' Tunes the selected frequency on the X band.<br />
*'''Y:''' Tunes the selected frequency on the Y band.<br />
<br />
==ICLS==<br />
For night and low visibility operations, aircraft carriers have an Instrument Carrier Landing System (ICLS) to allow for instrument approaches to the carrier. ICLS provides horizontal and vertical guidance. The F-14 is equipped with ICLS.<br />
<br />
To activate the airplane's ICLS antenna, an ICLS dial is present to the right of the warning lights advisory panel, with an ARA on/off switch, used to toggle power to the system.<br />
<br />
When ILS is selected on the HSI, two bars, one horizontal and one vertical, appear near the velocity vector on the HUD. These indicate a vertical and horizontal deviation from the optimal glideslope (3°) and course to the deck. When they are both aligned with the velocity vector (making a "+"), the aircraft is on course.<br />
<br />
==ACLS==<br />
For CAT III conditions and poor visibility, the F-14 is equipped with the Automatic Carrier Landing System (ACLS) to allow an automatic flight to the carrier via. a radio-guided input from a Landing Signal Officer. (LSO) The auto-throttle and autopilot systems must be engaged and present during the time of activation with this system, along with lights given to the left of the VDI display.<br />
<br />
Datalink is required between the aircraft and the carrier in order for ACLS to work. When the best position of the azimuth and glideslope bars are within parameters, the nosewheel steering button is pressed in order to engage guidance.<br />
<br />
==Navigation Failures==<br />
The F-14B has a variety of navigation failures that may/can occur, including methods to fix them.<br />
<br />
===Navigation Fix Update===<br />
An error of latitude or longitude in the computer position of the aircraft can be corrected by a navigation fix update. Updating is especially important in the backup modes (AHRS AM and IMU/ AM) because of the estimated winds and magnetic variation changes. A nav fix is done via a ground-reference-point (latitude and longitude) position. The range and bearing of this position to the present aircraft position are used to update or correct existing values. The nav system may be updated by either a radar fix, a TACAN fix, or a visual fix.<br />
<br />
Before performing a nav fix, the latitude and longitude of the desired update point (radar, TACAN, or visual) must be stored in one of eight navigation point locations (three WPs, FIX PT, HOME BASE, HOST AREA, DEF PT, and IP). This data can be stored prior to flight by data link or by manual insertion. Then follow these steps:<br />
<br />
# Hook the Waypoint you choose to select for the nav fix.<br />
# Check the stored latitude and longitude on the TID.<br />
# Rotate the CATEGORY switch to NAV and select the desired type of update.<br />
<br />
<br />
Note that updating the position while in INS, and to a lesser degree while in IMU, can introduce a greater navigational position error than already present, in particular, if radar fix is used to update the nav system. Updates with a visual or TACAN fix provide reasonable accuracy (assuming a good MAG VAR during TACAN updates). Updating your nav system via a nav fix should be primarily used in the AHRS mode.<br />
<br />
===Radar Fix Update===<br />
An RDR FIX may be selected before or after positioning the DDD cursors. If the RDR FIX button is depressed, the computer computes the present position of the aircraft by measuring the range and bearing from the selected point. The delta between the computer position and the position determined by the INS is then displayed on the TID. If the entry of this delta into the navigation computations is desired, press the FIX ENABLE button. If the delta does not appear to be correct, the computer and the readout can be cleared by pressing the RDR FIX button. The fix may then be attempted again. The RIO should also perform periodic checks of own aircraft system altitude and update the altitude if necessary.<br />
<br />
Radar updating is performed as follows:<br />
<br />
# TID CURSOR/CAP - Hook Desired Navigation Point for Update.<br />
# PULSE SRCH button - Depress.<br />
# On sensor control panel: STAB switch - IN. EL BARS switch - 1. AZ SCAN switch - As Desired.<br />
# RDR FIX button - Depress.<br />
# DDD CURSOR button - Depress.<br />
# Action switch - Half Action (first detent).<br />
# Cursor is displayed on DDD.<br />
# Manipulate hand control DDD cursor over desired ground map point.<br />
# Action switch - Full Action and Release. (This will cause the DDD cursor to remain at the selected position.<br />
# Observe the delta for LAT and LONG on TID.<br />
# If readouts are unsatisfactory, deselect RDR FIX and repeat steps 4 through 12.<br />
# FIX ENABLE button - Depress.<br />
<br />
===TACAN Update===<br />
To perform a nav fix by TACAN requires that a restored waypoint shares identical LAT and LONG values with the TACAN station that will be used for the fix. Select the TACAN channel for the desired station and verify by listening to the coded identifier tone in the headset.<br />
<br />
Press the TACAN FIX button to update the aircraft position from a TACAN station. The WCS computer then calculates the own aircraft position error based on the range and bearing from the TACAN station. The delta is then entered in the same manner as with a radar fix.<br />
<br />
Perform a TACAN fix following these steps:<br />
<br />
# Select a TACAN channel whose latitude and longitude correspond to an update point.<br />
# Hook desired update point (WAYPT 1, FIX PT, HOME BASE, etc.).<br />
# CATEGORY switch - NAV.<br />
# TACAN FIX button - Depress.<br />
# Observe present position delta readout.<br />
# If delta is unsatisfactory, deselect TACAN FIX and repeat steps 2 through 7.<br />
# FIX ENABLE button - Depress.<br />
<br />
===Visual Update===<br />
To perform a visual fix, fly over a restored waypoint and press the VIS FIX button. Estimate your timing, because the aircraft nose and fuselage can obscure the fixed point during an overflight. It is also difficult to estimate when directly overhead a waypoint if the aircraft altitude is greater than 10.000 feet. The delta for the visual fix is displayed on the TID. Enter the delta by pressing FIX ENABLE.<br />
<br />
To perform a visual fix use the following steps:<br />
<br />
# Hook desired update point (WAY PT, HB, IP, etc.).<br />
# Select NAV category on CAP.<br />
# Overfly the selected restored point and when over the point, depress the VIS FIX button on the cap.<br />
# If the delta is not satisfactory, press VIS FIX again to clear the delta and repeat from step 1.<br />
# If a satisfactory delta is displayed, depress the FIX ENABLE button; this causes the delta correction of own-aircraft position to be inserted into the computer.<br />
<br />
===Datalink Update===<br />
To perform a data link update of the aircraft INS to the TDS frame of reference, the aircraft and TDS must share a prebriefed waypoint, identical in latitude and longitude. Enter this LAT/LONG data into the HOST AREA pseudo target file. The TDS will uplink the common reference point as a data link waypoint. When the aircraft and TDS INS systems agree, the data link waypoint and host area symbols will be superimposed on the TID. If they drift apart, the two pseudo targets on the TID will drift as well.<br />
<br />
To perform an update via data link, use the following steps:<br />
<br />
# Hook data link waypoint corresponding prebriefed reference point.<br />
# Select NAV category on CAP.<br />
# Overfly the hooked data link waypoint. When immediately over the point, press VIS FIX button on CAP.<br />
# Observe delta LAT and LONG on TID.<br />
# If deltas are satisfactory and update is desired, depress FIX ENABLE.<br />
# After a data link update, HOST AREA and data link waypoint should be superimposed on the TID again.<br />
<br />
===Fighter-to-Fighter Navigation Update===<br />
Net aircraft that use fighter-to-fighter data link can update their navigation system in the FF/DL mode. To update LAT/LONG hook the net aircraft symbol of an aircraft that is in close proximity and select F/F NAV UPDATE on the CAP. This will enter the hooked aircraft’s coordinates into the INS as own-aircraft coordinates. To update the nav system on an aircraft that is not close, first obtain a radar STT on that aircraft, hook the STT-ed aircraft on the TID and then press F/F NAV UPDATE on the CAP.<br />
<br />
=Defensive Systems=<br />
----<br />
The F-14B is equipped with various defensive systems: the AN/ALE-39 Countermeasure Dispensing System (CMDS), for the release of chaff and flares, the AN/ALQ-126 Deception ECM (DECM), for jamming enemy radar, and the AN/ALR-67 Radar Warning Reciever (RWR), for detection of enemy radar emitters and missile launches.<br />
<br />
==AN/ALR-67 RWR==<br />
[[File:alr-67.png|thumb|400px]]<br />
The AN/ALR-67 Radar Warning Receiver (RWR) provides the Hornet the ability to detect radars via the radio/microwave radiation they emit.<br />
<br />
===Audio Tones===<br />
Accompanying the RWR are various audio feedback tones:<br />
*'''Single Beep:''' A new ground- or sea-based emitter has been detected.<br />
*'''Double Beep:''' A new airborne emitter has been detected.<br />
*'''Repeating Beep:''' An emitter is tracking.<br />
*'''Faster Repeating Beep:''' An emitter is guiding a missile or is a missile.<br />
<br />
<br />
On the RWR gauge, the RWR knob will control the volume of the RWR tones.<br />
<br />
===Emitter Identifiers===<br />
''This list is, at present, not complete.''<br />
{|class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"<br />
!Type<br />
!RWR ID<br />
|-<br />
|U<br />
|Unknown<br />
|-<br />
|M<br />
|Active radar-homing missile<br />
|-<br />
|S<br />
|Search radar<br />
|-<br />
|3<br />
|SA-3 "Goa"<br />
|-<br />
|6<br />
|SA-6 "Gainful"<br />
|-<br />
|8<br />
|SA-8 "Gecko"<br />
|-<br />
|10<br />
|SA-10 "Grumble"<br />
|-<br />
|11<br />
|SA-11 "Gadfly"<br />
|-<br />
|11<br />
|F-111 Aardvark<br />
|-<br />
|12<br />
|SA-12 "Gladiator"<br />
|-<br />
|13<br />
|SA-13 "Gopher"<br />
|-<br />
|13<br />
|C-130 Hercules<br />
|-<br />
|14<br />
|F-14 Tomcat<br />
|-<br />
|15<br />
|F-15 Eagle<br />
|-<br />
|15 <br />
|SA-15 "Gauntlet"<br />
|-<br />
|16<br />
|F-16 Fighting Falcon<br />
|-<br />
|17<br />
|C-17 Globemaster III<br />
|-<br />
|18<br />
|F/A-18 Hornet<br />
|-<br />
|22<br />
|Tu-22 "Blinder"<br />
|-<br />
|23<br />
|MiG-23 "Flogger"<br />
|-<br />
|24<br />
|Su-24 "Fencer"<br />
|-<br />
|25<br />
|MiG-25 "Foxbat"<br />
|-<br />
|29<br />
|MiG-29 "Fulcrum"<br />
|-<br />
|29<br />
|Su-27 "Flanker"<br />
|-<br />
|29<br />
|Su-33 "Flanker-D"<br />
|-<br />
|30<br />
|Su-30 "Flanker-C"<br />
|-<br />
|31<br />
|MiG-31 "Foxhound"<br />
|-<br />
|34<br />
|Su-34 "Fullback"<br />
|-<br />
|39<br />
|Su-25M "Frogfoot"<br />
|-<br />
|40<br />
|''Spruance''-class destroyer<br />
|-<br />
|48<br />
|''Nimitz''-class carrier<br />
|-<br />
|49<br />
|''Oliver Hazard Perry''-class frigate<br />
|-<br />
|50<br />
|A-50 "Mainstay"<br />
|-<br />
|52<br />
|B-52 Stratofortress<br />
|-<br />
|76<br />
|IL-76 "Candid"<br />
|-<br />
|78<br />
|IL-78 "Midas"<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==AN/ALE-39 CMDS==<br />
[[File:f14 cms.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The AN/ALE-39 is the countermeasures dispensing set installed in the F-14B in this simulation. It controls its own set of launchers located between the engine nozzles on the underside of the so-called beaver-tail. The launchers each have two sections, one containing 10 cartridges and the other 20. They are referred to the left and right dispensers even though the left is really the front one and the right the back one with both being mounted inline on the left side of the tailhook. This is a remnant from the earliest model F-14s carrying the AN/ALE-29.<br />
<br />
This all sums up to a capacity of 60 cartridges in the system with each section necessarily holding one type of cartridges meaning that any combination of cartridges is possible as long as each type’s quantity is a multiple of 10. The system itself has no real knowledge of what is loaded where so incorrectly programming the system can lead to the wrong type of cartridge being ejected.<br />
<br />
===Cockpit Controls===<br />
The system itself can be operated manually from the control panel in the RIO pit or the DLC thumbwheel on the pilot stick when the flaps lever is in the up position. It is also capable of running programmed sequences of ejection which in turn can be initiated manually by the RIO from the control panel or the direction hats mounted on the handhold over the DDD. In addition, the AN/ALR-67 can also initiate the chaff ejection program if set up correctly on the AN/ALE-39 control panel.<br />
<br />
==AN/ALQ-126 DECM==<br />
The AN/ALQ-126 deception jammer is designed to detect radar threats, analyze them, select the optimum countermeasure technique available and apply it. Available techniques for jamming are amongst others, main lobe blanking, inverse con-scan, range-gate pull-off and swept square modes. In DCS this is modeled as a simple noise jammer due to engine limitations but controlled by the DECM logic as to when it’s on or off.<br />
<br />
===Cockpit Controls===<br />
The controls for the AN/ALQ-126 DECM are all located on the right horizontal panel in the RIO pit, the panel as the image above. In addition, there are two indication lights co-located with the RWR threat indicators on the right side of the TID. The mode selector knob controls power and operational mode that the system is in. The modes for the DECM are as follows:<br />
<br />
* '''OFF:''' turns off power to the system. STBY begins pre-warming of the system, taking in all-around 5 minutes.<br />
* '''TEST HOLD 3 SEC:''' is used to prepare the system for BIT, after 3 seconds in this mode, turn the knob to TEST - ACT.<br />
* '''TEST ACT:''' starts the BIT in the system. The BIT takes approximately 30 seconds and the RCV light will be illuminated the whole time while the XMIT light will flash twice. If the STANDBY light illuminates it indicates that a no-go condition exists in the system.<br />
* '''REC:''' enables the system to receive the only mode, enabling analyzation of threats and also the threat audio.<br />
* '''RPT:''' enables full system functionality, in addition to REC it also now tries to jam threats according to the selected method.<br />
<br />
=Television Camera Set=<br />
----<br />
[[File:tcs_symbology.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The F-14B is outfitted with the ALQ-100 Television Camera Set (TCS) pod, used for visually identifying aircraft during the time of which IFF was not a trusted/more inferior method to confirming hostile aircraft and to keep track of their position, as well as their living status.<br />
<br />
==Symbology==<br />
On the TID, in non-TV mode, a TCS track is indicated by a 1.5” strobe at TCS LOS azimuth with a hollow circle at the end.<br />
<br />
The symbology on the video feed from the TCS has indicators for the FOV and two crosshairs indicating TCS LOS relative own aircraft, GACH, and AN/AWG-9 radar LOS relative TCS LOS, RACH. Additionally, the track window is indicated by 4 small squares representing each corner of that window.<br />
<br />
The gimbal angle crosshairs or GACH, which is a solid cross, indicate deflection of the TCS LOS from the aircraft datum line, ADL. GACH crosshair in the center indicates TCS LOS along ADL and deflection towards the edges indicate deflection towards the gimbal limits with the video edges being maximum deflection.<br />
<br />
RACH or radar angle crosshairs, a dashed crosshair, indicate radar antenna LOS when inside the current TCS FOV. When the sensors slave to one another RACH and GACH will coincide creating a single solid crosshair.<br />
<br />
The track window indicates the area that the TCS contrast tracker is currently locked on to if it has acquired a target. When not in an active track these squares collapse into the center of the display being 2% of the screen width when in manual mode and 5% when in an auto mode.<br />
<br />
=LANTIRN Targeting Pod=<br />
----<br />
[[File:flir.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The F-14B can carry the AN/AAQ-14 Low Altitude Navigation and Targeting Infrared For Night (LANTIRN) targeting pod. This pod consists of a Forward-Looking Infrared (FLIR) camera (which also includes a digital charged coupled device camera) for target locating and observing, a Laser Target Designator/Ranger for firing a laser that both designates targets for laser-homing weapons and gathers ranging information for designating whatever the FLIR is pointed at as an air-to-ground, and a Laser Spot Tracker (LST) which can search for and track a laser, allowing for the FLIR to be cued onto an offboard (ground or air-designated) laser from another unit and then designate a Target off said point; this allows for most effective buddy-lasing. The targeting pod can be used in both air-to-ground and air-to-air functions, but the LTD/R and LST are only used for A/G operation.<br />
<br />
==Symbology==<br />
The following areas on the LANTIRN are to represent:<br />
# '''A/C Position Data:''' Displays aircraft LAT/LON, altitude, and groundspeed information.<br />
# '''LANTIRN Polarity:''' Displays white or hot background. AGC is for automatic gain control, MGC is for manual gain control.<br />
# '''LANTIRN Information:''' Gives general information on the pod. SR is for slant range, AZ/EL for azimuth/elevation of sight, and rest is UTC time.<br />
# '''LANTIRN Track Mode:''' Displays the current tracking mode. A/A is for air-to-air, A/G is for air-to-ground. Right side is for current selected weapon.<br />
# '''Track Data:''' Displays information of LAT/LON and altitude of where the sight is at.<br />
# '''Track:''' Displays the hairs for point and area track, and what the sight is directly pointed at.<br />
# '''Launch Envelopes:''' The top tape is for the heading relative of the aircraft to the track. The right side tape is for the release point.<br />
<br />
=TARPS Pod=<br />
----<br />
Not yet implemented.<br />
<br />
=Air-to-Air Radar=<br />
----<br />
==Detail Data Display==<br />
[[File:f14 ddd.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
Among the 3 digital displays, the Detail Data Display gives the RIO information about contacts from the AWG-9 radar in terms of range and radar mode, with respect to the notch filter.<br />
<br />
===Notch Filter===<br />
The AWG-9 radar in the F-14B Tomcat has a notch filter when using the pulse-doppler radar modes under certain conditions. These conditions include, but are not limited to:<br />
<br />
* ~100 knot difference of the aircraft relative to contact<br />
* Contact flying 90 degrees perpendicular CW/CCW to aircraft<br />
* Masking with ground terrain scan return<br />
<br />
<br />
There is a rough line shown in the radar modes, likewise of the jamming lobe, for when considering the notch filter that the contact will disappear from.<br />
<br />
==Tactical Information Display==<br />
[[File:f14 tid.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The Tactical Information Display (TID) gives the RIO of the F-14B the main information on the AWG-9 radar, including situational awareness, range, altitude, and contact heading.<br />
<br />
===Display Modes===<br />
The TID comes with a total of 8 display modes available, that can be toggled either on or off for purposes of gathering more information or decluttering:<br />
<br />
* '''RID DISABLE:''' ? needs more info. Not yet implemented.<br />
* '''ALT NUM:''' Displays the altitude of contact with a singular digit rounded to the nearest thousand.<br />
* '''SYM ELEM:''' Displays the symbology of contacts corresponding to HAFU.<br />
* '''DATA LINK:''' Displays contacts from the datalink frequency.<br />
* '''JAM STROBE:''' Displays the jamming strobes. Not yet implemented.<br />
* '''NON-ATTK:''' Displays determined (manual IFF or datalink) HAFU of friendly contacts.<br />
* '''VEL VECTOR:''' Displays the velocity vectors of contacts.<br />
* '''LAUNCH ZONE:''' Displays contact approximate missile launch zones.<br />
<br />
==AN/AWG-9 Radar==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat is equipped with the AN/AWG-9 all-weather and pulse-doppler radar. It is a very long-range radar used for the main purpose of intercept.<br />
<br />
===Radar Modes===<br />
The AWG-9 in the F-14B comes with 2 types of radar modes: doppler and pulse-doppler search. Of those two, subsets are able to be observed as 5 in this list:<br />
<br />
* '''PD SRCH:''' Pulse-Doppler Search mode. No bias factor of the radar, but impedes to pulse-doppler methods.<br />
* '''PD STT:''' Pulse-Doppler Single Target Track mode. By default upon acquiring a lock with the AWG-9, the radar will move to this function mode. It is currently suspectable to the notch filter.<br />
* '''RWS:''' Range While Search mode. The radar will prioritize the range of targets but not other factors. Falls under pulse-doppler.<br />
* '''TWS MAN:''' Track While Scan - Manual mode. The radar will prioritize the situational awareness of other targets but not give information on every target. The radar will also prioritize targets by threat importance.<br />
* '''TWS AUTO:''' Track While Scan - Auto mode. The radar will perform the same as TWS Man, but the elevation and azimuth controls will be automated in the process for an optimal scan.<br />
* '''PULSE SRCH:''' Pulse Search mode. No bias factor of the radar and can not be impeded to the notch filter, unlike the pulse-doppler method. The radar will, however, output a return of everything that is scanned and requires tuning.<br />
* '''PULSE STT:''' Pulse Single Target Track mode. Performing similarly to Pulse Search mode, this function mode applies to only a single target and is not suspectable to the notch filter.<br />
<br />
====Pulse-Doppler Search Mode====<br />
[[File:f14 pulsedoppler.png|thumb|350px]]<br />
The pulse-doppler search mode is used mainly as a kind of early warning mode. It is the search mode with the greatest detection range but it can display no range to the RIO, only closure rate. For this reason, the TID can display no track information.<br />
<br />
====Pulse-Doppler STT Mode====<br />
[[File:f14 pdstt.png|thumb|350px]]<br />
The pulse-doppler STT works and looks much like the pulse STT mode. It does, however, have the same advantages and disadvantages compared to pulse STT as the other pulse-doppler modes compared to the pulse modes. This means that while much better at tracking a target close to the ground it is however vulnerable to notching.<br />
<br />
The DDD display for pulse-doppler STT looks like pulse STT display except that the target return and antenna azimuth display are moved to the left side of the screen and a generated synthetic target marker is displayed at the correct azimuth instead. This is so that the targets range can be displayed by the synthetic target, unlike the other pulse-doppler modes which only shows closure rate. The other symbology on the DDD in this mode are the same as in pulse STT.<br />
<br />
====Range While Search Mode====<br />
In range while search, a frequency measuring ranging mode is added (FM ranging) to allow the radar to measure the range of tracked targets in addition to closure rate. This additional processing does, however, mean that the effective range of the radar is somewhat lesser. The display on the DDD is the same as in pulse-doppler search, the TID however also shows tracks in this mode showing the targets as tracks momentarily as they’re scanned and displaying their position and altitude. <br />
<br />
The targets are shown for a maximum of two seconds or until the antenna again scans the same bar at the same azimuth at which time it is removed unless detected again. The maximum number of concurrently shown tracks are 48.<br />
<br />
====TWS Manual Mode====<br />
The track, while scan mode uses the same FM ranging as RWS with the same reduction in range compared to pulse-doppler search and the DDD display, is also the same. The main difference that the computer establishes track files and tracks up to 24 targets concurrently of which 18 can be shown on the TID at any given time.<br />
<br />
As the computer routine calculating these tracks need a set track refresh time of 2 seconds this limits available azimuth scan area and bar settings to either 20° 4 bars or 40° 2 bars. When entering TWS the computer automatically selects the ±20° 4 bar scan disregarding the RIO set scan volumes unless those are set to ±40° 2 bars in which case that is used instead.<br />
<br />
The TWS mode is also the only mode enabling guidance of the AIM-54 at multiple targets (up to six), and as soon as engageable targets are detected the computer starts assigning them a missile priority number according to optimal missile firing sequence.<br />
<br />
====TWS Auto Mode====<br />
Performing similarly to TWS Man mode, what differs between the two is that in TWS auto the computer takes control of used scan volume and scan pattern azimuth and elevation as soon as target tracks are present. The WCS computer automatically tries to optimize the scan volume and direction so that tracking of the prioritized targets is maximized. If not selected before launch the WCS overrides as soon as the first AIM-54 is launched and selects TWS Auto.<br />
<br />
====Pulse Search Mode====<br />
[[File:f14 pulse.png|thumb|350px]]<br />
Pulse search is used to search for and find airborne targets at range. It is possible to use this radar mode as a basic ground mapper as well which can be useful for navigation and navigational fixes and can also be used in a pinch to detect larger surface targets like ships. Keep in mind though that the radar is not built with this as its main function and that a real air-to-ground radar will outperform it handily.<br />
<br />
In this mode, the radar cannot by itself differentiate targets and generate tracks meaning that the WCS will not generate track files and display anything on the TID. This also means that pulse search is not capable of guiding missiles.<br />
<br />
====Pulse STT Mode====<br />
[[File:f14 pstt.png|thumb|350px]]<br />
Pulse STT is used to track a single target, like pulse search mode it is not susceptible to notching but it is to ground clutter. The fact that the STT modes use gates to track the target, in this case, range gates, means that it is less susceptible to ground clutter but a target close enough to the ground that the ground return enters the range gates would be likely to shake the lock.<br />
<br />
As it is only in the pulse-doppler modes that the missile guidance commands can be sent pulse STT is limited to launching AIM-7s in CW mode and AIM-54s in an active launch mode limiting their ranges. At short ranges, ACM ranges, it is possible to use the ASPECT switch to set what aspect of the target to track, this is just to counter different types of countermeasures. As an example, if set to NOSE the radar will be less susceptible to chaff as the radar weights its track towards the targets leading-edge (nose) away from the chaff being launched behind the target.<br />
<br />
A successful track is indicated by the ANT TRK and RDROT indicator lights on the DDD, meaning that the antenna is tracking the target and that the target is within the range gates. If the target is jamming with sufficient strength, negating a range track, the radar will transition to a jam angle track instead, indicated by the JAT indicator light on the DDD illuminating instead of the RDROT. When range tracking is again possible at closer ranges the radar will transition to that instead.<br />
<br />
The DDD in this mode will be similar to the pulse search mode but the antenna will be locked onto the target and not scan. Additionally, the DDD will show the range gates around the target, a closing rate symbol at the right scale and applicable attack symbology if a valid missile is selected.<br />
<br />
===Anti-Jamming Modes===<br />
Not yet implemented.<br />
<br />
===AN/APX-76 IFF Interrogator===<br />
The AN/APX-76 IFF (Identification Friend or Foe) interrogator is integrated into the AN/AWG-9 operation. Then interrogator antenna itself is located on the AN/AWG-9 antenna gimbal platform. An IFF system works by sending out an interrogation pulse and then listening for returns from cooperating transponders. In addition to the unencrypted civilian mode the AN/APX-76 is capable of interrogating in the encrypted military mode 4. This ensures that targets replying to mode 4 interrogations are indeed friendly. The AN/APX-76 can be used both in search radar modes and in STT radar modes. To enable interrogation the IFF switch is depressed on the Detail Data Display Panel which then activates the interrogator for as long as the button is held up to 10 seconds max.<br />
<br />
When enabled IFF received IFF returns are then overlaid on the normal AN/AWG-9 radar returns on the DDD. A friendly target will be indicated with two bars, one above and one below the normal radar return. As the AN/APX-76 is a separate radar, secondary mode, radar apart from the AWG-9 the IFF can sometimes also detect targets not detected by the AWG-9. In this case the IFF return will not have a radar echo inside it. In the search mode this is overlaid over each target replying and in STT over the STT target. Additionally, if the STT target is hooked on the TID the DDD will switch from normal range display to a ±10 NM display to enable display of multiple returns in case of closely grouped targets.<br />
<br />
==HAFU/Datalink==<br />
[[File:HAFU.png|right|80px]]<br />
Hostile, Ambiguous, Friendly or Unknown (HAFU) is a symbology system used by the F/A-18 to represent trackfiles; specifically, to show its status as a friendly or hostile. It is usually what trackfiles are displayed as across the software.<br />
<br />
There are four HAFU symbols:<br />
*'''Triangle:''' Hostile (red when colored)<br />
*'''Thick Staple:''' Ambiguous (yellow when colored)<br />
*'''Half-Circle:''' Friendly (green when colored)<br />
*'''Thin Staple:''' Unknown (yellow when colored)<br />
<br />
<br />
All types except ambiguous can be manually assigned via the [[#SA Format|Situational Awareness]] format. Tracks will also be automatically identified as explained below.<br />
<br />
A hostile HAFU will be assigned whenever:<br />
* A negative IFF response is returned, and<br />
** An NCTR print returns with an aircraft type that is on the hostile coalition; or<br />
** A SURV (surveillance, like an AWACS) source over datalink also marks it hostile; or<br />
** A F/F (fighter-fighter, like another F/A-18) source over datalink also marks it hostile.<br />
<br />
<br />
An ambiguous HAFU will be assigned when the aircraft and a donor have conflicting identifications (friendly and hostile).<br />
<br />
A friendly HAFU will be assigned whenever an IFF interrogation returns as friendly or the track itself is contributed to by the Precise Participant Location and Identification (PPLI) system.<br />
<br />
An unknown HAFU will be assigned by default until it is updated by meeting one of the requirements above.<br />
<br />
=Air-to-Air Weapons=<br />
----<br />
This area will cover over all the different air-to-air weapons brought with the F-14B Tomcat.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Air Gun==<br />
[[File:f14 gun aa.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
''Using Real-Time mode.''<br />
<br />
The F-14 Tomcat is outfitted with the M61A1 Vulcan 6-barreled Gatling cannon, being able to hold up a maximum of 675 rounds internally.<br />
<br />
===Gun Rates===<br />
The cannon offers 2 modes of combat in the F-14B: <br />
<br />
* '''LOW:''' mode which slows down the muzzle rate, used for Air-to-Ground.<br />
* '''HIGH:''' mode which is to be used for Basic Fighter Maneuvering. (BFM)<br />
<br />
===Gun Modes===<br />
The cannon for Air-to-Air mode is able to be placed into 2 following positions:<br />
<br />
* '''Manual:''' this mode is able to be selected by depressing the CAGE/SEAM button, which will then only display the pipper and ammo count.<br />
* '''Real-Time:''' this mode is the regular, default mode. Along with a radar lock, the pipper will calculate to be accurate when directed to the diamond contact box. This will also give a closure rate towards the contact and the range relative to the aircraft.<br />
<br />
===Symbology===<br />
<br />
The symbology for the cannon is displayed on the HUD with the weapon master selector in the GUN position, and display in A/A. By default, the gun rounds indicator will be displayed as 0 for rounds per 100. Located next to the display panel to the right is the gun ammo counter. Additionally, the gunsight elevation is also able to be adjusted underneath the steer commands on the display panel.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Air Missiles==<br />
===Missile Preparation===<br />
Missile preparation in the F-14B Tomcat is started by moving the master arm switch on the ACM panel underneath the HUD to ON. This is then followed by pressing the MSL PREP and SW COOL buttons to be ON, depending on the armament type.<br />
<br />
===AIM-54 Phoenix===<br />
The AIM-54 is a long-range, semi-active radar missile for Air-to-Air use. The F-14 was the only aircraft to carry it in service and was used to take down Soviet bombers. However, it is able to be used on fighters as well. The AIM-54 comes with a proximity fuse and missile gate suite for non-direct contact explosions and radar tracking methods. <br />
<br />
Upon the launch of the missile, active input from the AN/AWG-9 radar is used to guide itself towards the contact. When reaching pitbull range (~20 nmi.) the missile will then use the radar in itself and steer until impact. <br />
<br />
The time until impact will be calculated during the whole flight of the missile after the launch sequence on the TID as a seconds counter next to the contact.<br />
<br />
====Missile Variants====<br />
The AIM-54 for the F-14 in DCS is not only just 1 variant but 2 provided for the aircraft:<br />
<br />
* '''AIM-54A Mk.60:''' The A variant Mk.60 is a specific version of the AIM-54 Phoenix which utilizes burn time and speed over agility and smoke. The Mk.60 is able to be fired from at most ~100 nmi. under optimal conditions, factoring altitude, kinetic airspeed, contact airspeed, and altitude. The recommended firing distance of the variant, however, is ~45 nmi.<br />
* '''AIM-54C Mk.47:''' The C variant Mk.47 is a later upgrade to the missile that utilizes agility and smoke over burn time and speed. While the C variant provides a no-smoke solution, it lacks the favoring of speed and distance. Under optimal conditions similar to the A, this missile variant is best at ~60 nmi. The recommended distance to contact for firing is ~30 nmi.<br />
<br />
====Launch Modes====<br />
The main seeker in the AIM-54 is able to be fired through 3 launch modes in according:<br />
<br />
# '''Semi-active Radar Homing (SARH):''' In the first stage of the AIM-54 engagement, the missile is guided semi-actively by the AN/AWG-9 radar using both guidance commands transmitted via the radar and radar energy reflected off the target. Then when the missile is within range of its seeker’s ARH mode the AN/AWG-9 commands the missile to switch to ARH. In pulse doppler STT the AIM-54 uses SARH all the way to the target receiving guidance commands at a greater rate than in TWS and also continuous spotlighting of the target because of the STT mode being used. This increases the effective range of the AIM-54 seeker slightly.<br />
# '''Active Radar Homing (ARH):''' This tells the WCS to immediately command the AIM-54 to go active in the first guidance command after launch. If launched at a target within 6 NM if in the targets rear hemisphere or 10 NM miles if in its forward hemisphere the WCS will also automatically command this mode instead of a SARH mode. If the target is not detected actively by the seeker it will still fall back to SARH until the seeker can acquire on its own like in the two SARH modes.<br />
# '''ACM Active:''' The missile is commanded active before launch making this the only mode where the missile is truly fire and forget. The AIM-54 missile receives the active message before launching from the WCS in addition to a command prepositioning the seeker-head to have it look at the current WCS track if available.<br />
<br />
<br />
Additionally, the AIM-54 has an unofficial method of launching the missile:<br />
<br />
* '''Mad-dogging:''' A method that uses the aircraft relative to their contact altitude and airspeed and firing the AIM-54 in the direction, which will force it to become semi-active within the pitbull range.<br />
<br />
====HUD Symbology====<br />
[[File:f14 aim54 hud.png|thumb|400px]]<br />
The pilot will receive standard symbology of the AIM-54 missile selected when the display is in A/A mode. Similar to the GUNS format, displayed on the HUD will be the weapon type denoted in 2 letters, and the number of missiles. Additionally, any more advanced symbology will occur by lock, which is required at first to fire the missile without "mad-dogging."<br />
<br />
====VDI Symbology====<br />
[[File:f14 aim54 vdi.png|thumb|400px]]<br />
The pilot will also receive additional symbology on the VDI whenever a radar lock occurs with the AIM-54 selected.<br />
<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
===AIM-7 Sparrow===<br />
The AIM-7 Sparrow is an active-radar guided missile for Air-to-Air employment. This missile requires an active radar lock to a contact in order to guide itself for impact. The benefit of this missile is that it is able to lose trackoing guidance if the aircraft breaks the lock on a friendly contact, as well as being able to be used in a mixed scenario.<br />
<br />
The maximum range of the Sparrow under optimal conditions as the Phoenix is ~25 nmi. The recommended distance, however, is roughly ~10 nmi.<br />
<br />
===AIM-9 Sidewinder===<br />
The AIM-9 Sidewinder is an IR-guided missile that self tracks based off of thermal energy (heat) of an aircraft. This missile should be used for close quarters range, where agility and speed are a high priority. The benefit of this missile is how quickly it can turn onto a contact. However, a con to this can be "sun-aiming," where the missile follows a contact that flies directly to the sun and immediately flanks out of the sensor sight of the Sidewinder.<br />
<br />
The maximum range on this missile is ~10 nmi., but recommended range is within ~5 nmi. under optimal conditions.<br />
<br />
=Air-to-Ground Weapons=<br />
----<br />
The F-14B Tomcat comes with a variety of air-to-ground weapons after the upgrade to the Bombcat.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Ground Gun==<br />
The symbology of the Air-to-Ground Gun is similar to of the Air-to-Air mode. The weapon will instead keep a diamond inside with the cross until passing the horizon threshold. All happens with the Gun selected and the HUD steering command in A/G mode.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Ground Bombs==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat is able to carry numerous types of munitions that act as bombs, whether dumb or laser-guided.<br />
<br />
===Mk-20/81/82/83/84 GPB===<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
===GBU-12/14/16 LGB===<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
===BDU-33 Training Bomb===<br />
The BDU-33 is a training bomb that emits smoke upon impact on a hard surface. This is generally used in training for Air-to-Ground in the Tomcat, and among other aircraft.<br />
<br />
===ADM-141 TALD===<br />
The ADM-141 Towed Air Launch Defense (TALD) missile is a decoy weapon that is employed for doing Suppression of Enemy Air Defenses. (SEAD) The TALD missile represents one of the only true SEAD weapons used in DCS World that is not DEAD-related. The objective of the TALD is to be dropped to confuse SAM sites that use radar guidance so other aircraft are able to destroy them, hence being "suppressed."<br />
<br />
The TALD is only able to be successfully launched when the RWR is receiving a radar lock warning or missile warning in the F-14 Tomcat. Only the F-14B Tomcat is able to use this weapon.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Ground Rockets==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat carries 4 4-count Zuni rockets, which are precision, unguided rockets that are able to be fired in an Air-to-Ground configuration.<br />
<br />
=Resources=<br />
----<br />
==Contributors==<br />
* Jak: An early contributor who wrote information on what the aircraft was and helping serve filler content.<br />
* Nullspec: Contributor towards the F/A-18C Hornet on implemented/non-implemented for the formatting.<br />
<br />
==Manuals & Documents==<br />
* [https://info.publicintelligence.net/F14AAP-1B.pdf F-14B NATOPS Pocket Checklist]<br />
* [http://www.heatblur.se/F-14Manual/ Heatblur F-14 Manual]<br />
* [https://www.mudspike.com/chucks-guides-dcs-f-14b-tomcat/ Chuck's F-14 Guide]<br />
<br />
==Heatblur's Videos==<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q1o7E9pb95Y Episode 1: Overview]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OO3IdQjAdDA Episode 2: Pilot's Cockpit Walkaround]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ws1GxPG2ZXw Episode 3: Cold And Dark (Full Startup)]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kgpGO7fj4oU Episode 4: The RIO's Office]<br />
<br />
==Jabbers' Tutorial Videos==<br />
(They're good!)<br />
<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2qwlJs__iYk Pilot - Startup/Taxi/Takeoff with JESTER AI]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b5opjCygZug Pilot - Maneuvering and Flight Characteristics]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f4y2oZ-7rM8 Pilot - Air-to-Air Refueling]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ujk4hL_EnUc Pilot - ACM - Radar Acquisition Modes]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wftck0C3fJ8 Pilot - Weapons - Zuni Rockets with JESTER AI]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4m-Q02gxFEA Pilot - Weapons - AIM-9 Sidewinder]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SWeHtpJ00JI RIO - Startup]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r4-Dd4ss2Rc RIO - AWG-9 Radar]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YG7sWweg2RQ RIO - IFF Interrogation]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2q-bHFyTEr8 Overview - AIM-54C Mk.47 Phoenix - Tacview Debrief]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PyAQpqVhtBY Overview - AIM-54A Mk.60 Phoenix - Tacview Debrief]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4groy-_Bxfk Quick Tips - AIM-54 Phoenix]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Is3AtOX-abw Quick Tips - Bombing]<br />
<br />
==RedKite's Tutorial Videos==<br />
(More in-depth on particular systems, referenced throughout the guide.)<br />
<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R9-8UCj66Ds Pilot/RIO - LANTIRN & LGB Bombs]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k5femxA_lis Pilot/RIO - ICLS & ACLS]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YqQz9YrEi6A Pilot/RIO - INS Fix]</div>Siriushttps://wiki.hoggitworld.com/index.php?title=F-14A/B&diff=10684F-14A/B2019-10-02T12:27:04Z<p>Sirius: /* Air-to-Ground Rockets */</p>
<hr />
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<br />
{{ModuleInfo<br />
|modulename=F-14A/B<br />
|modulethumb=F-14 HB Oman.jpeg<br />
|guidelink=http://www.heatblur.se/F-14Manual/index.html<br />
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<br />
<div class="alert alert-info" role="alert"><br />
'''NOTE:''' This guide is currently under a work-in-progress (WIP) state. If you have any information pertaining to the topics or feedback, please relay them over to Sirius#0002 on Discord, or in the Hoggit Discord #wiki-discussion channel. Thanks!<br />
<br />
This page is focused on the DCS World F-14A/B Tomcat module, which is still in Early Access. Some information may be missing.<br />
</div><br />
<br />
The Grumman '''F-14A/B''' Tomcat is a two-seat, twin-engine supersonic variable wing-sweep fighter aircraft. The F-14 was the first US fighter jet with twin tails and was the largest & heaviest US fighter to ever fly from an aircraft carrier. The reason that the F-14 was so incredibly large and heavy was that it carried the large AWG-9 radar and accompanying AIM-54 Phoenix (air-to-air) missiles: this very capable combination allowed the F-14 to make shots of up to 200 nautical miles at the bad guys. Also, being big means you can carry a lot of fuel!<br />
<br />
Of course, the practical range of the AWG-9 is rather more limited, especially if you are shooting at more maneuverable fighter-sized targets, but even at these closer ranges, the AIM-54 Phoenix is still a capable missile that should not be underestimated. The F-14 is also capable of carrying an array of air-to-ground weapons, such as dumb bombs in both high and low drag forms, air-to-ground Zuni rockets and even laser-guided bombs, which can be self-designated using the LANTIRN targeting pod on the F-14.<br />
<br />
Most people will recognize and adore the F-14 because of its stardom presence in that one weird volleyball movie from the '80s. Its on-screen presence in movies will make the F-14 to appear docile and easy to fly, but due to lack of a fly-by-wire the F-14 can be a real handful: it being a pilot's aircraft however makes it fun to fly and learn. The analogous nature of the F-14 (comparable to the F-5E II Tigershark) will give you a good knowledge of the airplane over time but requires a bit of a different mindset that the computerized flight of the F/A-18C and the F-15.<br />
<br />
__TOC__<br />
<br />
=Weapons List=<br />
----<br />
==Implemented==<br />
Partially or fully implemented weapons of the F14/A/B Tomcat:<br />
* M61 Vulcan Six-Barreled Gatling Gun<br />
* AIM-7M/F Sparrow<br />
* CAP/AIM-9M Sidewinder<br />
* AIM-54A Phoenix Mk. 60<br />
* AIM-54C Phoenix Mk. 47<br />
* Mk-81, 82, 83, and 84 <br />
* GBU-10, 12, 16, and 24 <br />
* MK-20 Rockeye<br />
* Zuni Rockets<br />
* BDU-33 Practice Bombs<br />
* ADM-141 TALD<br />
* LUU-2 Parachute Flare<br />
* Smokewinder<br />
* LANTIRN Pod<br />
* FPU-1 Fuel Tank<br />
<br />
==Planned==<br />
Weapons not yet implemented into the Tomcat:<br />
* TARPS Pod<br />
<br />
=Hands On Throttle And Stick (HOTAS)=<br />
----<br />
==Throttle==<br />
[[File:throttle.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The throttle of the F-14 Tomcat consists of 2 quadrants, both for the left and right engines. There is an afterburner detent along with a cutoff detent for maximum throttle and shutdown of the engine for each quadrant.<br />
<br />
The throttle has the following controls:<br />
# '''Speed Brake Switch:''' 2-position switch. "EXT" is a momentary and needed input position that extends the speed brake outward depending on the aircraft speed.<br />
# '''Wing Sweep Switch:''' 4-way hat switch. "AUTO" sets the wing to sweep automatically determined by an onboard computer, "BOMB" sets the wing to sweep in an angled position between fully extended and retracted and dependent on speed for the air-to-ground bombing.<br />
# '''PLM Button:''' multifunction button. When the steering command is in A2A mode, this acts as a pilot lock-on tool for the AWG-9 radar. But when used for landing and/or in the LDG steering command mode, this allows for disengagement of the ACLS.<br />
# '''CAGE/SEAM Button:''' multifunction button. When the steering command is in A2A mode, this allows for CAGE/SEAM lock-on of the AIM-9 Sidewinder. But when used for landing and/or in the LDG steering command mode, this allows for disengagement of the APC.<br />
# '''Exterior Light Switch:''' 2-position switch. Used to toggle the exterior lights of the aircraft.<br />
# '''ICS PTT Switch:''' 2-position switch. Acts as a push-to-talk system for the ICS system inside of the aircraft used between the Pilot and RIO. (or JESTER AI)<br />
<br />
==Control Stick==<br />
[[File:stick.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The control stick is located in the center of the cockpit, mounted onto the floor. Left and right movements of the control stick direct hydraulic movement to the spoilers and horizontal stabilizers of the aircraft. Forward and backward movement result to respectively the same but to the horizontal stabilizers.<br />
<br />
The control stick has the following controls:<br />
# '''Bomb Release Button:''' single-purpose button. When pressed in A2G steering command mode, all pylons selected with bombs will release respective of the ripple settings, type, and interval.<br />
# '''Trim Hat:''' 4-way hat switch. Upward movement moves the aircraft downward, and downward movement moves the aircraft upward. Both left and right movements follow to their directions according to their name.<br />
# '''Weapon Select Hat:''' 4-way hat switch. Bottom selection is OFF, and a ridge requires a momentary push action to move in/out of to GUN. Following all to the top are SW, then SP/PH which requires a momentary push action to switch between.<br />
# '''DLC & Maneuver Flap Command Wheel:''' scrollable dial. Moving it with the landing gears fully deployed acts as a variable control for spoiler extension. With the landing gears up, the dial also acts the same but for flaps and slats.<br />
# '''DLC Engage/Disengage & CMS Dispense Button:''' multifunction button. When pressed with the landing gears fully deployed, this controls the engagement and disengagement of the DLC system. But with the landing gears fully retracted, this allows for pilot control of the CMS system.<br />
# '''Autopilot Reference & NWS Button:''' multifunction button. When the aircraft is up in the air, this controls specific autopilot settings. But when the aircraft is on the ground, this controls the activation of the nosewheel steering system.<br />
# '''Autopilot Emergency Disengage Paddle:''' multifunction button. Disengages all autopilot modes and DLC and releases all autopilot switches and roll and pitch SAS switches to OFF position.<br />
# '''Weapon Firing Trigger:''' two-stage trigger switch. The first detent enables CTVS and gun camera. Second detent releases selected forwards firing the weapon.<br />
<br />
=Flight Controls & Landing Gear=<br />
----<br />
==Flight Controls==<br />
[[File:Wheels-flaps.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The F-14B has a large hydraulic system which covers for all of the control surfaces of the aircraft. Without the hydraulic system, or taking damage the controls are in risk of improperly working. The F-14 Tomcat was the last of its generation to have no integration of an FBW or FCS system, which was introduced with the F-15 Eagle.<br />
<br />
The F-14's primary flight controls are:<br />
* '''Left Spoilers (LES):''' A set of spoilers that lie within the left wing of the aircraft that help with aileron movement and control that react opposite of the intended direction.<br />
* '''Right Spoilers (RES):''' A set of spoilers that lie within the right wing of the aircraft that help with aileron movement and control that react opposite of the intended direction.<br />
* '''Tailerons (TAIL):''' Two horizontal stabilizers located on the rear end of the aircraft that control both pitch and aileron movement.<br />
* '''Leading Edge Flaps (LEF):''' Normal slats located on the leading (front) edge of the wings to add lift.<br />
* '''Trailing Edge Flaps (TEF):''' Normal flaps located on the trailing (back) edge of the wings to add lift.<br />
<br />
<br />
The control stick controls the stabilators, ailerons, and rudder and the rudder pedals control the rudder.<br />
<br />
===Flaps System===<br />
The aircraft's flap system provides more lift (and as a byproduct, drag). The flaps lever has two positions:<br />
* '''NONE:''' This applies no flap whatsoever to the wings of the aircraft.<br />
* '''FULL:''' This applies full movement of flaps to the wings of the aircraft.<br />
<br />
<br />
The flaps lever allows for variable movement, which gives the pilot the ability to control the amount of flap they wish for.<br />
<br />
===Speed Brake===<br />
The speed brake is a flap located on the end of the aircraft designed to provide drag to decelerate faster. It is activated via the speed brake switch on the throttle. The two positions are:<br />
* '''EXT:''' When the switch is moved aft, this extends the speed brake of the aircraft out depending on the airspeed.<br />
* '''RET:''' When the switch is moved forward, this retracts the speed brake.<br />
<br />
===Trim===<br />
The tailerons are capable of being trimmed to make roll and pitch corrections. This is accomplished with the trim hat on the controls stick. When the autopilot system is engaged, the onboard computer will attempt to make active trim movements in order to keep the aircraft within the specified attitude when set, along of the setting parameters. As speed is either gained or lost, the trim will actively move the stick as well along of the tailerons to adapt.<br />
<br />
===Wing Sweep===<br />
The wings of the aircraft are a variable-sweep design allowing for automatic or manual movements from pilot input on the right throttle quadrant. Similar to wing fold, the wings are able to be overswept from its maximum position through a master reset of the system in order to allow tighter space and closer parking on the carrier deck.<br />
<br />
==Landing Gear==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat has 3 retractable landing gears: the nose gear, the left gear, and the right gear. The gear is moved via the gear lever on the left side of the cockpit. In the up position, the gear will retract. In the down position, the gear will extend. The gear lever cannot be put up with weight on wheels. The gear will not retract with the launch bar extended.<br />
<br />
===Nosewheel Steering===<br />
The nose gear features nosewheel steering (NWS) controlled by the rudder pedals. With the weight off of the wheels, it is disengaged. It automatically engages upon there being the weight on wheels. NWS is disengaged manually via the button on the stick.<br />
<br />
===Launch Bar===<br />
On the front nosegear is a launch bar that attaches the airplane to a catapult from launches from an aircraft carrier. Its deployment is pilot-controlled, but it is connected to the catapult by the ground crew (DCS default binding is U).<br />
<br />
It is controlled via the launch bar switch on the left upper console. When the switch in the RETRACT position, the launch bar will retract, but physically cannot do so when connected to the catapult. The switch will move to the RETRACT position automatically when there is a weight off wheels. In the EXTEND position, the launch bar will extend if there is the weight on wheels.<br />
<br />
=Autopilot and Autothrottle=<br />
----<br />
The F-14 Tomcat has the ability to automate certain types of flight via its Automatic Flight Control System (AFCS) and Automatic Throttle Control (ATC). The AFCS, or simply the autopilot, control the flight surfaces and the ATC controls the throttles.<br />
<br />
==AFCS==<br />
[[File:afcs.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The Automatic Flight Control System (AFCS), or just the "autopilot", controls the aircraft's flight controls to automate maneuvering. It is interfaced on the autopilot panel via the A/P engage switch. On the autopilot panel, there are 7 modes able to be toggled:<br />
# '''Pitch Stabilizer Augmentation:''' 2-position switch. This switch controls the ability for the pitch to be augmented for dampening.<br />
# '''Roll Stabilizer Augmentation:''' 2-position switch. This switch controls the ability for the roll to be augmented for dampening.<br />
# '''Yaw Stabilizer Augmentation:''' 2-position switch. This switch controls the ability for the yaw to be augmented for dampening.<br />
# '''VEC/PCD/ACL Switch:''' 3-position switch. This switch controls the remote control modes of autopilot with the steering bars and ACLS.<br />
# '''ALT Switch:''' 2-position switch.' This switch controls the ability to maintain the current altitude when autopilot is engaged.<br />
# '''HDG/GT Switch:''' 3-position switch. This switch controls the ability to maintain the current heading when autopilot is engaged.<br />
# '''ENGAGE Switch:''' 2-position switch. This switch engages and disengages the autopilot.<br />
<br />
==ATC==<br />
The automatic throttle control (ATC), or just "autothrottle", controls the physical throttles and thereby automated thrust control. ATC is toggled via ATC engage/disengage switch next to the throttle. When the ATC is engaged, the physical means of the throttle quadrants will begin to move on their own. However, whenever the pilot makes any new movement to the throttle whatsoever, the ATC will disengage to allow pilot control over both of the engines. The ATC is primarily used for landing on a carrier along of the ACLS system.<br />
<br />
=Digital Systems Overview=<br />
----<br />
[[File:displays.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
==Pilot==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat comes with 2 digital display screens in the Pilot cockpit:<br />
* '''Vertical Display Indicator (VDI):''' a multifunction display that allows for the pilot to see their HUD in a form of a repeater, and the [[#Television Camera Set|TCS]].<br />
* '''Horizontal Situation Display Indicator (HSD):''' a multifunction display that allows for the pilot to see their virtual compass for navigation modes, and the [[#AWG-9 Pulse-Doppler Radar|AWG-9 Radar]] from the RIO TID as a repeater.<br />
<br />
===Heads Up Display===<br />
The head-up display (HUD) is a projected display at the front of the cockpit that serves as the primary flight instrument. It also provides various indications for weapon delivery; this section will cover the HUD's indications in NAV master mode. Master mode/weapon-specific indications on the HUD will be covered in the relevant section.<br />
<br />
====Reject Modes====<br />
Via the switches next to the TO button on the displays panel, you are able to "declutter" or remove information off of the HUD.<br />
<br />
==Radar Intercept Officer==<br />
The Radar Intercept Officer (RIO) comes with 3 digital display screens in the RIO cockpit:<br />
* '''Detail Data Display (DDD):''' a dual-purpose display that allows for the RIO to see contacts on the [[#AWG-9 Pulse-Doppler Radar|radar]], based on the range and radar mode.<br />
* '''Tactical Information Display (TID):''' a multi-purpose display that allows for the RIO to see their [[#AWG-9 Pulse-Doppler Radar|AWG-9]] situational awareness, [[#Television Camera Set|TCS]], [[#TARPS Pod|TARPS]] and [[#LANTIRN Targeting Pod|LANTIRN]] pods.<br />
* '''Horizontal Situation Display Indicator (HSD):''' a multi-purpose display as to the one in the pilot cockpit.<br />
<br />
==Master Modes==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat has 5 primarily modes for information displayed. The 5 master modes are:<br />
* '''TO:''' switch. Displays takeoff information on HUD and VDI for degrees.<br />
* '''CRUISE:''' single-purpose button. Displays in-air flight information on HUD and VDI for degrees.<br />
* '''A/A:''' single-purpose button. Displays air-to-air information on HUD and VDI for degrees; and weapon employment.<br />
* '''A/G:''' single-purpose button. Displays air-to-ground information on HUD and VDI for degrees; and weapon employment.<br />
* '''LDG:''' single-purpose button. Displays landing information on HUD and VDI for degrees.<br />
<br />
<br />
Additionally, the F-14 Tomcat has an Air Combat Maneuver (ACM) panel which controls all air-to-air and air-to-ground aspects for armament.<br />
<br />
=Navigation=<br />
----<br />
The F-14 Tomcat has an inertial navigation system (INS) that allows the pilot to navigate by internal gyros aligned. However, due to the fault of having no GPS assistance, these gyros slowly drift over time and cause misalignment for visual information.<br />
<br />
==HSD==<br />
[[File:Hsd.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The Horizontal Situation Display Indicator (HSD) is the primary interface with the airplane's navigation systems. The HSI can be accessed from the bottom display screen. The basic function of the HSI is a rotating compass with a looking-from-above perspective. The controls for this screen are:<br />
# '''BRT Control:''' dial. Controls the brightness of the HSD screen.<br />
# '''HDG Control:''' dial. Controls the heading reference in TACAN mode.<br />
# '''CRS Control:''' dial. Controls the course heading reference in MAN and TACAN modes.<br />
# '''Test Button:''' single-purpose button. Resets the HSD screen if overload protection activates.<br />
# '''BIT Indicator:''' light. Shows a white light if a failure produces in the HSD.<br />
<br />
=== Steering Commands ===<br />
The HSD comes with a set of 5 different steering commands, which each have their own purpose towards displaying certain information:<br />
* '''TACAN:''' single-purpose button. Displays information based off of a radio beacon with range and direction.<br />
* '''DEST:''' single-purpose button. Displays information off of a selected waypoint from the RIO with range and direction.<br />
* '''AWL/PCD:''' single-purpose button. Displays information off of an ICLS frequency with azimuth and elevation bars (on VDI and HUD)<br />
* '''VEC:''' single-purpose button. ? (needs more info.)<br />
* '''MAN:''' single-purpose button. Displays information off of an entered heading (HDG Control) with direction.<br />
<br />
==Waypoints==<br />
The F-14B comes with an onboard flight computer system that handles waypoint navigation during in-air flight. The navigation system in the F-14B Tomcat gives a variety of waypoint holders, along with information for a set home plate.<br />
<br />
===Pilot===<br />
For the F-14B pilot, the waypoint information is able to be accessed by the DEST steering command and by using the NAV HSD display mode.<br />
<br />
===Radar Intercept Officer===<br />
For the F-14B Radar Intercept Officer, (RIO) the waypoints must be manually assigned by the RIO through the Computer Address Panel (CAP) system under the TAC DATA category. Once done, the waypoint must be selected through the CAP and entered in with coordinates similar to how INS alignment procedures are done.<br />
<br />
==TACAN==<br />
Tactical Air Navigation (TACAN) is a military radio navigation system. A TACAN beacon allows for an aircraft to determine its bearing and range from it, and using this information can navigate. TACAN's may be ground-based or be broadcasted by an airplane. TACAN channels have two bands, X and Y, and range from 1-126. 2 TACAN channels may be set present in the aircraft by both the Pilot and RIO for simultaneous use.<br />
<br />
The TACAN setting knobs give a range of these options:<br />
*'''T/R:''' Transmit and receive. Gets bearing and range from the TACAN.<br />
*'''RCV:''' Receive. Gets bearing from the TACAN.<br />
*'''A/A:''' Air-to-air TACAN mode.<br />
*'''X:''' Tunes the selected frequency on the X band.<br />
*'''Y:''' Tunes the selected frequency on the Y band.<br />
<br />
==ICLS==<br />
For night and low visibility operations, aircraft carriers have an Instrument Carrier Landing System (ICLS) to allow for instrument approaches to the carrier. ICLS provides horizontal and vertical guidance. The F-14 is equipped with ICLS.<br />
<br />
To activate the airplane's ICLS antenna, an ICLS dial is present to the right of the warning lights advisory panel, with an ARA on/off switch, used to toggle power to the system.<br />
<br />
When ILS is selected on the HSI, two bars, one horizontal and one vertical, appear near the velocity vector on the HUD. These indicate a vertical and horizontal deviation from the optimal glideslope (3°) and course to the deck. When they are both aligned with the velocity vector (making a "+"), the aircraft is on course.<br />
<br />
==ACLS==<br />
For CAT III conditions and poor visibility, the F-14 is equipped with the Automatic Carrier Landing System (ACLS) to allow an automatic flight to the carrier via. a radio-guided input from a Landing Signal Officer. (LSO) The auto-throttle and autopilot systems must be engaged and present during the time of activation with this system, along with lights given to the left of the VDI display.<br />
<br />
Datalink is required between the aircraft and the carrier in order for ACLS to work. When the best position of the azimuth and glideslope bars are within parameters, the nosewheel steering button is pressed in order to engage guidance.<br />
<br />
==Navigation Failures==<br />
The F-14B has a variety of navigation failures that may/can occur, including methods to fix them.<br />
<br />
===Navigation Fix Update===<br />
An error of latitude or longitude in the computer position of the aircraft can be corrected by a navigation fix update. Updating is especially important in the backup modes (AHRS AM and IMU/ AM) because of the estimated winds and magnetic variation changes. A nav fix is done via a ground-reference-point (latitude and longitude) position. The range and bearing of this position to the present aircraft position are used to update or correct existing values. The nav system may be updated by either a radar fix, a TACAN fix, or a visual fix.<br />
<br />
Before performing a nav fix, the latitude and longitude of the desired update point (radar, TACAN, or visual) must be stored in one of eight navigation point locations (three WPs, FIX PT, HOME BASE, HOST AREA, DEF PT, and IP). This data can be stored prior to flight by data link or by manual insertion. Then follow these steps:<br />
<br />
# Hook the Waypoint you choose to select for the nav fix.<br />
# Check the stored latitude and longitude on the TID.<br />
# Rotate the CATEGORY switch to NAV and select the desired type of update.<br />
<br />
<br />
Note that updating the position while in INS, and to a lesser degree while in IMU, can introduce a greater navigational position error than already present, in particular, if radar fix is used to update the nav system. Updates with a visual or TACAN fix provide reasonable accuracy (assuming a good MAG VAR during TACAN updates). Updating your nav system via a nav fix should be primarily used in the AHRS mode.<br />
<br />
===Radar Fix Update===<br />
An RDR FIX may be selected before or after positioning the DDD cursors. If the RDR FIX button is depressed, the computer computes the present position of the aircraft by measuring the range and bearing from the selected point. The delta between the computer position and the position determined by the INS is then displayed on the TID. If the entry of this delta into the navigation computations is desired, press the FIX ENABLE button. If the delta does not appear to be correct, the computer and the readout can be cleared by pressing the RDR FIX button. The fix may then be attempted again. The RIO should also perform periodic checks of own aircraft system altitude and update the altitude if necessary.<br />
<br />
Radar updating is performed as follows:<br />
<br />
# TID CURSOR/CAP - Hook Desired Navigation Point for Update.<br />
# PULSE SRCH button - Depress.<br />
# On sensor control panel: STAB switch - IN. EL BARS switch - 1. AZ SCAN switch - As Desired.<br />
# RDR FIX button - Depress.<br />
# DDD CURSOR button - Depress.<br />
# Action switch - Half Action (first detent).<br />
# Cursor is displayed on DDD.<br />
# Manipulate hand control DDD cursor over desired ground map point.<br />
# Action switch - Full Action and Release. (This will cause the DDD cursor to remain at the selected position.<br />
# Observe the delta for LAT and LONG on TID.<br />
# If readouts are unsatisfactory, deselect RDR FIX and repeat steps 4 through 12.<br />
# FIX ENABLE button - Depress.<br />
<br />
===TACAN Update===<br />
To perform a nav fix by TACAN requires that a restored waypoint shares identical LAT and LONG values with the TACAN station that will be used for the fix. Select the TACAN channel for the desired station and verify by listening to the coded identifier tone in the headset.<br />
<br />
Press the TACAN FIX button to update the aircraft position from a TACAN station. The WCS computer then calculates the own aircraft position error based on the range and bearing from the TACAN station. The delta is then entered in the same manner as with a radar fix.<br />
<br />
Perform a TACAN fix following these steps:<br />
<br />
# Select a TACAN channel whose latitude and longitude correspond to an update point.<br />
# Hook desired update point (WAYPT 1, FIX PT, HOME BASE, etc.).<br />
# CATEGORY switch - NAV.<br />
# TACAN FIX button - Depress.<br />
# Observe present position delta readout.<br />
# If delta is unsatisfactory, deselect TACAN FIX and repeat steps 2 through 7.<br />
# FIX ENABLE button - Depress.<br />
<br />
===Visual Update===<br />
To perform a visual fix, fly over a restored waypoint and press the VIS FIX button. Estimate your timing, because the aircraft nose and fuselage can obscure the fixed point during an overflight. It is also difficult to estimate when directly overhead a waypoint if the aircraft altitude is greater than 10.000 feet. The delta for the visual fix is displayed on the TID. Enter the delta by pressing FIX ENABLE.<br />
<br />
To perform a visual fix use the following steps:<br />
<br />
# Hook desired update point (WAY PT, HB, IP, etc.).<br />
# Select NAV category on CAP.<br />
# Overfly the selected restored point and when over the point, depress the VIS FIX button on the cap.<br />
# If the delta is not satisfactory, press VIS FIX again to clear the delta and repeat from step 1.<br />
# If a satisfactory delta is displayed, depress the FIX ENABLE button; this causes the delta correction of own-aircraft position to be inserted into the computer.<br />
<br />
===Datalink Update===<br />
To perform a data link update of the aircraft INS to the TDS frame of reference, the aircraft and TDS must share a prebriefed waypoint, identical in latitude and longitude. Enter this LAT/LONG data into the HOST AREA pseudo target file. The TDS will uplink the common reference point as a data link waypoint. When the aircraft and TDS INS systems agree, the data link waypoint and host area symbols will be superimposed on the TID. If they drift apart, the two pseudo targets on the TID will drift as well.<br />
<br />
To perform an update via data link, use the following steps:<br />
<br />
# Hook data link waypoint corresponding prebriefed reference point.<br />
# Select NAV category on CAP.<br />
# Overfly the hooked data link waypoint. When immediately over the point, press VIS FIX button on CAP.<br />
# Observe delta LAT and LONG on TID.<br />
# If deltas are satisfactory and update is desired, depress FIX ENABLE.<br />
# After a data link update, HOST AREA and data link waypoint should be superimposed on the TID again.<br />
<br />
===Fighter-to-Fighter Navigation Update===<br />
Net aircraft that use fighter-to-fighter data link can update their navigation system in the FF/DL mode. To update LAT/LONG hook the net aircraft symbol of an aircraft that is in close proximity and select F/F NAV UPDATE on the CAP. This will enter the hooked aircraft’s coordinates into the INS as own-aircraft coordinates. To update the nav system on an aircraft that is not close, first obtain a radar STT on that aircraft, hook the STT-ed aircraft on the TID and then press F/F NAV UPDATE on the CAP.<br />
<br />
=Defensive Systems=<br />
----<br />
The F-14B is equipped with various defensive systems: the AN/ALE-39 Countermeasure Dispensing System (CMDS), for the release of chaff and flares, the AN/ALQ-126 Deception ECM (DECM), for jamming enemy radar, and the AN/ALR-67 Radar Warning Reciever (RWR), for detection of enemy radar emitters and missile launches.<br />
<br />
==AN/ALR-67 RWR==<br />
[[File:alr-67.png|thumb|400px]]<br />
The AN/ALR-67 Radar Warning Receiver (RWR) provides the Hornet the ability to detect radars via the radio/microwave radiation they emit.<br />
<br />
===Audio Tones===<br />
Accompanying the RWR are various audio feedback tones:<br />
*'''Single Beep:''' A new ground- or sea-based emitter has been detected.<br />
*'''Double Beep:''' A new airborne emitter has been detected.<br />
*'''Repeating Beep:''' An emitter is tracking.<br />
*'''Faster Repeating Beep:''' An emitter is guiding a missile or is a missile.<br />
<br />
<br />
On the RWR gauge, the RWR knob will control the volume of the RWR tones.<br />
<br />
===Emitter Identifiers===<br />
''This list is, at present, not complete.''<br />
{|class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"<br />
!Type<br />
!RWR ID<br />
|-<br />
|U<br />
|Unknown<br />
|-<br />
|M<br />
|Active radar-homing missile<br />
|-<br />
|S<br />
|Search radar<br />
|-<br />
|3<br />
|SA-3 "Goa"<br />
|-<br />
|6<br />
|SA-6 "Gainful"<br />
|-<br />
|8<br />
|SA-8 "Gecko"<br />
|-<br />
|10<br />
|SA-10 "Grumble"<br />
|-<br />
|11<br />
|SA-11 "Gadfly"<br />
|-<br />
|11<br />
|F-111 Aardvark<br />
|-<br />
|12<br />
|SA-12 "Gladiator"<br />
|-<br />
|13<br />
|SA-13 "Gopher"<br />
|-<br />
|13<br />
|C-130 Hercules<br />
|-<br />
|14<br />
|F-14 Tomcat<br />
|-<br />
|15<br />
|F-15 Eagle<br />
|-<br />
|15 <br />
|SA-15 "Gauntlet"<br />
|-<br />
|16<br />
|F-16 Fighting Falcon<br />
|-<br />
|17<br />
|C-17 Globemaster III<br />
|-<br />
|18<br />
|F/A-18 Hornet<br />
|-<br />
|22<br />
|Tu-22 "Blinder"<br />
|-<br />
|23<br />
|MiG-23 "Flogger"<br />
|-<br />
|24<br />
|Su-24 "Fencer"<br />
|-<br />
|25<br />
|MiG-25 "Foxbat"<br />
|-<br />
|29<br />
|MiG-29 "Fulcrum"<br />
|-<br />
|29<br />
|Su-27 "Flanker"<br />
|-<br />
|29<br />
|Su-33 "Flanker-D"<br />
|-<br />
|30<br />
|Su-30 "Flanker-C"<br />
|-<br />
|31<br />
|MiG-31 "Foxhound"<br />
|-<br />
|34<br />
|Su-34 "Fullback"<br />
|-<br />
|39<br />
|Su-25M "Frogfoot"<br />
|-<br />
|40<br />
|''Spruance''-class destroyer<br />
|-<br />
|48<br />
|''Nimitz''-class carrier<br />
|-<br />
|49<br />
|''Oliver Hazard Perry''-class frigate<br />
|-<br />
|50<br />
|A-50 "Mainstay"<br />
|-<br />
|52<br />
|B-52 Stratofortress<br />
|-<br />
|76<br />
|IL-76 "Candid"<br />
|-<br />
|78<br />
|IL-78 "Midas"<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==AN/ALE-39 CMDS==<br />
[[File:f14 cms.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The AN/ALE-39 is the countermeasures dispensing set installed in the F-14B in this simulation. It controls its own set of launchers located between the engine nozzles on the underside of the so-called beaver-tail. The launchers each have two sections, one containing 10 cartridges and the other 20. They are referred to the left and right dispensers even though the left is really the front one and the right the back one with both being mounted inline on the left side of the tailhook. This is a remnant from the earliest model F-14s carrying the AN/ALE-29.<br />
<br />
This all sums up to a capacity of 60 cartridges in the system with each section necessarily holding one type of cartridges meaning that any combination of cartridges is possible as long as each type’s quantity is a multiple of 10. The system itself has no real knowledge of what is loaded where so incorrectly programming the system can lead to the wrong type of cartridge being ejected.<br />
<br />
===Cockpit Controls===<br />
The system itself can be operated manually from the control panel in the RIO pit or the DLC thumbwheel on the pilot stick when the flaps lever is in the up position. It is also capable of running programmed sequences of ejection which in turn can be initiated manually by the RIO from the control panel or the direction hats mounted on the handhold over the DDD. In addition, the AN/ALR-67 can also initiate the chaff ejection program if set up correctly on the AN/ALE-39 control panel.<br />
<br />
==AN/ALQ-126 DECM==<br />
The AN/ALQ-126 deception jammer is designed to detect radar threats, analyze them, select the optimum countermeasure technique available and apply it. Available techniques for jamming are amongst others, main lobe blanking, inverse con-scan, range-gate pull-off and swept square modes. In DCS this is modeled as a simple noise jammer due to engine limitations but controlled by the DECM logic as to when it’s on or off.<br />
<br />
===Cockpit Controls===<br />
The controls for the AN/ALQ-126 DECM are all located on the right horizontal panel in the RIO pit, the panel as the image above. In addition, there are two indication lights co-located with the RWR threat indicators on the right side of the TID. The mode selector knob controls power and operational mode that the system is in. The modes for the DECM are as follows:<br />
<br />
* '''OFF:''' turns off power to the system. STBY begins pre-warming of the system, taking in all-around 5 minutes.<br />
* '''TEST HOLD 3 SEC:''' is used to prepare the system for BIT, after 3 seconds in this mode, turn the knob to TEST - ACT.<br />
* '''TEST ACT:''' starts the BIT in the system. The BIT takes approximately 30 seconds and the RCV light will be illuminated the whole time while the XMIT light will flash twice. If the STANDBY light illuminates it indicates that a no-go condition exists in the system.<br />
* '''REC:''' enables the system to receive the only mode, enabling analyzation of threats and also the threat audio.<br />
* '''RPT:''' enables full system functionality, in addition to REC it also now tries to jam threats according to the selected method.<br />
<br />
=Television Camera Set=<br />
----<br />
[[File:tcs_symbology.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The F-14B is outfitted with the ALQ-100 Television Camera Set (TCS) pod, used for visually identifying aircraft during the time of which IFF was not a trusted/more inferior method to confirming hostile aircraft and to keep track of their position, as well as their living status.<br />
<br />
==Symbology==<br />
On the TID, in non-TV mode, a TCS track is indicated by a 1.5” strobe at TCS LOS azimuth with a hollow circle at the end.<br />
<br />
The symbology on the video feed from the TCS has indicators for the FOV and two crosshairs indicating TCS LOS relative own aircraft, GACH, and AN/AWG-9 radar LOS relative TCS LOS, RACH. Additionally, the track window is indicated by 4 small squares representing each corner of that window.<br />
<br />
The gimbal angle crosshairs or GACH, which is a solid cross, indicate deflection of the TCS LOS from the aircraft datum line, ADL. GACH crosshair in the center indicates TCS LOS along ADL and deflection towards the edges indicate deflection towards the gimbal limits with the video edges being maximum deflection.<br />
<br />
RACH or radar angle crosshairs, a dashed crosshair, indicate radar antenna LOS when inside the current TCS FOV. When the sensors slave to one another RACH and GACH will coincide creating a single solid crosshair.<br />
<br />
The track window indicates the area that the TCS contrast tracker is currently locked on to if it has acquired a target. When not in an active track these squares collapse into the center of the display being 2% of the screen width when in manual mode and 5% when in an auto mode.<br />
<br />
=LANTIRN Targeting Pod=<br />
----<br />
[[File:flir.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The F-14B can carry the AN/AAQ-14 Low Altitude Navigation and Targeting Infrared For Night (LANTIRN) targeting pod. This pod consists of a Forward-Looking Infrared (FLIR) camera (which also includes a digital charged coupled device camera) for target locating and observing, a Laser Target Designator/Ranger for firing a laser that both designates targets for laser-homing weapons and gathers ranging information for designating whatever the FLIR is pointed at as an air-to-ground, and a Laser Spot Tracker (LST) which can search for and track a laser, allowing for the FLIR to be cued onto an offboard (ground or air-designated) laser from another unit and then designate a Target off said point; this allows for most effective buddy-lasing. The targeting pod can be used in both air-to-ground and air-to-air functions, but the LTD/R and LST are only used for A/G operation.<br />
<br />
==Symbology==<br />
The following areas on the LANTIRN are to represent:<br />
# '''A/C Position Data:''' Displays aircraft LAT/LON, altitude, and groundspeed information.<br />
# '''LANTIRN Polarity:''' Displays white or hot background. AGC is for automatic gain control, MGC is for manual gain control.<br />
# '''LANTIRN Information:''' Gives general information on the pod. SR is for slant range, AZ/EL for azimuth/elevation of sight, and rest is UTC time.<br />
# '''LANTIRN Track Mode:''' Displays the current tracking mode. A/A is for air-to-air, A/G is for air-to-ground. Right side is for current selected weapon.<br />
# '''Track Data:''' Displays information of LAT/LON and altitude of where the sight is at.<br />
# '''Track:''' Displays the hairs for point and area track, and what the sight is directly pointed at.<br />
# '''Launch Envelopes:''' The top tape is for the heading relative of the aircraft to the track. The right side tape is for the release point.<br />
<br />
=TARPS Pod=<br />
----<br />
Not yet implemented.<br />
<br />
=Air-to-Air Radar=<br />
----<br />
==Detail Data Display==<br />
[[File:f14 ddd.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
Among the 3 digital displays, the Detail Data Display gives the RIO information about contacts from the AWG-9 radar in terms of range and radar mode, with respect to the notch filter.<br />
<br />
===Notch Filter===<br />
The AWG-9 radar in the F-14B Tomcat has a notch filter when using the pulse-doppler radar modes under certain conditions. These conditions include, but are not limited to:<br />
<br />
* ~100 knot difference of the aircraft relative to contact<br />
* Contact flying 90 degrees perpendicular CW/CCW to aircraft<br />
* Masking with ground terrain scan return<br />
<br />
<br />
There is a rough line shown in the radar modes, likewise of the jamming lobe, for when considering the notch filter that the contact will disappear from.<br />
<br />
==Tactical Information Display==<br />
[[File:f14 tid.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The Tactical Information Display (TID) gives the RIO of the F-14B the main information on the AWG-9 radar, including situational awareness, range, altitude, and contact heading.<br />
<br />
===Display Modes===<br />
The TID comes with a total of 8 display modes available, that can be toggled either on or off for purposes of gathering more information or decluttering:<br />
<br />
* '''RID DISABLE:''' ? needs more info. Not yet implemented.<br />
* '''ALT NUM:''' Displays the altitude of contact with a singular digit rounded to the nearest thousand.<br />
* '''SYM ELEM:''' Displays the symbology of contacts corresponding to HAFU.<br />
* '''DATA LINK:''' Displays contacts from the datalink frequency.<br />
* '''JAM STROBE:''' Displays the jamming strobes. Not yet implemented.<br />
* '''NON-ATTK:''' Displays determined (manual IFF or datalink) HAFU of friendly contacts.<br />
* '''VEL VECTOR:''' Displays the velocity vectors of contacts.<br />
* '''LAUNCH ZONE:''' Displays contact approximate missile launch zones.<br />
<br />
==AN/AWG-9 Radar==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat is equipped with the AN/AWG-9 all-weather and pulse-doppler radar. It is a very long-range radar used for the main purpose of intercept.<br />
<br />
===Radar Modes===<br />
The AWG-9 in the F-14B comes with 2 types of radar modes: doppler and pulse-doppler search. Of those two, subsets are able to be observed as 5 in this list:<br />
<br />
* '''PD SRCH:''' Pulse-Doppler Search mode. No bias factor of the radar, but impedes to pulse-doppler methods.<br />
* '''PD STT:''' Pulse-Doppler Single Target Track mode. By default upon acquiring a lock with the AWG-9, the radar will move to this function mode. It is currently suspectable to the notch filter.<br />
* '''RWS:''' Range While Search mode. The radar will prioritize the range of targets but not other factors. Falls under pulse-doppler.<br />
* '''TWS MAN:''' Track While Scan - Manual mode. The radar will prioritize the situational awareness of other targets but not give information on every target. The radar will also prioritize targets by threat importance.<br />
* '''TWS AUTO:''' Track While Scan - Auto mode. The radar will perform the same as TWS Man, but the elevation and azimuth controls will be automated in the process for an optimal scan.<br />
* '''PULSE SRCH:''' Pulse Search mode. No bias factor of the radar and can not be impeded to the notch filter, unlike the pulse-doppler method. The radar will, however, output a return of everything that is scanned and requires tuning.<br />
* '''PULSE STT:''' Pulse Single Target Track mode. Performing similarly to Pulse Search mode, this function mode applies to only a single target and is not suspectable to the notch filter.<br />
<br />
====Pulse-Doppler Search Mode====<br />
[[File:f14 pulsedoppler.png|thumb|350px]]<br />
The pulse-doppler search mode is used mainly as a kind of early warning mode. It is the search mode with the greatest detection range but it can display no range to the RIO, only closure rate. For this reason, the TID can display no track information.<br />
<br />
====Pulse-Doppler STT Mode====<br />
[[File:f14 pdstt.png|thumb|350px]]<br />
The pulse-doppler STT works and looks much like the pulse STT mode. It does, however, have the same advantages and disadvantages compared to pulse STT as the other pulse-doppler modes compared to the pulse modes. This means that while much better at tracking a target close to the ground it is however vulnerable to notching.<br />
<br />
The DDD display for pulse-doppler STT looks like pulse STT display except that the target return and antenna azimuth display are moved to the left side of the screen and a generated synthetic target marker is displayed at the correct azimuth instead. This is so that the targets range can be displayed by the synthetic target, unlike the other pulse-doppler modes which only shows closure rate. The other symbology on the DDD in this mode are the same as in pulse STT.<br />
<br />
====Range While Search Mode====<br />
In range while search, a frequency measuring ranging mode is added (FM ranging) to allow the radar to measure the range of tracked targets in addition to closure rate. This additional processing does, however, mean that the effective range of the radar is somewhat lesser. The display on the DDD is the same as in pulse-doppler search, the TID however also shows tracks in this mode showing the targets as tracks momentarily as they’re scanned and displaying their position and altitude. <br />
<br />
The targets are shown for a maximum of two seconds or until the antenna again scans the same bar at the same azimuth at which time it is removed unless detected again. The maximum number of concurrently shown tracks are 48.<br />
<br />
====TWS Manual Mode====<br />
The track, while scan mode uses the same FM ranging as RWS with the same reduction in range compared to pulse-doppler search and the DDD display, is also the same. The main difference that the computer establishes track files and tracks up to 24 targets concurrently of which 18 can be shown on the TID at any given time.<br />
<br />
As the computer routine calculating these tracks need a set track refresh time of 2 seconds this limits available azimuth scan area and bar settings to either 20° 4 bars or 40° 2 bars. When entering TWS the computer automatically selects the ±20° 4 bar scan disregarding the RIO set scan volumes unless those are set to ±40° 2 bars in which case that is used instead.<br />
<br />
The TWS mode is also the only mode enabling guidance of the AIM-54 at multiple targets (up to six), and as soon as engageable targets are detected the computer starts assigning them a missile priority number according to optimal missile firing sequence.<br />
<br />
====TWS Auto Mode====<br />
Performing similarly to TWS Man mode, what differs between the two is that in TWS auto the computer takes control of used scan volume and scan pattern azimuth and elevation as soon as target tracks are present. The WCS computer automatically tries to optimize the scan volume and direction so that tracking of the prioritized targets is maximized. If not selected before launch the WCS overrides as soon as the first AIM-54 is launched and selects TWS Auto.<br />
<br />
====Pulse Search Mode====<br />
[[File:f14 pulse.png|thumb|350px]]<br />
Pulse search is used to search for and find airborne targets at range. It is possible to use this radar mode as a basic ground mapper as well which can be useful for navigation and navigational fixes and can also be used in a pinch to detect larger surface targets like ships. Keep in mind though that the radar is not built with this as its main function and that a real air-to-ground radar will outperform it handily.<br />
<br />
In this mode, the radar cannot by itself differentiate targets and generate tracks meaning that the WCS will not generate track files and display anything on the TID. This also means that pulse search is not capable of guiding missiles.<br />
<br />
====Pulse STT Mode====<br />
[[File:f14 pstt.png|thumb|350px]]<br />
Pulse STT is used to track a single target, like pulse search mode it is not susceptible to notching but it is to ground clutter. The fact that the STT modes use gates to track the target, in this case, range gates, means that it is less susceptible to ground clutter but a target close enough to the ground that the ground return enters the range gates would be likely to shake the lock.<br />
<br />
As it is only in the pulse-doppler modes that the missile guidance commands can be sent pulse STT is limited to launching AIM-7s in CW mode and AIM-54s in an active launch mode limiting their ranges. At short ranges, ACM ranges, it is possible to use the ASPECT switch to set what aspect of the target to track, this is just to counter different types of countermeasures. As an example, if set to NOSE the radar will be less susceptible to chaff as the radar weights its track towards the targets leading-edge (nose) away from the chaff being launched behind the target.<br />
<br />
A successful track is indicated by the ANT TRK and RDROT indicator lights on the DDD, meaning that the antenna is tracking the target and that the target is within the range gates. If the target is jamming with sufficient strength, negating a range track, the radar will transition to a jam angle track instead, indicated by the JAT indicator light on the DDD illuminating instead of the RDROT. When range tracking is again possible at closer ranges the radar will transition to that instead.<br />
<br />
The DDD in this mode will be similar to the pulse search mode but the antenna will be locked onto the target and not scan. Additionally, the DDD will show the range gates around the target, a closing rate symbol at the right scale and applicable attack symbology if a valid missile is selected.<br />
<br />
===Anti-Jamming Modes===<br />
Not yet implemented.<br />
<br />
===AN/APX-76 IFF Interrogator===<br />
The AN/APX-76 IFF (Identification Friend or Foe) interrogator is integrated into the AN/AWG-9 operation. Then interrogator antenna itself is located on the AN/AWG-9 antenna gimbal platform. An IFF system works by sending out an interrogation pulse and then listening for returns from cooperating transponders. In addition to the unencrypted civilian mode the AN/APX-76 is capable of interrogating in the encrypted military mode 4. This ensures that targets replying to mode 4 interrogations are indeed friendly. The AN/APX-76 can be used both in search radar modes and in STT radar modes. To enable interrogation the IFF switch is depressed on the Detail Data Display Panel which then activates the interrogator for as long as the button is held up to 10 seconds max.<br />
<br />
When enabled IFF received IFF returns are then overlaid on the normal AN/AWG-9 radar returns on the DDD. A friendly target will be indicated with two bars, one above and one below the normal radar return. As the AN/APX-76 is a separate radar, secondary mode, radar apart from the AWG-9 the IFF can sometimes also detect targets not detected by the AWG-9. In this case the IFF return will not have a radar echo inside it. In the search mode this is overlaid over each target replying and in STT over the STT target. Additionally, if the STT target is hooked on the TID the DDD will switch from normal range display to a ±10 NM display to enable display of multiple returns in case of closely grouped targets.<br />
<br />
==HAFU/Datalink==<br />
[[File:HAFU.png|right|80px]]<br />
Hostile, Ambiguous, Friendly or Unknown (HAFU) is a symbology system used by the F/A-18 to represent trackfiles; specifically, to show its status as a friendly or hostile. It is usually what trackfiles are displayed as across the software.<br />
<br />
There are four HAFU symbols:<br />
*'''Triangle:''' Hostile (red when colored)<br />
*'''Thick Staple:''' Ambiguous (yellow when colored)<br />
*'''Half-Circle:''' Friendly (green when colored)<br />
*'''Thin Staple:''' Unknown (yellow when colored)<br />
<br />
<br />
All types except ambiguous can be manually assigned via the [[#SA Format|Situational Awareness]] format. Tracks will also be automatically identified as explained below.<br />
<br />
A hostile HAFU will be assigned whenever:<br />
* A negative IFF response is returned, and<br />
** An NCTR print returns with an aircraft type that is on the hostile coalition; or<br />
** A SURV (surveillance, like an AWACS) source over datalink also marks it hostile; or<br />
** A F/F (fighter-fighter, like another F/A-18) source over datalink also marks it hostile.<br />
<br />
<br />
An ambiguous HAFU will be assigned when the aircraft and a donor have conflicting identifications (friendly and hostile).<br />
<br />
A friendly HAFU will be assigned whenever an IFF interrogation returns as friendly or the track itself is contributed to by the Precise Participant Location and Identification (PPLI) system.<br />
<br />
An unknown HAFU will be assigned by default until it is updated by meeting one of the requirements above.<br />
<br />
=Air-to-Air Weapons=<br />
----<br />
This area will cover over all the different air-to-air weapons brought with the F-14B Tomcat.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Air Gun==<br />
[[File:f14 gun aa.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
''Using Real-Time mode.''<br />
<br />
The F-14 Tomcat is outfitted with the M61A1 Vulcan 6-barreled Gatling cannon, being able to hold up a maximum of 675 rounds internally.<br />
<br />
===Gun Rates===<br />
The cannon offers 2 modes of combat in the F-14B: <br />
<br />
* '''LOW:''' mode which slows down the muzzle rate, used for Air-to-Ground.<br />
* '''HIGH:''' mode which is to be used for Basic Fighter Maneuvering. (BFM)<br />
<br />
===Gun Modes===<br />
The cannon for Air-to-Air mode is able to be placed into 2 following positions:<br />
<br />
* '''Manual:''' this mode is able to be selected by depressing the CAGE/SEAM button, which will then only display the pipper and ammo count.<br />
* '''Real-Time:''' this mode is the regular, default mode. Along with a radar lock, the pipper will calculate to be accurate when directed to the diamond contact box. This will also give a closure rate towards the contact and the range relative to the aircraft.<br />
<br />
===Symbology===<br />
<br />
The symbology for the cannon is displayed on the HUD with the weapon master selector in the GUN position, and display in A/A. By default, the gun rounds indicator will be displayed as 0 for rounds per 100. Located next to the display panel to the right is the gun ammo counter. Additionally, the gunsight elevation is also able to be adjusted underneath the steer commands on the display panel.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Air Missiles==<br />
===Missile Preparation===<br />
Missile preparation in the F-14B Tomcat is started by moving the master arm switch on the ACM panel underneath the HUD to ON. This is then followed by pressing the MSL PREP and SW COOL buttons to be ON, depending on the armament type.<br />
<br />
===AIM-54 Phoenix===<br />
The AIM-54 is a long-range, semi-active radar missile for Air-to-Air use. The F-14 was the only aircraft to carry it in service and was used to take down Soviet bombers. However, it is able to be used on fighters as well. The AIM-54 comes with a proximity fuse and missile gate suite for non-direct contact explosions and radar tracking methods. <br />
<br />
Upon the launch of the missile, active input from the AN/AWG-9 radar is used to guide itself towards the contact. When reaching pitbull range (~20 nmi.) the missile will then use the radar in itself and steer until impact. <br />
<br />
The time until impact will be calculated during the whole flight of the missile after the launch sequence on the TID as a seconds counter next to the contact.<br />
<br />
====Missile Variants====<br />
The AIM-54 for the F-14 in DCS is not only just 1 variant but 2 provided for the aircraft:<br />
<br />
* '''AIM-54A Mk.60:''' The A variant Mk.60 is a specific version of the AIM-54 Phoenix which utilizes burn time and speed over agility and smoke. The Mk.60 is able to be fired from at most ~100 nmi. under optimal conditions, factoring altitude, kinetic airspeed, contact airspeed, and altitude. The recommended firing distance of the variant, however, is ~45 nmi.<br />
* '''AIM-54C Mk.47:''' The C variant Mk.47 is a later upgrade to the missile that utilizes agility and smoke over burn time and speed. While the C variant provides a no-smoke solution, it lacks the favoring of speed and distance. Under optimal conditions similar to the A, this missile variant is best at ~60 nmi. The recommended distance to contact for firing is ~30 nmi.<br />
<br />
====Launch Modes====<br />
The main seeker in the AIM-54 is able to be fired through 3 launch modes in according:<br />
<br />
# '''Semi-active Radar Homing (SARH):''' In the first stage of the AIM-54 engagement, the missile is guided semi-actively by the AN/AWG-9 radar using both guidance commands transmitted via the radar and radar energy reflected off the target. Then when the missile is within range of its seeker’s ARH mode the AN/AWG-9 commands the missile to switch to ARH. In pulse doppler STT the AIM-54 uses SARH all the way to the target receiving guidance commands at a greater rate than in TWS and also continuous spotlighting of the target because of the STT mode being used. This increases the effective range of the AIM-54 seeker slightly.<br />
# '''Active Radar Homing (ARH):''' This tells the WCS to immediately command the AIM-54 to go active in the first guidance command after launch. If launched at a target within 6 NM if in the targets rear hemisphere or 10 NM miles if in its forward hemisphere the WCS will also automatically command this mode instead of a SARH mode. If the target is not detected actively by the seeker it will still fall back to SARH until the seeker can acquire on its own like in the two SARH modes.<br />
# '''ACM Active:''' The missile is commanded active before launch making this the only mode where the missile is truly fire and forget. The AIM-54 missile receives the active message before launching from the WCS in addition to a command prepositioning the seeker-head to have it look at the current WCS track if available.<br />
<br />
<br />
Additionally, the AIM-54 has an unofficial method of launching the missile:<br />
<br />
* '''Mad-dogging:''' A method that uses the aircraft relative to their contact altitude and airspeed and firing the AIM-54 in the direction, which will force it to become semi-active within the pitbull range.<br />
<br />
====HUD Symbology====<br />
[[File:f14 aim54 hud.png|thumb|400px]]<br />
The pilot will receive standard symbology of the AIM-54 missile selected when the display is in A/A mode. Similar to the GUNS format, displayed on the HUD will be the weapon type denoted in 2 letters, and the number of missiles. Additionally, any more advanced symbology will occur by lock, which is required at first to fire the missile without "mad-dogging."<br />
<br />
====VDI Symbology====<br />
[[File:f14 aim54 vdi.png|thumb|400px]]<br />
The pilot will also receive additional symbology on the VDI whenever a radar lock occurs with the AIM-54 selected.<br />
<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
===AIM-7 Sparrow===<br />
The AIM-7 Sparrow is an active-radar guided missile for Air-to-Air employment. This missile requires an active radar lock to a contact in order to guide itself for impact. The benefit of this missile is that it is able to lose trackoing guidance if the aircraft breaks the lock on a friendly contact, as well as being able to be used in a mixed scenario.<br />
<br />
The maximum range of the Sparrow under optimal conditions as the Phoenix is ~25 nmi. The recommended distance, however, is roughly ~10 nmi.<br />
<br />
===AIM-9 Sidewinder===<br />
The AIM-9 Sidewinder is an IR-guided missile that self tracks based off of thermal energy (heat) of an aircraft. This missile should be used for close quarters range, where agility and speed are a high priority. The benefit of this missile is how quickly it can turn onto a contact. However, a con to this can be "sun-aiming," where the missile follows a contact that flies directly to the sun and immediately flanks out of the sensor sight of the Sidewinder.<br />
<br />
The maximum range on this missile is ~10 nmi., but recommended range is within ~5 nmi. under optimal conditions.<br />
<br />
=Air-to-Ground Weapons=<br />
----<br />
The F-14B Tomcat comes with a variety of air-to-ground weapons after the upgrade to the Bombcat.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Ground Gun==<br />
The symbology of the Air-to-Ground Gun is similar to of the Air-to-Air mode. The weapon will instead keep a diamond inside with the cross until passing the horizon threshold. All happens with the Gun selected and the HUD steering command in A/G mode.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Ground Bombs==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat is able to carry numerous types of munitions that act as bombs, whether dumb or laser-guided.<br />
<br />
===Mk-20/81/82/83/84 GPB===<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
===GBU-12/14/16 LGB===<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
===BDU-33 Training Bomb===<br />
The BDU-33 is a training bomb that emits smoke upon impact on a hard surface. This is generally used in training for Air-to-Ground in the Tomcat, and among other aircraft.<br />
<br />
===ADM-141 TALD===<br />
The ADM-141 Towed Air Launch Defense (TALD) missile is a decoy weapon that is employed for doing Suppression of Enemy Air Defenses. (SEAD) The TALD missile represents one of the only true SEAD weapons used in DCS World that is not DEAD-related. The objective of the TALD is to be dropped to confuse SAM sites that use radar guidance so other aircraft are able to destroy them, hence being "suppressed."<br />
<br />
The TALD is only able to be successfully launched when the RWR is receiving a radar lock warning or missile warning in the F-14 Tomcat. Only the F-14B Tomcat is able to use this weapon.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Ground Rockets==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat carries 4 4-count Zuni rockets, which are precision, unguided rockets that are able to be fired in an Air-to-Ground configuration.<br />
<br />
=Resources=<br />
----<br />
==Contributors==<br />
* Jak: An early contributor who wrote information on what the aircraft was and helping serve filler content.<br />
* Nullspec: Contributor towards the F/A-18C Hornet on implemented/non-implemented for the formatting.<br />
<br />
==Manuals & Documents==<br />
* [https://info.publicintelligence.net/F14AAP-1B.pdf F-14B NATOPS Pocket Checklist]<br />
* [http://www.heatblur.se/F-14Manual/ Heatblur F-14 Manual]<br />
* [https://www.mudspike.com/chucks-guides-dcs-f-14b-tomcat/ Chuck's F-14 Guide]<br />
<br />
==Heatblur's Videos==<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q1o7E9pb95Y Episode 1: Overview]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OO3IdQjAdDA Episode 2: Pilot's Cockpit Walkaround]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ws1GxPG2ZXw Episode 3: Cold And Dark (Full Startup)]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kgpGO7fj4oU Episode 4: The RIO's Office]<br />
<br />
==Jabbers' Tutorial Videos==<br />
(They're good!)<br />
<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2qwlJs__iYk Pilot - Startup/Taxi/Takeoff with JESTER AI]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b5opjCygZug Pilot - Maneuvering and Flight Characteristics]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f4y2oZ-7rM8 Pilot - Air-to-Air Refueling]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ujk4hL_EnUc Pilot - ACM - Radar Acquisition Modes]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wftck0C3fJ8 Pilot - Weapons - Zuni Rockets with JESTER AI]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4m-Q02gxFEA Pilot - Weapons - AIM-9 Sidewinder]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SWeHtpJ00JI RIO - Startup]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r4-Dd4ss2Rc RIO - AWG-9 Radar]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YG7sWweg2RQ RIO - IFF Interrogation]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2q-bHFyTEr8 Overview - AIM-54C Mk.47 Phoenix - Tacview Debrief]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PyAQpqVhtBY Overview - AIM-54A Mk.60 Phoenix - Tacview Debrief]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4groy-_Bxfk Quick Tips - AIM-54 Phoenix]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Is3AtOX-abw Quick Tips - Bombing]<br />
<br />
==RedKite's Tutorial Videos==<br />
(More in-depth on particular systems, referenced throughout the guide.)<br />
<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R9-8UCj66Ds Pilot/RIO - LANTIRN & LGB Bombs]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k5femxA_lis Pilot/RIO - ICLS & ACLS]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YqQz9YrEi6A Pilot/RIO - INS Fix]</div>Siriushttps://wiki.hoggitworld.com/index.php?title=F-14A/B&diff=10683F-14A/B2019-10-02T12:26:12Z<p>Sirius: /* ADM-141 TALD */</p>
<hr />
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{{ModuleInfo<br />
|modulename=F-14A/B<br />
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<br />
<div class="alert alert-info" role="alert"><br />
'''NOTE:''' This guide is currently under a work-in-progress (WIP) state. If you have any information pertaining to the topics or feedback, please relay them over to Sirius#0002 on Discord, or in the Hoggit Discord #wiki-discussion channel. Thanks!<br />
<br />
This page is focused on the DCS World F-14A/B Tomcat module, which is still in Early Access. Some information may be missing.<br />
</div><br />
<br />
The Grumman '''F-14A/B''' Tomcat is a two-seat, twin-engine supersonic variable wing-sweep fighter aircraft. The F-14 was the first US fighter jet with twin tails and was the largest & heaviest US fighter to ever fly from an aircraft carrier. The reason that the F-14 was so incredibly large and heavy was that it carried the large AWG-9 radar and accompanying AIM-54 Phoenix (air-to-air) missiles: this very capable combination allowed the F-14 to make shots of up to 200 nautical miles at the bad guys. Also, being big means you can carry a lot of fuel!<br />
<br />
Of course, the practical range of the AWG-9 is rather more limited, especially if you are shooting at more maneuverable fighter-sized targets, but even at these closer ranges, the AIM-54 Phoenix is still a capable missile that should not be underestimated. The F-14 is also capable of carrying an array of air-to-ground weapons, such as dumb bombs in both high and low drag forms, air-to-ground Zuni rockets and even laser-guided bombs, which can be self-designated using the LANTIRN targeting pod on the F-14.<br />
<br />
Most people will recognize and adore the F-14 because of its stardom presence in that one weird volleyball movie from the '80s. Its on-screen presence in movies will make the F-14 to appear docile and easy to fly, but due to lack of a fly-by-wire the F-14 can be a real handful: it being a pilot's aircraft however makes it fun to fly and learn. The analogous nature of the F-14 (comparable to the F-5E II Tigershark) will give you a good knowledge of the airplane over time but requires a bit of a different mindset that the computerized flight of the F/A-18C and the F-15.<br />
<br />
__TOC__<br />
<br />
=Weapons List=<br />
----<br />
==Implemented==<br />
Partially or fully implemented weapons of the F14/A/B Tomcat:<br />
* M61 Vulcan Six-Barreled Gatling Gun<br />
* AIM-7M/F Sparrow<br />
* CAP/AIM-9M Sidewinder<br />
* AIM-54A Phoenix Mk. 60<br />
* AIM-54C Phoenix Mk. 47<br />
* Mk-81, 82, 83, and 84 <br />
* GBU-10, 12, 16, and 24 <br />
* MK-20 Rockeye<br />
* Zuni Rockets<br />
* BDU-33 Practice Bombs<br />
* ADM-141 TALD<br />
* LUU-2 Parachute Flare<br />
* Smokewinder<br />
* LANTIRN Pod<br />
* FPU-1 Fuel Tank<br />
<br />
==Planned==<br />
Weapons not yet implemented into the Tomcat:<br />
* TARPS Pod<br />
<br />
=Hands On Throttle And Stick (HOTAS)=<br />
----<br />
==Throttle==<br />
[[File:throttle.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The throttle of the F-14 Tomcat consists of 2 quadrants, both for the left and right engines. There is an afterburner detent along with a cutoff detent for maximum throttle and shutdown of the engine for each quadrant.<br />
<br />
The throttle has the following controls:<br />
# '''Speed Brake Switch:''' 2-position switch. "EXT" is a momentary and needed input position that extends the speed brake outward depending on the aircraft speed.<br />
# '''Wing Sweep Switch:''' 4-way hat switch. "AUTO" sets the wing to sweep automatically determined by an onboard computer, "BOMB" sets the wing to sweep in an angled position between fully extended and retracted and dependent on speed for the air-to-ground bombing.<br />
# '''PLM Button:''' multifunction button. When the steering command is in A2A mode, this acts as a pilot lock-on tool for the AWG-9 radar. But when used for landing and/or in the LDG steering command mode, this allows for disengagement of the ACLS.<br />
# '''CAGE/SEAM Button:''' multifunction button. When the steering command is in A2A mode, this allows for CAGE/SEAM lock-on of the AIM-9 Sidewinder. But when used for landing and/or in the LDG steering command mode, this allows for disengagement of the APC.<br />
# '''Exterior Light Switch:''' 2-position switch. Used to toggle the exterior lights of the aircraft.<br />
# '''ICS PTT Switch:''' 2-position switch. Acts as a push-to-talk system for the ICS system inside of the aircraft used between the Pilot and RIO. (or JESTER AI)<br />
<br />
==Control Stick==<br />
[[File:stick.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The control stick is located in the center of the cockpit, mounted onto the floor. Left and right movements of the control stick direct hydraulic movement to the spoilers and horizontal stabilizers of the aircraft. Forward and backward movement result to respectively the same but to the horizontal stabilizers.<br />
<br />
The control stick has the following controls:<br />
# '''Bomb Release Button:''' single-purpose button. When pressed in A2G steering command mode, all pylons selected with bombs will release respective of the ripple settings, type, and interval.<br />
# '''Trim Hat:''' 4-way hat switch. Upward movement moves the aircraft downward, and downward movement moves the aircraft upward. Both left and right movements follow to their directions according to their name.<br />
# '''Weapon Select Hat:''' 4-way hat switch. Bottom selection is OFF, and a ridge requires a momentary push action to move in/out of to GUN. Following all to the top are SW, then SP/PH which requires a momentary push action to switch between.<br />
# '''DLC & Maneuver Flap Command Wheel:''' scrollable dial. Moving it with the landing gears fully deployed acts as a variable control for spoiler extension. With the landing gears up, the dial also acts the same but for flaps and slats.<br />
# '''DLC Engage/Disengage & CMS Dispense Button:''' multifunction button. When pressed with the landing gears fully deployed, this controls the engagement and disengagement of the DLC system. But with the landing gears fully retracted, this allows for pilot control of the CMS system.<br />
# '''Autopilot Reference & NWS Button:''' multifunction button. When the aircraft is up in the air, this controls specific autopilot settings. But when the aircraft is on the ground, this controls the activation of the nosewheel steering system.<br />
# '''Autopilot Emergency Disengage Paddle:''' multifunction button. Disengages all autopilot modes and DLC and releases all autopilot switches and roll and pitch SAS switches to OFF position.<br />
# '''Weapon Firing Trigger:''' two-stage trigger switch. The first detent enables CTVS and gun camera. Second detent releases selected forwards firing the weapon.<br />
<br />
=Flight Controls & Landing Gear=<br />
----<br />
==Flight Controls==<br />
[[File:Wheels-flaps.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The F-14B has a large hydraulic system which covers for all of the control surfaces of the aircraft. Without the hydraulic system, or taking damage the controls are in risk of improperly working. The F-14 Tomcat was the last of its generation to have no integration of an FBW or FCS system, which was introduced with the F-15 Eagle.<br />
<br />
The F-14's primary flight controls are:<br />
* '''Left Spoilers (LES):''' A set of spoilers that lie within the left wing of the aircraft that help with aileron movement and control that react opposite of the intended direction.<br />
* '''Right Spoilers (RES):''' A set of spoilers that lie within the right wing of the aircraft that help with aileron movement and control that react opposite of the intended direction.<br />
* '''Tailerons (TAIL):''' Two horizontal stabilizers located on the rear end of the aircraft that control both pitch and aileron movement.<br />
* '''Leading Edge Flaps (LEF):''' Normal slats located on the leading (front) edge of the wings to add lift.<br />
* '''Trailing Edge Flaps (TEF):''' Normal flaps located on the trailing (back) edge of the wings to add lift.<br />
<br />
<br />
The control stick controls the stabilators, ailerons, and rudder and the rudder pedals control the rudder.<br />
<br />
===Flaps System===<br />
The aircraft's flap system provides more lift (and as a byproduct, drag). The flaps lever has two positions:<br />
* '''NONE:''' This applies no flap whatsoever to the wings of the aircraft.<br />
* '''FULL:''' This applies full movement of flaps to the wings of the aircraft.<br />
<br />
<br />
The flaps lever allows for variable movement, which gives the pilot the ability to control the amount of flap they wish for.<br />
<br />
===Speed Brake===<br />
The speed brake is a flap located on the end of the aircraft designed to provide drag to decelerate faster. It is activated via the speed brake switch on the throttle. The two positions are:<br />
* '''EXT:''' When the switch is moved aft, this extends the speed brake of the aircraft out depending on the airspeed.<br />
* '''RET:''' When the switch is moved forward, this retracts the speed brake.<br />
<br />
===Trim===<br />
The tailerons are capable of being trimmed to make roll and pitch corrections. This is accomplished with the trim hat on the controls stick. When the autopilot system is engaged, the onboard computer will attempt to make active trim movements in order to keep the aircraft within the specified attitude when set, along of the setting parameters. As speed is either gained or lost, the trim will actively move the stick as well along of the tailerons to adapt.<br />
<br />
===Wing Sweep===<br />
The wings of the aircraft are a variable-sweep design allowing for automatic or manual movements from pilot input on the right throttle quadrant. Similar to wing fold, the wings are able to be overswept from its maximum position through a master reset of the system in order to allow tighter space and closer parking on the carrier deck.<br />
<br />
==Landing Gear==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat has 3 retractable landing gears: the nose gear, the left gear, and the right gear. The gear is moved via the gear lever on the left side of the cockpit. In the up position, the gear will retract. In the down position, the gear will extend. The gear lever cannot be put up with weight on wheels. The gear will not retract with the launch bar extended.<br />
<br />
===Nosewheel Steering===<br />
The nose gear features nosewheel steering (NWS) controlled by the rudder pedals. With the weight off of the wheels, it is disengaged. It automatically engages upon there being the weight on wheels. NWS is disengaged manually via the button on the stick.<br />
<br />
===Launch Bar===<br />
On the front nosegear is a launch bar that attaches the airplane to a catapult from launches from an aircraft carrier. Its deployment is pilot-controlled, but it is connected to the catapult by the ground crew (DCS default binding is U).<br />
<br />
It is controlled via the launch bar switch on the left upper console. When the switch in the RETRACT position, the launch bar will retract, but physically cannot do so when connected to the catapult. The switch will move to the RETRACT position automatically when there is a weight off wheels. In the EXTEND position, the launch bar will extend if there is the weight on wheels.<br />
<br />
=Autopilot and Autothrottle=<br />
----<br />
The F-14 Tomcat has the ability to automate certain types of flight via its Automatic Flight Control System (AFCS) and Automatic Throttle Control (ATC). The AFCS, or simply the autopilot, control the flight surfaces and the ATC controls the throttles.<br />
<br />
==AFCS==<br />
[[File:afcs.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The Automatic Flight Control System (AFCS), or just the "autopilot", controls the aircraft's flight controls to automate maneuvering. It is interfaced on the autopilot panel via the A/P engage switch. On the autopilot panel, there are 7 modes able to be toggled:<br />
# '''Pitch Stabilizer Augmentation:''' 2-position switch. This switch controls the ability for the pitch to be augmented for dampening.<br />
# '''Roll Stabilizer Augmentation:''' 2-position switch. This switch controls the ability for the roll to be augmented for dampening.<br />
# '''Yaw Stabilizer Augmentation:''' 2-position switch. This switch controls the ability for the yaw to be augmented for dampening.<br />
# '''VEC/PCD/ACL Switch:''' 3-position switch. This switch controls the remote control modes of autopilot with the steering bars and ACLS.<br />
# '''ALT Switch:''' 2-position switch.' This switch controls the ability to maintain the current altitude when autopilot is engaged.<br />
# '''HDG/GT Switch:''' 3-position switch. This switch controls the ability to maintain the current heading when autopilot is engaged.<br />
# '''ENGAGE Switch:''' 2-position switch. This switch engages and disengages the autopilot.<br />
<br />
==ATC==<br />
The automatic throttle control (ATC), or just "autothrottle", controls the physical throttles and thereby automated thrust control. ATC is toggled via ATC engage/disengage switch next to the throttle. When the ATC is engaged, the physical means of the throttle quadrants will begin to move on their own. However, whenever the pilot makes any new movement to the throttle whatsoever, the ATC will disengage to allow pilot control over both of the engines. The ATC is primarily used for landing on a carrier along of the ACLS system.<br />
<br />
=Digital Systems Overview=<br />
----<br />
[[File:displays.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
==Pilot==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat comes with 2 digital display screens in the Pilot cockpit:<br />
* '''Vertical Display Indicator (VDI):''' a multifunction display that allows for the pilot to see their HUD in a form of a repeater, and the [[#Television Camera Set|TCS]].<br />
* '''Horizontal Situation Display Indicator (HSD):''' a multifunction display that allows for the pilot to see their virtual compass for navigation modes, and the [[#AWG-9 Pulse-Doppler Radar|AWG-9 Radar]] from the RIO TID as a repeater.<br />
<br />
===Heads Up Display===<br />
The head-up display (HUD) is a projected display at the front of the cockpit that serves as the primary flight instrument. It also provides various indications for weapon delivery; this section will cover the HUD's indications in NAV master mode. Master mode/weapon-specific indications on the HUD will be covered in the relevant section.<br />
<br />
====Reject Modes====<br />
Via the switches next to the TO button on the displays panel, you are able to "declutter" or remove information off of the HUD.<br />
<br />
==Radar Intercept Officer==<br />
The Radar Intercept Officer (RIO) comes with 3 digital display screens in the RIO cockpit:<br />
* '''Detail Data Display (DDD):''' a dual-purpose display that allows for the RIO to see contacts on the [[#AWG-9 Pulse-Doppler Radar|radar]], based on the range and radar mode.<br />
* '''Tactical Information Display (TID):''' a multi-purpose display that allows for the RIO to see their [[#AWG-9 Pulse-Doppler Radar|AWG-9]] situational awareness, [[#Television Camera Set|TCS]], [[#TARPS Pod|TARPS]] and [[#LANTIRN Targeting Pod|LANTIRN]] pods.<br />
* '''Horizontal Situation Display Indicator (HSD):''' a multi-purpose display as to the one in the pilot cockpit.<br />
<br />
==Master Modes==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat has 5 primarily modes for information displayed. The 5 master modes are:<br />
* '''TO:''' switch. Displays takeoff information on HUD and VDI for degrees.<br />
* '''CRUISE:''' single-purpose button. Displays in-air flight information on HUD and VDI for degrees.<br />
* '''A/A:''' single-purpose button. Displays air-to-air information on HUD and VDI for degrees; and weapon employment.<br />
* '''A/G:''' single-purpose button. Displays air-to-ground information on HUD and VDI for degrees; and weapon employment.<br />
* '''LDG:''' single-purpose button. Displays landing information on HUD and VDI for degrees.<br />
<br />
<br />
Additionally, the F-14 Tomcat has an Air Combat Maneuver (ACM) panel which controls all air-to-air and air-to-ground aspects for armament.<br />
<br />
=Navigation=<br />
----<br />
The F-14 Tomcat has an inertial navigation system (INS) that allows the pilot to navigate by internal gyros aligned. However, due to the fault of having no GPS assistance, these gyros slowly drift over time and cause misalignment for visual information.<br />
<br />
==HSD==<br />
[[File:Hsd.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The Horizontal Situation Display Indicator (HSD) is the primary interface with the airplane's navigation systems. The HSI can be accessed from the bottom display screen. The basic function of the HSI is a rotating compass with a looking-from-above perspective. The controls for this screen are:<br />
# '''BRT Control:''' dial. Controls the brightness of the HSD screen.<br />
# '''HDG Control:''' dial. Controls the heading reference in TACAN mode.<br />
# '''CRS Control:''' dial. Controls the course heading reference in MAN and TACAN modes.<br />
# '''Test Button:''' single-purpose button. Resets the HSD screen if overload protection activates.<br />
# '''BIT Indicator:''' light. Shows a white light if a failure produces in the HSD.<br />
<br />
=== Steering Commands ===<br />
The HSD comes with a set of 5 different steering commands, which each have their own purpose towards displaying certain information:<br />
* '''TACAN:''' single-purpose button. Displays information based off of a radio beacon with range and direction.<br />
* '''DEST:''' single-purpose button. Displays information off of a selected waypoint from the RIO with range and direction.<br />
* '''AWL/PCD:''' single-purpose button. Displays information off of an ICLS frequency with azimuth and elevation bars (on VDI and HUD)<br />
* '''VEC:''' single-purpose button. ? (needs more info.)<br />
* '''MAN:''' single-purpose button. Displays information off of an entered heading (HDG Control) with direction.<br />
<br />
==Waypoints==<br />
The F-14B comes with an onboard flight computer system that handles waypoint navigation during in-air flight. The navigation system in the F-14B Tomcat gives a variety of waypoint holders, along with information for a set home plate.<br />
<br />
===Pilot===<br />
For the F-14B pilot, the waypoint information is able to be accessed by the DEST steering command and by using the NAV HSD display mode.<br />
<br />
===Radar Intercept Officer===<br />
For the F-14B Radar Intercept Officer, (RIO) the waypoints must be manually assigned by the RIO through the Computer Address Panel (CAP) system under the TAC DATA category. Once done, the waypoint must be selected through the CAP and entered in with coordinates similar to how INS alignment procedures are done.<br />
<br />
==TACAN==<br />
Tactical Air Navigation (TACAN) is a military radio navigation system. A TACAN beacon allows for an aircraft to determine its bearing and range from it, and using this information can navigate. TACAN's may be ground-based or be broadcasted by an airplane. TACAN channels have two bands, X and Y, and range from 1-126. 2 TACAN channels may be set present in the aircraft by both the Pilot and RIO for simultaneous use.<br />
<br />
The TACAN setting knobs give a range of these options:<br />
*'''T/R:''' Transmit and receive. Gets bearing and range from the TACAN.<br />
*'''RCV:''' Receive. Gets bearing from the TACAN.<br />
*'''A/A:''' Air-to-air TACAN mode.<br />
*'''X:''' Tunes the selected frequency on the X band.<br />
*'''Y:''' Tunes the selected frequency on the Y band.<br />
<br />
==ICLS==<br />
For night and low visibility operations, aircraft carriers have an Instrument Carrier Landing System (ICLS) to allow for instrument approaches to the carrier. ICLS provides horizontal and vertical guidance. The F-14 is equipped with ICLS.<br />
<br />
To activate the airplane's ICLS antenna, an ICLS dial is present to the right of the warning lights advisory panel, with an ARA on/off switch, used to toggle power to the system.<br />
<br />
When ILS is selected on the HSI, two bars, one horizontal and one vertical, appear near the velocity vector on the HUD. These indicate a vertical and horizontal deviation from the optimal glideslope (3°) and course to the deck. When they are both aligned with the velocity vector (making a "+"), the aircraft is on course.<br />
<br />
==ACLS==<br />
For CAT III conditions and poor visibility, the F-14 is equipped with the Automatic Carrier Landing System (ACLS) to allow an automatic flight to the carrier via. a radio-guided input from a Landing Signal Officer. (LSO) The auto-throttle and autopilot systems must be engaged and present during the time of activation with this system, along with lights given to the left of the VDI display.<br />
<br />
Datalink is required between the aircraft and the carrier in order for ACLS to work. When the best position of the azimuth and glideslope bars are within parameters, the nosewheel steering button is pressed in order to engage guidance.<br />
<br />
==Navigation Failures==<br />
The F-14B has a variety of navigation failures that may/can occur, including methods to fix them.<br />
<br />
===Navigation Fix Update===<br />
An error of latitude or longitude in the computer position of the aircraft can be corrected by a navigation fix update. Updating is especially important in the backup modes (AHRS AM and IMU/ AM) because of the estimated winds and magnetic variation changes. A nav fix is done via a ground-reference-point (latitude and longitude) position. The range and bearing of this position to the present aircraft position are used to update or correct existing values. The nav system may be updated by either a radar fix, a TACAN fix, or a visual fix.<br />
<br />
Before performing a nav fix, the latitude and longitude of the desired update point (radar, TACAN, or visual) must be stored in one of eight navigation point locations (three WPs, FIX PT, HOME BASE, HOST AREA, DEF PT, and IP). This data can be stored prior to flight by data link or by manual insertion. Then follow these steps:<br />
<br />
# Hook the Waypoint you choose to select for the nav fix.<br />
# Check the stored latitude and longitude on the TID.<br />
# Rotate the CATEGORY switch to NAV and select the desired type of update.<br />
<br />
<br />
Note that updating the position while in INS, and to a lesser degree while in IMU, can introduce a greater navigational position error than already present, in particular, if radar fix is used to update the nav system. Updates with a visual or TACAN fix provide reasonable accuracy (assuming a good MAG VAR during TACAN updates). Updating your nav system via a nav fix should be primarily used in the AHRS mode.<br />
<br />
===Radar Fix Update===<br />
An RDR FIX may be selected before or after positioning the DDD cursors. If the RDR FIX button is depressed, the computer computes the present position of the aircraft by measuring the range and bearing from the selected point. The delta between the computer position and the position determined by the INS is then displayed on the TID. If the entry of this delta into the navigation computations is desired, press the FIX ENABLE button. If the delta does not appear to be correct, the computer and the readout can be cleared by pressing the RDR FIX button. The fix may then be attempted again. The RIO should also perform periodic checks of own aircraft system altitude and update the altitude if necessary.<br />
<br />
Radar updating is performed as follows:<br />
<br />
# TID CURSOR/CAP - Hook Desired Navigation Point for Update.<br />
# PULSE SRCH button - Depress.<br />
# On sensor control panel: STAB switch - IN. EL BARS switch - 1. AZ SCAN switch - As Desired.<br />
# RDR FIX button - Depress.<br />
# DDD CURSOR button - Depress.<br />
# Action switch - Half Action (first detent).<br />
# Cursor is displayed on DDD.<br />
# Manipulate hand control DDD cursor over desired ground map point.<br />
# Action switch - Full Action and Release. (This will cause the DDD cursor to remain at the selected position.<br />
# Observe the delta for LAT and LONG on TID.<br />
# If readouts are unsatisfactory, deselect RDR FIX and repeat steps 4 through 12.<br />
# FIX ENABLE button - Depress.<br />
<br />
===TACAN Update===<br />
To perform a nav fix by TACAN requires that a restored waypoint shares identical LAT and LONG values with the TACAN station that will be used for the fix. Select the TACAN channel for the desired station and verify by listening to the coded identifier tone in the headset.<br />
<br />
Press the TACAN FIX button to update the aircraft position from a TACAN station. The WCS computer then calculates the own aircraft position error based on the range and bearing from the TACAN station. The delta is then entered in the same manner as with a radar fix.<br />
<br />
Perform a TACAN fix following these steps:<br />
<br />
# Select a TACAN channel whose latitude and longitude correspond to an update point.<br />
# Hook desired update point (WAYPT 1, FIX PT, HOME BASE, etc.).<br />
# CATEGORY switch - NAV.<br />
# TACAN FIX button - Depress.<br />
# Observe present position delta readout.<br />
# If delta is unsatisfactory, deselect TACAN FIX and repeat steps 2 through 7.<br />
# FIX ENABLE button - Depress.<br />
<br />
===Visual Update===<br />
To perform a visual fix, fly over a restored waypoint and press the VIS FIX button. Estimate your timing, because the aircraft nose and fuselage can obscure the fixed point during an overflight. It is also difficult to estimate when directly overhead a waypoint if the aircraft altitude is greater than 10.000 feet. The delta for the visual fix is displayed on the TID. Enter the delta by pressing FIX ENABLE.<br />
<br />
To perform a visual fix use the following steps:<br />
<br />
# Hook desired update point (WAY PT, HB, IP, etc.).<br />
# Select NAV category on CAP.<br />
# Overfly the selected restored point and when over the point, depress the VIS FIX button on the cap.<br />
# If the delta is not satisfactory, press VIS FIX again to clear the delta and repeat from step 1.<br />
# If a satisfactory delta is displayed, depress the FIX ENABLE button; this causes the delta correction of own-aircraft position to be inserted into the computer.<br />
<br />
===Datalink Update===<br />
To perform a data link update of the aircraft INS to the TDS frame of reference, the aircraft and TDS must share a prebriefed waypoint, identical in latitude and longitude. Enter this LAT/LONG data into the HOST AREA pseudo target file. The TDS will uplink the common reference point as a data link waypoint. When the aircraft and TDS INS systems agree, the data link waypoint and host area symbols will be superimposed on the TID. If they drift apart, the two pseudo targets on the TID will drift as well.<br />
<br />
To perform an update via data link, use the following steps:<br />
<br />
# Hook data link waypoint corresponding prebriefed reference point.<br />
# Select NAV category on CAP.<br />
# Overfly the hooked data link waypoint. When immediately over the point, press VIS FIX button on CAP.<br />
# Observe delta LAT and LONG on TID.<br />
# If deltas are satisfactory and update is desired, depress FIX ENABLE.<br />
# After a data link update, HOST AREA and data link waypoint should be superimposed on the TID again.<br />
<br />
===Fighter-to-Fighter Navigation Update===<br />
Net aircraft that use fighter-to-fighter data link can update their navigation system in the FF/DL mode. To update LAT/LONG hook the net aircraft symbol of an aircraft that is in close proximity and select F/F NAV UPDATE on the CAP. This will enter the hooked aircraft’s coordinates into the INS as own-aircraft coordinates. To update the nav system on an aircraft that is not close, first obtain a radar STT on that aircraft, hook the STT-ed aircraft on the TID and then press F/F NAV UPDATE on the CAP.<br />
<br />
=Defensive Systems=<br />
----<br />
The F-14B is equipped with various defensive systems: the AN/ALE-39 Countermeasure Dispensing System (CMDS), for the release of chaff and flares, the AN/ALQ-126 Deception ECM (DECM), for jamming enemy radar, and the AN/ALR-67 Radar Warning Reciever (RWR), for detection of enemy radar emitters and missile launches.<br />
<br />
==AN/ALR-67 RWR==<br />
[[File:alr-67.png|thumb|400px]]<br />
The AN/ALR-67 Radar Warning Receiver (RWR) provides the Hornet the ability to detect radars via the radio/microwave radiation they emit.<br />
<br />
===Audio Tones===<br />
Accompanying the RWR are various audio feedback tones:<br />
*'''Single Beep:''' A new ground- or sea-based emitter has been detected.<br />
*'''Double Beep:''' A new airborne emitter has been detected.<br />
*'''Repeating Beep:''' An emitter is tracking.<br />
*'''Faster Repeating Beep:''' An emitter is guiding a missile or is a missile.<br />
<br />
<br />
On the RWR gauge, the RWR knob will control the volume of the RWR tones.<br />
<br />
===Emitter Identifiers===<br />
''This list is, at present, not complete.''<br />
{|class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"<br />
!Type<br />
!RWR ID<br />
|-<br />
|U<br />
|Unknown<br />
|-<br />
|M<br />
|Active radar-homing missile<br />
|-<br />
|S<br />
|Search radar<br />
|-<br />
|3<br />
|SA-3 "Goa"<br />
|-<br />
|6<br />
|SA-6 "Gainful"<br />
|-<br />
|8<br />
|SA-8 "Gecko"<br />
|-<br />
|10<br />
|SA-10 "Grumble"<br />
|-<br />
|11<br />
|SA-11 "Gadfly"<br />
|-<br />
|11<br />
|F-111 Aardvark<br />
|-<br />
|12<br />
|SA-12 "Gladiator"<br />
|-<br />
|13<br />
|SA-13 "Gopher"<br />
|-<br />
|13<br />
|C-130 Hercules<br />
|-<br />
|14<br />
|F-14 Tomcat<br />
|-<br />
|15<br />
|F-15 Eagle<br />
|-<br />
|15 <br />
|SA-15 "Gauntlet"<br />
|-<br />
|16<br />
|F-16 Fighting Falcon<br />
|-<br />
|17<br />
|C-17 Globemaster III<br />
|-<br />
|18<br />
|F/A-18 Hornet<br />
|-<br />
|22<br />
|Tu-22 "Blinder"<br />
|-<br />
|23<br />
|MiG-23 "Flogger"<br />
|-<br />
|24<br />
|Su-24 "Fencer"<br />
|-<br />
|25<br />
|MiG-25 "Foxbat"<br />
|-<br />
|29<br />
|MiG-29 "Fulcrum"<br />
|-<br />
|29<br />
|Su-27 "Flanker"<br />
|-<br />
|29<br />
|Su-33 "Flanker-D"<br />
|-<br />
|30<br />
|Su-30 "Flanker-C"<br />
|-<br />
|31<br />
|MiG-31 "Foxhound"<br />
|-<br />
|34<br />
|Su-34 "Fullback"<br />
|-<br />
|39<br />
|Su-25M "Frogfoot"<br />
|-<br />
|40<br />
|''Spruance''-class destroyer<br />
|-<br />
|48<br />
|''Nimitz''-class carrier<br />
|-<br />
|49<br />
|''Oliver Hazard Perry''-class frigate<br />
|-<br />
|50<br />
|A-50 "Mainstay"<br />
|-<br />
|52<br />
|B-52 Stratofortress<br />
|-<br />
|76<br />
|IL-76 "Candid"<br />
|-<br />
|78<br />
|IL-78 "Midas"<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==AN/ALE-39 CMDS==<br />
[[File:f14 cms.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The AN/ALE-39 is the countermeasures dispensing set installed in the F-14B in this simulation. It controls its own set of launchers located between the engine nozzles on the underside of the so-called beaver-tail. The launchers each have two sections, one containing 10 cartridges and the other 20. They are referred to the left and right dispensers even though the left is really the front one and the right the back one with both being mounted inline on the left side of the tailhook. This is a remnant from the earliest model F-14s carrying the AN/ALE-29.<br />
<br />
This all sums up to a capacity of 60 cartridges in the system with each section necessarily holding one type of cartridges meaning that any combination of cartridges is possible as long as each type’s quantity is a multiple of 10. The system itself has no real knowledge of what is loaded where so incorrectly programming the system can lead to the wrong type of cartridge being ejected.<br />
<br />
===Cockpit Controls===<br />
The system itself can be operated manually from the control panel in the RIO pit or the DLC thumbwheel on the pilot stick when the flaps lever is in the up position. It is also capable of running programmed sequences of ejection which in turn can be initiated manually by the RIO from the control panel or the direction hats mounted on the handhold over the DDD. In addition, the AN/ALR-67 can also initiate the chaff ejection program if set up correctly on the AN/ALE-39 control panel.<br />
<br />
==AN/ALQ-126 DECM==<br />
The AN/ALQ-126 deception jammer is designed to detect radar threats, analyze them, select the optimum countermeasure technique available and apply it. Available techniques for jamming are amongst others, main lobe blanking, inverse con-scan, range-gate pull-off and swept square modes. In DCS this is modeled as a simple noise jammer due to engine limitations but controlled by the DECM logic as to when it’s on or off.<br />
<br />
===Cockpit Controls===<br />
The controls for the AN/ALQ-126 DECM are all located on the right horizontal panel in the RIO pit, the panel as the image above. In addition, there are two indication lights co-located with the RWR threat indicators on the right side of the TID. The mode selector knob controls power and operational mode that the system is in. The modes for the DECM are as follows:<br />
<br />
* '''OFF:''' turns off power to the system. STBY begins pre-warming of the system, taking in all-around 5 minutes.<br />
* '''TEST HOLD 3 SEC:''' is used to prepare the system for BIT, after 3 seconds in this mode, turn the knob to TEST - ACT.<br />
* '''TEST ACT:''' starts the BIT in the system. The BIT takes approximately 30 seconds and the RCV light will be illuminated the whole time while the XMIT light will flash twice. If the STANDBY light illuminates it indicates that a no-go condition exists in the system.<br />
* '''REC:''' enables the system to receive the only mode, enabling analyzation of threats and also the threat audio.<br />
* '''RPT:''' enables full system functionality, in addition to REC it also now tries to jam threats according to the selected method.<br />
<br />
=Television Camera Set=<br />
----<br />
[[File:tcs_symbology.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The F-14B is outfitted with the ALQ-100 Television Camera Set (TCS) pod, used for visually identifying aircraft during the time of which IFF was not a trusted/more inferior method to confirming hostile aircraft and to keep track of their position, as well as their living status.<br />
<br />
==Symbology==<br />
On the TID, in non-TV mode, a TCS track is indicated by a 1.5” strobe at TCS LOS azimuth with a hollow circle at the end.<br />
<br />
The symbology on the video feed from the TCS has indicators for the FOV and two crosshairs indicating TCS LOS relative own aircraft, GACH, and AN/AWG-9 radar LOS relative TCS LOS, RACH. Additionally, the track window is indicated by 4 small squares representing each corner of that window.<br />
<br />
The gimbal angle crosshairs or GACH, which is a solid cross, indicate deflection of the TCS LOS from the aircraft datum line, ADL. GACH crosshair in the center indicates TCS LOS along ADL and deflection towards the edges indicate deflection towards the gimbal limits with the video edges being maximum deflection.<br />
<br />
RACH or radar angle crosshairs, a dashed crosshair, indicate radar antenna LOS when inside the current TCS FOV. When the sensors slave to one another RACH and GACH will coincide creating a single solid crosshair.<br />
<br />
The track window indicates the area that the TCS contrast tracker is currently locked on to if it has acquired a target. When not in an active track these squares collapse into the center of the display being 2% of the screen width when in manual mode and 5% when in an auto mode.<br />
<br />
=LANTIRN Targeting Pod=<br />
----<br />
[[File:flir.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The F-14B can carry the AN/AAQ-14 Low Altitude Navigation and Targeting Infrared For Night (LANTIRN) targeting pod. This pod consists of a Forward-Looking Infrared (FLIR) camera (which also includes a digital charged coupled device camera) for target locating and observing, a Laser Target Designator/Ranger for firing a laser that both designates targets for laser-homing weapons and gathers ranging information for designating whatever the FLIR is pointed at as an air-to-ground, and a Laser Spot Tracker (LST) which can search for and track a laser, allowing for the FLIR to be cued onto an offboard (ground or air-designated) laser from another unit and then designate a Target off said point; this allows for most effective buddy-lasing. The targeting pod can be used in both air-to-ground and air-to-air functions, but the LTD/R and LST are only used for A/G operation.<br />
<br />
==Symbology==<br />
The following areas on the LANTIRN are to represent:<br />
# '''A/C Position Data:''' Displays aircraft LAT/LON, altitude, and groundspeed information.<br />
# '''LANTIRN Polarity:''' Displays white or hot background. AGC is for automatic gain control, MGC is for manual gain control.<br />
# '''LANTIRN Information:''' Gives general information on the pod. SR is for slant range, AZ/EL for azimuth/elevation of sight, and rest is UTC time.<br />
# '''LANTIRN Track Mode:''' Displays the current tracking mode. A/A is for air-to-air, A/G is for air-to-ground. Right side is for current selected weapon.<br />
# '''Track Data:''' Displays information of LAT/LON and altitude of where the sight is at.<br />
# '''Track:''' Displays the hairs for point and area track, and what the sight is directly pointed at.<br />
# '''Launch Envelopes:''' The top tape is for the heading relative of the aircraft to the track. The right side tape is for the release point.<br />
<br />
=TARPS Pod=<br />
----<br />
Not yet implemented.<br />
<br />
=Air-to-Air Radar=<br />
----<br />
==Detail Data Display==<br />
[[File:f14 ddd.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
Among the 3 digital displays, the Detail Data Display gives the RIO information about contacts from the AWG-9 radar in terms of range and radar mode, with respect to the notch filter.<br />
<br />
===Notch Filter===<br />
The AWG-9 radar in the F-14B Tomcat has a notch filter when using the pulse-doppler radar modes under certain conditions. These conditions include, but are not limited to:<br />
<br />
* ~100 knot difference of the aircraft relative to contact<br />
* Contact flying 90 degrees perpendicular CW/CCW to aircraft<br />
* Masking with ground terrain scan return<br />
<br />
<br />
There is a rough line shown in the radar modes, likewise of the jamming lobe, for when considering the notch filter that the contact will disappear from.<br />
<br />
==Tactical Information Display==<br />
[[File:f14 tid.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The Tactical Information Display (TID) gives the RIO of the F-14B the main information on the AWG-9 radar, including situational awareness, range, altitude, and contact heading.<br />
<br />
===Display Modes===<br />
The TID comes with a total of 8 display modes available, that can be toggled either on or off for purposes of gathering more information or decluttering:<br />
<br />
* '''RID DISABLE:''' ? needs more info. Not yet implemented.<br />
* '''ALT NUM:''' Displays the altitude of contact with a singular digit rounded to the nearest thousand.<br />
* '''SYM ELEM:''' Displays the symbology of contacts corresponding to HAFU.<br />
* '''DATA LINK:''' Displays contacts from the datalink frequency.<br />
* '''JAM STROBE:''' Displays the jamming strobes. Not yet implemented.<br />
* '''NON-ATTK:''' Displays determined (manual IFF or datalink) HAFU of friendly contacts.<br />
* '''VEL VECTOR:''' Displays the velocity vectors of contacts.<br />
* '''LAUNCH ZONE:''' Displays contact approximate missile launch zones.<br />
<br />
==AN/AWG-9 Radar==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat is equipped with the AN/AWG-9 all-weather and pulse-doppler radar. It is a very long-range radar used for the main purpose of intercept.<br />
<br />
===Radar Modes===<br />
The AWG-9 in the F-14B comes with 2 types of radar modes: doppler and pulse-doppler search. Of those two, subsets are able to be observed as 5 in this list:<br />
<br />
* '''PD SRCH:''' Pulse-Doppler Search mode. No bias factor of the radar, but impedes to pulse-doppler methods.<br />
* '''PD STT:''' Pulse-Doppler Single Target Track mode. By default upon acquiring a lock with the AWG-9, the radar will move to this function mode. It is currently suspectable to the notch filter.<br />
* '''RWS:''' Range While Search mode. The radar will prioritize the range of targets but not other factors. Falls under pulse-doppler.<br />
* '''TWS MAN:''' Track While Scan - Manual mode. The radar will prioritize the situational awareness of other targets but not give information on every target. The radar will also prioritize targets by threat importance.<br />
* '''TWS AUTO:''' Track While Scan - Auto mode. The radar will perform the same as TWS Man, but the elevation and azimuth controls will be automated in the process for an optimal scan.<br />
* '''PULSE SRCH:''' Pulse Search mode. No bias factor of the radar and can not be impeded to the notch filter, unlike the pulse-doppler method. The radar will, however, output a return of everything that is scanned and requires tuning.<br />
* '''PULSE STT:''' Pulse Single Target Track mode. Performing similarly to Pulse Search mode, this function mode applies to only a single target and is not suspectable to the notch filter.<br />
<br />
====Pulse-Doppler Search Mode====<br />
[[File:f14 pulsedoppler.png|thumb|350px]]<br />
The pulse-doppler search mode is used mainly as a kind of early warning mode. It is the search mode with the greatest detection range but it can display no range to the RIO, only closure rate. For this reason, the TID can display no track information.<br />
<br />
====Pulse-Doppler STT Mode====<br />
[[File:f14 pdstt.png|thumb|350px]]<br />
The pulse-doppler STT works and looks much like the pulse STT mode. It does, however, have the same advantages and disadvantages compared to pulse STT as the other pulse-doppler modes compared to the pulse modes. This means that while much better at tracking a target close to the ground it is however vulnerable to notching.<br />
<br />
The DDD display for pulse-doppler STT looks like pulse STT display except that the target return and antenna azimuth display are moved to the left side of the screen and a generated synthetic target marker is displayed at the correct azimuth instead. This is so that the targets range can be displayed by the synthetic target, unlike the other pulse-doppler modes which only shows closure rate. The other symbology on the DDD in this mode are the same as in pulse STT.<br />
<br />
====Range While Search Mode====<br />
In range while search, a frequency measuring ranging mode is added (FM ranging) to allow the radar to measure the range of tracked targets in addition to closure rate. This additional processing does, however, mean that the effective range of the radar is somewhat lesser. The display on the DDD is the same as in pulse-doppler search, the TID however also shows tracks in this mode showing the targets as tracks momentarily as they’re scanned and displaying their position and altitude. <br />
<br />
The targets are shown for a maximum of two seconds or until the antenna again scans the same bar at the same azimuth at which time it is removed unless detected again. The maximum number of concurrently shown tracks are 48.<br />
<br />
====TWS Manual Mode====<br />
The track, while scan mode uses the same FM ranging as RWS with the same reduction in range compared to pulse-doppler search and the DDD display, is also the same. The main difference that the computer establishes track files and tracks up to 24 targets concurrently of which 18 can be shown on the TID at any given time.<br />
<br />
As the computer routine calculating these tracks need a set track refresh time of 2 seconds this limits available azimuth scan area and bar settings to either 20° 4 bars or 40° 2 bars. When entering TWS the computer automatically selects the ±20° 4 bar scan disregarding the RIO set scan volumes unless those are set to ±40° 2 bars in which case that is used instead.<br />
<br />
The TWS mode is also the only mode enabling guidance of the AIM-54 at multiple targets (up to six), and as soon as engageable targets are detected the computer starts assigning them a missile priority number according to optimal missile firing sequence.<br />
<br />
====TWS Auto Mode====<br />
Performing similarly to TWS Man mode, what differs between the two is that in TWS auto the computer takes control of used scan volume and scan pattern azimuth and elevation as soon as target tracks are present. The WCS computer automatically tries to optimize the scan volume and direction so that tracking of the prioritized targets is maximized. If not selected before launch the WCS overrides as soon as the first AIM-54 is launched and selects TWS Auto.<br />
<br />
====Pulse Search Mode====<br />
[[File:f14 pulse.png|thumb|350px]]<br />
Pulse search is used to search for and find airborne targets at range. It is possible to use this radar mode as a basic ground mapper as well which can be useful for navigation and navigational fixes and can also be used in a pinch to detect larger surface targets like ships. Keep in mind though that the radar is not built with this as its main function and that a real air-to-ground radar will outperform it handily.<br />
<br />
In this mode, the radar cannot by itself differentiate targets and generate tracks meaning that the WCS will not generate track files and display anything on the TID. This also means that pulse search is not capable of guiding missiles.<br />
<br />
====Pulse STT Mode====<br />
[[File:f14 pstt.png|thumb|350px]]<br />
Pulse STT is used to track a single target, like pulse search mode it is not susceptible to notching but it is to ground clutter. The fact that the STT modes use gates to track the target, in this case, range gates, means that it is less susceptible to ground clutter but a target close enough to the ground that the ground return enters the range gates would be likely to shake the lock.<br />
<br />
As it is only in the pulse-doppler modes that the missile guidance commands can be sent pulse STT is limited to launching AIM-7s in CW mode and AIM-54s in an active launch mode limiting their ranges. At short ranges, ACM ranges, it is possible to use the ASPECT switch to set what aspect of the target to track, this is just to counter different types of countermeasures. As an example, if set to NOSE the radar will be less susceptible to chaff as the radar weights its track towards the targets leading-edge (nose) away from the chaff being launched behind the target.<br />
<br />
A successful track is indicated by the ANT TRK and RDROT indicator lights on the DDD, meaning that the antenna is tracking the target and that the target is within the range gates. If the target is jamming with sufficient strength, negating a range track, the radar will transition to a jam angle track instead, indicated by the JAT indicator light on the DDD illuminating instead of the RDROT. When range tracking is again possible at closer ranges the radar will transition to that instead.<br />
<br />
The DDD in this mode will be similar to the pulse search mode but the antenna will be locked onto the target and not scan. Additionally, the DDD will show the range gates around the target, a closing rate symbol at the right scale and applicable attack symbology if a valid missile is selected.<br />
<br />
===Anti-Jamming Modes===<br />
Not yet implemented.<br />
<br />
===AN/APX-76 IFF Interrogator===<br />
The AN/APX-76 IFF (Identification Friend or Foe) interrogator is integrated into the AN/AWG-9 operation. Then interrogator antenna itself is located on the AN/AWG-9 antenna gimbal platform. An IFF system works by sending out an interrogation pulse and then listening for returns from cooperating transponders. In addition to the unencrypted civilian mode the AN/APX-76 is capable of interrogating in the encrypted military mode 4. This ensures that targets replying to mode 4 interrogations are indeed friendly. The AN/APX-76 can be used both in search radar modes and in STT radar modes. To enable interrogation the IFF switch is depressed on the Detail Data Display Panel which then activates the interrogator for as long as the button is held up to 10 seconds max.<br />
<br />
When enabled IFF received IFF returns are then overlaid on the normal AN/AWG-9 radar returns on the DDD. A friendly target will be indicated with two bars, one above and one below the normal radar return. As the AN/APX-76 is a separate radar, secondary mode, radar apart from the AWG-9 the IFF can sometimes also detect targets not detected by the AWG-9. In this case the IFF return will not have a radar echo inside it. In the search mode this is overlaid over each target replying and in STT over the STT target. Additionally, if the STT target is hooked on the TID the DDD will switch from normal range display to a ±10 NM display to enable display of multiple returns in case of closely grouped targets.<br />
<br />
==HAFU/Datalink==<br />
[[File:HAFU.png|right|80px]]<br />
Hostile, Ambiguous, Friendly or Unknown (HAFU) is a symbology system used by the F/A-18 to represent trackfiles; specifically, to show its status as a friendly or hostile. It is usually what trackfiles are displayed as across the software.<br />
<br />
There are four HAFU symbols:<br />
*'''Triangle:''' Hostile (red when colored)<br />
*'''Thick Staple:''' Ambiguous (yellow when colored)<br />
*'''Half-Circle:''' Friendly (green when colored)<br />
*'''Thin Staple:''' Unknown (yellow when colored)<br />
<br />
<br />
All types except ambiguous can be manually assigned via the [[#SA Format|Situational Awareness]] format. Tracks will also be automatically identified as explained below.<br />
<br />
A hostile HAFU will be assigned whenever:<br />
* A negative IFF response is returned, and<br />
** An NCTR print returns with an aircraft type that is on the hostile coalition; or<br />
** A SURV (surveillance, like an AWACS) source over datalink also marks it hostile; or<br />
** A F/F (fighter-fighter, like another F/A-18) source over datalink also marks it hostile.<br />
<br />
<br />
An ambiguous HAFU will be assigned when the aircraft and a donor have conflicting identifications (friendly and hostile).<br />
<br />
A friendly HAFU will be assigned whenever an IFF interrogation returns as friendly or the track itself is contributed to by the Precise Participant Location and Identification (PPLI) system.<br />
<br />
An unknown HAFU will be assigned by default until it is updated by meeting one of the requirements above.<br />
<br />
=Air-to-Air Weapons=<br />
----<br />
This area will cover over all the different air-to-air weapons brought with the F-14B Tomcat.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Air Gun==<br />
[[File:f14 gun aa.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
''Using Real-Time mode.''<br />
<br />
The F-14 Tomcat is outfitted with the M61A1 Vulcan 6-barreled Gatling cannon, being able to hold up a maximum of 675 rounds internally.<br />
<br />
===Gun Rates===<br />
The cannon offers 2 modes of combat in the F-14B: <br />
<br />
* '''LOW:''' mode which slows down the muzzle rate, used for Air-to-Ground.<br />
* '''HIGH:''' mode which is to be used for Basic Fighter Maneuvering. (BFM)<br />
<br />
===Gun Modes===<br />
The cannon for Air-to-Air mode is able to be placed into 2 following positions:<br />
<br />
* '''Manual:''' this mode is able to be selected by depressing the CAGE/SEAM button, which will then only display the pipper and ammo count.<br />
* '''Real-Time:''' this mode is the regular, default mode. Along with a radar lock, the pipper will calculate to be accurate when directed to the diamond contact box. This will also give a closure rate towards the contact and the range relative to the aircraft.<br />
<br />
===Symbology===<br />
<br />
The symbology for the cannon is displayed on the HUD with the weapon master selector in the GUN position, and display in A/A. By default, the gun rounds indicator will be displayed as 0 for rounds per 100. Located next to the display panel to the right is the gun ammo counter. Additionally, the gunsight elevation is also able to be adjusted underneath the steer commands on the display panel.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Air Missiles==<br />
===Missile Preparation===<br />
Missile preparation in the F-14B Tomcat is started by moving the master arm switch on the ACM panel underneath the HUD to ON. This is then followed by pressing the MSL PREP and SW COOL buttons to be ON, depending on the armament type.<br />
<br />
===AIM-54 Phoenix===<br />
The AIM-54 is a long-range, semi-active radar missile for Air-to-Air use. The F-14 was the only aircraft to carry it in service and was used to take down Soviet bombers. However, it is able to be used on fighters as well. The AIM-54 comes with a proximity fuse and missile gate suite for non-direct contact explosions and radar tracking methods. <br />
<br />
Upon the launch of the missile, active input from the AN/AWG-9 radar is used to guide itself towards the contact. When reaching pitbull range (~20 nmi.) the missile will then use the radar in itself and steer until impact. <br />
<br />
The time until impact will be calculated during the whole flight of the missile after the launch sequence on the TID as a seconds counter next to the contact.<br />
<br />
====Missile Variants====<br />
The AIM-54 for the F-14 in DCS is not only just 1 variant but 2 provided for the aircraft:<br />
<br />
* '''AIM-54A Mk.60:''' The A variant Mk.60 is a specific version of the AIM-54 Phoenix which utilizes burn time and speed over agility and smoke. The Mk.60 is able to be fired from at most ~100 nmi. under optimal conditions, factoring altitude, kinetic airspeed, contact airspeed, and altitude. The recommended firing distance of the variant, however, is ~45 nmi.<br />
* '''AIM-54C Mk.47:''' The C variant Mk.47 is a later upgrade to the missile that utilizes agility and smoke over burn time and speed. While the C variant provides a no-smoke solution, it lacks the favoring of speed and distance. Under optimal conditions similar to the A, this missile variant is best at ~60 nmi. The recommended distance to contact for firing is ~30 nmi.<br />
<br />
====Launch Modes====<br />
The main seeker in the AIM-54 is able to be fired through 3 launch modes in according:<br />
<br />
# '''Semi-active Radar Homing (SARH):''' In the first stage of the AIM-54 engagement, the missile is guided semi-actively by the AN/AWG-9 radar using both guidance commands transmitted via the radar and radar energy reflected off the target. Then when the missile is within range of its seeker’s ARH mode the AN/AWG-9 commands the missile to switch to ARH. In pulse doppler STT the AIM-54 uses SARH all the way to the target receiving guidance commands at a greater rate than in TWS and also continuous spotlighting of the target because of the STT mode being used. This increases the effective range of the AIM-54 seeker slightly.<br />
# '''Active Radar Homing (ARH):''' This tells the WCS to immediately command the AIM-54 to go active in the first guidance command after launch. If launched at a target within 6 NM if in the targets rear hemisphere or 10 NM miles if in its forward hemisphere the WCS will also automatically command this mode instead of a SARH mode. If the target is not detected actively by the seeker it will still fall back to SARH until the seeker can acquire on its own like in the two SARH modes.<br />
# '''ACM Active:''' The missile is commanded active before launch making this the only mode where the missile is truly fire and forget. The AIM-54 missile receives the active message before launching from the WCS in addition to a command prepositioning the seeker-head to have it look at the current WCS track if available.<br />
<br />
<br />
Additionally, the AIM-54 has an unofficial method of launching the missile:<br />
<br />
* '''Mad-dogging:''' A method that uses the aircraft relative to their contact altitude and airspeed and firing the AIM-54 in the direction, which will force it to become semi-active within the pitbull range.<br />
<br />
====HUD Symbology====<br />
[[File:f14 aim54 hud.png|thumb|400px]]<br />
The pilot will receive standard symbology of the AIM-54 missile selected when the display is in A/A mode. Similar to the GUNS format, displayed on the HUD will be the weapon type denoted in 2 letters, and the number of missiles. Additionally, any more advanced symbology will occur by lock, which is required at first to fire the missile without "mad-dogging."<br />
<br />
====VDI Symbology====<br />
[[File:f14 aim54 vdi.png|thumb|400px]]<br />
The pilot will also receive additional symbology on the VDI whenever a radar lock occurs with the AIM-54 selected.<br />
<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
===AIM-7 Sparrow===<br />
The AIM-7 Sparrow is an active-radar guided missile for Air-to-Air employment. This missile requires an active radar lock to a contact in order to guide itself for impact. The benefit of this missile is that it is able to lose trackoing guidance if the aircraft breaks the lock on a friendly contact, as well as being able to be used in a mixed scenario.<br />
<br />
The maximum range of the Sparrow under optimal conditions as the Phoenix is ~25 nmi. The recommended distance, however, is roughly ~10 nmi.<br />
<br />
===AIM-9 Sidewinder===<br />
The AIM-9 Sidewinder is an IR-guided missile that self tracks based off of thermal energy (heat) of an aircraft. This missile should be used for close quarters range, where agility and speed are a high priority. The benefit of this missile is how quickly it can turn onto a contact. However, a con to this can be "sun-aiming," where the missile follows a contact that flies directly to the sun and immediately flanks out of the sensor sight of the Sidewinder.<br />
<br />
The maximum range on this missile is ~10 nmi., but recommended range is within ~5 nmi. under optimal conditions.<br />
<br />
=Air-to-Ground Weapons=<br />
----<br />
The F-14B Tomcat comes with a variety of air-to-ground weapons after the upgrade to the Bombcat.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Ground Gun==<br />
The symbology of the Air-to-Ground Gun is similar to of the Air-to-Air mode. The weapon will instead keep a diamond inside with the cross until passing the horizon threshold. All happens with the Gun selected and the HUD steering command in A/G mode.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Ground Bombs==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat is able to carry numerous types of munitions that act as bombs, whether dumb or laser-guided.<br />
<br />
===Mk-20/81/82/83/84 GPB===<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
===GBU-12/14/16 LGB===<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
===BDU-33 Training Bomb===<br />
The BDU-33 is a training bomb that emits smoke upon impact on a hard surface. This is generally used in training for Air-to-Ground in the Tomcat, and among other aircraft.<br />
<br />
===ADM-141 TALD===<br />
The ADM-141 Towed Air Launch Defense (TALD) missile is a decoy weapon that is employed for doing Suppression of Enemy Air Defenses. (SEAD) The TALD missile represents one of the only true SEAD weapons used in DCS World that is not DEAD-related. The objective of the TALD is to be dropped to confuse SAM sites that use radar guidance so other aircraft are able to destroy them, hence being "suppressed."<br />
<br />
The TALD is only able to be successfully launched when the RWR is receiving a radar lock warning or missile warning in the F-14 Tomcat. Only the F-14B Tomcat is able to use this weapon.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Ground Rockets==<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
=Resources=<br />
----<br />
==Contributors==<br />
* Jak: An early contributor who wrote information on what the aircraft was and helping serve filler content.<br />
* Nullspec: Contributor towards the F/A-18C Hornet on implemented/non-implemented for the formatting.<br />
<br />
==Manuals & Documents==<br />
* [https://info.publicintelligence.net/F14AAP-1B.pdf F-14B NATOPS Pocket Checklist]<br />
* [http://www.heatblur.se/F-14Manual/ Heatblur F-14 Manual]<br />
* [https://www.mudspike.com/chucks-guides-dcs-f-14b-tomcat/ Chuck's F-14 Guide]<br />
<br />
==Heatblur's Videos==<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q1o7E9pb95Y Episode 1: Overview]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OO3IdQjAdDA Episode 2: Pilot's Cockpit Walkaround]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ws1GxPG2ZXw Episode 3: Cold And Dark (Full Startup)]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kgpGO7fj4oU Episode 4: The RIO's Office]<br />
<br />
==Jabbers' Tutorial Videos==<br />
(They're good!)<br />
<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2qwlJs__iYk Pilot - Startup/Taxi/Takeoff with JESTER AI]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b5opjCygZug Pilot - Maneuvering and Flight Characteristics]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f4y2oZ-7rM8 Pilot - Air-to-Air Refueling]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ujk4hL_EnUc Pilot - ACM - Radar Acquisition Modes]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wftck0C3fJ8 Pilot - Weapons - Zuni Rockets with JESTER AI]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4m-Q02gxFEA Pilot - Weapons - AIM-9 Sidewinder]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SWeHtpJ00JI RIO - Startup]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r4-Dd4ss2Rc RIO - AWG-9 Radar]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YG7sWweg2RQ RIO - IFF Interrogation]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2q-bHFyTEr8 Overview - AIM-54C Mk.47 Phoenix - Tacview Debrief]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PyAQpqVhtBY Overview - AIM-54A Mk.60 Phoenix - Tacview Debrief]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4groy-_Bxfk Quick Tips - AIM-54 Phoenix]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Is3AtOX-abw Quick Tips - Bombing]<br />
<br />
==RedKite's Tutorial Videos==<br />
(More in-depth on particular systems, referenced throughout the guide.)<br />
<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R9-8UCj66Ds Pilot/RIO - LANTIRN & LGB Bombs]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k5femxA_lis Pilot/RIO - ICLS & ACLS]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YqQz9YrEi6A Pilot/RIO - INS Fix]</div>Siriushttps://wiki.hoggitworld.com/index.php?title=F-14A/B&diff=10682F-14A/B2019-10-02T12:23:46Z<p>Sirius: /* RedKit's Tutorial Videos */</p>
<hr />
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<br />
<div class="alert alert-info" role="alert"><br />
'''NOTE:''' This guide is currently under a work-in-progress (WIP) state. If you have any information pertaining to the topics or feedback, please relay them over to Sirius#0002 on Discord, or in the Hoggit Discord #wiki-discussion channel. Thanks!<br />
<br />
This page is focused on the DCS World F-14A/B Tomcat module, which is still in Early Access. Some information may be missing.<br />
</div><br />
<br />
The Grumman '''F-14A/B''' Tomcat is a two-seat, twin-engine supersonic variable wing-sweep fighter aircraft. The F-14 was the first US fighter jet with twin tails and was the largest & heaviest US fighter to ever fly from an aircraft carrier. The reason that the F-14 was so incredibly large and heavy was that it carried the large AWG-9 radar and accompanying AIM-54 Phoenix (air-to-air) missiles: this very capable combination allowed the F-14 to make shots of up to 200 nautical miles at the bad guys. Also, being big means you can carry a lot of fuel!<br />
<br />
Of course, the practical range of the AWG-9 is rather more limited, especially if you are shooting at more maneuverable fighter-sized targets, but even at these closer ranges, the AIM-54 Phoenix is still a capable missile that should not be underestimated. The F-14 is also capable of carrying an array of air-to-ground weapons, such as dumb bombs in both high and low drag forms, air-to-ground Zuni rockets and even laser-guided bombs, which can be self-designated using the LANTIRN targeting pod on the F-14.<br />
<br />
Most people will recognize and adore the F-14 because of its stardom presence in that one weird volleyball movie from the '80s. Its on-screen presence in movies will make the F-14 to appear docile and easy to fly, but due to lack of a fly-by-wire the F-14 can be a real handful: it being a pilot's aircraft however makes it fun to fly and learn. The analogous nature of the F-14 (comparable to the F-5E II Tigershark) will give you a good knowledge of the airplane over time but requires a bit of a different mindset that the computerized flight of the F/A-18C and the F-15.<br />
<br />
__TOC__<br />
<br />
=Weapons List=<br />
----<br />
==Implemented==<br />
Partially or fully implemented weapons of the F14/A/B Tomcat:<br />
* M61 Vulcan Six-Barreled Gatling Gun<br />
* AIM-7M/F Sparrow<br />
* CAP/AIM-9M Sidewinder<br />
* AIM-54A Phoenix Mk. 60<br />
* AIM-54C Phoenix Mk. 47<br />
* Mk-81, 82, 83, and 84 <br />
* GBU-10, 12, 16, and 24 <br />
* MK-20 Rockeye<br />
* Zuni Rockets<br />
* BDU-33 Practice Bombs<br />
* ADM-141 TALD<br />
* LUU-2 Parachute Flare<br />
* Smokewinder<br />
* LANTIRN Pod<br />
* FPU-1 Fuel Tank<br />
<br />
==Planned==<br />
Weapons not yet implemented into the Tomcat:<br />
* TARPS Pod<br />
<br />
=Hands On Throttle And Stick (HOTAS)=<br />
----<br />
==Throttle==<br />
[[File:throttle.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The throttle of the F-14 Tomcat consists of 2 quadrants, both for the left and right engines. There is an afterburner detent along with a cutoff detent for maximum throttle and shutdown of the engine for each quadrant.<br />
<br />
The throttle has the following controls:<br />
# '''Speed Brake Switch:''' 2-position switch. "EXT" is a momentary and needed input position that extends the speed brake outward depending on the aircraft speed.<br />
# '''Wing Sweep Switch:''' 4-way hat switch. "AUTO" sets the wing to sweep automatically determined by an onboard computer, "BOMB" sets the wing to sweep in an angled position between fully extended and retracted and dependent on speed for the air-to-ground bombing.<br />
# '''PLM Button:''' multifunction button. When the steering command is in A2A mode, this acts as a pilot lock-on tool for the AWG-9 radar. But when used for landing and/or in the LDG steering command mode, this allows for disengagement of the ACLS.<br />
# '''CAGE/SEAM Button:''' multifunction button. When the steering command is in A2A mode, this allows for CAGE/SEAM lock-on of the AIM-9 Sidewinder. But when used for landing and/or in the LDG steering command mode, this allows for disengagement of the APC.<br />
# '''Exterior Light Switch:''' 2-position switch. Used to toggle the exterior lights of the aircraft.<br />
# '''ICS PTT Switch:''' 2-position switch. Acts as a push-to-talk system for the ICS system inside of the aircraft used between the Pilot and RIO. (or JESTER AI)<br />
<br />
==Control Stick==<br />
[[File:stick.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The control stick is located in the center of the cockpit, mounted onto the floor. Left and right movements of the control stick direct hydraulic movement to the spoilers and horizontal stabilizers of the aircraft. Forward and backward movement result to respectively the same but to the horizontal stabilizers.<br />
<br />
The control stick has the following controls:<br />
# '''Bomb Release Button:''' single-purpose button. When pressed in A2G steering command mode, all pylons selected with bombs will release respective of the ripple settings, type, and interval.<br />
# '''Trim Hat:''' 4-way hat switch. Upward movement moves the aircraft downward, and downward movement moves the aircraft upward. Both left and right movements follow to their directions according to their name.<br />
# '''Weapon Select Hat:''' 4-way hat switch. Bottom selection is OFF, and a ridge requires a momentary push action to move in/out of to GUN. Following all to the top are SW, then SP/PH which requires a momentary push action to switch between.<br />
# '''DLC & Maneuver Flap Command Wheel:''' scrollable dial. Moving it with the landing gears fully deployed acts as a variable control for spoiler extension. With the landing gears up, the dial also acts the same but for flaps and slats.<br />
# '''DLC Engage/Disengage & CMS Dispense Button:''' multifunction button. When pressed with the landing gears fully deployed, this controls the engagement and disengagement of the DLC system. But with the landing gears fully retracted, this allows for pilot control of the CMS system.<br />
# '''Autopilot Reference & NWS Button:''' multifunction button. When the aircraft is up in the air, this controls specific autopilot settings. But when the aircraft is on the ground, this controls the activation of the nosewheel steering system.<br />
# '''Autopilot Emergency Disengage Paddle:''' multifunction button. Disengages all autopilot modes and DLC and releases all autopilot switches and roll and pitch SAS switches to OFF position.<br />
# '''Weapon Firing Trigger:''' two-stage trigger switch. The first detent enables CTVS and gun camera. Second detent releases selected forwards firing the weapon.<br />
<br />
=Flight Controls & Landing Gear=<br />
----<br />
==Flight Controls==<br />
[[File:Wheels-flaps.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The F-14B has a large hydraulic system which covers for all of the control surfaces of the aircraft. Without the hydraulic system, or taking damage the controls are in risk of improperly working. The F-14 Tomcat was the last of its generation to have no integration of an FBW or FCS system, which was introduced with the F-15 Eagle.<br />
<br />
The F-14's primary flight controls are:<br />
* '''Left Spoilers (LES):''' A set of spoilers that lie within the left wing of the aircraft that help with aileron movement and control that react opposite of the intended direction.<br />
* '''Right Spoilers (RES):''' A set of spoilers that lie within the right wing of the aircraft that help with aileron movement and control that react opposite of the intended direction.<br />
* '''Tailerons (TAIL):''' Two horizontal stabilizers located on the rear end of the aircraft that control both pitch and aileron movement.<br />
* '''Leading Edge Flaps (LEF):''' Normal slats located on the leading (front) edge of the wings to add lift.<br />
* '''Trailing Edge Flaps (TEF):''' Normal flaps located on the trailing (back) edge of the wings to add lift.<br />
<br />
<br />
The control stick controls the stabilators, ailerons, and rudder and the rudder pedals control the rudder.<br />
<br />
===Flaps System===<br />
The aircraft's flap system provides more lift (and as a byproduct, drag). The flaps lever has two positions:<br />
* '''NONE:''' This applies no flap whatsoever to the wings of the aircraft.<br />
* '''FULL:''' This applies full movement of flaps to the wings of the aircraft.<br />
<br />
<br />
The flaps lever allows for variable movement, which gives the pilot the ability to control the amount of flap they wish for.<br />
<br />
===Speed Brake===<br />
The speed brake is a flap located on the end of the aircraft designed to provide drag to decelerate faster. It is activated via the speed brake switch on the throttle. The two positions are:<br />
* '''EXT:''' When the switch is moved aft, this extends the speed brake of the aircraft out depending on the airspeed.<br />
* '''RET:''' When the switch is moved forward, this retracts the speed brake.<br />
<br />
===Trim===<br />
The tailerons are capable of being trimmed to make roll and pitch corrections. This is accomplished with the trim hat on the controls stick. When the autopilot system is engaged, the onboard computer will attempt to make active trim movements in order to keep the aircraft within the specified attitude when set, along of the setting parameters. As speed is either gained or lost, the trim will actively move the stick as well along of the tailerons to adapt.<br />
<br />
===Wing Sweep===<br />
The wings of the aircraft are a variable-sweep design allowing for automatic or manual movements from pilot input on the right throttle quadrant. Similar to wing fold, the wings are able to be overswept from its maximum position through a master reset of the system in order to allow tighter space and closer parking on the carrier deck.<br />
<br />
==Landing Gear==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat has 3 retractable landing gears: the nose gear, the left gear, and the right gear. The gear is moved via the gear lever on the left side of the cockpit. In the up position, the gear will retract. In the down position, the gear will extend. The gear lever cannot be put up with weight on wheels. The gear will not retract with the launch bar extended.<br />
<br />
===Nosewheel Steering===<br />
The nose gear features nosewheel steering (NWS) controlled by the rudder pedals. With the weight off of the wheels, it is disengaged. It automatically engages upon there being the weight on wheels. NWS is disengaged manually via the button on the stick.<br />
<br />
===Launch Bar===<br />
On the front nosegear is a launch bar that attaches the airplane to a catapult from launches from an aircraft carrier. Its deployment is pilot-controlled, but it is connected to the catapult by the ground crew (DCS default binding is U).<br />
<br />
It is controlled via the launch bar switch on the left upper console. When the switch in the RETRACT position, the launch bar will retract, but physically cannot do so when connected to the catapult. The switch will move to the RETRACT position automatically when there is a weight off wheels. In the EXTEND position, the launch bar will extend if there is the weight on wheels.<br />
<br />
=Autopilot and Autothrottle=<br />
----<br />
The F-14 Tomcat has the ability to automate certain types of flight via its Automatic Flight Control System (AFCS) and Automatic Throttle Control (ATC). The AFCS, or simply the autopilot, control the flight surfaces and the ATC controls the throttles.<br />
<br />
==AFCS==<br />
[[File:afcs.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The Automatic Flight Control System (AFCS), or just the "autopilot", controls the aircraft's flight controls to automate maneuvering. It is interfaced on the autopilot panel via the A/P engage switch. On the autopilot panel, there are 7 modes able to be toggled:<br />
# '''Pitch Stabilizer Augmentation:''' 2-position switch. This switch controls the ability for the pitch to be augmented for dampening.<br />
# '''Roll Stabilizer Augmentation:''' 2-position switch. This switch controls the ability for the roll to be augmented for dampening.<br />
# '''Yaw Stabilizer Augmentation:''' 2-position switch. This switch controls the ability for the yaw to be augmented for dampening.<br />
# '''VEC/PCD/ACL Switch:''' 3-position switch. This switch controls the remote control modes of autopilot with the steering bars and ACLS.<br />
# '''ALT Switch:''' 2-position switch.' This switch controls the ability to maintain the current altitude when autopilot is engaged.<br />
# '''HDG/GT Switch:''' 3-position switch. This switch controls the ability to maintain the current heading when autopilot is engaged.<br />
# '''ENGAGE Switch:''' 2-position switch. This switch engages and disengages the autopilot.<br />
<br />
==ATC==<br />
The automatic throttle control (ATC), or just "autothrottle", controls the physical throttles and thereby automated thrust control. ATC is toggled via ATC engage/disengage switch next to the throttle. When the ATC is engaged, the physical means of the throttle quadrants will begin to move on their own. However, whenever the pilot makes any new movement to the throttle whatsoever, the ATC will disengage to allow pilot control over both of the engines. The ATC is primarily used for landing on a carrier along of the ACLS system.<br />
<br />
=Digital Systems Overview=<br />
----<br />
[[File:displays.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
==Pilot==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat comes with 2 digital display screens in the Pilot cockpit:<br />
* '''Vertical Display Indicator (VDI):''' a multifunction display that allows for the pilot to see their HUD in a form of a repeater, and the [[#Television Camera Set|TCS]].<br />
* '''Horizontal Situation Display Indicator (HSD):''' a multifunction display that allows for the pilot to see their virtual compass for navigation modes, and the [[#AWG-9 Pulse-Doppler Radar|AWG-9 Radar]] from the RIO TID as a repeater.<br />
<br />
===Heads Up Display===<br />
The head-up display (HUD) is a projected display at the front of the cockpit that serves as the primary flight instrument. It also provides various indications for weapon delivery; this section will cover the HUD's indications in NAV master mode. Master mode/weapon-specific indications on the HUD will be covered in the relevant section.<br />
<br />
====Reject Modes====<br />
Via the switches next to the TO button on the displays panel, you are able to "declutter" or remove information off of the HUD.<br />
<br />
==Radar Intercept Officer==<br />
The Radar Intercept Officer (RIO) comes with 3 digital display screens in the RIO cockpit:<br />
* '''Detail Data Display (DDD):''' a dual-purpose display that allows for the RIO to see contacts on the [[#AWG-9 Pulse-Doppler Radar|radar]], based on the range and radar mode.<br />
* '''Tactical Information Display (TID):''' a multi-purpose display that allows for the RIO to see their [[#AWG-9 Pulse-Doppler Radar|AWG-9]] situational awareness, [[#Television Camera Set|TCS]], [[#TARPS Pod|TARPS]] and [[#LANTIRN Targeting Pod|LANTIRN]] pods.<br />
* '''Horizontal Situation Display Indicator (HSD):''' a multi-purpose display as to the one in the pilot cockpit.<br />
<br />
==Master Modes==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat has 5 primarily modes for information displayed. The 5 master modes are:<br />
* '''TO:''' switch. Displays takeoff information on HUD and VDI for degrees.<br />
* '''CRUISE:''' single-purpose button. Displays in-air flight information on HUD and VDI for degrees.<br />
* '''A/A:''' single-purpose button. Displays air-to-air information on HUD and VDI for degrees; and weapon employment.<br />
* '''A/G:''' single-purpose button. Displays air-to-ground information on HUD and VDI for degrees; and weapon employment.<br />
* '''LDG:''' single-purpose button. Displays landing information on HUD and VDI for degrees.<br />
<br />
<br />
Additionally, the F-14 Tomcat has an Air Combat Maneuver (ACM) panel which controls all air-to-air and air-to-ground aspects for armament.<br />
<br />
=Navigation=<br />
----<br />
The F-14 Tomcat has an inertial navigation system (INS) that allows the pilot to navigate by internal gyros aligned. However, due to the fault of having no GPS assistance, these gyros slowly drift over time and cause misalignment for visual information.<br />
<br />
==HSD==<br />
[[File:Hsd.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The Horizontal Situation Display Indicator (HSD) is the primary interface with the airplane's navigation systems. The HSI can be accessed from the bottom display screen. The basic function of the HSI is a rotating compass with a looking-from-above perspective. The controls for this screen are:<br />
# '''BRT Control:''' dial. Controls the brightness of the HSD screen.<br />
# '''HDG Control:''' dial. Controls the heading reference in TACAN mode.<br />
# '''CRS Control:''' dial. Controls the course heading reference in MAN and TACAN modes.<br />
# '''Test Button:''' single-purpose button. Resets the HSD screen if overload protection activates.<br />
# '''BIT Indicator:''' light. Shows a white light if a failure produces in the HSD.<br />
<br />
=== Steering Commands ===<br />
The HSD comes with a set of 5 different steering commands, which each have their own purpose towards displaying certain information:<br />
* '''TACAN:''' single-purpose button. Displays information based off of a radio beacon with range and direction.<br />
* '''DEST:''' single-purpose button. Displays information off of a selected waypoint from the RIO with range and direction.<br />
* '''AWL/PCD:''' single-purpose button. Displays information off of an ICLS frequency with azimuth and elevation bars (on VDI and HUD)<br />
* '''VEC:''' single-purpose button. ? (needs more info.)<br />
* '''MAN:''' single-purpose button. Displays information off of an entered heading (HDG Control) with direction.<br />
<br />
==Waypoints==<br />
The F-14B comes with an onboard flight computer system that handles waypoint navigation during in-air flight. The navigation system in the F-14B Tomcat gives a variety of waypoint holders, along with information for a set home plate.<br />
<br />
===Pilot===<br />
For the F-14B pilot, the waypoint information is able to be accessed by the DEST steering command and by using the NAV HSD display mode.<br />
<br />
===Radar Intercept Officer===<br />
For the F-14B Radar Intercept Officer, (RIO) the waypoints must be manually assigned by the RIO through the Computer Address Panel (CAP) system under the TAC DATA category. Once done, the waypoint must be selected through the CAP and entered in with coordinates similar to how INS alignment procedures are done.<br />
<br />
==TACAN==<br />
Tactical Air Navigation (TACAN) is a military radio navigation system. A TACAN beacon allows for an aircraft to determine its bearing and range from it, and using this information can navigate. TACAN's may be ground-based or be broadcasted by an airplane. TACAN channels have two bands, X and Y, and range from 1-126. 2 TACAN channels may be set present in the aircraft by both the Pilot and RIO for simultaneous use.<br />
<br />
The TACAN setting knobs give a range of these options:<br />
*'''T/R:''' Transmit and receive. Gets bearing and range from the TACAN.<br />
*'''RCV:''' Receive. Gets bearing from the TACAN.<br />
*'''A/A:''' Air-to-air TACAN mode.<br />
*'''X:''' Tunes the selected frequency on the X band.<br />
*'''Y:''' Tunes the selected frequency on the Y band.<br />
<br />
==ICLS==<br />
For night and low visibility operations, aircraft carriers have an Instrument Carrier Landing System (ICLS) to allow for instrument approaches to the carrier. ICLS provides horizontal and vertical guidance. The F-14 is equipped with ICLS.<br />
<br />
To activate the airplane's ICLS antenna, an ICLS dial is present to the right of the warning lights advisory panel, with an ARA on/off switch, used to toggle power to the system.<br />
<br />
When ILS is selected on the HSI, two bars, one horizontal and one vertical, appear near the velocity vector on the HUD. These indicate a vertical and horizontal deviation from the optimal glideslope (3°) and course to the deck. When they are both aligned with the velocity vector (making a "+"), the aircraft is on course.<br />
<br />
==ACLS==<br />
For CAT III conditions and poor visibility, the F-14 is equipped with the Automatic Carrier Landing System (ACLS) to allow an automatic flight to the carrier via. a radio-guided input from a Landing Signal Officer. (LSO) The auto-throttle and autopilot systems must be engaged and present during the time of activation with this system, along with lights given to the left of the VDI display.<br />
<br />
Datalink is required between the aircraft and the carrier in order for ACLS to work. When the best position of the azimuth and glideslope bars are within parameters, the nosewheel steering button is pressed in order to engage guidance.<br />
<br />
==Navigation Failures==<br />
The F-14B has a variety of navigation failures that may/can occur, including methods to fix them.<br />
<br />
===Navigation Fix Update===<br />
An error of latitude or longitude in the computer position of the aircraft can be corrected by a navigation fix update. Updating is especially important in the backup modes (AHRS AM and IMU/ AM) because of the estimated winds and magnetic variation changes. A nav fix is done via a ground-reference-point (latitude and longitude) position. The range and bearing of this position to the present aircraft position are used to update or correct existing values. The nav system may be updated by either a radar fix, a TACAN fix, or a visual fix.<br />
<br />
Before performing a nav fix, the latitude and longitude of the desired update point (radar, TACAN, or visual) must be stored in one of eight navigation point locations (three WPs, FIX PT, HOME BASE, HOST AREA, DEF PT, and IP). This data can be stored prior to flight by data link or by manual insertion. Then follow these steps:<br />
<br />
# Hook the Waypoint you choose to select for the nav fix.<br />
# Check the stored latitude and longitude on the TID.<br />
# Rotate the CATEGORY switch to NAV and select the desired type of update.<br />
<br />
<br />
Note that updating the position while in INS, and to a lesser degree while in IMU, can introduce a greater navigational position error than already present, in particular, if radar fix is used to update the nav system. Updates with a visual or TACAN fix provide reasonable accuracy (assuming a good MAG VAR during TACAN updates). Updating your nav system via a nav fix should be primarily used in the AHRS mode.<br />
<br />
===Radar Fix Update===<br />
An RDR FIX may be selected before or after positioning the DDD cursors. If the RDR FIX button is depressed, the computer computes the present position of the aircraft by measuring the range and bearing from the selected point. The delta between the computer position and the position determined by the INS is then displayed on the TID. If the entry of this delta into the navigation computations is desired, press the FIX ENABLE button. If the delta does not appear to be correct, the computer and the readout can be cleared by pressing the RDR FIX button. The fix may then be attempted again. The RIO should also perform periodic checks of own aircraft system altitude and update the altitude if necessary.<br />
<br />
Radar updating is performed as follows:<br />
<br />
# TID CURSOR/CAP - Hook Desired Navigation Point for Update.<br />
# PULSE SRCH button - Depress.<br />
# On sensor control panel: STAB switch - IN. EL BARS switch - 1. AZ SCAN switch - As Desired.<br />
# RDR FIX button - Depress.<br />
# DDD CURSOR button - Depress.<br />
# Action switch - Half Action (first detent).<br />
# Cursor is displayed on DDD.<br />
# Manipulate hand control DDD cursor over desired ground map point.<br />
# Action switch - Full Action and Release. (This will cause the DDD cursor to remain at the selected position.<br />
# Observe the delta for LAT and LONG on TID.<br />
# If readouts are unsatisfactory, deselect RDR FIX and repeat steps 4 through 12.<br />
# FIX ENABLE button - Depress.<br />
<br />
===TACAN Update===<br />
To perform a nav fix by TACAN requires that a restored waypoint shares identical LAT and LONG values with the TACAN station that will be used for the fix. Select the TACAN channel for the desired station and verify by listening to the coded identifier tone in the headset.<br />
<br />
Press the TACAN FIX button to update the aircraft position from a TACAN station. The WCS computer then calculates the own aircraft position error based on the range and bearing from the TACAN station. The delta is then entered in the same manner as with a radar fix.<br />
<br />
Perform a TACAN fix following these steps:<br />
<br />
# Select a TACAN channel whose latitude and longitude correspond to an update point.<br />
# Hook desired update point (WAYPT 1, FIX PT, HOME BASE, etc.).<br />
# CATEGORY switch - NAV.<br />
# TACAN FIX button - Depress.<br />
# Observe present position delta readout.<br />
# If delta is unsatisfactory, deselect TACAN FIX and repeat steps 2 through 7.<br />
# FIX ENABLE button - Depress.<br />
<br />
===Visual Update===<br />
To perform a visual fix, fly over a restored waypoint and press the VIS FIX button. Estimate your timing, because the aircraft nose and fuselage can obscure the fixed point during an overflight. It is also difficult to estimate when directly overhead a waypoint if the aircraft altitude is greater than 10.000 feet. The delta for the visual fix is displayed on the TID. Enter the delta by pressing FIX ENABLE.<br />
<br />
To perform a visual fix use the following steps:<br />
<br />
# Hook desired update point (WAY PT, HB, IP, etc.).<br />
# Select NAV category on CAP.<br />
# Overfly the selected restored point and when over the point, depress the VIS FIX button on the cap.<br />
# If the delta is not satisfactory, press VIS FIX again to clear the delta and repeat from step 1.<br />
# If a satisfactory delta is displayed, depress the FIX ENABLE button; this causes the delta correction of own-aircraft position to be inserted into the computer.<br />
<br />
===Datalink Update===<br />
To perform a data link update of the aircraft INS to the TDS frame of reference, the aircraft and TDS must share a prebriefed waypoint, identical in latitude and longitude. Enter this LAT/LONG data into the HOST AREA pseudo target file. The TDS will uplink the common reference point as a data link waypoint. When the aircraft and TDS INS systems agree, the data link waypoint and host area symbols will be superimposed on the TID. If they drift apart, the two pseudo targets on the TID will drift as well.<br />
<br />
To perform an update via data link, use the following steps:<br />
<br />
# Hook data link waypoint corresponding prebriefed reference point.<br />
# Select NAV category on CAP.<br />
# Overfly the hooked data link waypoint. When immediately over the point, press VIS FIX button on CAP.<br />
# Observe delta LAT and LONG on TID.<br />
# If deltas are satisfactory and update is desired, depress FIX ENABLE.<br />
# After a data link update, HOST AREA and data link waypoint should be superimposed on the TID again.<br />
<br />
===Fighter-to-Fighter Navigation Update===<br />
Net aircraft that use fighter-to-fighter data link can update their navigation system in the FF/DL mode. To update LAT/LONG hook the net aircraft symbol of an aircraft that is in close proximity and select F/F NAV UPDATE on the CAP. This will enter the hooked aircraft’s coordinates into the INS as own-aircraft coordinates. To update the nav system on an aircraft that is not close, first obtain a radar STT on that aircraft, hook the STT-ed aircraft on the TID and then press F/F NAV UPDATE on the CAP.<br />
<br />
=Defensive Systems=<br />
----<br />
The F-14B is equipped with various defensive systems: the AN/ALE-39 Countermeasure Dispensing System (CMDS), for the release of chaff and flares, the AN/ALQ-126 Deception ECM (DECM), for jamming enemy radar, and the AN/ALR-67 Radar Warning Reciever (RWR), for detection of enemy radar emitters and missile launches.<br />
<br />
==AN/ALR-67 RWR==<br />
[[File:alr-67.png|thumb|400px]]<br />
The AN/ALR-67 Radar Warning Receiver (RWR) provides the Hornet the ability to detect radars via the radio/microwave radiation they emit.<br />
<br />
===Audio Tones===<br />
Accompanying the RWR are various audio feedback tones:<br />
*'''Single Beep:''' A new ground- or sea-based emitter has been detected.<br />
*'''Double Beep:''' A new airborne emitter has been detected.<br />
*'''Repeating Beep:''' An emitter is tracking.<br />
*'''Faster Repeating Beep:''' An emitter is guiding a missile or is a missile.<br />
<br />
<br />
On the RWR gauge, the RWR knob will control the volume of the RWR tones.<br />
<br />
===Emitter Identifiers===<br />
''This list is, at present, not complete.''<br />
{|class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"<br />
!Type<br />
!RWR ID<br />
|-<br />
|U<br />
|Unknown<br />
|-<br />
|M<br />
|Active radar-homing missile<br />
|-<br />
|S<br />
|Search radar<br />
|-<br />
|3<br />
|SA-3 "Goa"<br />
|-<br />
|6<br />
|SA-6 "Gainful"<br />
|-<br />
|8<br />
|SA-8 "Gecko"<br />
|-<br />
|10<br />
|SA-10 "Grumble"<br />
|-<br />
|11<br />
|SA-11 "Gadfly"<br />
|-<br />
|11<br />
|F-111 Aardvark<br />
|-<br />
|12<br />
|SA-12 "Gladiator"<br />
|-<br />
|13<br />
|SA-13 "Gopher"<br />
|-<br />
|13<br />
|C-130 Hercules<br />
|-<br />
|14<br />
|F-14 Tomcat<br />
|-<br />
|15<br />
|F-15 Eagle<br />
|-<br />
|15 <br />
|SA-15 "Gauntlet"<br />
|-<br />
|16<br />
|F-16 Fighting Falcon<br />
|-<br />
|17<br />
|C-17 Globemaster III<br />
|-<br />
|18<br />
|F/A-18 Hornet<br />
|-<br />
|22<br />
|Tu-22 "Blinder"<br />
|-<br />
|23<br />
|MiG-23 "Flogger"<br />
|-<br />
|24<br />
|Su-24 "Fencer"<br />
|-<br />
|25<br />
|MiG-25 "Foxbat"<br />
|-<br />
|29<br />
|MiG-29 "Fulcrum"<br />
|-<br />
|29<br />
|Su-27 "Flanker"<br />
|-<br />
|29<br />
|Su-33 "Flanker-D"<br />
|-<br />
|30<br />
|Su-30 "Flanker-C"<br />
|-<br />
|31<br />
|MiG-31 "Foxhound"<br />
|-<br />
|34<br />
|Su-34 "Fullback"<br />
|-<br />
|39<br />
|Su-25M "Frogfoot"<br />
|-<br />
|40<br />
|''Spruance''-class destroyer<br />
|-<br />
|48<br />
|''Nimitz''-class carrier<br />
|-<br />
|49<br />
|''Oliver Hazard Perry''-class frigate<br />
|-<br />
|50<br />
|A-50 "Mainstay"<br />
|-<br />
|52<br />
|B-52 Stratofortress<br />
|-<br />
|76<br />
|IL-76 "Candid"<br />
|-<br />
|78<br />
|IL-78 "Midas"<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==AN/ALE-39 CMDS==<br />
[[File:f14 cms.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The AN/ALE-39 is the countermeasures dispensing set installed in the F-14B in this simulation. It controls its own set of launchers located between the engine nozzles on the underside of the so-called beaver-tail. The launchers each have two sections, one containing 10 cartridges and the other 20. They are referred to the left and right dispensers even though the left is really the front one and the right the back one with both being mounted inline on the left side of the tailhook. This is a remnant from the earliest model F-14s carrying the AN/ALE-29.<br />
<br />
This all sums up to a capacity of 60 cartridges in the system with each section necessarily holding one type of cartridges meaning that any combination of cartridges is possible as long as each type’s quantity is a multiple of 10. The system itself has no real knowledge of what is loaded where so incorrectly programming the system can lead to the wrong type of cartridge being ejected.<br />
<br />
===Cockpit Controls===<br />
The system itself can be operated manually from the control panel in the RIO pit or the DLC thumbwheel on the pilot stick when the flaps lever is in the up position. It is also capable of running programmed sequences of ejection which in turn can be initiated manually by the RIO from the control panel or the direction hats mounted on the handhold over the DDD. In addition, the AN/ALR-67 can also initiate the chaff ejection program if set up correctly on the AN/ALE-39 control panel.<br />
<br />
==AN/ALQ-126 DECM==<br />
The AN/ALQ-126 deception jammer is designed to detect radar threats, analyze them, select the optimum countermeasure technique available and apply it. Available techniques for jamming are amongst others, main lobe blanking, inverse con-scan, range-gate pull-off and swept square modes. In DCS this is modeled as a simple noise jammer due to engine limitations but controlled by the DECM logic as to when it’s on or off.<br />
<br />
===Cockpit Controls===<br />
The controls for the AN/ALQ-126 DECM are all located on the right horizontal panel in the RIO pit, the panel as the image above. In addition, there are two indication lights co-located with the RWR threat indicators on the right side of the TID. The mode selector knob controls power and operational mode that the system is in. The modes for the DECM are as follows:<br />
<br />
* '''OFF:''' turns off power to the system. STBY begins pre-warming of the system, taking in all-around 5 minutes.<br />
* '''TEST HOLD 3 SEC:''' is used to prepare the system for BIT, after 3 seconds in this mode, turn the knob to TEST - ACT.<br />
* '''TEST ACT:''' starts the BIT in the system. The BIT takes approximately 30 seconds and the RCV light will be illuminated the whole time while the XMIT light will flash twice. If the STANDBY light illuminates it indicates that a no-go condition exists in the system.<br />
* '''REC:''' enables the system to receive the only mode, enabling analyzation of threats and also the threat audio.<br />
* '''RPT:''' enables full system functionality, in addition to REC it also now tries to jam threats according to the selected method.<br />
<br />
=Television Camera Set=<br />
----<br />
[[File:tcs_symbology.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The F-14B is outfitted with the ALQ-100 Television Camera Set (TCS) pod, used for visually identifying aircraft during the time of which IFF was not a trusted/more inferior method to confirming hostile aircraft and to keep track of their position, as well as their living status.<br />
<br />
==Symbology==<br />
On the TID, in non-TV mode, a TCS track is indicated by a 1.5” strobe at TCS LOS azimuth with a hollow circle at the end.<br />
<br />
The symbology on the video feed from the TCS has indicators for the FOV and two crosshairs indicating TCS LOS relative own aircraft, GACH, and AN/AWG-9 radar LOS relative TCS LOS, RACH. Additionally, the track window is indicated by 4 small squares representing each corner of that window.<br />
<br />
The gimbal angle crosshairs or GACH, which is a solid cross, indicate deflection of the TCS LOS from the aircraft datum line, ADL. GACH crosshair in the center indicates TCS LOS along ADL and deflection towards the edges indicate deflection towards the gimbal limits with the video edges being maximum deflection.<br />
<br />
RACH or radar angle crosshairs, a dashed crosshair, indicate radar antenna LOS when inside the current TCS FOV. When the sensors slave to one another RACH and GACH will coincide creating a single solid crosshair.<br />
<br />
The track window indicates the area that the TCS contrast tracker is currently locked on to if it has acquired a target. When not in an active track these squares collapse into the center of the display being 2% of the screen width when in manual mode and 5% when in an auto mode.<br />
<br />
=LANTIRN Targeting Pod=<br />
----<br />
[[File:flir.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The F-14B can carry the AN/AAQ-14 Low Altitude Navigation and Targeting Infrared For Night (LANTIRN) targeting pod. This pod consists of a Forward-Looking Infrared (FLIR) camera (which also includes a digital charged coupled device camera) for target locating and observing, a Laser Target Designator/Ranger for firing a laser that both designates targets for laser-homing weapons and gathers ranging information for designating whatever the FLIR is pointed at as an air-to-ground, and a Laser Spot Tracker (LST) which can search for and track a laser, allowing for the FLIR to be cued onto an offboard (ground or air-designated) laser from another unit and then designate a Target off said point; this allows for most effective buddy-lasing. The targeting pod can be used in both air-to-ground and air-to-air functions, but the LTD/R and LST are only used for A/G operation.<br />
<br />
==Symbology==<br />
The following areas on the LANTIRN are to represent:<br />
# '''A/C Position Data:''' Displays aircraft LAT/LON, altitude, and groundspeed information.<br />
# '''LANTIRN Polarity:''' Displays white or hot background. AGC is for automatic gain control, MGC is for manual gain control.<br />
# '''LANTIRN Information:''' Gives general information on the pod. SR is for slant range, AZ/EL for azimuth/elevation of sight, and rest is UTC time.<br />
# '''LANTIRN Track Mode:''' Displays the current tracking mode. A/A is for air-to-air, A/G is for air-to-ground. Right side is for current selected weapon.<br />
# '''Track Data:''' Displays information of LAT/LON and altitude of where the sight is at.<br />
# '''Track:''' Displays the hairs for point and area track, and what the sight is directly pointed at.<br />
# '''Launch Envelopes:''' The top tape is for the heading relative of the aircraft to the track. The right side tape is for the release point.<br />
<br />
=TARPS Pod=<br />
----<br />
Not yet implemented.<br />
<br />
=Air-to-Air Radar=<br />
----<br />
==Detail Data Display==<br />
[[File:f14 ddd.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
Among the 3 digital displays, the Detail Data Display gives the RIO information about contacts from the AWG-9 radar in terms of range and radar mode, with respect to the notch filter.<br />
<br />
===Notch Filter===<br />
The AWG-9 radar in the F-14B Tomcat has a notch filter when using the pulse-doppler radar modes under certain conditions. These conditions include, but are not limited to:<br />
<br />
* ~100 knot difference of the aircraft relative to contact<br />
* Contact flying 90 degrees perpendicular CW/CCW to aircraft<br />
* Masking with ground terrain scan return<br />
<br />
<br />
There is a rough line shown in the radar modes, likewise of the jamming lobe, for when considering the notch filter that the contact will disappear from.<br />
<br />
==Tactical Information Display==<br />
[[File:f14 tid.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The Tactical Information Display (TID) gives the RIO of the F-14B the main information on the AWG-9 radar, including situational awareness, range, altitude, and contact heading.<br />
<br />
===Display Modes===<br />
The TID comes with a total of 8 display modes available, that can be toggled either on or off for purposes of gathering more information or decluttering:<br />
<br />
* '''RID DISABLE:''' ? needs more info. Not yet implemented.<br />
* '''ALT NUM:''' Displays the altitude of contact with a singular digit rounded to the nearest thousand.<br />
* '''SYM ELEM:''' Displays the symbology of contacts corresponding to HAFU.<br />
* '''DATA LINK:''' Displays contacts from the datalink frequency.<br />
* '''JAM STROBE:''' Displays the jamming strobes. Not yet implemented.<br />
* '''NON-ATTK:''' Displays determined (manual IFF or datalink) HAFU of friendly contacts.<br />
* '''VEL VECTOR:''' Displays the velocity vectors of contacts.<br />
* '''LAUNCH ZONE:''' Displays contact approximate missile launch zones.<br />
<br />
==AN/AWG-9 Radar==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat is equipped with the AN/AWG-9 all-weather and pulse-doppler radar. It is a very long-range radar used for the main purpose of intercept.<br />
<br />
===Radar Modes===<br />
The AWG-9 in the F-14B comes with 2 types of radar modes: doppler and pulse-doppler search. Of those two, subsets are able to be observed as 5 in this list:<br />
<br />
* '''PD SRCH:''' Pulse-Doppler Search mode. No bias factor of the radar, but impedes to pulse-doppler methods.<br />
* '''PD STT:''' Pulse-Doppler Single Target Track mode. By default upon acquiring a lock with the AWG-9, the radar will move to this function mode. It is currently suspectable to the notch filter.<br />
* '''RWS:''' Range While Search mode. The radar will prioritize the range of targets but not other factors. Falls under pulse-doppler.<br />
* '''TWS MAN:''' Track While Scan - Manual mode. The radar will prioritize the situational awareness of other targets but not give information on every target. The radar will also prioritize targets by threat importance.<br />
* '''TWS AUTO:''' Track While Scan - Auto mode. The radar will perform the same as TWS Man, but the elevation and azimuth controls will be automated in the process for an optimal scan.<br />
* '''PULSE SRCH:''' Pulse Search mode. No bias factor of the radar and can not be impeded to the notch filter, unlike the pulse-doppler method. The radar will, however, output a return of everything that is scanned and requires tuning.<br />
* '''PULSE STT:''' Pulse Single Target Track mode. Performing similarly to Pulse Search mode, this function mode applies to only a single target and is not suspectable to the notch filter.<br />
<br />
====Pulse-Doppler Search Mode====<br />
[[File:f14 pulsedoppler.png|thumb|350px]]<br />
The pulse-doppler search mode is used mainly as a kind of early warning mode. It is the search mode with the greatest detection range but it can display no range to the RIO, only closure rate. For this reason, the TID can display no track information.<br />
<br />
====Pulse-Doppler STT Mode====<br />
[[File:f14 pdstt.png|thumb|350px]]<br />
The pulse-doppler STT works and looks much like the pulse STT mode. It does, however, have the same advantages and disadvantages compared to pulse STT as the other pulse-doppler modes compared to the pulse modes. This means that while much better at tracking a target close to the ground it is however vulnerable to notching.<br />
<br />
The DDD display for pulse-doppler STT looks like pulse STT display except that the target return and antenna azimuth display are moved to the left side of the screen and a generated synthetic target marker is displayed at the correct azimuth instead. This is so that the targets range can be displayed by the synthetic target, unlike the other pulse-doppler modes which only shows closure rate. The other symbology on the DDD in this mode are the same as in pulse STT.<br />
<br />
====Range While Search Mode====<br />
In range while search, a frequency measuring ranging mode is added (FM ranging) to allow the radar to measure the range of tracked targets in addition to closure rate. This additional processing does, however, mean that the effective range of the radar is somewhat lesser. The display on the DDD is the same as in pulse-doppler search, the TID however also shows tracks in this mode showing the targets as tracks momentarily as they’re scanned and displaying their position and altitude. <br />
<br />
The targets are shown for a maximum of two seconds or until the antenna again scans the same bar at the same azimuth at which time it is removed unless detected again. The maximum number of concurrently shown tracks are 48.<br />
<br />
====TWS Manual Mode====<br />
The track, while scan mode uses the same FM ranging as RWS with the same reduction in range compared to pulse-doppler search and the DDD display, is also the same. The main difference that the computer establishes track files and tracks up to 24 targets concurrently of which 18 can be shown on the TID at any given time.<br />
<br />
As the computer routine calculating these tracks need a set track refresh time of 2 seconds this limits available azimuth scan area and bar settings to either 20° 4 bars or 40° 2 bars. When entering TWS the computer automatically selects the ±20° 4 bar scan disregarding the RIO set scan volumes unless those are set to ±40° 2 bars in which case that is used instead.<br />
<br />
The TWS mode is also the only mode enabling guidance of the AIM-54 at multiple targets (up to six), and as soon as engageable targets are detected the computer starts assigning them a missile priority number according to optimal missile firing sequence.<br />
<br />
====TWS Auto Mode====<br />
Performing similarly to TWS Man mode, what differs between the two is that in TWS auto the computer takes control of used scan volume and scan pattern azimuth and elevation as soon as target tracks are present. The WCS computer automatically tries to optimize the scan volume and direction so that tracking of the prioritized targets is maximized. If not selected before launch the WCS overrides as soon as the first AIM-54 is launched and selects TWS Auto.<br />
<br />
====Pulse Search Mode====<br />
[[File:f14 pulse.png|thumb|350px]]<br />
Pulse search is used to search for and find airborne targets at range. It is possible to use this radar mode as a basic ground mapper as well which can be useful for navigation and navigational fixes and can also be used in a pinch to detect larger surface targets like ships. Keep in mind though that the radar is not built with this as its main function and that a real air-to-ground radar will outperform it handily.<br />
<br />
In this mode, the radar cannot by itself differentiate targets and generate tracks meaning that the WCS will not generate track files and display anything on the TID. This also means that pulse search is not capable of guiding missiles.<br />
<br />
====Pulse STT Mode====<br />
[[File:f14 pstt.png|thumb|350px]]<br />
Pulse STT is used to track a single target, like pulse search mode it is not susceptible to notching but it is to ground clutter. The fact that the STT modes use gates to track the target, in this case, range gates, means that it is less susceptible to ground clutter but a target close enough to the ground that the ground return enters the range gates would be likely to shake the lock.<br />
<br />
As it is only in the pulse-doppler modes that the missile guidance commands can be sent pulse STT is limited to launching AIM-7s in CW mode and AIM-54s in an active launch mode limiting their ranges. At short ranges, ACM ranges, it is possible to use the ASPECT switch to set what aspect of the target to track, this is just to counter different types of countermeasures. As an example, if set to NOSE the radar will be less susceptible to chaff as the radar weights its track towards the targets leading-edge (nose) away from the chaff being launched behind the target.<br />
<br />
A successful track is indicated by the ANT TRK and RDROT indicator lights on the DDD, meaning that the antenna is tracking the target and that the target is within the range gates. If the target is jamming with sufficient strength, negating a range track, the radar will transition to a jam angle track instead, indicated by the JAT indicator light on the DDD illuminating instead of the RDROT. When range tracking is again possible at closer ranges the radar will transition to that instead.<br />
<br />
The DDD in this mode will be similar to the pulse search mode but the antenna will be locked onto the target and not scan. Additionally, the DDD will show the range gates around the target, a closing rate symbol at the right scale and applicable attack symbology if a valid missile is selected.<br />
<br />
===Anti-Jamming Modes===<br />
Not yet implemented.<br />
<br />
===AN/APX-76 IFF Interrogator===<br />
The AN/APX-76 IFF (Identification Friend or Foe) interrogator is integrated into the AN/AWG-9 operation. Then interrogator antenna itself is located on the AN/AWG-9 antenna gimbal platform. An IFF system works by sending out an interrogation pulse and then listening for returns from cooperating transponders. In addition to the unencrypted civilian mode the AN/APX-76 is capable of interrogating in the encrypted military mode 4. This ensures that targets replying to mode 4 interrogations are indeed friendly. The AN/APX-76 can be used both in search radar modes and in STT radar modes. To enable interrogation the IFF switch is depressed on the Detail Data Display Panel which then activates the interrogator for as long as the button is held up to 10 seconds max.<br />
<br />
When enabled IFF received IFF returns are then overlaid on the normal AN/AWG-9 radar returns on the DDD. A friendly target will be indicated with two bars, one above and one below the normal radar return. As the AN/APX-76 is a separate radar, secondary mode, radar apart from the AWG-9 the IFF can sometimes also detect targets not detected by the AWG-9. In this case the IFF return will not have a radar echo inside it. In the search mode this is overlaid over each target replying and in STT over the STT target. Additionally, if the STT target is hooked on the TID the DDD will switch from normal range display to a ±10 NM display to enable display of multiple returns in case of closely grouped targets.<br />
<br />
==HAFU/Datalink==<br />
[[File:HAFU.png|right|80px]]<br />
Hostile, Ambiguous, Friendly or Unknown (HAFU) is a symbology system used by the F/A-18 to represent trackfiles; specifically, to show its status as a friendly or hostile. It is usually what trackfiles are displayed as across the software.<br />
<br />
There are four HAFU symbols:<br />
*'''Triangle:''' Hostile (red when colored)<br />
*'''Thick Staple:''' Ambiguous (yellow when colored)<br />
*'''Half-Circle:''' Friendly (green when colored)<br />
*'''Thin Staple:''' Unknown (yellow when colored)<br />
<br />
<br />
All types except ambiguous can be manually assigned via the [[#SA Format|Situational Awareness]] format. Tracks will also be automatically identified as explained below.<br />
<br />
A hostile HAFU will be assigned whenever:<br />
* A negative IFF response is returned, and<br />
** An NCTR print returns with an aircraft type that is on the hostile coalition; or<br />
** A SURV (surveillance, like an AWACS) source over datalink also marks it hostile; or<br />
** A F/F (fighter-fighter, like another F/A-18) source over datalink also marks it hostile.<br />
<br />
<br />
An ambiguous HAFU will be assigned when the aircraft and a donor have conflicting identifications (friendly and hostile).<br />
<br />
A friendly HAFU will be assigned whenever an IFF interrogation returns as friendly or the track itself is contributed to by the Precise Participant Location and Identification (PPLI) system.<br />
<br />
An unknown HAFU will be assigned by default until it is updated by meeting one of the requirements above.<br />
<br />
=Air-to-Air Weapons=<br />
----<br />
This area will cover over all the different air-to-air weapons brought with the F-14B Tomcat.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Air Gun==<br />
[[File:f14 gun aa.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
''Using Real-Time mode.''<br />
<br />
The F-14 Tomcat is outfitted with the M61A1 Vulcan 6-barreled Gatling cannon, being able to hold up a maximum of 675 rounds internally.<br />
<br />
===Gun Rates===<br />
The cannon offers 2 modes of combat in the F-14B: <br />
<br />
* '''LOW:''' mode which slows down the muzzle rate, used for Air-to-Ground.<br />
* '''HIGH:''' mode which is to be used for Basic Fighter Maneuvering. (BFM)<br />
<br />
===Gun Modes===<br />
The cannon for Air-to-Air mode is able to be placed into 2 following positions:<br />
<br />
* '''Manual:''' this mode is able to be selected by depressing the CAGE/SEAM button, which will then only display the pipper and ammo count.<br />
* '''Real-Time:''' this mode is the regular, default mode. Along with a radar lock, the pipper will calculate to be accurate when directed to the diamond contact box. This will also give a closure rate towards the contact and the range relative to the aircraft.<br />
<br />
===Symbology===<br />
<br />
The symbology for the cannon is displayed on the HUD with the weapon master selector in the GUN position, and display in A/A. By default, the gun rounds indicator will be displayed as 0 for rounds per 100. Located next to the display panel to the right is the gun ammo counter. Additionally, the gunsight elevation is also able to be adjusted underneath the steer commands on the display panel.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Air Missiles==<br />
===Missile Preparation===<br />
Missile preparation in the F-14B Tomcat is started by moving the master arm switch on the ACM panel underneath the HUD to ON. This is then followed by pressing the MSL PREP and SW COOL buttons to be ON, depending on the armament type.<br />
<br />
===AIM-54 Phoenix===<br />
The AIM-54 is a long-range, semi-active radar missile for Air-to-Air use. The F-14 was the only aircraft to carry it in service and was used to take down Soviet bombers. However, it is able to be used on fighters as well. The AIM-54 comes with a proximity fuse and missile gate suite for non-direct contact explosions and radar tracking methods. <br />
<br />
Upon the launch of the missile, active input from the AN/AWG-9 radar is used to guide itself towards the contact. When reaching pitbull range (~20 nmi.) the missile will then use the radar in itself and steer until impact. <br />
<br />
The time until impact will be calculated during the whole flight of the missile after the launch sequence on the TID as a seconds counter next to the contact.<br />
<br />
====Missile Variants====<br />
The AIM-54 for the F-14 in DCS is not only just 1 variant but 2 provided for the aircraft:<br />
<br />
* '''AIM-54A Mk.60:''' The A variant Mk.60 is a specific version of the AIM-54 Phoenix which utilizes burn time and speed over agility and smoke. The Mk.60 is able to be fired from at most ~100 nmi. under optimal conditions, factoring altitude, kinetic airspeed, contact airspeed, and altitude. The recommended firing distance of the variant, however, is ~45 nmi.<br />
* '''AIM-54C Mk.47:''' The C variant Mk.47 is a later upgrade to the missile that utilizes agility and smoke over burn time and speed. While the C variant provides a no-smoke solution, it lacks the favoring of speed and distance. Under optimal conditions similar to the A, this missile variant is best at ~60 nmi. The recommended distance to contact for firing is ~30 nmi.<br />
<br />
====Launch Modes====<br />
The main seeker in the AIM-54 is able to be fired through 3 launch modes in according:<br />
<br />
# '''Semi-active Radar Homing (SARH):''' In the first stage of the AIM-54 engagement, the missile is guided semi-actively by the AN/AWG-9 radar using both guidance commands transmitted via the radar and radar energy reflected off the target. Then when the missile is within range of its seeker’s ARH mode the AN/AWG-9 commands the missile to switch to ARH. In pulse doppler STT the AIM-54 uses SARH all the way to the target receiving guidance commands at a greater rate than in TWS and also continuous spotlighting of the target because of the STT mode being used. This increases the effective range of the AIM-54 seeker slightly.<br />
# '''Active Radar Homing (ARH):''' This tells the WCS to immediately command the AIM-54 to go active in the first guidance command after launch. If launched at a target within 6 NM if in the targets rear hemisphere or 10 NM miles if in its forward hemisphere the WCS will also automatically command this mode instead of a SARH mode. If the target is not detected actively by the seeker it will still fall back to SARH until the seeker can acquire on its own like in the two SARH modes.<br />
# '''ACM Active:''' The missile is commanded active before launch making this the only mode where the missile is truly fire and forget. The AIM-54 missile receives the active message before launching from the WCS in addition to a command prepositioning the seeker-head to have it look at the current WCS track if available.<br />
<br />
<br />
Additionally, the AIM-54 has an unofficial method of launching the missile:<br />
<br />
* '''Mad-dogging:''' A method that uses the aircraft relative to their contact altitude and airspeed and firing the AIM-54 in the direction, which will force it to become semi-active within the pitbull range.<br />
<br />
====HUD Symbology====<br />
[[File:f14 aim54 hud.png|thumb|400px]]<br />
The pilot will receive standard symbology of the AIM-54 missile selected when the display is in A/A mode. Similar to the GUNS format, displayed on the HUD will be the weapon type denoted in 2 letters, and the number of missiles. Additionally, any more advanced symbology will occur by lock, which is required at first to fire the missile without "mad-dogging."<br />
<br />
====VDI Symbology====<br />
[[File:f14 aim54 vdi.png|thumb|400px]]<br />
The pilot will also receive additional symbology on the VDI whenever a radar lock occurs with the AIM-54 selected.<br />
<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
===AIM-7 Sparrow===<br />
The AIM-7 Sparrow is an active-radar guided missile for Air-to-Air employment. This missile requires an active radar lock to a contact in order to guide itself for impact. The benefit of this missile is that it is able to lose trackoing guidance if the aircraft breaks the lock on a friendly contact, as well as being able to be used in a mixed scenario.<br />
<br />
The maximum range of the Sparrow under optimal conditions as the Phoenix is ~25 nmi. The recommended distance, however, is roughly ~10 nmi.<br />
<br />
===AIM-9 Sidewinder===<br />
The AIM-9 Sidewinder is an IR-guided missile that self tracks based off of thermal energy (heat) of an aircraft. This missile should be used for close quarters range, where agility and speed are a high priority. The benefit of this missile is how quickly it can turn onto a contact. However, a con to this can be "sun-aiming," where the missile follows a contact that flies directly to the sun and immediately flanks out of the sensor sight of the Sidewinder.<br />
<br />
The maximum range on this missile is ~10 nmi., but recommended range is within ~5 nmi. under optimal conditions.<br />
<br />
=Air-to-Ground Weapons=<br />
----<br />
The F-14B Tomcat comes with a variety of air-to-ground weapons after the upgrade to the Bombcat.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Ground Gun==<br />
The symbology of the Air-to-Ground Gun is similar to of the Air-to-Air mode. The weapon will instead keep a diamond inside with the cross until passing the horizon threshold. All happens with the Gun selected and the HUD steering command in A/G mode.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Ground Bombs==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat is able to carry numerous types of munitions that act as bombs, whether dumb or laser-guided.<br />
<br />
===Mk-20/81/82/83/84 GPB===<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
===GBU-12/14/16 LGB===<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
===BDU-33 Training Bomb===<br />
The BDU-33 is a training bomb that emits smoke upon impact on a hard surface. This is generally used in training for Air-to-Ground in the Tomcat, and among other aircraft.<br />
<br />
===ADM-141 TALD===<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Ground Rockets==<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
=Resources=<br />
----<br />
==Contributors==<br />
* Jak: An early contributor who wrote information on what the aircraft was and helping serve filler content.<br />
* Nullspec: Contributor towards the F/A-18C Hornet on implemented/non-implemented for the formatting.<br />
<br />
==Manuals & Documents==<br />
* [https://info.publicintelligence.net/F14AAP-1B.pdf F-14B NATOPS Pocket Checklist]<br />
* [http://www.heatblur.se/F-14Manual/ Heatblur F-14 Manual]<br />
* [https://www.mudspike.com/chucks-guides-dcs-f-14b-tomcat/ Chuck's F-14 Guide]<br />
<br />
==Heatblur's Videos==<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q1o7E9pb95Y Episode 1: Overview]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OO3IdQjAdDA Episode 2: Pilot's Cockpit Walkaround]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ws1GxPG2ZXw Episode 3: Cold And Dark (Full Startup)]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kgpGO7fj4oU Episode 4: The RIO's Office]<br />
<br />
==Jabbers' Tutorial Videos==<br />
(They're good!)<br />
<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2qwlJs__iYk Pilot - Startup/Taxi/Takeoff with JESTER AI]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b5opjCygZug Pilot - Maneuvering and Flight Characteristics]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f4y2oZ-7rM8 Pilot - Air-to-Air Refueling]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ujk4hL_EnUc Pilot - ACM - Radar Acquisition Modes]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wftck0C3fJ8 Pilot - Weapons - Zuni Rockets with JESTER AI]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4m-Q02gxFEA Pilot - Weapons - AIM-9 Sidewinder]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SWeHtpJ00JI RIO - Startup]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r4-Dd4ss2Rc RIO - AWG-9 Radar]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YG7sWweg2RQ RIO - IFF Interrogation]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2q-bHFyTEr8 Overview - AIM-54C Mk.47 Phoenix - Tacview Debrief]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PyAQpqVhtBY Overview - AIM-54A Mk.60 Phoenix - Tacview Debrief]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4groy-_Bxfk Quick Tips - AIM-54 Phoenix]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Is3AtOX-abw Quick Tips - Bombing]<br />
<br />
==RedKite's Tutorial Videos==<br />
(More in-depth on particular systems, referenced throughout the guide.)<br />
<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R9-8UCj66Ds Pilot/RIO - LANTIRN & LGB Bombs]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k5femxA_lis Pilot/RIO - ICLS & ACLS]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YqQz9YrEi6A Pilot/RIO - INS Fix]</div>Siriushttps://wiki.hoggitworld.com/index.php?title=F-14A/B&diff=10681F-14A/B2019-10-02T12:22:57Z<p>Sirius: </p>
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<br />
<div class="alert alert-info" role="alert"><br />
'''NOTE:''' This guide is currently under a work-in-progress (WIP) state. If you have any information pertaining to the topics or feedback, please relay them over to Sirius#0002 on Discord, or in the Hoggit Discord #wiki-discussion channel. Thanks!<br />
<br />
This page is focused on the DCS World F-14A/B Tomcat module, which is still in Early Access. Some information may be missing.<br />
</div><br />
<br />
The Grumman '''F-14A/B''' Tomcat is a two-seat, twin-engine supersonic variable wing-sweep fighter aircraft. The F-14 was the first US fighter jet with twin tails and was the largest & heaviest US fighter to ever fly from an aircraft carrier. The reason that the F-14 was so incredibly large and heavy was that it carried the large AWG-9 radar and accompanying AIM-54 Phoenix (air-to-air) missiles: this very capable combination allowed the F-14 to make shots of up to 200 nautical miles at the bad guys. Also, being big means you can carry a lot of fuel!<br />
<br />
Of course, the practical range of the AWG-9 is rather more limited, especially if you are shooting at more maneuverable fighter-sized targets, but even at these closer ranges, the AIM-54 Phoenix is still a capable missile that should not be underestimated. The F-14 is also capable of carrying an array of air-to-ground weapons, such as dumb bombs in both high and low drag forms, air-to-ground Zuni rockets and even laser-guided bombs, which can be self-designated using the LANTIRN targeting pod on the F-14.<br />
<br />
Most people will recognize and adore the F-14 because of its stardom presence in that one weird volleyball movie from the '80s. Its on-screen presence in movies will make the F-14 to appear docile and easy to fly, but due to lack of a fly-by-wire the F-14 can be a real handful: it being a pilot's aircraft however makes it fun to fly and learn. The analogous nature of the F-14 (comparable to the F-5E II Tigershark) will give you a good knowledge of the airplane over time but requires a bit of a different mindset that the computerized flight of the F/A-18C and the F-15.<br />
<br />
__TOC__<br />
<br />
=Weapons List=<br />
----<br />
==Implemented==<br />
Partially or fully implemented weapons of the F14/A/B Tomcat:<br />
* M61 Vulcan Six-Barreled Gatling Gun<br />
* AIM-7M/F Sparrow<br />
* CAP/AIM-9M Sidewinder<br />
* AIM-54A Phoenix Mk. 60<br />
* AIM-54C Phoenix Mk. 47<br />
* Mk-81, 82, 83, and 84 <br />
* GBU-10, 12, 16, and 24 <br />
* MK-20 Rockeye<br />
* Zuni Rockets<br />
* BDU-33 Practice Bombs<br />
* ADM-141 TALD<br />
* LUU-2 Parachute Flare<br />
* Smokewinder<br />
* LANTIRN Pod<br />
* FPU-1 Fuel Tank<br />
<br />
==Planned==<br />
Weapons not yet implemented into the Tomcat:<br />
* TARPS Pod<br />
<br />
=Hands On Throttle And Stick (HOTAS)=<br />
----<br />
==Throttle==<br />
[[File:throttle.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The throttle of the F-14 Tomcat consists of 2 quadrants, both for the left and right engines. There is an afterburner detent along with a cutoff detent for maximum throttle and shutdown of the engine for each quadrant.<br />
<br />
The throttle has the following controls:<br />
# '''Speed Brake Switch:''' 2-position switch. "EXT" is a momentary and needed input position that extends the speed brake outward depending on the aircraft speed.<br />
# '''Wing Sweep Switch:''' 4-way hat switch. "AUTO" sets the wing to sweep automatically determined by an onboard computer, "BOMB" sets the wing to sweep in an angled position between fully extended and retracted and dependent on speed for the air-to-ground bombing.<br />
# '''PLM Button:''' multifunction button. When the steering command is in A2A mode, this acts as a pilot lock-on tool for the AWG-9 radar. But when used for landing and/or in the LDG steering command mode, this allows for disengagement of the ACLS.<br />
# '''CAGE/SEAM Button:''' multifunction button. When the steering command is in A2A mode, this allows for CAGE/SEAM lock-on of the AIM-9 Sidewinder. But when used for landing and/or in the LDG steering command mode, this allows for disengagement of the APC.<br />
# '''Exterior Light Switch:''' 2-position switch. Used to toggle the exterior lights of the aircraft.<br />
# '''ICS PTT Switch:''' 2-position switch. Acts as a push-to-talk system for the ICS system inside of the aircraft used between the Pilot and RIO. (or JESTER AI)<br />
<br />
==Control Stick==<br />
[[File:stick.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The control stick is located in the center of the cockpit, mounted onto the floor. Left and right movements of the control stick direct hydraulic movement to the spoilers and horizontal stabilizers of the aircraft. Forward and backward movement result to respectively the same but to the horizontal stabilizers.<br />
<br />
The control stick has the following controls:<br />
# '''Bomb Release Button:''' single-purpose button. When pressed in A2G steering command mode, all pylons selected with bombs will release respective of the ripple settings, type, and interval.<br />
# '''Trim Hat:''' 4-way hat switch. Upward movement moves the aircraft downward, and downward movement moves the aircraft upward. Both left and right movements follow to their directions according to their name.<br />
# '''Weapon Select Hat:''' 4-way hat switch. Bottom selection is OFF, and a ridge requires a momentary push action to move in/out of to GUN. Following all to the top are SW, then SP/PH which requires a momentary push action to switch between.<br />
# '''DLC & Maneuver Flap Command Wheel:''' scrollable dial. Moving it with the landing gears fully deployed acts as a variable control for spoiler extension. With the landing gears up, the dial also acts the same but for flaps and slats.<br />
# '''DLC Engage/Disengage & CMS Dispense Button:''' multifunction button. When pressed with the landing gears fully deployed, this controls the engagement and disengagement of the DLC system. But with the landing gears fully retracted, this allows for pilot control of the CMS system.<br />
# '''Autopilot Reference & NWS Button:''' multifunction button. When the aircraft is up in the air, this controls specific autopilot settings. But when the aircraft is on the ground, this controls the activation of the nosewheel steering system.<br />
# '''Autopilot Emergency Disengage Paddle:''' multifunction button. Disengages all autopilot modes and DLC and releases all autopilot switches and roll and pitch SAS switches to OFF position.<br />
# '''Weapon Firing Trigger:''' two-stage trigger switch. The first detent enables CTVS and gun camera. Second detent releases selected forwards firing the weapon.<br />
<br />
=Flight Controls & Landing Gear=<br />
----<br />
==Flight Controls==<br />
[[File:Wheels-flaps.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The F-14B has a large hydraulic system which covers for all of the control surfaces of the aircraft. Without the hydraulic system, or taking damage the controls are in risk of improperly working. The F-14 Tomcat was the last of its generation to have no integration of an FBW or FCS system, which was introduced with the F-15 Eagle.<br />
<br />
The F-14's primary flight controls are:<br />
* '''Left Spoilers (LES):''' A set of spoilers that lie within the left wing of the aircraft that help with aileron movement and control that react opposite of the intended direction.<br />
* '''Right Spoilers (RES):''' A set of spoilers that lie within the right wing of the aircraft that help with aileron movement and control that react opposite of the intended direction.<br />
* '''Tailerons (TAIL):''' Two horizontal stabilizers located on the rear end of the aircraft that control both pitch and aileron movement.<br />
* '''Leading Edge Flaps (LEF):''' Normal slats located on the leading (front) edge of the wings to add lift.<br />
* '''Trailing Edge Flaps (TEF):''' Normal flaps located on the trailing (back) edge of the wings to add lift.<br />
<br />
<br />
The control stick controls the stabilators, ailerons, and rudder and the rudder pedals control the rudder.<br />
<br />
===Flaps System===<br />
The aircraft's flap system provides more lift (and as a byproduct, drag). The flaps lever has two positions:<br />
* '''NONE:''' This applies no flap whatsoever to the wings of the aircraft.<br />
* '''FULL:''' This applies full movement of flaps to the wings of the aircraft.<br />
<br />
<br />
The flaps lever allows for variable movement, which gives the pilot the ability to control the amount of flap they wish for.<br />
<br />
===Speed Brake===<br />
The speed brake is a flap located on the end of the aircraft designed to provide drag to decelerate faster. It is activated via the speed brake switch on the throttle. The two positions are:<br />
* '''EXT:''' When the switch is moved aft, this extends the speed brake of the aircraft out depending on the airspeed.<br />
* '''RET:''' When the switch is moved forward, this retracts the speed brake.<br />
<br />
===Trim===<br />
The tailerons are capable of being trimmed to make roll and pitch corrections. This is accomplished with the trim hat on the controls stick. When the autopilot system is engaged, the onboard computer will attempt to make active trim movements in order to keep the aircraft within the specified attitude when set, along of the setting parameters. As speed is either gained or lost, the trim will actively move the stick as well along of the tailerons to adapt.<br />
<br />
===Wing Sweep===<br />
The wings of the aircraft are a variable-sweep design allowing for automatic or manual movements from pilot input on the right throttle quadrant. Similar to wing fold, the wings are able to be overswept from its maximum position through a master reset of the system in order to allow tighter space and closer parking on the carrier deck.<br />
<br />
==Landing Gear==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat has 3 retractable landing gears: the nose gear, the left gear, and the right gear. The gear is moved via the gear lever on the left side of the cockpit. In the up position, the gear will retract. In the down position, the gear will extend. The gear lever cannot be put up with weight on wheels. The gear will not retract with the launch bar extended.<br />
<br />
===Nosewheel Steering===<br />
The nose gear features nosewheel steering (NWS) controlled by the rudder pedals. With the weight off of the wheels, it is disengaged. It automatically engages upon there being the weight on wheels. NWS is disengaged manually via the button on the stick.<br />
<br />
===Launch Bar===<br />
On the front nosegear is a launch bar that attaches the airplane to a catapult from launches from an aircraft carrier. Its deployment is pilot-controlled, but it is connected to the catapult by the ground crew (DCS default binding is U).<br />
<br />
It is controlled via the launch bar switch on the left upper console. When the switch in the RETRACT position, the launch bar will retract, but physically cannot do so when connected to the catapult. The switch will move to the RETRACT position automatically when there is a weight off wheels. In the EXTEND position, the launch bar will extend if there is the weight on wheels.<br />
<br />
=Autopilot and Autothrottle=<br />
----<br />
The F-14 Tomcat has the ability to automate certain types of flight via its Automatic Flight Control System (AFCS) and Automatic Throttle Control (ATC). The AFCS, or simply the autopilot, control the flight surfaces and the ATC controls the throttles.<br />
<br />
==AFCS==<br />
[[File:afcs.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The Automatic Flight Control System (AFCS), or just the "autopilot", controls the aircraft's flight controls to automate maneuvering. It is interfaced on the autopilot panel via the A/P engage switch. On the autopilot panel, there are 7 modes able to be toggled:<br />
# '''Pitch Stabilizer Augmentation:''' 2-position switch. This switch controls the ability for the pitch to be augmented for dampening.<br />
# '''Roll Stabilizer Augmentation:''' 2-position switch. This switch controls the ability for the roll to be augmented for dampening.<br />
# '''Yaw Stabilizer Augmentation:''' 2-position switch. This switch controls the ability for the yaw to be augmented for dampening.<br />
# '''VEC/PCD/ACL Switch:''' 3-position switch. This switch controls the remote control modes of autopilot with the steering bars and ACLS.<br />
# '''ALT Switch:''' 2-position switch.' This switch controls the ability to maintain the current altitude when autopilot is engaged.<br />
# '''HDG/GT Switch:''' 3-position switch. This switch controls the ability to maintain the current heading when autopilot is engaged.<br />
# '''ENGAGE Switch:''' 2-position switch. This switch engages and disengages the autopilot.<br />
<br />
==ATC==<br />
The automatic throttle control (ATC), or just "autothrottle", controls the physical throttles and thereby automated thrust control. ATC is toggled via ATC engage/disengage switch next to the throttle. When the ATC is engaged, the physical means of the throttle quadrants will begin to move on their own. However, whenever the pilot makes any new movement to the throttle whatsoever, the ATC will disengage to allow pilot control over both of the engines. The ATC is primarily used for landing on a carrier along of the ACLS system.<br />
<br />
=Digital Systems Overview=<br />
----<br />
[[File:displays.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
==Pilot==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat comes with 2 digital display screens in the Pilot cockpit:<br />
* '''Vertical Display Indicator (VDI):''' a multifunction display that allows for the pilot to see their HUD in a form of a repeater, and the [[#Television Camera Set|TCS]].<br />
* '''Horizontal Situation Display Indicator (HSD):''' a multifunction display that allows for the pilot to see their virtual compass for navigation modes, and the [[#AWG-9 Pulse-Doppler Radar|AWG-9 Radar]] from the RIO TID as a repeater.<br />
<br />
===Heads Up Display===<br />
The head-up display (HUD) is a projected display at the front of the cockpit that serves as the primary flight instrument. It also provides various indications for weapon delivery; this section will cover the HUD's indications in NAV master mode. Master mode/weapon-specific indications on the HUD will be covered in the relevant section.<br />
<br />
====Reject Modes====<br />
Via the switches next to the TO button on the displays panel, you are able to "declutter" or remove information off of the HUD.<br />
<br />
==Radar Intercept Officer==<br />
The Radar Intercept Officer (RIO) comes with 3 digital display screens in the RIO cockpit:<br />
* '''Detail Data Display (DDD):''' a dual-purpose display that allows for the RIO to see contacts on the [[#AWG-9 Pulse-Doppler Radar|radar]], based on the range and radar mode.<br />
* '''Tactical Information Display (TID):''' a multi-purpose display that allows for the RIO to see their [[#AWG-9 Pulse-Doppler Radar|AWG-9]] situational awareness, [[#Television Camera Set|TCS]], [[#TARPS Pod|TARPS]] and [[#LANTIRN Targeting Pod|LANTIRN]] pods.<br />
* '''Horizontal Situation Display Indicator (HSD):''' a multi-purpose display as to the one in the pilot cockpit.<br />
<br />
==Master Modes==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat has 5 primarily modes for information displayed. The 5 master modes are:<br />
* '''TO:''' switch. Displays takeoff information on HUD and VDI for degrees.<br />
* '''CRUISE:''' single-purpose button. Displays in-air flight information on HUD and VDI for degrees.<br />
* '''A/A:''' single-purpose button. Displays air-to-air information on HUD and VDI for degrees; and weapon employment.<br />
* '''A/G:''' single-purpose button. Displays air-to-ground information on HUD and VDI for degrees; and weapon employment.<br />
* '''LDG:''' single-purpose button. Displays landing information on HUD and VDI for degrees.<br />
<br />
<br />
Additionally, the F-14 Tomcat has an Air Combat Maneuver (ACM) panel which controls all air-to-air and air-to-ground aspects for armament.<br />
<br />
=Navigation=<br />
----<br />
The F-14 Tomcat has an inertial navigation system (INS) that allows the pilot to navigate by internal gyros aligned. However, due to the fault of having no GPS assistance, these gyros slowly drift over time and cause misalignment for visual information.<br />
<br />
==HSD==<br />
[[File:Hsd.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The Horizontal Situation Display Indicator (HSD) is the primary interface with the airplane's navigation systems. The HSI can be accessed from the bottom display screen. The basic function of the HSI is a rotating compass with a looking-from-above perspective. The controls for this screen are:<br />
# '''BRT Control:''' dial. Controls the brightness of the HSD screen.<br />
# '''HDG Control:''' dial. Controls the heading reference in TACAN mode.<br />
# '''CRS Control:''' dial. Controls the course heading reference in MAN and TACAN modes.<br />
# '''Test Button:''' single-purpose button. Resets the HSD screen if overload protection activates.<br />
# '''BIT Indicator:''' light. Shows a white light if a failure produces in the HSD.<br />
<br />
=== Steering Commands ===<br />
The HSD comes with a set of 5 different steering commands, which each have their own purpose towards displaying certain information:<br />
* '''TACAN:''' single-purpose button. Displays information based off of a radio beacon with range and direction.<br />
* '''DEST:''' single-purpose button. Displays information off of a selected waypoint from the RIO with range and direction.<br />
* '''AWL/PCD:''' single-purpose button. Displays information off of an ICLS frequency with azimuth and elevation bars (on VDI and HUD)<br />
* '''VEC:''' single-purpose button. ? (needs more info.)<br />
* '''MAN:''' single-purpose button. Displays information off of an entered heading (HDG Control) with direction.<br />
<br />
==Waypoints==<br />
The F-14B comes with an onboard flight computer system that handles waypoint navigation during in-air flight. The navigation system in the F-14B Tomcat gives a variety of waypoint holders, along with information for a set home plate.<br />
<br />
===Pilot===<br />
For the F-14B pilot, the waypoint information is able to be accessed by the DEST steering command and by using the NAV HSD display mode.<br />
<br />
===Radar Intercept Officer===<br />
For the F-14B Radar Intercept Officer, (RIO) the waypoints must be manually assigned by the RIO through the Computer Address Panel (CAP) system under the TAC DATA category. Once done, the waypoint must be selected through the CAP and entered in with coordinates similar to how INS alignment procedures are done.<br />
<br />
==TACAN==<br />
Tactical Air Navigation (TACAN) is a military radio navigation system. A TACAN beacon allows for an aircraft to determine its bearing and range from it, and using this information can navigate. TACAN's may be ground-based or be broadcasted by an airplane. TACAN channels have two bands, X and Y, and range from 1-126. 2 TACAN channels may be set present in the aircraft by both the Pilot and RIO for simultaneous use.<br />
<br />
The TACAN setting knobs give a range of these options:<br />
*'''T/R:''' Transmit and receive. Gets bearing and range from the TACAN.<br />
*'''RCV:''' Receive. Gets bearing from the TACAN.<br />
*'''A/A:''' Air-to-air TACAN mode.<br />
*'''X:''' Tunes the selected frequency on the X band.<br />
*'''Y:''' Tunes the selected frequency on the Y band.<br />
<br />
==ICLS==<br />
For night and low visibility operations, aircraft carriers have an Instrument Carrier Landing System (ICLS) to allow for instrument approaches to the carrier. ICLS provides horizontal and vertical guidance. The F-14 is equipped with ICLS.<br />
<br />
To activate the airplane's ICLS antenna, an ICLS dial is present to the right of the warning lights advisory panel, with an ARA on/off switch, used to toggle power to the system.<br />
<br />
When ILS is selected on the HSI, two bars, one horizontal and one vertical, appear near the velocity vector on the HUD. These indicate a vertical and horizontal deviation from the optimal glideslope (3°) and course to the deck. When they are both aligned with the velocity vector (making a "+"), the aircraft is on course.<br />
<br />
==ACLS==<br />
For CAT III conditions and poor visibility, the F-14 is equipped with the Automatic Carrier Landing System (ACLS) to allow an automatic flight to the carrier via. a radio-guided input from a Landing Signal Officer. (LSO) The auto-throttle and autopilot systems must be engaged and present during the time of activation with this system, along with lights given to the left of the VDI display.<br />
<br />
Datalink is required between the aircraft and the carrier in order for ACLS to work. When the best position of the azimuth and glideslope bars are within parameters, the nosewheel steering button is pressed in order to engage guidance.<br />
<br />
==Navigation Failures==<br />
The F-14B has a variety of navigation failures that may/can occur, including methods to fix them.<br />
<br />
===Navigation Fix Update===<br />
An error of latitude or longitude in the computer position of the aircraft can be corrected by a navigation fix update. Updating is especially important in the backup modes (AHRS AM and IMU/ AM) because of the estimated winds and magnetic variation changes. A nav fix is done via a ground-reference-point (latitude and longitude) position. The range and bearing of this position to the present aircraft position are used to update or correct existing values. The nav system may be updated by either a radar fix, a TACAN fix, or a visual fix.<br />
<br />
Before performing a nav fix, the latitude and longitude of the desired update point (radar, TACAN, or visual) must be stored in one of eight navigation point locations (three WPs, FIX PT, HOME BASE, HOST AREA, DEF PT, and IP). This data can be stored prior to flight by data link or by manual insertion. Then follow these steps:<br />
<br />
# Hook the Waypoint you choose to select for the nav fix.<br />
# Check the stored latitude and longitude on the TID.<br />
# Rotate the CATEGORY switch to NAV and select the desired type of update.<br />
<br />
<br />
Note that updating the position while in INS, and to a lesser degree while in IMU, can introduce a greater navigational position error than already present, in particular, if radar fix is used to update the nav system. Updates with a visual or TACAN fix provide reasonable accuracy (assuming a good MAG VAR during TACAN updates). Updating your nav system via a nav fix should be primarily used in the AHRS mode.<br />
<br />
===Radar Fix Update===<br />
An RDR FIX may be selected before or after positioning the DDD cursors. If the RDR FIX button is depressed, the computer computes the present position of the aircraft by measuring the range and bearing from the selected point. The delta between the computer position and the position determined by the INS is then displayed on the TID. If the entry of this delta into the navigation computations is desired, press the FIX ENABLE button. If the delta does not appear to be correct, the computer and the readout can be cleared by pressing the RDR FIX button. The fix may then be attempted again. The RIO should also perform periodic checks of own aircraft system altitude and update the altitude if necessary.<br />
<br />
Radar updating is performed as follows:<br />
<br />
# TID CURSOR/CAP - Hook Desired Navigation Point for Update.<br />
# PULSE SRCH button - Depress.<br />
# On sensor control panel: STAB switch - IN. EL BARS switch - 1. AZ SCAN switch - As Desired.<br />
# RDR FIX button - Depress.<br />
# DDD CURSOR button - Depress.<br />
# Action switch - Half Action (first detent).<br />
# Cursor is displayed on DDD.<br />
# Manipulate hand control DDD cursor over desired ground map point.<br />
# Action switch - Full Action and Release. (This will cause the DDD cursor to remain at the selected position.<br />
# Observe the delta for LAT and LONG on TID.<br />
# If readouts are unsatisfactory, deselect RDR FIX and repeat steps 4 through 12.<br />
# FIX ENABLE button - Depress.<br />
<br />
===TACAN Update===<br />
To perform a nav fix by TACAN requires that a restored waypoint shares identical LAT and LONG values with the TACAN station that will be used for the fix. Select the TACAN channel for the desired station and verify by listening to the coded identifier tone in the headset.<br />
<br />
Press the TACAN FIX button to update the aircraft position from a TACAN station. The WCS computer then calculates the own aircraft position error based on the range and bearing from the TACAN station. The delta is then entered in the same manner as with a radar fix.<br />
<br />
Perform a TACAN fix following these steps:<br />
<br />
# Select a TACAN channel whose latitude and longitude correspond to an update point.<br />
# Hook desired update point (WAYPT 1, FIX PT, HOME BASE, etc.).<br />
# CATEGORY switch - NAV.<br />
# TACAN FIX button - Depress.<br />
# Observe present position delta readout.<br />
# If delta is unsatisfactory, deselect TACAN FIX and repeat steps 2 through 7.<br />
# FIX ENABLE button - Depress.<br />
<br />
===Visual Update===<br />
To perform a visual fix, fly over a restored waypoint and press the VIS FIX button. Estimate your timing, because the aircraft nose and fuselage can obscure the fixed point during an overflight. It is also difficult to estimate when directly overhead a waypoint if the aircraft altitude is greater than 10.000 feet. The delta for the visual fix is displayed on the TID. Enter the delta by pressing FIX ENABLE.<br />
<br />
To perform a visual fix use the following steps:<br />
<br />
# Hook desired update point (WAY PT, HB, IP, etc.).<br />
# Select NAV category on CAP.<br />
# Overfly the selected restored point and when over the point, depress the VIS FIX button on the cap.<br />
# If the delta is not satisfactory, press VIS FIX again to clear the delta and repeat from step 1.<br />
# If a satisfactory delta is displayed, depress the FIX ENABLE button; this causes the delta correction of own-aircraft position to be inserted into the computer.<br />
<br />
===Datalink Update===<br />
To perform a data link update of the aircraft INS to the TDS frame of reference, the aircraft and TDS must share a prebriefed waypoint, identical in latitude and longitude. Enter this LAT/LONG data into the HOST AREA pseudo target file. The TDS will uplink the common reference point as a data link waypoint. When the aircraft and TDS INS systems agree, the data link waypoint and host area symbols will be superimposed on the TID. If they drift apart, the two pseudo targets on the TID will drift as well.<br />
<br />
To perform an update via data link, use the following steps:<br />
<br />
# Hook data link waypoint corresponding prebriefed reference point.<br />
# Select NAV category on CAP.<br />
# Overfly the hooked data link waypoint. When immediately over the point, press VIS FIX button on CAP.<br />
# Observe delta LAT and LONG on TID.<br />
# If deltas are satisfactory and update is desired, depress FIX ENABLE.<br />
# After a data link update, HOST AREA and data link waypoint should be superimposed on the TID again.<br />
<br />
===Fighter-to-Fighter Navigation Update===<br />
Net aircraft that use fighter-to-fighter data link can update their navigation system in the FF/DL mode. To update LAT/LONG hook the net aircraft symbol of an aircraft that is in close proximity and select F/F NAV UPDATE on the CAP. This will enter the hooked aircraft’s coordinates into the INS as own-aircraft coordinates. To update the nav system on an aircraft that is not close, first obtain a radar STT on that aircraft, hook the STT-ed aircraft on the TID and then press F/F NAV UPDATE on the CAP.<br />
<br />
=Defensive Systems=<br />
----<br />
The F-14B is equipped with various defensive systems: the AN/ALE-39 Countermeasure Dispensing System (CMDS), for the release of chaff and flares, the AN/ALQ-126 Deception ECM (DECM), for jamming enemy radar, and the AN/ALR-67 Radar Warning Reciever (RWR), for detection of enemy radar emitters and missile launches.<br />
<br />
==AN/ALR-67 RWR==<br />
[[File:alr-67.png|thumb|400px]]<br />
The AN/ALR-67 Radar Warning Receiver (RWR) provides the Hornet the ability to detect radars via the radio/microwave radiation they emit.<br />
<br />
===Audio Tones===<br />
Accompanying the RWR are various audio feedback tones:<br />
*'''Single Beep:''' A new ground- or sea-based emitter has been detected.<br />
*'''Double Beep:''' A new airborne emitter has been detected.<br />
*'''Repeating Beep:''' An emitter is tracking.<br />
*'''Faster Repeating Beep:''' An emitter is guiding a missile or is a missile.<br />
<br />
<br />
On the RWR gauge, the RWR knob will control the volume of the RWR tones.<br />
<br />
===Emitter Identifiers===<br />
''This list is, at present, not complete.''<br />
{|class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"<br />
!Type<br />
!RWR ID<br />
|-<br />
|U<br />
|Unknown<br />
|-<br />
|M<br />
|Active radar-homing missile<br />
|-<br />
|S<br />
|Search radar<br />
|-<br />
|3<br />
|SA-3 "Goa"<br />
|-<br />
|6<br />
|SA-6 "Gainful"<br />
|-<br />
|8<br />
|SA-8 "Gecko"<br />
|-<br />
|10<br />
|SA-10 "Grumble"<br />
|-<br />
|11<br />
|SA-11 "Gadfly"<br />
|-<br />
|11<br />
|F-111 Aardvark<br />
|-<br />
|12<br />
|SA-12 "Gladiator"<br />
|-<br />
|13<br />
|SA-13 "Gopher"<br />
|-<br />
|13<br />
|C-130 Hercules<br />
|-<br />
|14<br />
|F-14 Tomcat<br />
|-<br />
|15<br />
|F-15 Eagle<br />
|-<br />
|15 <br />
|SA-15 "Gauntlet"<br />
|-<br />
|16<br />
|F-16 Fighting Falcon<br />
|-<br />
|17<br />
|C-17 Globemaster III<br />
|-<br />
|18<br />
|F/A-18 Hornet<br />
|-<br />
|22<br />
|Tu-22 "Blinder"<br />
|-<br />
|23<br />
|MiG-23 "Flogger"<br />
|-<br />
|24<br />
|Su-24 "Fencer"<br />
|-<br />
|25<br />
|MiG-25 "Foxbat"<br />
|-<br />
|29<br />
|MiG-29 "Fulcrum"<br />
|-<br />
|29<br />
|Su-27 "Flanker"<br />
|-<br />
|29<br />
|Su-33 "Flanker-D"<br />
|-<br />
|30<br />
|Su-30 "Flanker-C"<br />
|-<br />
|31<br />
|MiG-31 "Foxhound"<br />
|-<br />
|34<br />
|Su-34 "Fullback"<br />
|-<br />
|39<br />
|Su-25M "Frogfoot"<br />
|-<br />
|40<br />
|''Spruance''-class destroyer<br />
|-<br />
|48<br />
|''Nimitz''-class carrier<br />
|-<br />
|49<br />
|''Oliver Hazard Perry''-class frigate<br />
|-<br />
|50<br />
|A-50 "Mainstay"<br />
|-<br />
|52<br />
|B-52 Stratofortress<br />
|-<br />
|76<br />
|IL-76 "Candid"<br />
|-<br />
|78<br />
|IL-78 "Midas"<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==AN/ALE-39 CMDS==<br />
[[File:f14 cms.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The AN/ALE-39 is the countermeasures dispensing set installed in the F-14B in this simulation. It controls its own set of launchers located between the engine nozzles on the underside of the so-called beaver-tail. The launchers each have two sections, one containing 10 cartridges and the other 20. They are referred to the left and right dispensers even though the left is really the front one and the right the back one with both being mounted inline on the left side of the tailhook. This is a remnant from the earliest model F-14s carrying the AN/ALE-29.<br />
<br />
This all sums up to a capacity of 60 cartridges in the system with each section necessarily holding one type of cartridges meaning that any combination of cartridges is possible as long as each type’s quantity is a multiple of 10. The system itself has no real knowledge of what is loaded where so incorrectly programming the system can lead to the wrong type of cartridge being ejected.<br />
<br />
===Cockpit Controls===<br />
The system itself can be operated manually from the control panel in the RIO pit or the DLC thumbwheel on the pilot stick when the flaps lever is in the up position. It is also capable of running programmed sequences of ejection which in turn can be initiated manually by the RIO from the control panel or the direction hats mounted on the handhold over the DDD. In addition, the AN/ALR-67 can also initiate the chaff ejection program if set up correctly on the AN/ALE-39 control panel.<br />
<br />
==AN/ALQ-126 DECM==<br />
The AN/ALQ-126 deception jammer is designed to detect radar threats, analyze them, select the optimum countermeasure technique available and apply it. Available techniques for jamming are amongst others, main lobe blanking, inverse con-scan, range-gate pull-off and swept square modes. In DCS this is modeled as a simple noise jammer due to engine limitations but controlled by the DECM logic as to when it’s on or off.<br />
<br />
===Cockpit Controls===<br />
The controls for the AN/ALQ-126 DECM are all located on the right horizontal panel in the RIO pit, the panel as the image above. In addition, there are two indication lights co-located with the RWR threat indicators on the right side of the TID. The mode selector knob controls power and operational mode that the system is in. The modes for the DECM are as follows:<br />
<br />
* '''OFF:''' turns off power to the system. STBY begins pre-warming of the system, taking in all-around 5 minutes.<br />
* '''TEST HOLD 3 SEC:''' is used to prepare the system for BIT, after 3 seconds in this mode, turn the knob to TEST - ACT.<br />
* '''TEST ACT:''' starts the BIT in the system. The BIT takes approximately 30 seconds and the RCV light will be illuminated the whole time while the XMIT light will flash twice. If the STANDBY light illuminates it indicates that a no-go condition exists in the system.<br />
* '''REC:''' enables the system to receive the only mode, enabling analyzation of threats and also the threat audio.<br />
* '''RPT:''' enables full system functionality, in addition to REC it also now tries to jam threats according to the selected method.<br />
<br />
=Television Camera Set=<br />
----<br />
[[File:tcs_symbology.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The F-14B is outfitted with the ALQ-100 Television Camera Set (TCS) pod, used for visually identifying aircraft during the time of which IFF was not a trusted/more inferior method to confirming hostile aircraft and to keep track of their position, as well as their living status.<br />
<br />
==Symbology==<br />
On the TID, in non-TV mode, a TCS track is indicated by a 1.5” strobe at TCS LOS azimuth with a hollow circle at the end.<br />
<br />
The symbology on the video feed from the TCS has indicators for the FOV and two crosshairs indicating TCS LOS relative own aircraft, GACH, and AN/AWG-9 radar LOS relative TCS LOS, RACH. Additionally, the track window is indicated by 4 small squares representing each corner of that window.<br />
<br />
The gimbal angle crosshairs or GACH, which is a solid cross, indicate deflection of the TCS LOS from the aircraft datum line, ADL. GACH crosshair in the center indicates TCS LOS along ADL and deflection towards the edges indicate deflection towards the gimbal limits with the video edges being maximum deflection.<br />
<br />
RACH or radar angle crosshairs, a dashed crosshair, indicate radar antenna LOS when inside the current TCS FOV. When the sensors slave to one another RACH and GACH will coincide creating a single solid crosshair.<br />
<br />
The track window indicates the area that the TCS contrast tracker is currently locked on to if it has acquired a target. When not in an active track these squares collapse into the center of the display being 2% of the screen width when in manual mode and 5% when in an auto mode.<br />
<br />
=LANTIRN Targeting Pod=<br />
----<br />
[[File:flir.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The F-14B can carry the AN/AAQ-14 Low Altitude Navigation and Targeting Infrared For Night (LANTIRN) targeting pod. This pod consists of a Forward-Looking Infrared (FLIR) camera (which also includes a digital charged coupled device camera) for target locating and observing, a Laser Target Designator/Ranger for firing a laser that both designates targets for laser-homing weapons and gathers ranging information for designating whatever the FLIR is pointed at as an air-to-ground, and a Laser Spot Tracker (LST) which can search for and track a laser, allowing for the FLIR to be cued onto an offboard (ground or air-designated) laser from another unit and then designate a Target off said point; this allows for most effective buddy-lasing. The targeting pod can be used in both air-to-ground and air-to-air functions, but the LTD/R and LST are only used for A/G operation.<br />
<br />
==Symbology==<br />
The following areas on the LANTIRN are to represent:<br />
# '''A/C Position Data:''' Displays aircraft LAT/LON, altitude, and groundspeed information.<br />
# '''LANTIRN Polarity:''' Displays white or hot background. AGC is for automatic gain control, MGC is for manual gain control.<br />
# '''LANTIRN Information:''' Gives general information on the pod. SR is for slant range, AZ/EL for azimuth/elevation of sight, and rest is UTC time.<br />
# '''LANTIRN Track Mode:''' Displays the current tracking mode. A/A is for air-to-air, A/G is for air-to-ground. Right side is for current selected weapon.<br />
# '''Track Data:''' Displays information of LAT/LON and altitude of where the sight is at.<br />
# '''Track:''' Displays the hairs for point and area track, and what the sight is directly pointed at.<br />
# '''Launch Envelopes:''' The top tape is for the heading relative of the aircraft to the track. The right side tape is for the release point.<br />
<br />
=TARPS Pod=<br />
----<br />
Not yet implemented.<br />
<br />
=Air-to-Air Radar=<br />
----<br />
==Detail Data Display==<br />
[[File:f14 ddd.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
Among the 3 digital displays, the Detail Data Display gives the RIO information about contacts from the AWG-9 radar in terms of range and radar mode, with respect to the notch filter.<br />
<br />
===Notch Filter===<br />
The AWG-9 radar in the F-14B Tomcat has a notch filter when using the pulse-doppler radar modes under certain conditions. These conditions include, but are not limited to:<br />
<br />
* ~100 knot difference of the aircraft relative to contact<br />
* Contact flying 90 degrees perpendicular CW/CCW to aircraft<br />
* Masking with ground terrain scan return<br />
<br />
<br />
There is a rough line shown in the radar modes, likewise of the jamming lobe, for when considering the notch filter that the contact will disappear from.<br />
<br />
==Tactical Information Display==<br />
[[File:f14 tid.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The Tactical Information Display (TID) gives the RIO of the F-14B the main information on the AWG-9 radar, including situational awareness, range, altitude, and contact heading.<br />
<br />
===Display Modes===<br />
The TID comes with a total of 8 display modes available, that can be toggled either on or off for purposes of gathering more information or decluttering:<br />
<br />
* '''RID DISABLE:''' ? needs more info. Not yet implemented.<br />
* '''ALT NUM:''' Displays the altitude of contact with a singular digit rounded to the nearest thousand.<br />
* '''SYM ELEM:''' Displays the symbology of contacts corresponding to HAFU.<br />
* '''DATA LINK:''' Displays contacts from the datalink frequency.<br />
* '''JAM STROBE:''' Displays the jamming strobes. Not yet implemented.<br />
* '''NON-ATTK:''' Displays determined (manual IFF or datalink) HAFU of friendly contacts.<br />
* '''VEL VECTOR:''' Displays the velocity vectors of contacts.<br />
* '''LAUNCH ZONE:''' Displays contact approximate missile launch zones.<br />
<br />
==AN/AWG-9 Radar==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat is equipped with the AN/AWG-9 all-weather and pulse-doppler radar. It is a very long-range radar used for the main purpose of intercept.<br />
<br />
===Radar Modes===<br />
The AWG-9 in the F-14B comes with 2 types of radar modes: doppler and pulse-doppler search. Of those two, subsets are able to be observed as 5 in this list:<br />
<br />
* '''PD SRCH:''' Pulse-Doppler Search mode. No bias factor of the radar, but impedes to pulse-doppler methods.<br />
* '''PD STT:''' Pulse-Doppler Single Target Track mode. By default upon acquiring a lock with the AWG-9, the radar will move to this function mode. It is currently suspectable to the notch filter.<br />
* '''RWS:''' Range While Search mode. The radar will prioritize the range of targets but not other factors. Falls under pulse-doppler.<br />
* '''TWS MAN:''' Track While Scan - Manual mode. The radar will prioritize the situational awareness of other targets but not give information on every target. The radar will also prioritize targets by threat importance.<br />
* '''TWS AUTO:''' Track While Scan - Auto mode. The radar will perform the same as TWS Man, but the elevation and azimuth controls will be automated in the process for an optimal scan.<br />
* '''PULSE SRCH:''' Pulse Search mode. No bias factor of the radar and can not be impeded to the notch filter, unlike the pulse-doppler method. The radar will, however, output a return of everything that is scanned and requires tuning.<br />
* '''PULSE STT:''' Pulse Single Target Track mode. Performing similarly to Pulse Search mode, this function mode applies to only a single target and is not suspectable to the notch filter.<br />
<br />
====Pulse-Doppler Search Mode====<br />
[[File:f14 pulsedoppler.png|thumb|350px]]<br />
The pulse-doppler search mode is used mainly as a kind of early warning mode. It is the search mode with the greatest detection range but it can display no range to the RIO, only closure rate. For this reason, the TID can display no track information.<br />
<br />
====Pulse-Doppler STT Mode====<br />
[[File:f14 pdstt.png|thumb|350px]]<br />
The pulse-doppler STT works and looks much like the pulse STT mode. It does, however, have the same advantages and disadvantages compared to pulse STT as the other pulse-doppler modes compared to the pulse modes. This means that while much better at tracking a target close to the ground it is however vulnerable to notching.<br />
<br />
The DDD display for pulse-doppler STT looks like pulse STT display except that the target return and antenna azimuth display are moved to the left side of the screen and a generated synthetic target marker is displayed at the correct azimuth instead. This is so that the targets range can be displayed by the synthetic target, unlike the other pulse-doppler modes which only shows closure rate. The other symbology on the DDD in this mode are the same as in pulse STT.<br />
<br />
====Range While Search Mode====<br />
In range while search, a frequency measuring ranging mode is added (FM ranging) to allow the radar to measure the range of tracked targets in addition to closure rate. This additional processing does, however, mean that the effective range of the radar is somewhat lesser. The display on the DDD is the same as in pulse-doppler search, the TID however also shows tracks in this mode showing the targets as tracks momentarily as they’re scanned and displaying their position and altitude. <br />
<br />
The targets are shown for a maximum of two seconds or until the antenna again scans the same bar at the same azimuth at which time it is removed unless detected again. The maximum number of concurrently shown tracks are 48.<br />
<br />
====TWS Manual Mode====<br />
The track, while scan mode uses the same FM ranging as RWS with the same reduction in range compared to pulse-doppler search and the DDD display, is also the same. The main difference that the computer establishes track files and tracks up to 24 targets concurrently of which 18 can be shown on the TID at any given time.<br />
<br />
As the computer routine calculating these tracks need a set track refresh time of 2 seconds this limits available azimuth scan area and bar settings to either 20° 4 bars or 40° 2 bars. When entering TWS the computer automatically selects the ±20° 4 bar scan disregarding the RIO set scan volumes unless those are set to ±40° 2 bars in which case that is used instead.<br />
<br />
The TWS mode is also the only mode enabling guidance of the AIM-54 at multiple targets (up to six), and as soon as engageable targets are detected the computer starts assigning them a missile priority number according to optimal missile firing sequence.<br />
<br />
====TWS Auto Mode====<br />
Performing similarly to TWS Man mode, what differs between the two is that in TWS auto the computer takes control of used scan volume and scan pattern azimuth and elevation as soon as target tracks are present. The WCS computer automatically tries to optimize the scan volume and direction so that tracking of the prioritized targets is maximized. If not selected before launch the WCS overrides as soon as the first AIM-54 is launched and selects TWS Auto.<br />
<br />
====Pulse Search Mode====<br />
[[File:f14 pulse.png|thumb|350px]]<br />
Pulse search is used to search for and find airborne targets at range. It is possible to use this radar mode as a basic ground mapper as well which can be useful for navigation and navigational fixes and can also be used in a pinch to detect larger surface targets like ships. Keep in mind though that the radar is not built with this as its main function and that a real air-to-ground radar will outperform it handily.<br />
<br />
In this mode, the radar cannot by itself differentiate targets and generate tracks meaning that the WCS will not generate track files and display anything on the TID. This also means that pulse search is not capable of guiding missiles.<br />
<br />
====Pulse STT Mode====<br />
[[File:f14 pstt.png|thumb|350px]]<br />
Pulse STT is used to track a single target, like pulse search mode it is not susceptible to notching but it is to ground clutter. The fact that the STT modes use gates to track the target, in this case, range gates, means that it is less susceptible to ground clutter but a target close enough to the ground that the ground return enters the range gates would be likely to shake the lock.<br />
<br />
As it is only in the pulse-doppler modes that the missile guidance commands can be sent pulse STT is limited to launching AIM-7s in CW mode and AIM-54s in an active launch mode limiting their ranges. At short ranges, ACM ranges, it is possible to use the ASPECT switch to set what aspect of the target to track, this is just to counter different types of countermeasures. As an example, if set to NOSE the radar will be less susceptible to chaff as the radar weights its track towards the targets leading-edge (nose) away from the chaff being launched behind the target.<br />
<br />
A successful track is indicated by the ANT TRK and RDROT indicator lights on the DDD, meaning that the antenna is tracking the target and that the target is within the range gates. If the target is jamming with sufficient strength, negating a range track, the radar will transition to a jam angle track instead, indicated by the JAT indicator light on the DDD illuminating instead of the RDROT. When range tracking is again possible at closer ranges the radar will transition to that instead.<br />
<br />
The DDD in this mode will be similar to the pulse search mode but the antenna will be locked onto the target and not scan. Additionally, the DDD will show the range gates around the target, a closing rate symbol at the right scale and applicable attack symbology if a valid missile is selected.<br />
<br />
===Anti-Jamming Modes===<br />
Not yet implemented.<br />
<br />
===AN/APX-76 IFF Interrogator===<br />
The AN/APX-76 IFF (Identification Friend or Foe) interrogator is integrated into the AN/AWG-9 operation. Then interrogator antenna itself is located on the AN/AWG-9 antenna gimbal platform. An IFF system works by sending out an interrogation pulse and then listening for returns from cooperating transponders. In addition to the unencrypted civilian mode the AN/APX-76 is capable of interrogating in the encrypted military mode 4. This ensures that targets replying to mode 4 interrogations are indeed friendly. The AN/APX-76 can be used both in search radar modes and in STT radar modes. To enable interrogation the IFF switch is depressed on the Detail Data Display Panel which then activates the interrogator for as long as the button is held up to 10 seconds max.<br />
<br />
When enabled IFF received IFF returns are then overlaid on the normal AN/AWG-9 radar returns on the DDD. A friendly target will be indicated with two bars, one above and one below the normal radar return. As the AN/APX-76 is a separate radar, secondary mode, radar apart from the AWG-9 the IFF can sometimes also detect targets not detected by the AWG-9. In this case the IFF return will not have a radar echo inside it. In the search mode this is overlaid over each target replying and in STT over the STT target. Additionally, if the STT target is hooked on the TID the DDD will switch from normal range display to a ±10 NM display to enable display of multiple returns in case of closely grouped targets.<br />
<br />
==HAFU/Datalink==<br />
[[File:HAFU.png|right|80px]]<br />
Hostile, Ambiguous, Friendly or Unknown (HAFU) is a symbology system used by the F/A-18 to represent trackfiles; specifically, to show its status as a friendly or hostile. It is usually what trackfiles are displayed as across the software.<br />
<br />
There are four HAFU symbols:<br />
*'''Triangle:''' Hostile (red when colored)<br />
*'''Thick Staple:''' Ambiguous (yellow when colored)<br />
*'''Half-Circle:''' Friendly (green when colored)<br />
*'''Thin Staple:''' Unknown (yellow when colored)<br />
<br />
<br />
All types except ambiguous can be manually assigned via the [[#SA Format|Situational Awareness]] format. Tracks will also be automatically identified as explained below.<br />
<br />
A hostile HAFU will be assigned whenever:<br />
* A negative IFF response is returned, and<br />
** An NCTR print returns with an aircraft type that is on the hostile coalition; or<br />
** A SURV (surveillance, like an AWACS) source over datalink also marks it hostile; or<br />
** A F/F (fighter-fighter, like another F/A-18) source over datalink also marks it hostile.<br />
<br />
<br />
An ambiguous HAFU will be assigned when the aircraft and a donor have conflicting identifications (friendly and hostile).<br />
<br />
A friendly HAFU will be assigned whenever an IFF interrogation returns as friendly or the track itself is contributed to by the Precise Participant Location and Identification (PPLI) system.<br />
<br />
An unknown HAFU will be assigned by default until it is updated by meeting one of the requirements above.<br />
<br />
=Air-to-Air Weapons=<br />
----<br />
This area will cover over all the different air-to-air weapons brought with the F-14B Tomcat.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Air Gun==<br />
[[File:f14 gun aa.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
''Using Real-Time mode.''<br />
<br />
The F-14 Tomcat is outfitted with the M61A1 Vulcan 6-barreled Gatling cannon, being able to hold up a maximum of 675 rounds internally.<br />
<br />
===Gun Rates===<br />
The cannon offers 2 modes of combat in the F-14B: <br />
<br />
* '''LOW:''' mode which slows down the muzzle rate, used for Air-to-Ground.<br />
* '''HIGH:''' mode which is to be used for Basic Fighter Maneuvering. (BFM)<br />
<br />
===Gun Modes===<br />
The cannon for Air-to-Air mode is able to be placed into 2 following positions:<br />
<br />
* '''Manual:''' this mode is able to be selected by depressing the CAGE/SEAM button, which will then only display the pipper and ammo count.<br />
* '''Real-Time:''' this mode is the regular, default mode. Along with a radar lock, the pipper will calculate to be accurate when directed to the diamond contact box. This will also give a closure rate towards the contact and the range relative to the aircraft.<br />
<br />
===Symbology===<br />
<br />
The symbology for the cannon is displayed on the HUD with the weapon master selector in the GUN position, and display in A/A. By default, the gun rounds indicator will be displayed as 0 for rounds per 100. Located next to the display panel to the right is the gun ammo counter. Additionally, the gunsight elevation is also able to be adjusted underneath the steer commands on the display panel.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Air Missiles==<br />
===Missile Preparation===<br />
Missile preparation in the F-14B Tomcat is started by moving the master arm switch on the ACM panel underneath the HUD to ON. This is then followed by pressing the MSL PREP and SW COOL buttons to be ON, depending on the armament type.<br />
<br />
===AIM-54 Phoenix===<br />
The AIM-54 is a long-range, semi-active radar missile for Air-to-Air use. The F-14 was the only aircraft to carry it in service and was used to take down Soviet bombers. However, it is able to be used on fighters as well. The AIM-54 comes with a proximity fuse and missile gate suite for non-direct contact explosions and radar tracking methods. <br />
<br />
Upon the launch of the missile, active input from the AN/AWG-9 radar is used to guide itself towards the contact. When reaching pitbull range (~20 nmi.) the missile will then use the radar in itself and steer until impact. <br />
<br />
The time until impact will be calculated during the whole flight of the missile after the launch sequence on the TID as a seconds counter next to the contact.<br />
<br />
====Missile Variants====<br />
The AIM-54 for the F-14 in DCS is not only just 1 variant but 2 provided for the aircraft:<br />
<br />
* '''AIM-54A Mk.60:''' The A variant Mk.60 is a specific version of the AIM-54 Phoenix which utilizes burn time and speed over agility and smoke. The Mk.60 is able to be fired from at most ~100 nmi. under optimal conditions, factoring altitude, kinetic airspeed, contact airspeed, and altitude. The recommended firing distance of the variant, however, is ~45 nmi.<br />
* '''AIM-54C Mk.47:''' The C variant Mk.47 is a later upgrade to the missile that utilizes agility and smoke over burn time and speed. While the C variant provides a no-smoke solution, it lacks the favoring of speed and distance. Under optimal conditions similar to the A, this missile variant is best at ~60 nmi. The recommended distance to contact for firing is ~30 nmi.<br />
<br />
====Launch Modes====<br />
The main seeker in the AIM-54 is able to be fired through 3 launch modes in according:<br />
<br />
# '''Semi-active Radar Homing (SARH):''' In the first stage of the AIM-54 engagement, the missile is guided semi-actively by the AN/AWG-9 radar using both guidance commands transmitted via the radar and radar energy reflected off the target. Then when the missile is within range of its seeker’s ARH mode the AN/AWG-9 commands the missile to switch to ARH. In pulse doppler STT the AIM-54 uses SARH all the way to the target receiving guidance commands at a greater rate than in TWS and also continuous spotlighting of the target because of the STT mode being used. This increases the effective range of the AIM-54 seeker slightly.<br />
# '''Active Radar Homing (ARH):''' This tells the WCS to immediately command the AIM-54 to go active in the first guidance command after launch. If launched at a target within 6 NM if in the targets rear hemisphere or 10 NM miles if in its forward hemisphere the WCS will also automatically command this mode instead of a SARH mode. If the target is not detected actively by the seeker it will still fall back to SARH until the seeker can acquire on its own like in the two SARH modes.<br />
# '''ACM Active:''' The missile is commanded active before launch making this the only mode where the missile is truly fire and forget. The AIM-54 missile receives the active message before launching from the WCS in addition to a command prepositioning the seeker-head to have it look at the current WCS track if available.<br />
<br />
<br />
Additionally, the AIM-54 has an unofficial method of launching the missile:<br />
<br />
* '''Mad-dogging:''' A method that uses the aircraft relative to their contact altitude and airspeed and firing the AIM-54 in the direction, which will force it to become semi-active within the pitbull range.<br />
<br />
====HUD Symbology====<br />
[[File:f14 aim54 hud.png|thumb|400px]]<br />
The pilot will receive standard symbology of the AIM-54 missile selected when the display is in A/A mode. Similar to the GUNS format, displayed on the HUD will be the weapon type denoted in 2 letters, and the number of missiles. Additionally, any more advanced symbology will occur by lock, which is required at first to fire the missile without "mad-dogging."<br />
<br />
====VDI Symbology====<br />
[[File:f14 aim54 vdi.png|thumb|400px]]<br />
The pilot will also receive additional symbology on the VDI whenever a radar lock occurs with the AIM-54 selected.<br />
<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
===AIM-7 Sparrow===<br />
The AIM-7 Sparrow is an active-radar guided missile for Air-to-Air employment. This missile requires an active radar lock to a contact in order to guide itself for impact. The benefit of this missile is that it is able to lose trackoing guidance if the aircraft breaks the lock on a friendly contact, as well as being able to be used in a mixed scenario.<br />
<br />
The maximum range of the Sparrow under optimal conditions as the Phoenix is ~25 nmi. The recommended distance, however, is roughly ~10 nmi.<br />
<br />
===AIM-9 Sidewinder===<br />
The AIM-9 Sidewinder is an IR-guided missile that self tracks based off of thermal energy (heat) of an aircraft. This missile should be used for close quarters range, where agility and speed are a high priority. The benefit of this missile is how quickly it can turn onto a contact. However, a con to this can be "sun-aiming," where the missile follows a contact that flies directly to the sun and immediately flanks out of the sensor sight of the Sidewinder.<br />
<br />
The maximum range on this missile is ~10 nmi., but recommended range is within ~5 nmi. under optimal conditions.<br />
<br />
=Air-to-Ground Weapons=<br />
----<br />
The F-14B Tomcat comes with a variety of air-to-ground weapons after the upgrade to the Bombcat.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Ground Gun==<br />
The symbology of the Air-to-Ground Gun is similar to of the Air-to-Air mode. The weapon will instead keep a diamond inside with the cross until passing the horizon threshold. All happens with the Gun selected and the HUD steering command in A/G mode.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Ground Bombs==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat is able to carry numerous types of munitions that act as bombs, whether dumb or laser-guided.<br />
<br />
===Mk-20/81/82/83/84 GPB===<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
===GBU-12/14/16 LGB===<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
===BDU-33 Training Bomb===<br />
The BDU-33 is a training bomb that emits smoke upon impact on a hard surface. This is generally used in training for Air-to-Ground in the Tomcat, and among other aircraft.<br />
<br />
===ADM-141 TALD===<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Ground Rockets==<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
=Resources=<br />
----<br />
==Contributors==<br />
* Jak: An early contributor who wrote information on what the aircraft was and helping serve filler content.<br />
* Nullspec: Contributor towards the F/A-18C Hornet on implemented/non-implemented for the formatting.<br />
<br />
==Manuals & Documents==<br />
* [https://info.publicintelligence.net/F14AAP-1B.pdf F-14B NATOPS Pocket Checklist]<br />
* [http://www.heatblur.se/F-14Manual/ Heatblur F-14 Manual]<br />
* [https://www.mudspike.com/chucks-guides-dcs-f-14b-tomcat/ Chuck's F-14 Guide]<br />
<br />
==Heatblur's Videos==<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q1o7E9pb95Y Episode 1: Overview]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OO3IdQjAdDA Episode 2: Pilot's Cockpit Walkaround]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ws1GxPG2ZXw Episode 3: Cold And Dark (Full Startup)]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kgpGO7fj4oU Episode 4: The RIO's Office]<br />
<br />
==Jabbers' Tutorial Videos==<br />
(They're good!)<br />
<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2qwlJs__iYk Pilot - Startup/Taxi/Takeoff with JESTER AI]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b5opjCygZug Pilot - Maneuvering and Flight Characteristics]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f4y2oZ-7rM8 Pilot - Air-to-Air Refueling]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ujk4hL_EnUc Pilot - ACM - Radar Acquisition Modes]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wftck0C3fJ8 Pilot - Weapons - Zuni Rockets with JESTER AI]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4m-Q02gxFEA Pilot - Weapons - AIM-9 Sidewinder]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SWeHtpJ00JI RIO - Startup]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r4-Dd4ss2Rc RIO - AWG-9 Radar]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YG7sWweg2RQ RIO - IFF Interrogation]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2q-bHFyTEr8 Overview - AIM-54C Mk.47 Phoenix - Tacview Debrief]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PyAQpqVhtBY Overview - AIM-54A Mk.60 Phoenix - Tacview Debrief]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4groy-_Bxfk Quick Tips - AIM-54 Phoenix]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Is3AtOX-abw Quick Tips - Bombing]<br />
<br />
==RedKit's Tutorial Videos==<br />
(More in-depth on particular systems, referenced throughout the guide.)<br />
<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R9-8UCj66Ds Pilot/RIO - LANTIRN & LGB Bombs]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k5femxA_lis Pilot/RIO - ICLS & ACLS]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YqQz9YrEi6A Pilot/RIO - INS Fix]</div>Siriushttps://wiki.hoggitworld.com/index.php?title=F-16C&diff=10676F-16C2019-10-02T02:31:46Z<p>Sirius: /* Speedbrake */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{ModuleInfo<br />
|modulename=F-16C<br />
|modulethumb=F-16C Flying.png<br />
|guidelink=https://www.digitalcombatsimulator.com/en/downloads/documentation/viper_early_access_guide_en/<br />
|storelink=https://www.digitalcombatsimulator.com/en/shop/modules/viper/<br />
|trailerlink=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8QfANpD0GHY<br />
}}<br />
<br />
<div class="alert alert-info" role="alert"><br />
The DCS: F-16C Viper module is not yet released. It is planned to release on 3 October 2019. As a result of this module being very new, this wiki page should be considered highly work-in-progress.<br />
<br />
This page is focused on the DCS World F-16C module; see [[Falcon BMS]] for BMS related info.<br />
</div><br />
<br />
The '''F-16C Fighting Falcon''', often called the '''Viper''', is a single-engine multi-role fighter jet airplane. The F-16 was created by General Dynamics (now Lockheed Martin) and operated by the United States Air Force and numerous other militaries. Despite the "F" (fighter) designation, it is designed for both air-to-air and air-to-ground missions and can use an array of weapons and sensors; built into the Viper is a 20mm cannon as well as a multifunction radar. The DCS F-16C models a Block 50 aircraft with the new F110-GE-129 engine and the Common Configuration Implementation Program (CCIP) avionics upgrade.<br />
<br />
=Weapons List=<br />
==Implemented==<br />
Partially or fully implemented weapons of the F-16C Viper:<br />
<br />
==Planned==<br />
Weapons not yet implemented into the Viper:<br />
<br />
* BDU-33, BDU-50LD/HD Training Bombs<br />
* Mk-82LDGP, Mk-82AIR, Mk-84LDGP LGB<br />
* CBU-87 CEM, CBU-97 SFW, CBU-103, CBU-105 Cluster Bombs<br />
* 2.75” LAU-68, LAU-131 Rockets<br />
* AIM-9L/M/P/X Sidewinder<br />
* AIM-120B/C AMRAAM<br />
* M61A1 20mm Cannon<br />
* AGM-65D/G/H/K Maverick<br />
* AGM-88C HARM<br />
* GBU-10, GBU-12, GBU-24<br />
* BRU-57/A<br />
* GBU-31/A, GBU-38/B JDAM<br />
* AGM-154A/B JSOW<br />
* ALE-50 Towed Decoy<br />
<br />
=HOTAS=<br />
----<br />
The Fighting Falcon's hands on throttle and stick (HOTAS) system is designed to allow the pilot to manipulate important avionics functions without releasing the hands from the throttle or control stick. This section will provide a summarized description of all HOTAS controls - detailed functionality will be described in other appropriate sections.<br />
<br />
==Control Stick==<br />
The control stick is a side-mounted stick used to manipulate the Flight Control System (FLCS), but also has numerous other HOTAS controls. The stick is mostly stationary and uses pressure sensitivity to be manipulated; it does, however, move a small physical distance.<br />
*'''Trim Switch:''' The Trim Switch commands pitch (up/down) and roll (left/right) trim to the FLCS.<br />
*'''Display Management Switch (DMS):''' The Display Management Switch (DMS) is used for avionics display manipulation and to assign the [[#Sensor of Interest|Sensor of Interest]].<br />
**'''Forward:''' Sensor of Interest assigned to HUD/HMCS<br />
**'''Aft:''' Sensor of Interest assigned and cycles between the left and right MFDs<br />
**'''Left:''' Cycles three configured quick access pages on the left MFD from right to left<br />
**'''Right:''' Cycles three configured quick access pages on the right MFD from left to right<br />
*'''Target Management Switch (TMS):''' The Target Management Switch (TMS) manipulates various sensors depending on what is the Sensor of Interest.<br />
**'''Forward'''<br />
***HUD SOI: When an A/G bomb is selected, designates SPI in DTOS/EO.<br />
***FCR SOI: Commands Spotlight mode in RWS mode or commands BORE scan in ACM<br />
***TGP SOI: Commands point track<br />
***WPN SOI: Commands track<br />
***HSD SOI: Designate active waypoint<br />
**'''Aft'''<br />
***HUD/FCR/WPN SOI: Target reject<br />
***HSD SOI: Drop<br />
**'''Left'''<br />
***FCR SOI: Expanded data<br />
***TGP/WPN SOI: Toggles seeker polarity<br />
**'''Right'''<br />
***FCR SOI: Steps bugged track in TWS or commands HUD scan in ACM<br />
***TGP SOI: Commands area track<br />
**'''Right, Long Press'''<br />
***FCR SOI: Toggles TWS and RWS mode<br />
<br />
=Flight Controls & Landing Gear=<br />
----<br />
==Flight Controls==<br />
The F-16C has multiple flight control surfaces for maneuvering the aircraft. It has a "fly-by-wire" (FBW) system, which, opposed to a traditional mechanical or "direct" control system, the inputs given by the cockpit controls are inputted to a computer which then decides what controls to move in order to accomplish the desired maneuver. This computerized system is called the Flight Control System (FCS). The FCS also moves surfaces as a function of the angle of attack to provide the best control.<br />
<br />
The F-16C's primary flight controls are:<br />
<br />
* '''Stabilators (STAB):''' Two "stabilators" (stabilizer + elevator) located at the tail move on a single axis independently of one another to control both pitch and roll of the aircraft.<br />
* '''Ailerons (AIL):''' Two normal ailerons located on the outer area of the wings to control roll of the aircraft. They also both droop down to add lift.<br />
* '''Rudders (RUD):''' Two twin, inward-tilted rudders which move on a normal left/right axis to control yaw and are also be pointed inward as a schedule of AOA ("toe-in").<br />
* '''Leading Edge Flaps (LEF):''' Normal slats located on the leading (front) edge of the wings to add lift.<br />
* '''Trailing Edge Flaps (LEF):''' Normal flaps located on the trailing (back) edge of the wings to add lift.<br />
<br />
<br />
The control stick controls the stabilators, ailerons, and rudder and the rudder pedals control the rudder. The control stick mainly focuses on using force sensing for feedback, not to be confused for force feedback.<br />
<br />
==Speedbrake==<br />
The speed brake is a flap located on the top of the aircraft designed to provide drag to decelerate faster. It is activated via the speed brake switch on the throttle. The three positions are:<br />
<br />
* '''Aft''': Speedbrake will extend as long as it is held.<br />
* '''Forward''': The speed brake retracts as long as it is in this position and will not creep up when fully retracted.<br />
<br />
==Landing Gear==<br />
===Nosewheel Steering===<br />
With weight off wheels, it is disengaged. It automatically engages upon there being weight on wheels. NWS is disengaged manually via the paddle switch on the stick.<br />
<br />
=Digital Systems Overview=<br />
----<br />
The F-16's avionics are interfaced with via two Multifunction Displays (MFDs), the Integrated Control Panel (ICP), the Data Entry Display (DED), and the head-up display (HUD)/helmet mounted cueing system (HMCS). The [[#HOTAS|hands on throttle and stick]] (HOTAS) system of the aircraft is also used for manipulating these systems, which is detailed in its own section and the sections relevant to specific HOTAS uses.<br />
<br />
==Sensor of Interest==<br />
In the F-16, either the HUD/HMCS, the left MFD, or the right MFD is the designated Sensor of Interest, or "SOI." The SOI is used to dictate what HOTAS buttons do what function. The SOI is changed via the Display Management Switch (DMS) on the stick - forward will assign SOI to the HUD/HMCS while aft will cycle SOI between the left and right MFDs. If an MFD is SOI, a white border around it is displayed. If the HUD is SOI, an asterisk is put in the upper left corner.<br />
<br />
==Multifunction Displays==<br />
The F-16 has two Multifunction Displays (MFDs) on the left and right sides of the cockpit: each has 5 option select buttons (OSBs) on all four sides. The MFDs can display various software pages to manipulate the aircraft's avionics. Up to three pages per MFD can be selected on either MFD for quick access via pushbutton or HOTAS. These three pages always occupy the bottom center three pushbutton areas. In addition to these, a universal declutter (DCLT) button is provided, which will declutter the symbology depending on the page, and a SWAP button, which simply swaps the two MFD's quick access pages and selected page.<br />
<br />
Selecting any of the three pushbuttons once they have already been selected prompts the main page menu. Any page can then be selected and will be filled at that pushbutton. That page can then be selected by either pressing the corresponding pushbutton or using the Display Management Switch (DMS) on the stick, and it will be highlighted. TMS LEFT and RIGHT respectively cycle the three quick access pages on the left/right MFDs in an outward fashion.<br />
<br />
=Air-to-Air Radar=<br />
----<br />
The F-16C is equipped with the AN/APG-68 pulse Doppler radar. This section will cover its air-to-air (A/A) functionality for surveillance of aircraft and to provide A/A weapon systems guidance in engaging aerial targets. The A/A radar is accessed from the Fire Control Radar (FCR) page.<br />
<br />
==FCR Page Overview==<br />
The Fire Control Radar page is presented in an azimuth over range format with the aircraft at the bottom center of the display. The range axis is displayed in a vertical format, where higher range is higher on the physical MFD screen. Azimuth is horizontal, where something at the center of the display is directly in front of the ownship aircraft, and accordingly left/right of it when left/right of the display center.<br />
#'''Azimuth Caret''' - This vertical "T" shaped indication indicates the current location of the radar antenna with respect to azimuth (left/right) of the aircraft. The azimuth is usually centered on a bearing relative to the aircraft itself except when in Situational Awareness Mode (SAM) or Single Target Track (STT). The tick marks each indicates 10° azimuth, with the center tick being 0° (60° left/right is the physical maximum).<br />
#'''Elevation Caret''' - This horizontal "T" shape indicates the current vertical elevation of the radar with respect to the horizon. The radar elevation is always stabilized to the horizon. The elevation is shifted up and down via the Antenna Elevation Knob on the throttle and may also change automatically as a result of the bar setting.. Each blue tick mark indicates 10° above or below the horizon, with the middle tick being the horizon.<br />
#'''Bar Setting''' - The radar antenna may automatically change position after each azimuth sweep to scan multiple elevations or "bars." The bar number corresponds to the number of different elevations scanned. The first bar is always the manually set elevation with the Antenna Elevation Knob, while the second and fourth bars are automatic and based off the manual setting of the first bar.<br />
#'''Range Scale''' - The scale of the FCR page may be set with these two arrows. The number represents the maximum range it displays in nautical miles. This setting is only what the page displays; the radar will always scan to the farthest distance possible.<br />
#'''Acquisition Cursor''' - This is a cursor controlled with the Cursor/Enable Switch on the throttle, used for acquiring tracks and contacts into either Single Target Track or Situational Awareness Mode. Two numbers are displayed to the right indicating the maximum and minimum altitudes in thousands of feet the radar can see at the point the cursor is placed; this naturally changes with the elevation setting.<br />
<br />
==A/A Radar HUD Indications==</div>Siriushttps://wiki.hoggitworld.com/index.php?title=F-16C&diff=10675F-16C2019-10-02T02:28:37Z<p>Sirius: /* Speedbrake */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{ModuleInfo<br />
|modulename=F-16C<br />
|modulethumb=F-16C Flying.png<br />
|guidelink=https://www.digitalcombatsimulator.com/en/downloads/documentation/viper_early_access_guide_en/<br />
|storelink=https://www.digitalcombatsimulator.com/en/shop/modules/viper/<br />
|trailerlink=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8QfANpD0GHY<br />
}}<br />
<br />
<div class="alert alert-info" role="alert"><br />
The DCS: F-16C Viper module is not yet released. It is planned to release on 3 October 2019. As a result of this module being very new, this wiki page should be considered highly work-in-progress.<br />
<br />
This page is focused on the DCS World F-16C module; see [[Falcon BMS]] for BMS related info.<br />
</div><br />
<br />
The '''F-16C Fighting Falcon''', often called the '''Viper''', is a single-engine multi-role fighter jet airplane. The F-16 was created by General Dynamics (now Lockheed Martin) and operated by the United States Air Force and numerous other militaries. Despite the "F" (fighter) designation, it is designed for both air-to-air and air-to-ground missions and can use an array of weapons and sensors; built into the Viper is a 20mm cannon as well as a multifunction radar. The DCS F-16C models a Block 50 aircraft with the new F110-GE-129 engine and the Common Configuration Implementation Program (CCIP) avionics upgrade.<br />
<br />
=Weapons List=<br />
==Implemented==<br />
Partially or fully implemented weapons of the F-16C Viper:<br />
<br />
==Planned==<br />
Weapons not yet implemented into the Viper:<br />
<br />
* BDU-33, BDU-50LD/HD Training Bombs<br />
* Mk-82LDGP, Mk-82AIR, Mk-84LDGP LGB<br />
* CBU-87 CEM, CBU-97 SFW, CBU-103, CBU-105 Cluster Bombs<br />
* 2.75” LAU-68, LAU-131 Rockets<br />
* AIM-9L/M/P/X Sidewinder<br />
* AIM-120B/C AMRAAM<br />
* M61A1 20mm Cannon<br />
* AGM-65D/G/H/K Maverick<br />
* AGM-88C HARM<br />
* GBU-10, GBU-12, GBU-24<br />
* BRU-57/A<br />
* GBU-31/A, GBU-38/B JDAM<br />
* AGM-154A/B JSOW<br />
* ALE-50 Towed Decoy<br />
<br />
=HOTAS=<br />
----<br />
The Fighting Falcon's hands on throttle and stick (HOTAS) system is designed to allow the pilot to manipulate important avionics functions without releasing the hands from the throttle or control stick. This section will provide a summarized description of all HOTAS controls - detailed functionality will be described in other appropriate sections.<br />
<br />
==Control Stick==<br />
The control stick is a side-mounted stick used to manipulate the Flight Control System (FLCS), but also has numerous other HOTAS controls. The stick is mostly stationary and uses pressure sensitivity to be manipulated; it does, however, move a small physical distance.<br />
*'''Trim Switch:''' The Trim Switch commands pitch (up/down) and roll (left/right) trim to the FLCS.<br />
*'''Display Management Switch (DMS):''' The Display Management Switch (DMS) is used for avionics display manipulation and to assign the [[#Sensor of Interest|Sensor of Interest]].<br />
**'''Forward:''' Sensor of Interest assigned to HUD/HMCS<br />
**'''Aft:''' Sensor of Interest assigned and cycles between the left and right MFDs<br />
**'''Left:''' Cycles three configured quick access pages on the left MFD from right to left<br />
**'''Right:''' Cycles three configured quick access pages on the right MFD from left to right<br />
*'''Target Management Switch (TMS):''' The Target Management Switch (TMS) manipulates various sensors depending on what is the Sensor of Interest.<br />
**'''Forward'''<br />
***HUD SOI: When an A/G bomb is selected, designates SPI in DTOS/EO.<br />
***FCR SOI: Commands Spotlight mode in RWS mode or commands BORE scan in ACM<br />
***TGP SOI: Commands point track<br />
***WPN SOI: Commands track<br />
***HSD SOI: Designate active waypoint<br />
**'''Aft'''<br />
***HUD/FCR/WPN SOI: Target reject<br />
***HSD SOI: Drop<br />
**'''Left'''<br />
***FCR SOI: Expanded data<br />
***TGP/WPN SOI: Toggles seeker polarity<br />
**'''Right'''<br />
***FCR SOI: Steps bugged track in TWS or commands HUD scan in ACM<br />
***TGP SOI: Commands area track<br />
**'''Right, Long Press'''<br />
***FCR SOI: Toggles TWS and RWS mode<br />
<br />
=Flight Controls & Landing Gear=<br />
----<br />
==Flight Controls==<br />
The F-16C has multiple flight control surfaces for maneuvering the aircraft. It has a "fly-by-wire" (FBW) system, which, opposed to a traditional mechanical or "direct" control system, the inputs given by the cockpit controls are inputted to a computer which then decides what controls to move in order to accomplish the desired maneuver. This computerized system is called the Flight Control System (FCS). The FCS also moves surfaces as a function of the angle of attack to provide the best control.<br />
<br />
The F-16C's primary flight controls are:<br />
<br />
* '''Stabilators (STAB):''' Two "stabilators" (stabilizer + elevator) located at the tail move on a single axis independently of one another to control both pitch and roll of the aircraft.<br />
* '''Ailerons (AIL):''' Two normal ailerons located on the outer area of the wings to control roll of the aircraft. They also both droop down to add lift.<br />
* '''Rudders (RUD):''' Two twin, inward-tilted rudders which move on a normal left/right axis to control yaw and are also be pointed inward as a schedule of AOA ("toe-in").<br />
* '''Leading Edge Flaps (LEF):''' Normal slats located on the leading (front) edge of the wings to add lift.<br />
* '''Trailing Edge Flaps (LEF):''' Normal flaps located on the trailing (back) edge of the wings to add lift.<br />
<br />
<br />
The control stick controls the stabilators, ailerons, and rudder and the rudder pedals control the rudder. The control stick mainly focuses on using force sensing for feedback, not to be confused for force feedback.<br />
<br />
==Speedbrake==<br />
The speed brake is a flap located on the top of the aircraft designed to provide drag to decelerate faster. It is activated via the speed brake switch on the throttle. The three positions are:<br />
<br />
* '''Aft''': Speedbrake will extend as long as it is held.<br />
* '''Forward''': The speed brake retracts as long as it is in this position and will not creep up when fully retracted.<br />
<br />
=Digital Systems Overview=<br />
----<br />
The F-16's avionics are interfaced with via two Multifunction Displays (MFDs), the Integrated Control Panel (ICP), the Data Entry Display (DED), and the head-up display (HUD)/helmet mounted cueing system (HMCS). The [[#HOTAS|hands on throttle and stick]] (HOTAS) system of the aircraft is also used for manipulating these systems, which is detailed in its own section and the sections relevant to specific HOTAS uses.<br />
<br />
==Sensor of Interest==<br />
In the F-16, either the HUD/HMCS, the left MFD, or the right MFD is the designated Sensor of Interest, or "SOI." The SOI is used to dictate what HOTAS buttons do what function. The SOI is changed via the Display Management Switch (DMS) on the stick - forward will assign SOI to the HUD/HMCS while aft will cycle SOI between the left and right MFDs. If an MFD is SOI, a white border around it is displayed. If the HUD is SOI, an asterisk is put in the upper left corner.<br />
<br />
==Multifunction Displays==<br />
The F-16 has two Multifunction Displays (MFDs) on the left and right sides of the cockpit: each has 5 option select buttons (OSBs) on all four sides. The MFDs can display various software pages to manipulate the aircraft's avionics. Up to three pages per MFD can be selected on either MFD for quick access via pushbutton or HOTAS. These three pages always occupy the bottom center three pushbutton areas. In addition to these, a universal declutter (DCLT) button is provided, which will declutter the symbology depending on the page, and a SWAP button, which simply swaps the two MFD's quick access pages and selected page.<br />
<br />
Selecting any of the three pushbuttons once they have already been selected prompts the main page menu. Any page can then be selected and will be filled at that pushbutton. That page can then be selected by either pressing the corresponding pushbutton or using the Display Management Switch (DMS) on the stick, and it will be highlighted. TMS LEFT and RIGHT respectively cycle the three quick access pages on the left/right MFDs in an outward fashion.<br />
<br />
=Air-to-Air Radar=<br />
----<br />
The F-16C is equipped with the AN/APG-68 pulse Doppler radar. This section will cover its air-to-air (A/A) functionality for surveillance of aircraft and to provide A/A weapon systems guidance in engaging aerial targets. The A/A radar is accessed from the Fire Control Radar (FCR) page.<br />
<br />
==FCR Page Overview==<br />
The Fire Control Radar page is presented in an azimuth over range format with the aircraft at the bottom center of the display. The range axis is displayed in a vertical format, where higher range is higher on the physical MFD screen. Azimuth is horizontal, where something at the center of the display is directly in front of the ownship aircraft, and accordingly left/right of it when left/right of the display center.<br />
#'''Azimuth Caret''' - This vertical "T" shaped indication indicates the current location of the radar antenna with respect to azimuth (left/right) of the aircraft. The azimuth is usually centered on a bearing relative to the aircraft itself except when in Situational Awareness Mode (SAM) or Single Target Track (STT). The tick marks each indicates 10° azimuth, with the center tick being 0° (60° left/right is the physical maximum).<br />
#'''Elevation Caret''' - This horizontal "T" shape indicates the current vertical elevation of the radar with respect to the horizon. The radar elevation is always stabilized to the horizon. The elevation is shifted up and down via the Antenna Elevation Knob on the throttle and may also change automatically as a result of the bar setting.. Each blue tick mark indicates 10° above or below the horizon, with the middle tick being the horizon.<br />
#'''Bar Setting''' - The radar antenna may automatically change position after each azimuth sweep to scan multiple elevations or "bars." The bar number corresponds to the number of different elevations scanned. The first bar is always the manually set elevation with the Antenna Elevation Knob, while the second and fourth bars are automatic and based off the manual setting of the first bar.<br />
#'''Range Scale''' - The scale of the FCR page may be set with these two arrows. The number represents the maximum range it displays in nautical miles. This setting is only what the page displays; the radar will always scan to the farthest distance possible.<br />
#'''Acquisition Cursor''' - This is a cursor controlled with the Cursor/Enable Switch on the throttle, used for acquiring tracks and contacts into either Single Target Track or Situational Awareness Mode. Two numbers are displayed to the right indicating the maximum and minimum altitudes in thousands of feet the radar can see at the point the cursor is placed; this naturally changes with the elevation setting.<br />
<br />
==A/A Radar HUD Indications==</div>Siriushttps://wiki.hoggitworld.com/index.php?title=F-16C&diff=10674F-16C2019-10-02T02:25:33Z<p>Sirius: /* Flight Controls */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{ModuleInfo<br />
|modulename=F-16C<br />
|modulethumb=F-16C Flying.png<br />
|guidelink=https://www.digitalcombatsimulator.com/en/downloads/documentation/viper_early_access_guide_en/<br />
|storelink=https://www.digitalcombatsimulator.com/en/shop/modules/viper/<br />
|trailerlink=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8QfANpD0GHY<br />
}}<br />
<br />
<div class="alert alert-info" role="alert"><br />
The DCS: F-16C Viper module is not yet released. It is planned to release on 3 October 2019. As a result of this module being very new, this wiki page should be considered highly work-in-progress.<br />
<br />
This page is focused on the DCS World F-16C module; see [[Falcon BMS]] for BMS related info.<br />
</div><br />
<br />
The '''F-16C Fighting Falcon''', often called the '''Viper''', is a single-engine multi-role fighter jet airplane. The F-16 was created by General Dynamics (now Lockheed Martin) and operated by the United States Air Force and numerous other militaries. Despite the "F" (fighter) designation, it is designed for both air-to-air and air-to-ground missions and can use an array of weapons and sensors; built into the Viper is a 20mm cannon as well as a multifunction radar. The DCS F-16C models a Block 50 aircraft with the new F110-GE-129 engine and the Common Configuration Implementation Program (CCIP) avionics upgrade.<br />
<br />
=Weapons List=<br />
==Implemented==<br />
Partially or fully implemented weapons of the F-16C Viper:<br />
<br />
==Planned==<br />
Weapons not yet implemented into the Viper:<br />
<br />
* BDU-33, BDU-50LD/HD Training Bombs<br />
* Mk-82LDGP, Mk-82AIR, Mk-84LDGP LGB<br />
* CBU-87 CEM, CBU-97 SFW, CBU-103, CBU-105 Cluster Bombs<br />
* 2.75” LAU-68, LAU-131 Rockets<br />
* AIM-9L/M/P/X Sidewinder<br />
* AIM-120B/C AMRAAM<br />
* M61A1 20mm Cannon<br />
* AGM-65D/G/H/K Maverick<br />
* AGM-88C HARM<br />
* GBU-10, GBU-12, GBU-24<br />
* BRU-57/A<br />
* GBU-31/A, GBU-38/B JDAM<br />
* AGM-154A/B JSOW<br />
* ALE-50 Towed Decoy<br />
<br />
=HOTAS=<br />
----<br />
The Fighting Falcon's hands on throttle and stick (HOTAS) system is designed to allow the pilot to manipulate important avionics functions without releasing the hands from the throttle or control stick. This section will provide a summarized description of all HOTAS controls - detailed functionality will be described in other appropriate sections.<br />
<br />
==Control Stick==<br />
The control stick is a side-mounted stick used to manipulate the Flight Control System (FLCS), but also has numerous other HOTAS controls. The stick is mostly stationary and uses pressure sensitivity to be manipulated; it does, however, move a small physical distance.<br />
*'''Trim Switch:''' The Trim Switch commands pitch (up/down) and roll (left/right) trim to the FLCS.<br />
*'''Display Management Switch (DMS):''' The Display Management Switch (DMS) is used for avionics display manipulation and to assign the [[#Sensor of Interest|Sensor of Interest]].<br />
**'''Forward:''' Sensor of Interest assigned to HUD/HMCS<br />
**'''Aft:''' Sensor of Interest assigned and cycles between the left and right MFDs<br />
**'''Left:''' Cycles three configured quick access pages on the left MFD from right to left<br />
**'''Right:''' Cycles three configured quick access pages on the right MFD from left to right<br />
*'''Target Management Switch (TMS):''' The Target Management Switch (TMS) manipulates various sensors depending on what is the Sensor of Interest.<br />
**'''Forward'''<br />
***HUD SOI: When an A/G bomb is selected, designates SPI in DTOS/EO.<br />
***FCR SOI: Commands Spotlight mode in RWS mode or commands BORE scan in ACM<br />
***TGP SOI: Commands point track<br />
***WPN SOI: Commands track<br />
***HSD SOI: Designate active waypoint<br />
**'''Aft'''<br />
***HUD/FCR/WPN SOI: Target reject<br />
***HSD SOI: Drop<br />
**'''Left'''<br />
***FCR SOI: Expanded data<br />
***TGP/WPN SOI: Toggles seeker polarity<br />
**'''Right'''<br />
***FCR SOI: Steps bugged track in TWS or commands HUD scan in ACM<br />
***TGP SOI: Commands area track<br />
**'''Right, Long Press'''<br />
***FCR SOI: Toggles TWS and RWS mode<br />
<br />
=Flight Controls & Landing Gear=<br />
----<br />
==Flight Controls==<br />
The F-16C has multiple flight control surfaces for maneuvering the aircraft. It has a "fly-by-wire" (FBW) system, which, opposed to a traditional mechanical or "direct" control system, the inputs given by the cockpit controls are inputted to a computer which then decides what controls to move in order to accomplish the desired maneuver. This computerized system is called the Flight Control System (FCS). The FCS also moves surfaces as a function of the angle of attack to provide the best control.<br />
<br />
The F-16C's primary flight controls are:<br />
<br />
* '''Stabilators (STAB):''' Two "stabilators" (stabilizer + elevator) located at the tail move on a single axis independently of one another to control both pitch and roll of the aircraft.<br />
* '''Ailerons (AIL):''' Two normal ailerons located on the outer area of the wings to control roll of the aircraft. They also both droop down to add lift.<br />
* '''Rudders (RUD):''' Two twin, inward-tilted rudders which move on a normal left/right axis to control yaw and are also be pointed inward as a schedule of AOA ("toe-in").<br />
* '''Leading Edge Flaps (LEF):''' Normal slats located on the leading (front) edge of the wings to add lift.<br />
* '''Trailing Edge Flaps (LEF):''' Normal flaps located on the trailing (back) edge of the wings to add lift.<br />
<br />
<br />
The control stick controls the stabilators, ailerons, and rudder and the rudder pedals control the rudder. The control stick mainly focuses on using force sensing for feedback, not to be confused for force feedback.<br />
<br />
==Speedbrake==<br />
The speed brake is a flap located on the top of the aircraft designed to provide drag to decelerate faster. It is activated via the speed brake switch on the throttle. The three positions are:<br />
<br />
* Aft: Speedbrake will extend as long as it is held.<br />
* Forward: The speed brake retracts as long as it is in this position and will not creep up when fully retracted.<br />
<br />
=Digital Systems Overview=<br />
----<br />
The F-16's avionics are interfaced with via two Multifunction Displays (MFDs), the Integrated Control Panel (ICP), the Data Entry Display (DED), and the head-up display (HUD)/helmet mounted cueing system (HMCS). The [[#HOTAS|hands on throttle and stick]] (HOTAS) system of the aircraft is also used for manipulating these systems, which is detailed in its own section and the sections relevant to specific HOTAS uses.<br />
<br />
==Sensor of Interest==<br />
In the F-16, either the HUD/HMCS, the left MFD, or the right MFD is the designated Sensor of Interest, or "SOI." The SOI is used to dictate what HOTAS buttons do what function. The SOI is changed via the Display Management Switch (DMS) on the stick - forward will assign SOI to the HUD/HMCS while aft will cycle SOI between the left and right MFDs. If an MFD is SOI, a white border around it is displayed. If the HUD is SOI, an asterisk is put in the upper left corner.<br />
<br />
==Multifunction Displays==<br />
The F-16 has two Multifunction Displays (MFDs) on the left and right sides of the cockpit: each has 5 option select buttons (OSBs) on all four sides. The MFDs can display various software pages to manipulate the aircraft's avionics. Up to three pages per MFD can be selected on either MFD for quick access via pushbutton or HOTAS. These three pages always occupy the bottom center three pushbutton areas. In addition to these, a universal declutter (DCLT) button is provided, which will declutter the symbology depending on the page, and a SWAP button, which simply swaps the two MFD's quick access pages and selected page.<br />
<br />
Selecting any of the three pushbuttons once they have already been selected prompts the main page menu. Any page can then be selected and will be filled at that pushbutton. That page can then be selected by either pressing the corresponding pushbutton or using the Display Management Switch (DMS) on the stick, and it will be highlighted. TMS LEFT and RIGHT respectively cycle the three quick access pages on the left/right MFDs in an outward fashion.<br />
<br />
=Air-to-Air Radar=<br />
----<br />
The F-16C is equipped with the AN/APG-68 pulse Doppler radar. This section will cover its air-to-air (A/A) functionality for surveillance of aircraft and to provide A/A weapon systems guidance in engaging aerial targets. The A/A radar is accessed from the Fire Control Radar (FCR) page.<br />
<br />
==FCR Page Overview==<br />
The Fire Control Radar page is presented in an azimuth over range format with the aircraft at the bottom center of the display. The range axis is displayed in a vertical format, where higher range is higher on the physical MFD screen. Azimuth is horizontal, where something at the center of the display is directly in front of the ownship aircraft, and accordingly left/right of it when left/right of the display center.<br />
#'''Azimuth Caret''' - This vertical "T" shaped indication indicates the current location of the radar antenna with respect to azimuth (left/right) of the aircraft. The azimuth is usually centered on a bearing relative to the aircraft itself except when in Situational Awareness Mode (SAM) or Single Target Track (STT). The tick marks each indicates 10° azimuth, with the center tick being 0° (60° left/right is the physical maximum).<br />
#'''Elevation Caret''' - This horizontal "T" shape indicates the current vertical elevation of the radar with respect to the horizon. The radar elevation is always stabilized to the horizon. The elevation is shifted up and down via the Antenna Elevation Knob on the throttle and may also change automatically as a result of the bar setting.. Each blue tick mark indicates 10° above or below the horizon, with the middle tick being the horizon.<br />
#'''Bar Setting''' - The radar antenna may automatically change position after each azimuth sweep to scan multiple elevations or "bars." The bar number corresponds to the number of different elevations scanned. The first bar is always the manually set elevation with the Antenna Elevation Knob, while the second and fourth bars are automatic and based off the manual setting of the first bar.<br />
#'''Range Scale''' - The scale of the FCR page may be set with these two arrows. The number represents the maximum range it displays in nautical miles. This setting is only what the page displays; the radar will always scan to the farthest distance possible.<br />
#'''Acquisition Cursor''' - This is a cursor controlled with the Cursor/Enable Switch on the throttle, used for acquiring tracks and contacts into either Single Target Track or Situational Awareness Mode. Two numbers are displayed to the right indicating the maximum and minimum altitudes in thousands of feet the radar can see at the point the cursor is placed; this naturally changes with the elevation setting.<br />
<br />
==A/A Radar HUD Indications==</div>Siriushttps://wiki.hoggitworld.com/index.php?title=F-16C&diff=10673F-16C2019-10-02T02:23:29Z<p>Sirius: /* Flight Controls & Landing Gear */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{ModuleInfo<br />
|modulename=F-16C<br />
|modulethumb=F-16C Flying.png<br />
|guidelink=https://www.digitalcombatsimulator.com/en/downloads/documentation/viper_early_access_guide_en/<br />
|storelink=https://www.digitalcombatsimulator.com/en/shop/modules/viper/<br />
|trailerlink=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8QfANpD0GHY<br />
}}<br />
<br />
<div class="alert alert-info" role="alert"><br />
The DCS: F-16C Viper module is not yet released. It is planned to release on 3 October 2019. As a result of this module being very new, this wiki page should be considered highly work-in-progress.<br />
<br />
This page is focused on the DCS World F-16C module; see [[Falcon BMS]] for BMS related info.<br />
</div><br />
<br />
The '''F-16C Fighting Falcon''', often called the '''Viper''', is a single-engine multi-role fighter jet airplane. The F-16 was created by General Dynamics (now Lockheed Martin) and operated by the United States Air Force and numerous other militaries. Despite the "F" (fighter) designation, it is designed for both air-to-air and air-to-ground missions and can use an array of weapons and sensors; built into the Viper is a 20mm cannon as well as a multifunction radar. The DCS F-16C models a Block 50 aircraft with the new F110-GE-129 engine and the Common Configuration Implementation Program (CCIP) avionics upgrade.<br />
<br />
=Weapons List=<br />
==Implemented==<br />
Partially or fully implemented weapons of the F-16C Viper:<br />
<br />
==Planned==<br />
Weapons not yet implemented into the Viper:<br />
<br />
* BDU-33, BDU-50LD/HD Training Bombs<br />
* Mk-82LDGP, Mk-82AIR, Mk-84LDGP LGB<br />
* CBU-87 CEM, CBU-97 SFW, CBU-103, CBU-105 Cluster Bombs<br />
* 2.75” LAU-68, LAU-131 Rockets<br />
* AIM-9L/M/P/X Sidewinder<br />
* AIM-120B/C AMRAAM<br />
* M61A1 20mm Cannon<br />
* AGM-65D/G/H/K Maverick<br />
* AGM-88C HARM<br />
* GBU-10, GBU-12, GBU-24<br />
* BRU-57/A<br />
* GBU-31/A, GBU-38/B JDAM<br />
* AGM-154A/B JSOW<br />
* ALE-50 Towed Decoy<br />
<br />
=HOTAS=<br />
----<br />
The Fighting Falcon's hands on throttle and stick (HOTAS) system is designed to allow the pilot to manipulate important avionics functions without releasing the hands from the throttle or control stick. This section will provide a summarized description of all HOTAS controls - detailed functionality will be described in other appropriate sections.<br />
<br />
==Control Stick==<br />
The control stick is a side-mounted stick used to manipulate the Flight Control System (FLCS), but also has numerous other HOTAS controls. The stick is mostly stationary and uses pressure sensitivity to be manipulated; it does, however, move a small physical distance.<br />
*'''Trim Switch:''' The Trim Switch commands pitch (up/down) and roll (left/right) trim to the FLCS.<br />
*'''Display Management Switch (DMS):''' The Display Management Switch (DMS) is used for avionics display manipulation and to assign the [[#Sensor of Interest|Sensor of Interest]].<br />
**'''Forward:''' Sensor of Interest assigned to HUD/HMCS<br />
**'''Aft:''' Sensor of Interest assigned and cycles between the left and right MFDs<br />
**'''Left:''' Cycles three configured quick access pages on the left MFD from right to left<br />
**'''Right:''' Cycles three configured quick access pages on the right MFD from left to right<br />
*'''Target Management Switch (TMS):''' The Target Management Switch (TMS) manipulates various sensors depending on what is the Sensor of Interest.<br />
**'''Forward'''<br />
***HUD SOI: When an A/G bomb is selected, designates SPI in DTOS/EO.<br />
***FCR SOI: Commands Spotlight mode in RWS mode or commands BORE scan in ACM<br />
***TGP SOI: Commands point track<br />
***WPN SOI: Commands track<br />
***HSD SOI: Designate active waypoint<br />
**'''Aft'''<br />
***HUD/FCR/WPN SOI: Target reject<br />
***HSD SOI: Drop<br />
**'''Left'''<br />
***FCR SOI: Expanded data<br />
***TGP/WPN SOI: Toggles seeker polarity<br />
**'''Right'''<br />
***FCR SOI: Steps bugged track in TWS or commands HUD scan in ACM<br />
***TGP SOI: Commands area track<br />
**'''Right, Long Press'''<br />
***FCR SOI: Toggles TWS and RWS mode<br />
<br />
=Flight Controls & Landing Gear=<br />
----<br />
==Flight Controls==<br />
The F-16C has multiple flight control surfaces for maneuvering the aircraft. It has a "fly-by-wire" (FBW) system, which, opposed to a traditional mechanical or "direct" control system, the inputs given by the cockpit controls are inputted to a computer which then decides what controls to move in order to accomplish the desired maneuver. This computerized system is called the Flight Control System (FCS). The FCS also moves surfaces as a function of the angle of attack to provide the best control.<br />
<br />
The F-16C's primary flight controls are:<br />
<br />
* '''Stabilators (STAB):''' Two "stabilators" (stabilizer + elevator) located at the tail move on a single axis independently of one another to control both pitch and roll of the aircraft.<br />
* '''Ailerons (AIL):''' Two normal ailerons located on the outer area of the wings to control roll of the aircraft. They also both droop down to add lift.<br />
* '''Rudders (RUD):''' Two twin, inward-tilted rudders which move on a normal left/right axis to control yaw and are also be pointed inward as a schedule of AOA ("toe-in").<br />
* '''Leading Edge Flaps (LEF):''' Normal slats located on the leading (front) edge of the wings to add lift.<br />
* '''Trailing Edge Flaps (LEF):''' Normal flaps located on the trailing (back) edge of the wings to add lift.<br />
<br />
<br />
The control stick controls the stabilators, ailerons, and rudder and the rudder pedals control the rudder. The control stick mainly focuses on using force sensing for feedback, not to be confused for force feedback.<br />
<br />
=Digital Systems Overview=<br />
----<br />
The F-16's avionics are interfaced with via two Multifunction Displays (MFDs), the Integrated Control Panel (ICP), the Data Entry Display (DED), and the head-up display (HUD)/helmet mounted cueing system (HMCS). The [[#HOTAS|hands on throttle and stick]] (HOTAS) system of the aircraft is also used for manipulating these systems, which is detailed in its own section and the sections relevant to specific HOTAS uses.<br />
<br />
==Sensor of Interest==<br />
In the F-16, either the HUD/HMCS, the left MFD, or the right MFD is the designated Sensor of Interest, or "SOI." The SOI is used to dictate what HOTAS buttons do what function. The SOI is changed via the Display Management Switch (DMS) on the stick - forward will assign SOI to the HUD/HMCS while aft will cycle SOI between the left and right MFDs. If an MFD is SOI, a white border around it is displayed. If the HUD is SOI, an asterisk is put in the upper left corner.<br />
<br />
==Multifunction Displays==<br />
The F-16 has two Multifunction Displays (MFDs) on the left and right sides of the cockpit: each has 5 option select buttons (OSBs) on all four sides. The MFDs can display various software pages to manipulate the aircraft's avionics. Up to three pages per MFD can be selected on either MFD for quick access via pushbutton or HOTAS. These three pages always occupy the bottom center three pushbutton areas. In addition to these, a universal declutter (DCLT) button is provided, which will declutter the symbology depending on the page, and a SWAP button, which simply swaps the two MFD's quick access pages and selected page.<br />
<br />
Selecting any of the three pushbuttons once they have already been selected prompts the main page menu. Any page can then be selected and will be filled at that pushbutton. That page can then be selected by either pressing the corresponding pushbutton or using the Display Management Switch (DMS) on the stick, and it will be highlighted. TMS LEFT and RIGHT respectively cycle the three quick access pages on the left/right MFDs in an outward fashion.<br />
<br />
=Air-to-Air Radar=<br />
----<br />
The F-16C is equipped with the AN/APG-68 pulse Doppler radar. This section will cover its air-to-air (A/A) functionality for surveillance of aircraft and to provide A/A weapon systems guidance in engaging aerial targets. The A/A radar is accessed from the Fire Control Radar (FCR) page.<br />
<br />
==FCR Page Overview==<br />
The Fire Control Radar page is presented in an azimuth over range format with the aircraft at the bottom center of the display. The range axis is displayed in a vertical format, where higher range is higher on the physical MFD screen. Azimuth is horizontal, where something at the center of the display is directly in front of the ownship aircraft, and accordingly left/right of it when left/right of the display center.<br />
#'''Azimuth Caret''' - This vertical "T" shaped indication indicates the current location of the radar antenna with respect to azimuth (left/right) of the aircraft. The azimuth is usually centered on a bearing relative to the aircraft itself except when in Situational Awareness Mode (SAM) or Single Target Track (STT). The tick marks each indicates 10° azimuth, with the center tick being 0° (60° left/right is the physical maximum).<br />
#'''Elevation Caret''' - This horizontal "T" shape indicates the current vertical elevation of the radar with respect to the horizon. The radar elevation is always stabilized to the horizon. The elevation is shifted up and down via the Antenna Elevation Knob on the throttle and may also change automatically as a result of the bar setting.. Each blue tick mark indicates 10° above or below the horizon, with the middle tick being the horizon.<br />
#'''Bar Setting''' - The radar antenna may automatically change position after each azimuth sweep to scan multiple elevations or "bars." The bar number corresponds to the number of different elevations scanned. The first bar is always the manually set elevation with the Antenna Elevation Knob, while the second and fourth bars are automatic and based off the manual setting of the first bar.<br />
#'''Range Scale''' - The scale of the FCR page may be set with these two arrows. The number represents the maximum range it displays in nautical miles. This setting is only what the page displays; the radar will always scan to the farthest distance possible.<br />
#'''Acquisition Cursor''' - This is a cursor controlled with the Cursor/Enable Switch on the throttle, used for acquiring tracks and contacts into either Single Target Track or Situational Awareness Mode. Two numbers are displayed to the right indicating the maximum and minimum altitudes in thousands of feet the radar can see at the point the cursor is placed; this naturally changes with the elevation setting.<br />
<br />
==A/A Radar HUD Indications==</div>Siriushttps://wiki.hoggitworld.com/index.php?title=F-16C&diff=10672F-16C2019-10-02T02:23:09Z<p>Sirius: new</p>
<hr />
<div>{{ModuleInfo<br />
|modulename=F-16C<br />
|modulethumb=F-16C Flying.png<br />
|guidelink=https://www.digitalcombatsimulator.com/en/downloads/documentation/viper_early_access_guide_en/<br />
|storelink=https://www.digitalcombatsimulator.com/en/shop/modules/viper/<br />
|trailerlink=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8QfANpD0GHY<br />
}}<br />
<br />
<div class="alert alert-info" role="alert"><br />
The DCS: F-16C Viper module is not yet released. It is planned to release on 3 October 2019. As a result of this module being very new, this wiki page should be considered highly work-in-progress.<br />
<br />
This page is focused on the DCS World F-16C module; see [[Falcon BMS]] for BMS related info.<br />
</div><br />
<br />
The '''F-16C Fighting Falcon''', often called the '''Viper''', is a single-engine multi-role fighter jet airplane. The F-16 was created by General Dynamics (now Lockheed Martin) and operated by the United States Air Force and numerous other militaries. Despite the "F" (fighter) designation, it is designed for both air-to-air and air-to-ground missions and can use an array of weapons and sensors; built into the Viper is a 20mm cannon as well as a multifunction radar. The DCS F-16C models a Block 50 aircraft with the new F110-GE-129 engine and the Common Configuration Implementation Program (CCIP) avionics upgrade.<br />
<br />
=Weapons List=<br />
==Implemented==<br />
Partially or fully implemented weapons of the F-16C Viper:<br />
<br />
==Planned==<br />
Weapons not yet implemented into the Viper:<br />
<br />
* BDU-33, BDU-50LD/HD Training Bombs<br />
* Mk-82LDGP, Mk-82AIR, Mk-84LDGP LGB<br />
* CBU-87 CEM, CBU-97 SFW, CBU-103, CBU-105 Cluster Bombs<br />
* 2.75” LAU-68, LAU-131 Rockets<br />
* AIM-9L/M/P/X Sidewinder<br />
* AIM-120B/C AMRAAM<br />
* M61A1 20mm Cannon<br />
* AGM-65D/G/H/K Maverick<br />
* AGM-88C HARM<br />
* GBU-10, GBU-12, GBU-24<br />
* BRU-57/A<br />
* GBU-31/A, GBU-38/B JDAM<br />
* AGM-154A/B JSOW<br />
* ALE-50 Towed Decoy<br />
<br />
=HOTAS=<br />
----<br />
The Fighting Falcon's hands on throttle and stick (HOTAS) system is designed to allow the pilot to manipulate important avionics functions without releasing the hands from the throttle or control stick. This section will provide a summarized description of all HOTAS controls - detailed functionality will be described in other appropriate sections.<br />
<br />
==Control Stick==<br />
The control stick is a side-mounted stick used to manipulate the Flight Control System (FLCS), but also has numerous other HOTAS controls. The stick is mostly stationary and uses pressure sensitivity to be manipulated; it does, however, move a small physical distance.<br />
*'''Trim Switch:''' The Trim Switch commands pitch (up/down) and roll (left/right) trim to the FLCS.<br />
*'''Display Management Switch (DMS):''' The Display Management Switch (DMS) is used for avionics display manipulation and to assign the [[#Sensor of Interest|Sensor of Interest]].<br />
**'''Forward:''' Sensor of Interest assigned to HUD/HMCS<br />
**'''Aft:''' Sensor of Interest assigned and cycles between the left and right MFDs<br />
**'''Left:''' Cycles three configured quick access pages on the left MFD from right to left<br />
**'''Right:''' Cycles three configured quick access pages on the right MFD from left to right<br />
*'''Target Management Switch (TMS):''' The Target Management Switch (TMS) manipulates various sensors depending on what is the Sensor of Interest.<br />
**'''Forward'''<br />
***HUD SOI: When an A/G bomb is selected, designates SPI in DTOS/EO.<br />
***FCR SOI: Commands Spotlight mode in RWS mode or commands BORE scan in ACM<br />
***TGP SOI: Commands point track<br />
***WPN SOI: Commands track<br />
***HSD SOI: Designate active waypoint<br />
**'''Aft'''<br />
***HUD/FCR/WPN SOI: Target reject<br />
***HSD SOI: Drop<br />
**'''Left'''<br />
***FCR SOI: Expanded data<br />
***TGP/WPN SOI: Toggles seeker polarity<br />
**'''Right'''<br />
***FCR SOI: Steps bugged track in TWS or commands HUD scan in ACM<br />
***TGP SOI: Commands area track<br />
**'''Right, Long Press'''<br />
***FCR SOI: Toggles TWS and RWS mode<br />
<br />
=Flight Controls & Landing Gear=<br />
The F-16C has multiple flight control surfaces for maneuvering the aircraft. It has a "fly-by-wire" (FBW) system, which, opposed to a traditional mechanical or "direct" control system, the inputs given by the cockpit controls are inputted to a computer which then decides what controls to move in order to accomplish the desired maneuver. This computerized system is called the Flight Control System (FCS). The FCS also moves surfaces as a function of the angle of attack to provide the best control.<br />
<br />
The F-16C's primary flight controls are:<br />
<br />
* '''Stabilators (STAB):''' Two "stabilators" (stabilizer + elevator) located at the tail move on a single axis independently of one another to control both pitch and roll of the aircraft.<br />
* '''Ailerons (AIL):''' Two normal ailerons located on the outer area of the wings to control roll of the aircraft. They also both droop down to add lift.<br />
* '''Rudders (RUD):''' Two twin, inward-tilted rudders which move on a normal left/right axis to control yaw and are also be pointed inward as a schedule of AOA ("toe-in").<br />
* '''Leading Edge Flaps (LEF):''' Normal slats located on the leading (front) edge of the wings to add lift.<br />
* '''Trailing Edge Flaps (LEF):''' Normal flaps located on the trailing (back) edge of the wings to add lift.<br />
<br />
<br />
The control stick controls the stabilators, ailerons, and rudder and the rudder pedals control the rudder. The control stick mainly focuses on using force sensing for feedback, not to be confused for force feedback.<br />
<br />
=Digital Systems Overview=<br />
----<br />
The F-16's avionics are interfaced with via two Multifunction Displays (MFDs), the Integrated Control Panel (ICP), the Data Entry Display (DED), and the head-up display (HUD)/helmet mounted cueing system (HMCS). The [[#HOTAS|hands on throttle and stick]] (HOTAS) system of the aircraft is also used for manipulating these systems, which is detailed in its own section and the sections relevant to specific HOTAS uses.<br />
<br />
==Sensor of Interest==<br />
In the F-16, either the HUD/HMCS, the left MFD, or the right MFD is the designated Sensor of Interest, or "SOI." The SOI is used to dictate what HOTAS buttons do what function. The SOI is changed via the Display Management Switch (DMS) on the stick - forward will assign SOI to the HUD/HMCS while aft will cycle SOI between the left and right MFDs. If an MFD is SOI, a white border around it is displayed. If the HUD is SOI, an asterisk is put in the upper left corner.<br />
<br />
==Multifunction Displays==<br />
The F-16 has two Multifunction Displays (MFDs) on the left and right sides of the cockpit: each has 5 option select buttons (OSBs) on all four sides. The MFDs can display various software pages to manipulate the aircraft's avionics. Up to three pages per MFD can be selected on either MFD for quick access via pushbutton or HOTAS. These three pages always occupy the bottom center three pushbutton areas. In addition to these, a universal declutter (DCLT) button is provided, which will declutter the symbology depending on the page, and a SWAP button, which simply swaps the two MFD's quick access pages and selected page.<br />
<br />
Selecting any of the three pushbuttons once they have already been selected prompts the main page menu. Any page can then be selected and will be filled at that pushbutton. That page can then be selected by either pressing the corresponding pushbutton or using the Display Management Switch (DMS) on the stick, and it will be highlighted. TMS LEFT and RIGHT respectively cycle the three quick access pages on the left/right MFDs in an outward fashion.<br />
<br />
=Air-to-Air Radar=<br />
----<br />
The F-16C is equipped with the AN/APG-68 pulse Doppler radar. This section will cover its air-to-air (A/A) functionality for surveillance of aircraft and to provide A/A weapon systems guidance in engaging aerial targets. The A/A radar is accessed from the Fire Control Radar (FCR) page.<br />
<br />
==FCR Page Overview==<br />
The Fire Control Radar page is presented in an azimuth over range format with the aircraft at the bottom center of the display. The range axis is displayed in a vertical format, where higher range is higher on the physical MFD screen. Azimuth is horizontal, where something at the center of the display is directly in front of the ownship aircraft, and accordingly left/right of it when left/right of the display center.<br />
#'''Azimuth Caret''' - This vertical "T" shaped indication indicates the current location of the radar antenna with respect to azimuth (left/right) of the aircraft. The azimuth is usually centered on a bearing relative to the aircraft itself except when in Situational Awareness Mode (SAM) or Single Target Track (STT). The tick marks each indicates 10° azimuth, with the center tick being 0° (60° left/right is the physical maximum).<br />
#'''Elevation Caret''' - This horizontal "T" shape indicates the current vertical elevation of the radar with respect to the horizon. The radar elevation is always stabilized to the horizon. The elevation is shifted up and down via the Antenna Elevation Knob on the throttle and may also change automatically as a result of the bar setting.. Each blue tick mark indicates 10° above or below the horizon, with the middle tick being the horizon.<br />
#'''Bar Setting''' - The radar antenna may automatically change position after each azimuth sweep to scan multiple elevations or "bars." The bar number corresponds to the number of different elevations scanned. The first bar is always the manually set elevation with the Antenna Elevation Knob, while the second and fourth bars are automatic and based off the manual setting of the first bar.<br />
#'''Range Scale''' - The scale of the FCR page may be set with these two arrows. The number represents the maximum range it displays in nautical miles. This setting is only what the page displays; the radar will always scan to the farthest distance possible.<br />
#'''Acquisition Cursor''' - This is a cursor controlled with the Cursor/Enable Switch on the throttle, used for acquiring tracks and contacts into either Single Target Track or Situational Awareness Mode. Two numbers are displayed to the right indicating the maximum and minimum altitudes in thousands of feet the radar can see at the point the cursor is placed; this naturally changes with the elevation setting.<br />
<br />
==A/A Radar HUD Indications==</div>Siriushttps://wiki.hoggitworld.com/index.php?title=F-14A/B&diff=10671F-14A/B2019-10-02T01:56:27Z<p>Sirius: /* Manuals & Documents */</p>
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<br />
'''NOTE:''' This guide is currently under a work-in-progress (WIP) state. If you have any information pertaining to the topics or feedback, please relay them over to Sirius#0002 on Discord, or in the Hoggit Discord #wiki-discussion channel. Thanks!<br />
<br />
The Grumman '''F-14A/B''' Tomcat is a two-seat, twin-engine supersonic variable wing-sweep fighter aircraft. The F-14 was the first US fighter jet with twin tails and was the largest & heaviest US fighter to ever fly from an aircraft carrier. The reason that the F-14 was so incredibly large and heavy was that it carried the large AWG-9 radar and accompanying AIM-54 Phoenix (air-to-air) missiles: this very capable combination allowed the F-14 to make shots of up to 200 nautical miles at the bad guys. Also, being big means you can carry a lot of fuel!<br />
<br />
Of course, the practical range of the AWG-9 is rather more limited, especially if you are shooting at more maneuverable fighter-sized targets, but even at these closer ranges, the AIM-54 Phoenix is still a capable missile that should not be underestimated. The F-14 is also capable of carrying an array of air-to-ground weapons, such as dumb bombs in both high and low drag forms, air-to-ground Zuni rockets and even laser-guided bombs, which can be self-designated using the LANTIRN targeting pod on the F-14.<br />
<br />
Most people will recognize and adore the F-14 because of its stardom presence in that one weird volleyball movie from the '80s. Its on-screen presence in movies will make the F-14 to appear docile and easy to fly, but due to lack of a fly-by-wire the F-14 can be a real handful: it being a pilot's aircraft however makes it fun to fly and learn. The analogous nature of the F-14 (comparable to the F-5E II Tigershark) will give you a good knowledge of the airplane over time but requires a bit of a different mindset that the computerized flight of the F/A-18C and the F-15.<br />
<br />
__TOC__<br />
<br />
=Weapons List=<br />
----<br />
==Implemented==<br />
Partially or fully implemented weapons of the F14/A/B Tomcat:<br />
* M61 Vulcan Six-Barreled Gatling Gun<br />
* AIM-7M/F Sparrow<br />
* CAP/AIM-9M Sidewinder<br />
* AIM-54A Phoenix Mk. 60<br />
* AIM-54C Phoenix Mk. 47<br />
* Mk-81, 82, 83, and 84 <br />
* GBU-10, 12, 16, and 24 <br />
* MK-20 Rockeye<br />
* Zuni Rockets<br />
* BDU-33 Practice Bombs<br />
* ADM-141 TALD<br />
* LUU-2 Parachute Flare<br />
* Smokewinder<br />
* LANTIRN Pod<br />
* FPU-1 Fuel Tank<br />
<br />
==Planned==<br />
Weapons not yet implemented into the Tomcat:<br />
* TARPS Pod<br />
<br />
=Hands On Throttle And Stick (HOTAS)=<br />
----<br />
==Throttle==<br />
[[File:throttle.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The throttle of the F-14 Tomcat consists of 2 quadrants, both for the left and right engines. There is an afterburner detent along with a cutoff detent for maximum throttle and shutdown of the engine for each quadrant.<br />
<br />
The throttle has the following controls:<br />
# '''Speed Brake Switch:''' 2-position switch. "EXT" is a momentary and needed input position that extends the speed brake outward depending on the aircraft speed.<br />
# '''Wing Sweep Switch:''' 4-way hat switch. "AUTO" sets the wing to sweep automatically determined by an onboard computer, "BOMB" sets the wing to sweep in an angled position between fully extended and retracted and dependent on speed for the air-to-ground bombing.<br />
# '''PLM Button:''' multifunction button. When the steering command is in A2A mode, this acts as a pilot lock-on tool for the AWG-9 radar. But when used for landing and/or in the LDG steering command mode, this allows for disengagement of the ACLS.<br />
# '''CAGE/SEAM Button:''' multifunction button. When the steering command is in A2A mode, this allows for CAGE/SEAM lock-on of the AIM-9 Sidewinder. But when used for landing and/or in the LDG steering command mode, this allows for disengagement of the APC.<br />
# '''Exterior Light Switch:''' 2-position switch. Used to toggle the exterior lights of the aircraft.<br />
# '''ICS PTT Switch:''' 2-position switch. Acts as a push-to-talk system for the ICS system inside of the aircraft used between the Pilot and RIO. (or JESTER AI)<br />
<br />
==Control Stick==<br />
[[File:stick.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The control stick is located in the center of the cockpit, mounted onto the floor. Left and right movements of the control stick direct hydraulic movement to the spoilers and horizontal stabilizers of the aircraft. Forward and backward movement result to respectively the same but to the horizontal stabilizers.<br />
<br />
The control stick has the following controls:<br />
# '''Bomb Release Button:''' single-purpose button. When pressed in A2G steering command mode, all pylons selected with bombs will release respective of the ripple settings, type, and interval.<br />
# '''Trim Hat:''' 4-way hat switch. Upward movement moves the aircraft downward, and downward movement moves the aircraft upward. Both left and right movements follow to their directions according to their name.<br />
# '''Weapon Select Hat:''' 4-way hat switch. Bottom selection is OFF, and a ridge requires a momentary push action to move in/out of to GUN. Following all to the top are SW, then SP/PH which requires a momentary push action to switch between.<br />
# '''DLC & Maneuver Flap Command Wheel:''' scrollable dial. Moving it with the landing gears fully deployed acts as a variable control for spoiler extension. With the landing gears up, the dial also acts the same but for flaps and slats.<br />
# '''DLC Engage/Disengage & CMS Dispense Button:''' multifunction button. When pressed with the landing gears fully deployed, this controls the engagement and disengagement of the DLC system. But with the landing gears fully retracted, this allows for pilot control of the CMS system.<br />
# '''Autopilot Reference & NWS Button:''' multifunction button. When the aircraft is up in the air, this controls specific autopilot settings. But when the aircraft is on the ground, this controls the activation of the nosewheel steering system.<br />
# '''Autopilot Emergency Disengage Paddle:''' multifunction button. Disengages all autopilot modes and DLC and releases all autopilot switches and roll and pitch SAS switches to OFF position.<br />
# '''Weapon Firing Trigger:''' two-stage trigger switch. The first detent enables CTVS and gun camera. Second detent releases selected forwards firing the weapon.<br />
<br />
=Flight Controls & Landing Gear=<br />
----<br />
==Flight Controls==<br />
[[File:Wheels-flaps.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The F-14B has a large hydraulic system which covers for all of the control surfaces of the aircraft. Without the hydraulic system, or taking damage the controls are in risk of improperly working. The F-14 Tomcat was the last of its generation to have no integration of an FBW or FCS system, which was introduced with the F-15 Eagle.<br />
<br />
The F-14's primary flight controls are:<br />
* '''Left Spoilers (LES):''' A set of spoilers that lie within the left wing of the aircraft that help with aileron movement and control that react opposite of the intended direction.<br />
* '''Right Spoilers (RES):''' A set of spoilers that lie within the right wing of the aircraft that help with aileron movement and control that react opposite of the intended direction.<br />
* '''Tailerons (TAIL):''' Two horizontal stabilizers located on the rear end of the aircraft that control both pitch and aileron movement.<br />
* '''Leading Edge Flaps (LEF):''' Normal slats located on the leading (front) edge of the wings to add lift.<br />
* '''Trailing Edge Flaps (TEF):''' Normal flaps located on the trailing (back) edge of the wings to add lift.<br />
<br />
<br />
The control stick controls the stabilators, ailerons, and rudder and the rudder pedals control the rudder.<br />
<br />
===Flaps System===<br />
The aircraft's flap system provides more lift (and as a byproduct, drag). The flaps lever has two positions:<br />
* '''NONE:''' This applies no flap whatsoever to the wings of the aircraft.<br />
* '''FULL:''' This applies full movement of flaps to the wings of the aircraft.<br />
<br />
<br />
The flaps lever allows for variable movement, which gives the pilot the ability to control the amount of flap they wish for.<br />
<br />
===Speed Brake===<br />
The speed brake is a flap located on the end of the aircraft designed to provide drag to decelerate faster. It is activated via the speed brake switch on the throttle. The two positions are:<br />
* '''EXT:''' When the switch is moved aft, this extends the speed brake of the aircraft out depending on the airspeed.<br />
* '''RET:''' When the switch is moved forward, this retracts the speed brake.<br />
<br />
===Trim===<br />
The tailerons are capable of being trimmed to make roll and pitch corrections. This is accomplished with the trim hat on the controls stick. When the autopilot system is engaged, the onboard computer will attempt to make active trim movements in order to keep the aircraft within the specified attitude when set, along of the setting parameters. As speed is either gained or lost, the trim will actively move the stick as well along of the tailerons to adapt.<br />
<br />
===Wing Sweep===<br />
The wings of the aircraft are a variable-sweep design allowing for automatic or manual movements from pilot input on the right throttle quadrant. Similar to wing fold, the wings are able to be overswept from its maximum position through a master reset of the system in order to allow tighter space and closer parking on the carrier deck.<br />
<br />
==Landing Gear==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat has 3 retractable landing gears: the nose gear, the left gear, and the right gear. The gear is moved via the gear lever on the left side of the cockpit. In the up position, the gear will retract. In the down position, the gear will extend. The gear lever cannot be put up with weight on wheels. The gear will not retract with the launch bar extended.<br />
<br />
===Nosewheel Steering===<br />
The nose gear features nosewheel steering (NWS) controlled by the rudder pedals. With the weight off of the wheels, it is disengaged. It automatically engages upon there being the weight on wheels. NWS is disengaged manually via the button on the stick.<br />
<br />
===Launch Bar===<br />
On the front nosegear is a launch bar that attaches the airplane to a catapult from launches from an aircraft carrier. Its deployment is pilot-controlled, but it is connected to the catapult by the ground crew (DCS default binding is U).<br />
<br />
It is controlled via the launch bar switch on the left upper console. When the switch in the RETRACT position, the launch bar will retract, but physically cannot do so when connected to the catapult. The switch will move to the RETRACT position automatically when there is a weight off wheels. In the EXTEND position, the launch bar will extend if there is the weight on wheels.<br />
<br />
=Autopilot and Autothrottle=<br />
----<br />
The F-14 Tomcat has the ability to automate certain types of flight via its Automatic Flight Control System (AFCS) and Automatic Throttle Control (ATC). The AFCS, or simply the autopilot, control the flight surfaces and the ATC controls the throttles.<br />
<br />
==AFCS==<br />
[[File:afcs.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The Automatic Flight Control System (AFCS), or just the "autopilot", controls the aircraft's flight controls to automate maneuvering. It is interfaced on the autopilot panel via the A/P engage switch. On the autopilot panel, there are 7 modes able to be toggled:<br />
# '''Pitch Stabilizer Augmentation:''' 2-position switch. This switch controls the ability for the pitch to be augmented for dampening.<br />
# '''Roll Stabilizer Augmentation:''' 2-position switch. This switch controls the ability for the roll to be augmented for dampening.<br />
# '''Yaw Stabilizer Augmentation:''' 2-position switch. This switch controls the ability for the yaw to be augmented for dampening.<br />
# '''VEC/PCD/ACL Switch:''' 3-position switch. This switch controls the remote control modes of autopilot with the steering bars and ACLS.<br />
# '''ALT Switch:''' 2-position switch.' This switch controls the ability to maintain the current altitude when autopilot is engaged.<br />
# '''HDG/GT Switch:''' 3-position switch. This switch controls the ability to maintain the current heading when autopilot is engaged.<br />
# '''ENGAGE Switch:''' 2-position switch. This switch engages and disengages the autopilot.<br />
<br />
==ATC==<br />
The automatic throttle control (ATC), or just "autothrottle", controls the physical throttles and thereby automated thrust control. ATC is toggled via ATC engage/disengage switch next to the throttle. When the ATC is engaged, the physical means of the throttle quadrants will begin to move on their own. However, whenever the pilot makes any new movement to the throttle whatsoever, the ATC will disengage to allow pilot control over both of the engines. The ATC is primarily used for landing on a carrier along of the ACLS system.<br />
<br />
=Digital Systems Overview=<br />
----<br />
[[File:displays.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
==Pilot==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat comes with 2 digital display screens in the Pilot cockpit:<br />
* '''Vertical Display Indicator (VDI):''' a multifunction display that allows for the pilot to see their HUD in a form of a repeater, and the [[#Television Camera Set|TCS]].<br />
* '''Horizontal Situation Display Indicator (HSD):''' a multifunction display that allows for the pilot to see their virtual compass for navigation modes, and the [[#AWG-9 Pulse-Doppler Radar|AWG-9 Radar]] from the RIO TID as a repeater.<br />
<br />
===Heads Up Display===<br />
The head-up display (HUD) is a projected display at the front of the cockpit that serves as the primary flight instrument. It also provides various indications for weapon delivery; this section will cover the HUD's indications in NAV master mode. Master mode/weapon-specific indications on the HUD will be covered in the relevant section.<br />
<br />
====Reject Modes====<br />
Via the switches next to the TO button on the displays panel, you are able to "declutter" or remove information off of the HUD.<br />
<br />
==Radar Intercept Officer==<br />
The Radar Intercept Officer (RIO) comes with 3 digital display screens in the RIO cockpit:<br />
* '''Detail Data Display (DDD):''' a dual-purpose display that allows for the RIO to see contacts on the [[#AWG-9 Pulse-Doppler Radar|radar]], based on the range and radar mode.<br />
* '''Tactical Information Display (TID):''' a multi-purpose display that allows for the RIO to see their [[#AWG-9 Pulse-Doppler Radar|AWG-9]] situational awareness, [[#Television Camera Set|TCS]], [[#TARPS Pod|TARPS]] and [[#LANTIRN Targeting Pod|LANTIRN]] pods.<br />
* '''Horizontal Situation Display Indicator (HSD):''' a multi-purpose display as to the one in the pilot cockpit.<br />
<br />
==Master Modes==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat has 5 primarily modes for information displayed. The 5 master modes are:<br />
* '''TO:''' switch. Displays takeoff information on HUD and VDI for degrees.<br />
* '''CRUISE:''' single-purpose button. Displays in-air flight information on HUD and VDI for degrees.<br />
* '''A/A:''' single-purpose button. Displays air-to-air information on HUD and VDI for degrees; and weapon employment.<br />
* '''A/G:''' single-purpose button. Displays air-to-ground information on HUD and VDI for degrees; and weapon employment.<br />
* '''LDG:''' single-purpose button. Displays landing information on HUD and VDI for degrees.<br />
<br />
<br />
Additionally, the F-14 Tomcat has an Air Combat Maneuver (ACM) panel which controls all air-to-air and air-to-ground aspects for armament.<br />
<br />
=Navigation=<br />
----<br />
The F-14 Tomcat has an inertial navigation system (INS) that allows the pilot to navigate by internal gyros aligned. However, due to the fault of having no GPS assistance, these gyros slowly drift over time and cause misalignment for visual information.<br />
<br />
==HSD==<br />
[[File:Hsd.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The Horizontal Situation Display Indicator (HSD) is the primary interface with the airplane's navigation systems. The HSI can be accessed from the bottom display screen. The basic function of the HSI is a rotating compass with a looking-from-above perspective. The controls for this screen are:<br />
# '''BRT Control:''' dial. Controls the brightness of the HSD screen.<br />
# '''HDG Control:''' dial. Controls the heading reference in TACAN mode.<br />
# '''CRS Control:''' dial. Controls the course heading reference in MAN and TACAN modes.<br />
# '''Test Button:''' single-purpose button. Resets the HSD screen if overload protection activates.<br />
# '''BIT Indicator:''' light. Shows a white light if a failure produces in the HSD.<br />
<br />
=== Steering Commands ===<br />
The HSD comes with a set of 5 different steering commands, which each have their own purpose towards displaying certain information:<br />
* '''TACAN:''' single-purpose button. Displays information based off of a radio beacon with range and direction.<br />
* '''DEST:''' single-purpose button. Displays information off of a selected waypoint from the RIO with range and direction.<br />
* '''AWL/PCD:''' single-purpose button. Displays information off of an ICLS frequency with azimuth and elevation bars (on VDI and HUD)<br />
* '''VEC:''' single-purpose button. ? (needs more info.)<br />
* '''MAN:''' single-purpose button. Displays information off of an entered heading (HDG Control) with direction.<br />
<br />
==Waypoints==<br />
The F-14B comes with an onboard flight computer system that handles waypoint navigation during in-air flight. The navigation system in the F-14B Tomcat gives a variety of waypoint holders, along with information for a set home plate.<br />
<br />
===Pilot===<br />
For the F-14B pilot, the waypoint information is able to be accessed by the DEST steering command and by using the NAV HSD display mode.<br />
<br />
===Radar Intercept Officer===<br />
For the F-14B Radar Intercept Officer, (RIO) the waypoints must be manually assigned by the RIO through the Computer Address Panel (CAP) system under the TAC DATA category. Once done, the waypoint must be selected through the CAP and entered in with coordinates similar to how INS alignment procedures are done.<br />
<br />
==TACAN==<br />
Tactical Air Navigation (TACAN) is a military radio navigation system. A TACAN beacon allows for an aircraft to determine its bearing and range from it, and using this information can navigate. TACAN's may be ground-based or be broadcasted by an airplane. TACAN channels have two bands, X and Y, and range from 1-126. 2 TACAN channels may be set present in the aircraft by both the Pilot and RIO for simultaneous use.<br />
<br />
The TACAN setting knobs give a range of these options:<br />
*'''T/R:''' Transmit and receive. Gets bearing and range from the TACAN.<br />
*'''RCV:''' Receive. Gets bearing from the TACAN.<br />
*'''A/A:''' Air-to-air TACAN mode.<br />
*'''X:''' Tunes the selected frequency on the X band.<br />
*'''Y:''' Tunes the selected frequency on the Y band.<br />
<br />
==ICLS==<br />
For night and low visibility operations, aircraft carriers have an Instrument Carrier Landing System (ICLS) to allow for instrument approaches to the carrier. ICLS provides horizontal and vertical guidance. The F-14 is equipped with ICLS.<br />
<br />
To activate the airplane's ICLS antenna, an ICLS dial is present to the right of the warning lights advisory panel, with an ARA on/off switch, used to toggle power to the system.<br />
<br />
When ILS is selected on the HSI, two bars, one horizontal and one vertical, appear near the velocity vector on the HUD. These indicate a vertical and horizontal deviation from the optimal glideslope (3°) and course to the deck. When they are both aligned with the velocity vector (making a "+"), the aircraft is on course.<br />
<br />
==ACLS==<br />
For CAT III conditions and poor visibility, the F-14 is equipped with the Automatic Carrier Landing System (ACLS) to allow an automatic flight to the carrier via. a radio-guided input from a Landing Signal Officer. (LSO) The auto-throttle and autopilot systems must be engaged and present during the time of activation with this system, along with lights given to the left of the VDI display.<br />
<br />
Datalink is required between the aircraft and the carrier in order for ACLS to work. When the best position of the azimuth and glideslope bars are within parameters, the nosewheel steering button is pressed in order to engage guidance.<br />
<br />
==Navigation Failures==<br />
The F-14B has a variety of navigation failures that may/can occur, including methods to fix them.<br />
<br />
===Navigation Fix Update===<br />
An error of latitude or longitude in the computer position of the aircraft can be corrected by a navigation fix update. Updating is especially important in the backup modes (AHRS AM and IMU/ AM) because of the estimated winds and magnetic variation changes. A nav fix is done via a ground-reference-point (latitude and longitude) position. The range and bearing of this position to the present aircraft position are used to update or correct existing values. The nav system may be updated by either a radar fix, a TACAN fix, or a visual fix.<br />
<br />
Before performing a nav fix, the latitude and longitude of the desired update point (radar, TACAN, or visual) must be stored in one of eight navigation point locations (three WPs, FIX PT, HOME BASE, HOST AREA, DEF PT, and IP). This data can be stored prior to flight by data link or by manual insertion. Then follow these steps:<br />
<br />
# Hook the Waypoint you choose to select for the nav fix.<br />
# Check the stored latitude and longitude on the TID.<br />
# Rotate the CATEGORY switch to NAV and select the desired type of update.<br />
<br />
<br />
Note that updating the position while in INS, and to a lesser degree while in IMU, can introduce a greater navigational position error than already present, in particular, if radar fix is used to update the nav system. Updates with a visual or TACAN fix provide reasonable accuracy (assuming a good MAG VAR during TACAN updates). Updating your nav system via a nav fix should be primarily used in the AHRS mode.<br />
<br />
===Radar Fix Update===<br />
An RDR FIX may be selected before or after positioning the DDD cursors. If the RDR FIX button is depressed, the computer computes the present position of the aircraft by measuring the range and bearing from the selected point. The delta between the computer position and the position determined by the INS is then displayed on the TID. If the entry of this delta into the navigation computations is desired, press the FIX ENABLE button. If the delta does not appear to be correct, the computer and the readout can be cleared by pressing the RDR FIX button. The fix may then be attempted again. The RIO should also perform periodic checks of own aircraft system altitude and update the altitude if necessary.<br />
<br />
Radar updating is performed as follows:<br />
<br />
# TID CURSOR/CAP - Hook Desired Navigation Point for Update.<br />
# PULSE SRCH button - Depress.<br />
# On sensor control panel: STAB switch - IN. EL BARS switch - 1. AZ SCAN switch - As Desired.<br />
# RDR FIX button - Depress.<br />
# DDD CURSOR button - Depress.<br />
# Action switch - Half Action (first detent).<br />
# Cursor is displayed on DDD.<br />
# Manipulate hand control DDD cursor over desired ground map point.<br />
# Action switch - Full Action and Release. (This will cause the DDD cursor to remain at the selected position.<br />
# Observe the delta for LAT and LONG on TID.<br />
# If readouts are unsatisfactory, deselect RDR FIX and repeat steps 4 through 12.<br />
# FIX ENABLE button - Depress.<br />
<br />
===TACAN Update===<br />
To perform a nav fix by TACAN requires that a restored waypoint shares identical LAT and LONG values with the TACAN station that will be used for the fix. Select the TACAN channel for the desired station and verify by listening to the coded identifier tone in the headset.<br />
<br />
Press the TACAN FIX button to update the aircraft position from a TACAN station. The WCS computer then calculates the own aircraft position error based on the range and bearing from the TACAN station. The delta is then entered in the same manner as with a radar fix.<br />
<br />
Perform a TACAN fix following these steps:<br />
<br />
# Select a TACAN channel whose latitude and longitude correspond to an update point.<br />
# Hook desired update point (WAYPT 1, FIX PT, HOME BASE, etc.).<br />
# CATEGORY switch - NAV.<br />
# TACAN FIX button - Depress.<br />
# Observe present position delta readout.<br />
# If delta is unsatisfactory, deselect TACAN FIX and repeat steps 2 through 7.<br />
# FIX ENABLE button - Depress.<br />
<br />
===Visual Update===<br />
To perform a visual fix, fly over a restored waypoint and press the VIS FIX button. Estimate your timing, because the aircraft nose and fuselage can obscure the fixed point during an overflight. It is also difficult to estimate when directly overhead a waypoint if the aircraft altitude is greater than 10.000 feet. The delta for the visual fix is displayed on the TID. Enter the delta by pressing FIX ENABLE.<br />
<br />
To perform a visual fix use the following steps:<br />
<br />
# Hook desired update point (WAY PT, HB, IP, etc.).<br />
# Select NAV category on CAP.<br />
# Overfly the selected restored point and when over the point, depress the VIS FIX button on the cap.<br />
# If the delta is not satisfactory, press VIS FIX again to clear the delta and repeat from step 1.<br />
# If a satisfactory delta is displayed, depress the FIX ENABLE button; this causes the delta correction of own-aircraft position to be inserted into the computer.<br />
<br />
===Datalink Update===<br />
To perform a data link update of the aircraft INS to the TDS frame of reference, the aircraft and TDS must share a prebriefed waypoint, identical in latitude and longitude. Enter this LAT/LONG data into the HOST AREA pseudo target file. The TDS will uplink the common reference point as a data link waypoint. When the aircraft and TDS INS systems agree, the data link waypoint and host area symbols will be superimposed on the TID. If they drift apart, the two pseudo targets on the TID will drift as well.<br />
<br />
To perform an update via data link, use the following steps:<br />
<br />
# Hook data link waypoint corresponding prebriefed reference point.<br />
# Select NAV category on CAP.<br />
# Overfly the hooked data link waypoint. When immediately over the point, press VIS FIX button on CAP.<br />
# Observe delta LAT and LONG on TID.<br />
# If deltas are satisfactory and update is desired, depress FIX ENABLE.<br />
# After a data link update, HOST AREA and data link waypoint should be superimposed on the TID again.<br />
<br />
===Fighter-to-Fighter Navigation Update===<br />
Net aircraft that use fighter-to-fighter data link can update their navigation system in the FF/DL mode. To update LAT/LONG hook the net aircraft symbol of an aircraft that is in close proximity and select F/F NAV UPDATE on the CAP. This will enter the hooked aircraft’s coordinates into the INS as own-aircraft coordinates. To update the nav system on an aircraft that is not close, first obtain a radar STT on that aircraft, hook the STT-ed aircraft on the TID and then press F/F NAV UPDATE on the CAP.<br />
<br />
=Defensive Systems=<br />
----<br />
The F-14B is equipped with various defensive systems: the AN/ALE-39 Countermeasure Dispensing System (CMDS), for the release of chaff and flares, the AN/ALQ-126 Deception ECM (DECM), for jamming enemy radar, and the AN/ALR-67 Radar Warning Reciever (RWR), for detection of enemy radar emitters and missile launches.<br />
<br />
==AN/ALR-67 RWR==<br />
[[File:alr-67.png|thumb|400px]]<br />
The AN/ALR-67 Radar Warning Receiver (RWR) provides the Hornet the ability to detect radars via the radio/microwave radiation they emit.<br />
<br />
===Audio Tones===<br />
Accompanying the RWR are various audio feedback tones:<br />
*'''Single Beep:''' A new ground- or sea-based emitter has been detected.<br />
*'''Double Beep:''' A new airborne emitter has been detected.<br />
*'''Repeating Beep:''' An emitter is tracking.<br />
*'''Faster Repeating Beep:''' An emitter is guiding a missile or is a missile.<br />
<br />
<br />
On the RWR gauge, the RWR knob will control the volume of the RWR tones.<br />
<br />
===Emitter Identifiers===<br />
''This list is, at present, not complete.''<br />
{|class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"<br />
!Type<br />
!RWR ID<br />
|-<br />
|U<br />
|Unknown<br />
|-<br />
|M<br />
|Active radar-homing missile<br />
|-<br />
|S<br />
|Search radar<br />
|-<br />
|3<br />
|SA-3 "Goa"<br />
|-<br />
|6<br />
|SA-6 "Gainful"<br />
|-<br />
|8<br />
|SA-8 "Gecko"<br />
|-<br />
|10<br />
|SA-10 "Grumble"<br />
|-<br />
|11<br />
|SA-11 "Gadfly"<br />
|-<br />
|11<br />
|F-111 Aardvark<br />
|-<br />
|12<br />
|SA-12 "Gladiator"<br />
|-<br />
|13<br />
|SA-13 "Gopher"<br />
|-<br />
|13<br />
|C-130 Hercules<br />
|-<br />
|14<br />
|F-14 Tomcat<br />
|-<br />
|15<br />
|F-15 Eagle<br />
|-<br />
|15 <br />
|SA-15 "Gauntlet"<br />
|-<br />
|16<br />
|F-16 Fighting Falcon<br />
|-<br />
|17<br />
|C-17 Globemaster III<br />
|-<br />
|18<br />
|F/A-18 Hornet<br />
|-<br />
|22<br />
|Tu-22 "Blinder"<br />
|-<br />
|23<br />
|MiG-23 "Flogger"<br />
|-<br />
|24<br />
|Su-24 "Fencer"<br />
|-<br />
|25<br />
|MiG-25 "Foxbat"<br />
|-<br />
|29<br />
|MiG-29 "Fulcrum"<br />
|-<br />
|29<br />
|Su-27 "Flanker"<br />
|-<br />
|29<br />
|Su-33 "Flanker-D"<br />
|-<br />
|30<br />
|Su-30 "Flanker-C"<br />
|-<br />
|31<br />
|MiG-31 "Foxhound"<br />
|-<br />
|34<br />
|Su-34 "Fullback"<br />
|-<br />
|39<br />
|Su-25M "Frogfoot"<br />
|-<br />
|40<br />
|''Spruance''-class destroyer<br />
|-<br />
|48<br />
|''Nimitz''-class carrier<br />
|-<br />
|49<br />
|''Oliver Hazard Perry''-class frigate<br />
|-<br />
|50<br />
|A-50 "Mainstay"<br />
|-<br />
|52<br />
|B-52 Stratofortress<br />
|-<br />
|76<br />
|IL-76 "Candid"<br />
|-<br />
|78<br />
|IL-78 "Midas"<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==AN/ALE-39 CMDS==<br />
[[File:f14 cms.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The AN/ALE-39 is the countermeasures dispensing set installed in the F-14B in this simulation. It controls its own set of launchers located between the engine nozzles on the underside of the so-called beaver-tail. The launchers each have two sections, one containing 10 cartridges and the other 20. They are referred to the left and right dispensers even though the left is really the front one and the right the back one with both being mounted inline on the left side of the tailhook. This is a remnant from the earliest model F-14s carrying the AN/ALE-29.<br />
<br />
This all sums up to a capacity of 60 cartridges in the system with each section necessarily holding one type of cartridges meaning that any combination of cartridges is possible as long as each type’s quantity is a multiple of 10. The system itself has no real knowledge of what is loaded where so incorrectly programming the system can lead to the wrong type of cartridge being ejected.<br />
<br />
===Cockpit Controls===<br />
The system itself can be operated manually from the control panel in the RIO pit or the DLC thumbwheel on the pilot stick when the flaps lever is in the up position. It is also capable of running programmed sequences of ejection which in turn can be initiated manually by the RIO from the control panel or the direction hats mounted on the handhold over the DDD. In addition, the AN/ALR-67 can also initiate the chaff ejection program if set up correctly on the AN/ALE-39 control panel.<br />
<br />
==AN/ALQ-126 DECM==<br />
The AN/ALQ-126 deception jammer is designed to detect radar threats, analyze them, select the optimum countermeasure technique available and apply it. Available techniques for jamming are amongst others, main lobe blanking, inverse con-scan, range-gate pull-off and swept square modes. In DCS this is modeled as a simple noise jammer due to engine limitations but controlled by the DECM logic as to when it’s on or off.<br />
<br />
===Cockpit Controls===<br />
The controls for the AN/ALQ-126 DECM are all located on the right horizontal panel in the RIO pit, the panel as the image above. In addition, there are two indication lights co-located with the RWR threat indicators on the right side of the TID. The mode selector knob controls power and operational mode that the system is in. The modes for the DECM are as follows:<br />
<br />
* '''OFF:''' turns off power to the system. STBY begins pre-warming of the system, taking in all-around 5 minutes.<br />
* '''TEST HOLD 3 SEC:''' is used to prepare the system for BIT, after 3 seconds in this mode, turn the knob to TEST - ACT.<br />
* '''TEST ACT:''' starts the BIT in the system. The BIT takes approximately 30 seconds and the RCV light will be illuminated the whole time while the XMIT light will flash twice. If the STANDBY light illuminates it indicates that a no-go condition exists in the system.<br />
* '''REC:''' enables the system to receive the only mode, enabling analyzation of threats and also the threat audio.<br />
* '''RPT:''' enables full system functionality, in addition to REC it also now tries to jam threats according to the selected method.<br />
<br />
=Television Camera Set=<br />
----<br />
[[File:tcs_symbology.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The F-14B is outfitted with the ALQ-100 Television Camera Set (TCS) pod, used for visually identifying aircraft during the time of which IFF was not a trusted/more inferior method to confirming hostile aircraft and to keep track of their position, as well as their living status.<br />
<br />
==Symbology==<br />
On the TID, in non-TV mode, a TCS track is indicated by a 1.5” strobe at TCS LOS azimuth with a hollow circle at the end.<br />
<br />
The symbology on the video feed from the TCS has indicators for the FOV and two crosshairs indicating TCS LOS relative own aircraft, GACH, and AN/AWG-9 radar LOS relative TCS LOS, RACH. Additionally, the track window is indicated by 4 small squares representing each corner of that window.<br />
<br />
The gimbal angle crosshairs or GACH, which is a solid cross, indicate deflection of the TCS LOS from the aircraft datum line, ADL. GACH crosshair in the center indicates TCS LOS along ADL and deflection towards the edges indicate deflection towards the gimbal limits with the video edges being maximum deflection.<br />
<br />
RACH or radar angle crosshairs, a dashed crosshair, indicate radar antenna LOS when inside the current TCS FOV. When the sensors slave to one another RACH and GACH will coincide creating a single solid crosshair.<br />
<br />
The track window indicates the area that the TCS contrast tracker is currently locked on to if it has acquired a target. When not in an active track these squares collapse into the center of the display being 2% of the screen width when in manual mode and 5% when in an auto mode.<br />
<br />
=LANTIRN Targeting Pod=<br />
----<br />
[[File:flir.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The F-14B can carry the AN/AAQ-14 Low Altitude Navigation and Targeting Infrared For Night (LANTIRN) targeting pod. This pod consists of a Forward-Looking Infrared (FLIR) camera (which also includes a digital charged coupled device camera) for target locating and observing, a Laser Target Designator/Ranger for firing a laser that both designates targets for laser-homing weapons and gathers ranging information for designating whatever the FLIR is pointed at as an air-to-ground, and a Laser Spot Tracker (LST) which can search for and track a laser, allowing for the FLIR to be cued onto an offboard (ground or air-designated) laser from another unit and then designate a Target off said point; this allows for most effective buddy-lasing. The targeting pod can be used in both air-to-ground and air-to-air functions, but the LTD/R and LST are only used for A/G operation.<br />
<br />
==Symbology==<br />
The following areas on the LANTIRN are to represent:<br />
# '''A/C Position Data:''' Displays aircraft LAT/LON, altitude, and groundspeed information.<br />
# '''LANTIRN Polarity:''' Displays white or hot background. AGC is for automatic gain control, MGC is for manual gain control.<br />
# '''LANTIRN Information:''' Gives general information on the pod. SR is for slant range, AZ/EL for azimuth/elevation of sight, and rest is UTC time.<br />
# '''LANTIRN Track Mode:''' Displays the current tracking mode. A/A is for air-to-air, A/G is for air-to-ground. Right side is for current selected weapon.<br />
# '''Track Data:''' Displays information of LAT/LON and altitude of where the sight is at.<br />
# '''Track:''' Displays the hairs for point and area track, and what the sight is directly pointed at.<br />
# '''Launch Envelopes:''' The top tape is for the heading relative of the aircraft to the track. The right side tape is for the release point.<br />
<br />
=TARPS Pod=<br />
----<br />
Not yet implemented.<br />
<br />
=Air-to-Air Radar=<br />
----<br />
==Detail Data Display==<br />
[[File:f14 ddd.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
Among the 3 digital displays, the Detail Data Display gives the RIO information about contacts from the AWG-9 radar in terms of range and radar mode, with respect to the notch filter.<br />
<br />
===Notch Filter===<br />
The AWG-9 radar in the F-14B Tomcat has a notch filter when using the pulse-doppler radar modes under certain conditions. These conditions include, but are not limited to:<br />
<br />
* ~100 knot difference of the aircraft relative to contact<br />
* Contact flying 90 degrees perpendicular CW/CCW to aircraft<br />
* Masking with ground terrain scan return<br />
<br />
<br />
There is a rough line shown in the radar modes, likewise of the jamming lobe, for when considering the notch filter that the contact will disappear from.<br />
<br />
==Tactical Information Display==<br />
[[File:f14 tid.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The Tactical Information Display (TID) gives the RIO of the F-14B the main information on the AWG-9 radar, including situational awareness, range, altitude, and contact heading.<br />
<br />
===Display Modes===<br />
The TID comes with a total of 8 display modes available, that can be toggled either on or off for purposes of gathering more information or decluttering:<br />
<br />
* '''RID DISABLE:''' ? needs more info. Not yet implemented.<br />
* '''ALT NUM:''' Displays the altitude of contact with a singular digit rounded to the nearest thousand.<br />
* '''SYM ELEM:''' Displays the symbology of contacts corresponding to HAFU.<br />
* '''DATA LINK:''' Displays contacts from the datalink frequency.<br />
* '''JAM STROBE:''' Displays the jamming strobes. Not yet implemented.<br />
* '''NON-ATTK:''' Displays determined (manual IFF or datalink) HAFU of friendly contacts.<br />
* '''VEL VECTOR:''' Displays the velocity vectors of contacts.<br />
* '''LAUNCH ZONE:''' Displays contact approximate missile launch zones.<br />
<br />
==AN/AWG-9 Radar==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat is equipped with the AN/AWG-9 all-weather and pulse-doppler radar. It is a very long-range radar used for the main purpose of intercept.<br />
<br />
===Radar Modes===<br />
The AWG-9 in the F-14B comes with 2 types of radar modes: doppler and pulse-doppler search. Of those two, subsets are able to be observed as 5 in this list:<br />
<br />
* '''PD SRCH:''' Pulse-Doppler Search mode. No bias factor of the radar, but impedes to pulse-doppler methods.<br />
* '''PD STT:''' Pulse-Doppler Single Target Track mode. By default upon acquiring a lock with the AWG-9, the radar will move to this function mode. It is currently suspectable to the notch filter.<br />
* '''RWS:''' Range While Search mode. The radar will prioritize the range of targets but not other factors. Falls under pulse-doppler.<br />
* '''TWS MAN:''' Track While Scan - Manual mode. The radar will prioritize the situational awareness of other targets but not give information on every target. The radar will also prioritize targets by threat importance.<br />
* '''TWS AUTO:''' Track While Scan - Auto mode. The radar will perform the same as TWS Man, but the elevation and azimuth controls will be automated in the process for an optimal scan.<br />
* '''PULSE SRCH:''' Pulse Search mode. No bias factor of the radar and can not be impeded to the notch filter, unlike the pulse-doppler method. The radar will, however, output a return of everything that is scanned and requires tuning.<br />
* '''PULSE STT:''' Pulse Single Target Track mode. Performing similarly to Pulse Search mode, this function mode applies to only a single target and is not suspectable to the notch filter.<br />
<br />
====Pulse-Doppler Search Mode====<br />
[[File:f14 pulsedoppler.png|thumb|350px]]<br />
The pulse-doppler search mode is used mainly as a kind of early warning mode. It is the search mode with the greatest detection range but it can display no range to the RIO, only closure rate. For this reason, the TID can display no track information.<br />
<br />
====Pulse-Doppler STT Mode====<br />
[[File:f14 pdstt.png|thumb|350px]]<br />
The pulse-doppler STT works and looks much like the pulse STT mode. It does, however, have the same advantages and disadvantages compared to pulse STT as the other pulse-doppler modes compared to the pulse modes. This means that while much better at tracking a target close to the ground it is however vulnerable to notching.<br />
<br />
The DDD display for pulse-doppler STT looks like pulse STT display except that the target return and antenna azimuth display are moved to the left side of the screen and a generated synthetic target marker is displayed at the correct azimuth instead. This is so that the targets range can be displayed by the synthetic target, unlike the other pulse-doppler modes which only shows closure rate. The other symbology on the DDD in this mode are the same as in pulse STT.<br />
<br />
====Range While Search Mode====<br />
In range while search, a frequency measuring ranging mode is added (FM ranging) to allow the radar to measure the range of tracked targets in addition to closure rate. This additional processing does, however, mean that the effective range of the radar is somewhat lesser. The display on the DDD is the same as in pulse-doppler search, the TID however also shows tracks in this mode showing the targets as tracks momentarily as they’re scanned and displaying their position and altitude. <br />
<br />
The targets are shown for a maximum of two seconds or until the antenna again scans the same bar at the same azimuth at which time it is removed unless detected again. The maximum number of concurrently shown tracks are 48.<br />
<br />
====TWS Manual Mode====<br />
The track, while scan mode uses the same FM ranging as RWS with the same reduction in range compared to pulse-doppler search and the DDD display, is also the same. The main difference that the computer establishes track files and tracks up to 24 targets concurrently of which 18 can be shown on the TID at any given time.<br />
<br />
As the computer routine calculating these tracks need a set track refresh time of 2 seconds this limits available azimuth scan area and bar settings to either 20° 4 bars or 40° 2 bars. When entering TWS the computer automatically selects the ±20° 4 bar scan disregarding the RIO set scan volumes unless those are set to ±40° 2 bars in which case that is used instead.<br />
<br />
The TWS mode is also the only mode enabling guidance of the AIM-54 at multiple targets (up to six), and as soon as engageable targets are detected the computer starts assigning them a missile priority number according to optimal missile firing sequence.<br />
<br />
====TWS Auto Mode====<br />
Performing similarly to TWS Man mode, what differs between the two is that in TWS auto the computer takes control of used scan volume and scan pattern azimuth and elevation as soon as target tracks are present. The WCS computer automatically tries to optimize the scan volume and direction so that tracking of the prioritized targets is maximized. If not selected before launch the WCS overrides as soon as the first AIM-54 is launched and selects TWS Auto.<br />
<br />
====Pulse Search Mode====<br />
[[File:f14 pulse.png|thumb|350px]]<br />
Pulse search is used to search for and find airborne targets at range. It is possible to use this radar mode as a basic ground mapper as well which can be useful for navigation and navigational fixes and can also be used in a pinch to detect larger surface targets like ships. Keep in mind though that the radar is not built with this as its main function and that a real air-to-ground radar will outperform it handily.<br />
<br />
In this mode, the radar cannot by itself differentiate targets and generate tracks meaning that the WCS will not generate track files and display anything on the TID. This also means that pulse search is not capable of guiding missiles.<br />
<br />
====Pulse STT Mode====<br />
[[File:f14 pstt.png|thumb|350px]]<br />
Pulse STT is used to track a single target, like pulse search mode it is not susceptible to notching but it is to ground clutter. The fact that the STT modes use gates to track the target, in this case, range gates, means that it is less susceptible to ground clutter but a target close enough to the ground that the ground return enters the range gates would be likely to shake the lock.<br />
<br />
As it is only in the pulse-doppler modes that the missile guidance commands can be sent pulse STT is limited to launching AIM-7s in CW mode and AIM-54s in an active launch mode limiting their ranges. At short ranges, ACM ranges, it is possible to use the ASPECT switch to set what aspect of the target to track, this is just to counter different types of countermeasures. As an example, if set to NOSE the radar will be less susceptible to chaff as the radar weights its track towards the targets leading-edge (nose) away from the chaff being launched behind the target.<br />
<br />
A successful track is indicated by the ANT TRK and RDROT indicator lights on the DDD, meaning that the antenna is tracking the target and that the target is within the range gates. If the target is jamming with sufficient strength, negating a range track, the radar will transition to a jam angle track instead, indicated by the JAT indicator light on the DDD illuminating instead of the RDROT. When range tracking is again possible at closer ranges the radar will transition to that instead.<br />
<br />
The DDD in this mode will be similar to the pulse search mode but the antenna will be locked onto the target and not scan. Additionally, the DDD will show the range gates around the target, a closing rate symbol at the right scale and applicable attack symbology if a valid missile is selected.<br />
<br />
===Anti-Jamming Modes===<br />
Not yet implemented.<br />
<br />
===AN/APX-76 IFF Interrogator===<br />
The AN/APX-76 IFF (Identification Friend or Foe) interrogator is integrated into the AN/AWG-9 operation. Then interrogator antenna itself is located on the AN/AWG-9 antenna gimbal platform. An IFF system works by sending out an interrogation pulse and then listening for returns from cooperating transponders. In addition to the unencrypted civilian mode the AN/APX-76 is capable of interrogating in the encrypted military mode 4. This ensures that targets replying to mode 4 interrogations are indeed friendly. The AN/APX-76 can be used both in search radar modes and in STT radar modes. To enable interrogation the IFF switch is depressed on the Detail Data Display Panel which then activates the interrogator for as long as the button is held up to 10 seconds max.<br />
<br />
When enabled IFF received IFF returns are then overlaid on the normal AN/AWG-9 radar returns on the DDD. A friendly target will be indicated with two bars, one above and one below the normal radar return. As the AN/APX-76 is a separate radar, secondary mode, radar apart from the AWG-9 the IFF can sometimes also detect targets not detected by the AWG-9. In this case the IFF return will not have a radar echo inside it. In the search mode this is overlaid over each target replying and in STT over the STT target. Additionally, if the STT target is hooked on the TID the DDD will switch from normal range display to a ±10 NM display to enable display of multiple returns in case of closely grouped targets.<br />
<br />
==HAFU/Datalink==<br />
[[File:HAFU.png|right|80px]]<br />
Hostile, Ambiguous, Friendly or Unknown (HAFU) is a symbology system used by the F/A-18 to represent trackfiles; specifically, to show its status as a friendly or hostile. It is usually what trackfiles are displayed as across the software.<br />
<br />
There are four HAFU symbols:<br />
*'''Triangle:''' Hostile (red when colored)<br />
*'''Thick Staple:''' Ambiguous (yellow when colored)<br />
*'''Half-Circle:''' Friendly (green when colored)<br />
*'''Thin Staple:''' Unknown (yellow when colored)<br />
<br />
<br />
All types except ambiguous can be manually assigned via the [[#SA Format|Situational Awareness]] format. Tracks will also be automatically identified as explained below.<br />
<br />
A hostile HAFU will be assigned whenever:<br />
* A negative IFF response is returned, and<br />
** An NCTR print returns with an aircraft type that is on the hostile coalition; or<br />
** A SURV (surveillance, like an AWACS) source over datalink also marks it hostile; or<br />
** A F/F (fighter-fighter, like another F/A-18) source over datalink also marks it hostile.<br />
<br />
<br />
An ambiguous HAFU will be assigned when the aircraft and a donor have conflicting identifications (friendly and hostile).<br />
<br />
A friendly HAFU will be assigned whenever an IFF interrogation returns as friendly or the track itself is contributed to by the Precise Participant Location and Identification (PPLI) system.<br />
<br />
An unknown HAFU will be assigned by default until it is updated by meeting one of the requirements above.<br />
<br />
=Air-to-Air Weapons=<br />
----<br />
This area will cover over all the different air-to-air weapons brought with the F-14B Tomcat.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Air Gun==<br />
[[File:f14 gun aa.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
''Using Real-Time mode.''<br />
<br />
The F-14 Tomcat is outfitted with the M61A1 Vulcan 6-barreled Gatling cannon, being able to hold up a maximum of 675 rounds internally.<br />
<br />
===Gun Rates===<br />
The cannon offers 2 modes of combat in the F-14B: <br />
<br />
* '''LOW:''' mode which slows down the muzzle rate, used for Air-to-Ground.<br />
* '''HIGH:''' mode which is to be used for Basic Fighter Maneuvering. (BFM)<br />
<br />
===Gun Modes===<br />
The cannon for Air-to-Air mode is able to be placed into 2 following positions:<br />
<br />
* '''Manual:''' this mode is able to be selected by depressing the CAGE/SEAM button, which will then only display the pipper and ammo count.<br />
* '''Real-Time:''' this mode is the regular, default mode. Along with a radar lock, the pipper will calculate to be accurate when directed to the diamond contact box. This will also give a closure rate towards the contact and the range relative to the aircraft.<br />
<br />
===Symbology===<br />
<br />
The symbology for the cannon is displayed on the HUD with the weapon master selector in the GUN position, and display in A/A. By default, the gun rounds indicator will be displayed as 0 for rounds per 100. Located next to the display panel to the right is the gun ammo counter. Additionally, the gunsight elevation is also able to be adjusted underneath the steer commands on the display panel.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Air Missiles==<br />
===Missile Preparation===<br />
Missile preparation in the F-14B Tomcat is started by moving the master arm switch on the ACM panel underneath the HUD to ON. This is then followed by pressing the MSL PREP and SW COOL buttons to be ON, depending on the armament type.<br />
<br />
===AIM-54 Phoenix===<br />
The AIM-54 is a long-range, semi-active radar missile for Air-to-Air use. The F-14 was the only aircraft to carry it in service and was used to take down Soviet bombers. However, it is able to be used on fighters as well. The AIM-54 comes with a proximity fuse and missile gate suite for non-direct contact explosions and radar tracking methods. <br />
<br />
Upon the launch of the missile, active input from the AN/AWG-9 radar is used to guide itself towards the contact. When reaching pitbull range (~20 nmi.) the missile will then use the radar in itself and steer until impact. <br />
<br />
The time until impact will be calculated during the whole flight of the missile after the launch sequence on the TID as a seconds counter next to the contact.<br />
<br />
====Missile Variants====<br />
The AIM-54 for the F-14 in DCS is not only just 1 variant but 2 provided for the aircraft:<br />
<br />
* '''AIM-54A Mk.60:''' The A variant Mk.60 is a specific version of the AIM-54 Phoenix which utilizes burn time and speed over agility and smoke. The Mk.60 is able to be fired from at most ~100 nmi. under optimal conditions, factoring altitude, kinetic airspeed, contact airspeed, and altitude. The recommended firing distance of the variant, however, is ~45 nmi.<br />
* '''AIM-54C Mk.47:''' The C variant Mk.47 is a later upgrade to the missile that utilizes agility and smoke over burn time and speed. While the C variant provides a no-smoke solution, it lacks the favoring of speed and distance. Under optimal conditions similar to the A, this missile variant is best at ~60 nmi. The recommended distance to contact for firing is ~30 nmi.<br />
<br />
====Launch Modes====<br />
The main seeker in the AIM-54 is able to be fired through 3 launch modes in according:<br />
<br />
# '''Semi-active Radar Homing (SARH):''' In the first stage of the AIM-54 engagement, the missile is guided semi-actively by the AN/AWG-9 radar using both guidance commands transmitted via the radar and radar energy reflected off the target. Then when the missile is within range of its seeker’s ARH mode the AN/AWG-9 commands the missile to switch to ARH. In pulse doppler STT the AIM-54 uses SARH all the way to the target receiving guidance commands at a greater rate than in TWS and also continuous spotlighting of the target because of the STT mode being used. This increases the effective range of the AIM-54 seeker slightly.<br />
# '''Active Radar Homing (ARH):''' This tells the WCS to immediately command the AIM-54 to go active in the first guidance command after launch. If launched at a target within 6 NM if in the targets rear hemisphere or 10 NM miles if in its forward hemisphere the WCS will also automatically command this mode instead of a SARH mode. If the target is not detected actively by the seeker it will still fall back to SARH until the seeker can acquire on its own like in the two SARH modes.<br />
# '''ACM Active:''' The missile is commanded active before launch making this the only mode where the missile is truly fire and forget. The AIM-54 missile receives the active message before launching from the WCS in addition to a command prepositioning the seeker-head to have it look at the current WCS track if available.<br />
<br />
<br />
Additionally, the AIM-54 has an unofficial method of launching the missile:<br />
<br />
* '''Mad-dogging:''' A method that uses the aircraft relative to their contact altitude and airspeed and firing the AIM-54 in the direction, which will force it to become semi-active within the pitbull range.<br />
<br />
====HUD Symbology====<br />
[[File:f14 aim54 hud.png|thumb|400px]]<br />
The pilot will receive standard symbology of the AIM-54 missile selected when the display is in A/A mode. Similar to the GUNS format, displayed on the HUD will be the weapon type denoted in 2 letters, and the number of missiles. Additionally, any more advanced symbology will occur by lock, which is required at first to fire the missile without "mad-dogging."<br />
<br />
====VDI Symbology====<br />
[[File:f14 aim54 vdi.png|thumb|400px]]<br />
The pilot will also receive additional symbology on the VDI whenever a radar lock occurs with the AIM-54 selected.<br />
<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
===AIM-7 Sparrow===<br />
The AIM-7 Sparrow is an active-radar guided missile for Air-to-Air employment. This missile requires an active radar lock to a contact in order to guide itself for impact. The benefit of this missile is that it is able to lose trackoing guidance if the aircraft breaks the lock on a friendly contact, as well as being able to be used in a mixed scenario.<br />
<br />
The maximum range of the Sparrow under optimal conditions as the Phoenix is ~25 nmi. The recommended distance, however, is roughly ~10 nmi.<br />
<br />
===AIM-9 Sidewinder===<br />
The AIM-9 Sidewinder is an IR-guided missile that self tracks based off of thermal energy (heat) of an aircraft. This missile should be used for close quarters range, where agility and speed are a high priority. The benefit of this missile is how quickly it can turn onto a contact. However, a con to this can be "sun-aiming," where the missile follows a contact that flies directly to the sun and immediately flanks out of the sensor sight of the Sidewinder.<br />
<br />
The maximum range on this missile is ~10 nmi., but recommended range is within ~5 nmi. under optimal conditions.<br />
<br />
=Air-to-Ground Weapons=<br />
----<br />
The F-14B Tomcat comes with a variety of air-to-ground weapons after the upgrade to the Bombcat.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Ground Gun==<br />
The symbology of the Air-to-Ground Gun is similar to of the Air-to-Air mode. The weapon will instead keep a diamond inside with the cross until passing the horizon threshold. All happens with the Gun selected and the HUD steering command in A/G mode.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Ground Bombs==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat is able to carry numerous types of munitions that act as bombs, whether dumb or laser-guided.<br />
<br />
===Mk-20/81/82/83/84 GPB===<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
===GBU-12/14/16 LGB===<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
===BDU-33 Training Bomb===<br />
The BDU-33 is a training bomb that emits smoke upon impact on a hard surface. This is generally used in training for Air-to-Ground in the Tomcat, and among other aircraft.<br />
<br />
===ADM-141 TALD===<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Ground Rockets==<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
=Resources=<br />
----<br />
==Contributors==<br />
* Jak: An early contributor who wrote information on what the aircraft was and helping serve filler content.<br />
* Nullspec: Contributor towards the F/A-18C Hornet on implemented/non-implemented for the formatting.<br />
<br />
==Manuals & Documents==<br />
* [https://info.publicintelligence.net/F14AAP-1B.pdf F-14B NATOPS Pocket Checklist]<br />
* [http://www.heatblur.se/F-14Manual/ Heatblur F-14 Manual]<br />
* [https://www.mudspike.com/chucks-guides-dcs-f-14b-tomcat/ Chuck's F-14 Guide]<br />
<br />
==Heatblur's Videos==<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q1o7E9pb95Y Episode 1: Overview]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OO3IdQjAdDA Episode 2: Pilot's Cockpit Walkaround]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ws1GxPG2ZXw Episode 3: Cold And Dark (Full Startup)]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kgpGO7fj4oU Episode 4: The RIO's Office]<br />
<br />
==Jabbers' Tutorial Videos==<br />
(They're good!)<br />
<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2qwlJs__iYk Pilot - Startup/Taxi/Takeoff with JESTER AI]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b5opjCygZug Pilot - Maneuvering and Flight Characteristics]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f4y2oZ-7rM8 Pilot - Air-to-Air Refueling]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ujk4hL_EnUc Pilot - ACM - Radar Acquisition Modes]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wftck0C3fJ8 Pilot - Weapons - Zuni Rockets with JESTER AI]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4m-Q02gxFEA Pilot - Weapons - AIM-9 Sidewinder]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SWeHtpJ00JI RIO - Startup]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r4-Dd4ss2Rc RIO - AWG-9 Radar]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YG7sWweg2RQ RIO - IFF Interrogation]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2q-bHFyTEr8 Overview - AIM-54C Mk.47 Phoenix - Tacview Debrief]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PyAQpqVhtBY Overview - AIM-54A Mk.60 Phoenix - Tacview Debrief]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4groy-_Bxfk Quick Tips - AIM-54 Phoenix]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Is3AtOX-abw Quick Tips - Bombing]<br />
<br />
==RedKit's Tutorial Videos==<br />
(More in-depth on particular systems, referenced throughout the guide.)<br />
<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R9-8UCj66Ds Pilot/RIO - LANTIRN & LGB Bombs]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k5femxA_lis Pilot/RIO - ICLS & ACLS]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YqQz9YrEi6A Pilot/RIO - INS Fix]</div>Siriushttps://wiki.hoggitworld.com/index.php?title=F-16C&diff=10662F-16C2019-10-01T11:29:09Z<p>Sirius: /* Planned */</p>
<hr />
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|trailerlink=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8QfANpD0GHY<br />
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<br />
The '''F-16C Fighting Falcon''', often called the '''Viper''', is a single-engine multi-role fighter jet airplane. The F-16 was created by General Dynamics (now Lockheed Martin) and operated by the United States Air Force and numerous other militaries. Despite the "F" (fighter) designation, it is designed for both air-to-air and air-to-ground missions and can use an array of weapons and sensors; built into the Viper is a 20mm cannon as well as a multifunction radar. The DCS F-16C models a Block 50 aircraft with the new F110-GE-129 engine and the Common Configuration Implementation Program (CCIP) avionics upgrade.<br />
<br />
=Weapons List=<br />
==Implemented==<br />
Partially or fully implemented weapons of the F-16C Viper:<br />
<br />
==Planned==<br />
Weapons not yet implemented into the Viper:<br />
<br />
* BDU-33, BDU-50LD/HD Training Bombs<br />
* Mk-82LDGP, Mk-82AIR, Mk-84LDGP LGB<br />
* CBU-87 CEM, CBU-97 SFW, CBU-103, CBU-105 Cluster Bombs<br />
* 2.75” LAU-68, LAU-131 Rockets<br />
* AIM-9L/M/P/X Sidewinder<br />
* AIM-120B/C AMRAAM<br />
* M61A1 20mm Cannon<br />
* AGM-65D/G/H/K Maverick<br />
* AGM-88C HARM<br />
* GBU-10, GBU-12, GBU-24<br />
* BRU-57/A<br />
* GBU-31/A, GBU-38/B JDAM<br />
* AGM-154A/B JSOW<br />
* ALE-50 Towed Decoy<br />
<br />
=HOTAS=<br />
----<br />
The Fighting Falcon's hands on throttle and stick (HOTAS) system is designed to allow the pilot to manipulate important avionics functions without releasing the hands from the throttle or control stick. This section will provide a summarized description of all HOTAS controls - detailed functionality will be described in other appropriate sections.<br />
<br />
==Control Stick==<br />
The control stick is a side-mounted stick used to manipulate the Flight Control System (FLCS), but also has numerous other HOTAS controls. The stick is mostly stationary and uses pressure sensitivity to be manipulated; it does, however, move a small physical distance.<br />
*'''Trim Switch:''' The Trim Switch commands pitch (up/down) and roll (left/right) trim to the FLCS.<br />
*'''Display Management Switch (DMS):''' The Display Management Switch (DMS) is used for avionics display manipulation and to assign the [[#Sensor of Interest|Sensor of Interest]].<br />
**'''Forward:''' Sensor of Interest assigned to HUD/HMCS<br />
**'''Aft:''' Sensor of Interest assigned and cycles between the left and right MFDs<br />
**'''Left:''' Cycles three configured quick access pages on the left MFD from right to left<br />
**'''Right:''' Cycles three configured quick access pages on the right MFD from left to right<br />
*'''Target Management Switch (TMS):''' The Target Management Switch (TMS) manipulates various sensors depending on what is the Sensor of Interest.<br />
**'''Forward'''<br />
***HUD SOI: When an A/G bomb is selected, designates SPI in DTOS/EO.<br />
***FCR SOI: Commands Spotlight mode in RWS mode or commands BORE scan in ACM<br />
***TGP SOI: Commands point track<br />
***WPN SOI: Commands track<br />
***HSD SOI: Designate active waypoint<br />
**'''Aft'''<br />
***HUD/FCR/WPN SOI: Target reject<br />
***HSD SOI: Drop<br />
**'''Left'''<br />
***FCR SOI: Expanded data<br />
***TGP/WPN SOI: Toggles seeker polarity<br />
**'''Right'''<br />
***FCR SOI: Steps bugged track in TWS or commands HUD scan in ACM<br />
***TGP SOI: Commands area track<br />
**'''Right, Long Press'''<br />
***FCR SOI: Toggles TWS and RWS mode<br />
<br />
=Digital Systems Overview=<br />
----<br />
The F-16's avionics are interfaced with via two Multifunction Displays (MFDs), the Integrated Control Panel (ICP), the Data Entry Display (DED), and the head-up display (HUD)/helmet mounted curing system (HMCS). The [[#HOTAS|hands on throttle and stick]] (HOTAS) system of the aircraft is also used for manipulating these systems, which is detailed in its own section and the sections relevant to specific HOTAS uses.<br />
<br />
==Sensor of Interest==<br />
In the F-16, either the HUD/HMCS, the left MFD, or the right MFD is the designated Sensor of Interest, or "SOI." The SOI is used to dictate what HOTAS buttons do what function. The SOI is changed via the Display Management Switch (DMS) on the stick - forward will assign SOI to the HUD/HMCS while aft will cycle SOI between the left and right MFDs. If an MFD is SOI, a white border around it is displayed. If the HUD is SOI, an asterisk is put in the upper left corner.<br />
<br />
==Multifunction Displays==<br />
The F-16 has two Multifunction Displays (MFDs) on the left and right sides of the cockpit: each has 5 option select buttons (OSBs) on all four sides. The MFDs can display various software pages to manipulate the aircraft's avionics. Up to three pages per MFD can be selected on either MFD for quick access via pushbutton or HOTAS. These three pages always occupy the bottom center three pushbutton areas. In addition to these, a universal declutter (DCLT) button is provided, which will declutter the symbology depending on the page, and a SWAP button, which simply swaps the two MFD's quick access pages and selected page.<br />
<br />
Selecting any of the three pushbuttons once they have already been selected prompts the main page menu. Any page can then be selected and will be filled at that pushbutton. That page can then be selected by either pressing the corresponding pushbutton or using the Display Management Switch (DMS) on the stick, and it will be highlighted. TMS LEFT and RIGHT respectively cycle the three quick access pages on the left/right MFDs in an outward fashion.</div>Siriushttps://wiki.hoggitworld.com/index.php?title=F-16C&diff=10657F-16C2019-10-01T10:01:35Z<p>Sirius: /* Planned */</p>
<hr />
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<br />
The '''F-16C Fighting Falcon''', often called the '''Viper''', is a single-engine multi-role fighter jet airplane. The F-16 was created by General Dynamics (now Lockheed Martin) and operated by the United States Air Force and numerous other militaries. Despite the "F" (fighter) designation, it is designed for both air-to-air and air-to-ground missions and can use an array of weapons and sensors; built into the Viper is a 20mm cannon as well as a multifunction radar. The DCS F-16C models a Block 50 aircraft with the new F110-GE-129 engine and the Common Configuration Implementation Program (CCIP) avionics upgrade.<br />
<br />
=Weapons List=<br />
==Implemented==<br />
Partially or fully implemented weapons of the F-16C Viper:<br />
<br />
==Planned==<br />
Weapons not yet implemented into the Viper:<br />
<br />
* BDU-33<br />
* BDU-50LD/HD<br />
* Mk-82LDGP<br />
* Mk-82AIR<br />
* Mk-84LDGP<br />
* CBU-87 CEM<br />
* CBU-97 SFW<br />
* 2.75” LAU-68 <br />
* 2.75” LAU-131<br />
* AIM-9L/M/P/X<br />
* AIM-120B/C<br />
* M61A1 20mm cannon<br />
* AGM-65D/G/H/K<br />
* AGM-88C<br />
* GBU-10<br />
* GBU-12<br />
* GBU-24<br />
* BRU-57/A<br />
* CBU-103<br />
* CBU-105<br />
* GBU-31/A<br />
* GBU-38/B<br />
* AGM-154A/B<br />
* ALE-50<br />
<br />
=HOTAS=<br />
----<br />
The Fighting Falcon's hands on throttle and stick (HOTAS) system is designed to allow the pilot to manipulate important avionics functions without releasing the hands from the throttle or control stick.<br />
<br />
=Digital Systems Overview=<br />
----<br />
The F-16's avionics are interfaced with via two Multifunction Displays (MFDs), the Integrated Control Panel (ICP), the Data Entry Display (DED), and the head-up display (HUD)/helmet mounted curing system (HMCS). The [[#HOTAS|hands on throttle and stick]] (HOTAS) system of the aircraft is also used for manipulating these systems, which is detailed in its own section and the sections relevant to specific HOTAS uses.<br />
<br />
==Sensor of Interest==<br />
In the F-16, either the HUD/HMCS, the left MFD, or the right MFD is the designated Sensor of Interest, or "SOI." The SOI is used to dictate what HOTAS buttons do what function. The SOI is changed via the Display Management Switch (DMS) on the stick - UP will assign SOI to the HUD/HMCS while DOWN will cycle SOI between the left and right MFDs. If an MFD is SOI, a white border around it is displayed. If the HUD is SOI, an asterisk is put in the upper left corner.<br />
<br />
==Multifunction Displays==<br />
The F-16 has two Multifunction Displays (MFDs) on the left and right sides of the cockpit: each has 5 option select buttons (OSBs) on all four sides. The MFDs can display various software pages to manipulate the aircraft's avionics. Up to three pages per MFD can be selected on either MFD for quick access via pushbutton or HOTAS. These three pages always occupy the bottom center three pushbutton areas. In addition to these, a universal declutter (DCLT) button is provided, which will declutter the symbology depending on the page, and a SWAP button, which simply swaps the two MFD's quick access pages and selected page.<br />
<br />
Selecting any of the three pushbuttons once they have already been selected prompts the main page menu. Any page can then be selected and will be filled at that pushbutton. That page can then be selected by either pressing the corresponding pushbutton or using the Display Management Switch (DMS) on the stick, and it will be highlighted. TMS LEFT and RIGHT respectively cycle the three quick access pages on the left/right MFDs in an outward fashion.</div>Siriushttps://wiki.hoggitworld.com/index.php?title=F-16C&diff=10656F-16C2019-10-01T09:58:02Z<p>Sirius: </p>
<hr />
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|trailerlink=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8QfANpD0GHY<br />
}}<br />
<br />
The '''F-16C Fighting Falcon''', often called the '''Viper''', is a single-engine multi-role fighter jet airplane. The F-16 was created by General Dynamics (now Lockheed Martin) and operated by the United States Air Force and numerous other militaries. Despite the "F" (fighter) designation, it is designed for both air-to-air and air-to-ground missions and can use an array of weapons and sensors; built into the Viper is a 20mm cannon as well as a multifunction radar. The DCS F-16C models a Block 50 aircraft with the new F110-GE-129 engine and the Common Configuration Implementation Program (CCIP) avionics upgrade.<br />
<br />
=Weapons List=<br />
==Implemented==<br />
Partially or fully implemented weapons of the F-16C Viper:<br />
<br />
==Planned==<br />
Weapons not yet implemented into the Viper:<br />
<br />
=HOTAS=<br />
----<br />
The Fighting Falcon's hands on throttle and stick (HOTAS) system is designed to allow the pilot to manipulate important avionics functions without releasing the hands from the throttle or control stick.<br />
<br />
=Digital Systems Overview=<br />
----<br />
The F-16's avionics are interfaced with via two Multifunction Displays (MFDs), the Integrated Control Panel (ICP), the Data Entry Display (DED), and the head-up display (HUD)/helmet mounted curing system (HMCS). The [[#HOTAS|hands on throttle and stick]] (HOTAS) system of the aircraft is also used for manipulating these systems, which is detailed in its own section and the sections relevant to specific HOTAS uses.<br />
<br />
==Sensor of Interest==<br />
In the F-16, either the HUD/HMCS, the left MFD, or the right MFD is the designated Sensor of Interest, or "SOI." The SOI is used to dictate what HOTAS buttons do what function. The SOI is changed via the Display Management Switch (DMS) on the stick - UP will assign SOI to the HUD/HMCS while DOWN will cycle SOI between the left and right MFDs. If an MFD is SOI, a white border around it is displayed. If the HUD is SOI, an asterisk is put in the upper left corner.<br />
<br />
==Multifunction Displays==<br />
The F-16 has two Multifunction Displays (MFDs) on the left and right sides of the cockpit: each has 5 option select buttons (OSBs) on all four sides. The MFDs can display various software pages to manipulate the aircraft's avionics. Up to three pages per MFD can be selected on either MFD for quick access via pushbutton or HOTAS. These three pages always occupy the bottom center three pushbutton areas. In addition to these, a universal declutter (DCLT) button is provided, which will declutter the symbology depending on the page, and a SWAP button, which simply swaps the two MFD's quick access pages and selected page.<br />
<br />
Selecting any of the three pushbuttons once they have already been selected prompts the main page menu. Any page can then be selected and will be filled at that pushbutton. That page can then be selected by either pressing the corresponding pushbutton or using the Display Management Switch (DMS) on the stick, and it will be highlighted. TMS LEFT and RIGHT respectively cycle the three quick access pages on the left/right MFDs in an outward fashion.</div>Siriushttps://wiki.hoggitworld.com/index.php?title=File:F-16C_Flying.png&diff=10655File:F-16C Flying.png2019-10-01T09:56:25Z<p>Sirius: for f-16c guide</p>
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<br />
The '''F-16C Fighting Falcon''', often called the '''Viper''', is a single-engine multi-role fighter jet airplane. The F-16 was created by General Dynamics (now Lockheed Martin) and operated by the United States Air Force and numerous other militaries. Despite the "F" (fighter) designation, it is designed for both air-to-air and air-to-ground missions and can use an array of weapons and sensors; built into the Viper is a 20mm cannon as well as a multifunction radar. The DCS F-16C models a Block 50 aircraft with the new F110-GE-129 engine and the Common Configuration Implementation Program (CCIP) avionics upgrade.<br />
<br />
=HOTAS=<br />
----<br />
The Fighting Falcon's hands on throttle and stick (HOTAS) system is designed to allow the pilot to manipulate important avionics functions without releasing the hands from the throttle or control stick.<br />
<br />
=Digital Systems Overview=<br />
----<br />
The F-16's avionics are interfaced with via two Multifunction Displays (MFDs), the Integrated Control Panel (ICP), the Data Entry Display (DED), and the head-up display (HUD)/helmet mounted curing system (HMCS). The [[#HOTAS|hands on throttle and stick]] (HOTAS) system of the aircraft is also used for manipulating these systems, which is detailed in its own section and the sections relevant to specific HOTAS uses.<br />
<br />
==Sensor of Interest==<br />
In the F-16, either the HUD/HMCS, the left MFD, or the right MFD is the designated Sensor of Interest, or "SOI." The SOI is used to dictate what HOTAS buttons do what function. The SOI is changed via the Display Management Switch (DMS) on the stick - UP will assign SOI to the HUD/HMCS while DOWN will cycle SOI between the left and right MFDs. If an MFD is SOI, a white border around it is displayed. If the HUD is SOI, an asterisk is put in the upper left corner.<br />
<br />
==Multifunction Displays==<br />
The F-16 has two Multifunction Displays (MFDs) on the left and right sides of the cockpit: each has 5 option select buttons (OSBs) on all four sides. The MFDs can display various software pages to manipulate the aircraft's avionics. Up to three pages per MFD can be selected on either MFD for quick access via pushbutton or HOTAS. These three pages always occupy the bottom center three pushbutton areas. In addition to these, a universal declutter (DCLT) button is provided, which will declutter the symbology depending on the page, and a SWAP button, which simply swaps the two MFD's quick access pages and selected page.<br />
<br />
Selecting any of the three pushbuttons once they have already been selected prompts the main page menu. Any page can then be selected and will be filled at that pushbutton. That page can then be selected by either pressing the corresponding pushbutton or using the Display Management Switch (DMS) on the stick, and it will be highlighted. TMS LEFT and RIGHT respectively cycle the three quick access pages on the left/right MFDs in an outward fashion.</div>Siriushttps://wiki.hoggitworld.com/index.php?title=F-14A/B&diff=10648F-14A/B2019-09-29T22:38:13Z<p>Sirius: /* Air-to-Ground Bombs */</p>
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'''NOTE:''' This guide is currently under a work-in-progress (WIP) state. If you have any information pertaining to the topics or feedback, please relay them over to Sirius#0002 on Discord, or in the Hoggit Discord #wiki-discussion channel. Thanks!<br />
<br />
The Grumman '''F-14A/B''' Tomcat is a two-seat, twin-engine supersonic variable wing-sweep fighter aircraft. The F-14 was the first US fighter jet with twin tails and was the largest & heaviest US fighter to ever fly from an aircraft carrier. The reason that the F-14 was so incredibly large and heavy was that it carried the large AWG-9 radar and accompanying AIM-54 Phoenix (air-to-air) missiles: this very capable combination allowed the F-14 to make shots of up to 200 nautical miles at the bad guys. Also, being big means you can carry a lot of fuel!<br />
<br />
Of course, the practical range of the AWG-9 is rather more limited, especially if you are shooting at more maneuverable fighter-sized targets, but even at these closer ranges, the AIM-54 Phoenix is still a capable missile that should not be underestimated. The F-14 is also capable of carrying an array of air-to-ground weapons, such as dumb bombs in both high and low drag forms, air-to-ground Zuni rockets and even laser-guided bombs, which can be self-designated using the LANTIRN targeting pod on the F-14.<br />
<br />
Most people will recognize and adore the F-14 because of its stardom presence in that one weird volleyball movie from the '80s. Its on-screen presence in movies will make the F-14 to appear docile and easy to fly, but due to lack of a fly-by-wire the F-14 can be a real handful: it being a pilot's aircraft however makes it fun to fly and learn. The analogous nature of the F-14 (comparable to the F-5E II Tigershark) will give you a good knowledge of the airplane over time but requires a bit of a different mindset that the computerized flight of the F/A-18C and the F-15.<br />
<br />
__TOC__<br />
<br />
=Weapons List=<br />
----<br />
==Implemented==<br />
Partially or fully implemented weapons of the F14/A/B Tomcat:<br />
* M61 Vulcan Six-Barreled Gatling Gun<br />
* AIM-7M/F Sparrow<br />
* CAP/AIM-9M Sidewinder<br />
* AIM-54A Phoenix Mk. 60<br />
* AIM-54C Phoenix Mk. 47<br />
* Mk-81, 82, 83, and 84 <br />
* GBU-10, 12, 16, and 24 <br />
* MK-20 Rockeye<br />
* Zuni Rockets<br />
* BDU-33 Practice Bombs<br />
* ADM-141 TALD<br />
* LUU-2 Parachute Flare<br />
* Smokewinder<br />
* LANTIRN Pod<br />
* FPU-1 Fuel Tank<br />
<br />
==Planned==<br />
Weapons not yet implemented into the Tomcat:<br />
* TARPS Pod<br />
<br />
=Hands On Throttle And Stick (HOTAS)=<br />
----<br />
==Throttle==<br />
[[File:throttle.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The throttle of the F-14 Tomcat consists of 2 quadrants, both for the left and right engines. There is an afterburner detent along with a cutoff detent for maximum throttle and shutdown of the engine for each quadrant.<br />
<br />
The throttle has the following controls:<br />
# '''Speed Brake Switch:''' 2-position switch. "EXT" is a momentary and needed input position that extends the speed brake outward depending on the aircraft speed.<br />
# '''Wing Sweep Switch:''' 4-way hat switch. "AUTO" sets the wing to sweep automatically determined by an onboard computer, "BOMB" sets the wing to sweep in an angled position between fully extended and retracted and dependent on speed for the air-to-ground bombing.<br />
# '''PLM Button:''' multifunction button. When the steering command is in A2A mode, this acts as a pilot lock-on tool for the AWG-9 radar. But when used for landing and/or in the LDG steering command mode, this allows for disengagement of the ACLS.<br />
# '''CAGE/SEAM Button:''' multifunction button. When the steering command is in A2A mode, this allows for CAGE/SEAM lock-on of the AIM-9 Sidewinder. But when used for landing and/or in the LDG steering command mode, this allows for disengagement of the APC.<br />
# '''Exterior Light Switch:''' 2-position switch. Used to toggle the exterior lights of the aircraft.<br />
# '''ICS PTT Switch:''' 2-position switch. Acts as a push-to-talk system for the ICS system inside of the aircraft used between the Pilot and RIO. (or JESTER AI)<br />
<br />
==Control Stick==<br />
[[File:stick.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The control stick is located in the center of the cockpit, mounted onto the floor. Left and right movements of the control stick direct hydraulic movement to the spoilers and horizontal stabilizers of the aircraft. Forward and backward movement result to respectively the same but to the horizontal stabilizers.<br />
<br />
The control stick has the following controls:<br />
# '''Bomb Release Button:''' single-purpose button. When pressed in A2G steering command mode, all pylons selected with bombs will release respective of the ripple settings, type, and interval.<br />
# '''Trim Hat:''' 4-way hat switch. Upward movement moves the aircraft downward, and downward movement moves the aircraft upward. Both left and right movements follow to their directions according to their name.<br />
# '''Weapon Select Hat:''' 4-way hat switch. Bottom selection is OFF, and a ridge requires a momentary push action to move in/out of to GUN. Following all to the top are SW, then SP/PH which requires a momentary push action to switch between.<br />
# '''DLC & Maneuver Flap Command Wheel:''' scrollable dial. Moving it with the landing gears fully deployed acts as a variable control for spoiler extension. With the landing gears up, the dial also acts the same but for flaps and slats.<br />
# '''DLC Engage/Disengage & CMS Dispense Button:''' multifunction button. When pressed with the landing gears fully deployed, this controls the engagement and disengagement of the DLC system. But with the landing gears fully retracted, this allows for pilot control of the CMS system.<br />
# '''Autopilot Reference & NWS Button:''' multifunction button. When the aircraft is up in the air, this controls specific autopilot settings. But when the aircraft is on the ground, this controls the activation of the nosewheel steering system.<br />
# '''Autopilot Emergency Disengage Paddle:''' multifunction button. Disengages all autopilot modes and DLC and releases all autopilot switches and roll and pitch SAS switches to OFF position.<br />
# '''Weapon Firing Trigger:''' two-stage trigger switch. The first detent enables CTVS and gun camera. Second detent releases selected forwards firing the weapon.<br />
<br />
=Flight Controls & Landing Gear=<br />
----<br />
==Flight Controls==<br />
[[File:Wheels-flaps.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The F-14B has a large hydraulic system which covers for all of the control surfaces of the aircraft. Without the hydraulic system, or taking damage the controls are in risk of improperly working. The F-14 Tomcat was the last of its generation to have no integration of an FBW or FCS system, which was introduced with the F-15 Eagle.<br />
<br />
The F-14's primary flight controls are:<br />
* '''Left Spoilers (LES):''' A set of spoilers that lie within the left wing of the aircraft that help with aileron movement and control that react opposite of the intended direction.<br />
* '''Right Spoilers (RES):''' A set of spoilers that lie within the right wing of the aircraft that help with aileron movement and control that react opposite of the intended direction.<br />
* '''Tailerons (TAIL):''' Two horizontal stabilizers located on the rear end of the aircraft that control both pitch and aileron movement.<br />
* '''Leading Edge Flaps (LEF):''' Normal slats located on the leading (front) edge of the wings to add lift.<br />
* '''Trailing Edge Flaps (TEF):''' Normal flaps located on the trailing (back) edge of the wings to add lift.<br />
<br />
<br />
The control stick controls the stabilators, ailerons, and rudder and the rudder pedals control the rudder.<br />
<br />
===Flaps System===<br />
The aircraft's flap system provides more lift (and as a byproduct, drag). The flaps lever has two positions:<br />
* '''NONE:''' This applies no flap whatsoever to the wings of the aircraft.<br />
* '''FULL:''' This applies full movement of flaps to the wings of the aircraft.<br />
<br />
<br />
The flaps lever allows for variable movement, which gives the pilot the ability to control the amount of flap they wish for.<br />
<br />
===Speed Brake===<br />
The speed brake is a flap located on the end of the aircraft designed to provide drag to decelerate faster. It is activated via the speed brake switch on the throttle. The two positions are:<br />
* '''EXT:''' When the switch is moved aft, this extends the speed brake of the aircraft out depending on the airspeed.<br />
* '''RET:''' When the switch is moved forward, this retracts the speed brake.<br />
<br />
===Trim===<br />
The tailerons are capable of being trimmed to make roll and pitch corrections. This is accomplished with the trim hat on the controls stick. When the autopilot system is engaged, the onboard computer will attempt to make active trim movements in order to keep the aircraft within the specified attitude when set, along of the setting parameters. As speed is either gained or lost, the trim will actively move the stick as well along of the tailerons to adapt.<br />
<br />
===Wing Sweep===<br />
The wings of the aircraft are a variable-sweep design allowing for automatic or manual movements from pilot input on the right throttle quadrant. Similar to wing fold, the wings are able to be overswept from its maximum position through a master reset of the system in order to allow tighter space and closer parking on the carrier deck.<br />
<br />
==Landing Gear==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat has 3 retractable landing gears: the nose gear, the left gear, and the right gear. The gear is moved via the gear lever on the left side of the cockpit. In the up position, the gear will retract. In the down position, the gear will extend. The gear lever cannot be put up with weight on wheels. The gear will not retract with the launch bar extended.<br />
<br />
===Nosewheel Steering===<br />
The nose gear features nosewheel steering (NWS) controlled by the rudder pedals. With the weight off of the wheels, it is disengaged. It automatically engages upon there being the weight on wheels. NWS is disengaged manually via the button on the stick.<br />
<br />
===Launch Bar===<br />
On the front nosegear is a launch bar that attaches the airplane to a catapult from launches from an aircraft carrier. Its deployment is pilot-controlled, but it is connected to the catapult by the ground crew (DCS default binding is U).<br />
<br />
It is controlled via the launch bar switch on the left upper console. When the switch in the RETRACT position, the launch bar will retract, but physically cannot do so when connected to the catapult. The switch will move to the RETRACT position automatically when there is a weight off wheels. In the EXTEND position, the launch bar will extend if there is the weight on wheels.<br />
<br />
=Autopilot and Autothrottle=<br />
----<br />
The F-14 Tomcat has the ability to automate certain types of flight via its Automatic Flight Control System (AFCS) and Automatic Throttle Control (ATC). The AFCS, or simply the autopilot, control the flight surfaces and the ATC controls the throttles.<br />
<br />
==AFCS==<br />
[[File:afcs.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The Automatic Flight Control System (AFCS), or just the "autopilot", controls the aircraft's flight controls to automate maneuvering. It is interfaced on the autopilot panel via the A/P engage switch. On the autopilot panel, there are 7 modes able to be toggled:<br />
# '''Pitch Stabilizer Augmentation:''' 2-position switch. This switch controls the ability for the pitch to be augmented for dampening.<br />
# '''Roll Stabilizer Augmentation:''' 2-position switch. This switch controls the ability for the roll to be augmented for dampening.<br />
# '''Yaw Stabilizer Augmentation:''' 2-position switch. This switch controls the ability for the yaw to be augmented for dampening.<br />
# '''VEC/PCD/ACL Switch:''' 3-position switch. This switch controls the remote control modes of autopilot with the steering bars and ACLS.<br />
# '''ALT Switch:''' 2-position switch.' This switch controls the ability to maintain the current altitude when autopilot is engaged.<br />
# '''HDG/GT Switch:''' 3-position switch. This switch controls the ability to maintain the current heading when autopilot is engaged.<br />
# '''ENGAGE Switch:''' 2-position switch. This switch engages and disengages the autopilot.<br />
<br />
==ATC==<br />
The automatic throttle control (ATC), or just "autothrottle", controls the physical throttles and thereby automated thrust control. ATC is toggled via ATC engage/disengage switch next to the throttle. When the ATC is engaged, the physical means of the throttle quadrants will begin to move on their own. However, whenever the pilot makes any new movement to the throttle whatsoever, the ATC will disengage to allow pilot control over both of the engines. The ATC is primarily used for landing on a carrier along of the ACLS system.<br />
<br />
=Digital Systems Overview=<br />
----<br />
[[File:displays.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
==Pilot==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat comes with 2 digital display screens in the Pilot cockpit:<br />
* '''Vertical Display Indicator (VDI):''' a multifunction display that allows for the pilot to see their HUD in a form of a repeater, and the [[#Television Camera Set|TCS]].<br />
* '''Horizontal Situation Display Indicator (HSD):''' a multifunction display that allows for the pilot to see their virtual compass for navigation modes, and the [[#AWG-9 Pulse-Doppler Radar|AWG-9 Radar]] from the RIO TID as a repeater.<br />
<br />
===Heads Up Display===<br />
The head-up display (HUD) is a projected display at the front of the cockpit that serves as the primary flight instrument. It also provides various indications for weapon delivery; this section will cover the HUD's indications in NAV master mode. Master mode/weapon-specific indications on the HUD will be covered in the relevant section.<br />
<br />
====Reject Modes====<br />
Via the switches next to the TO button on the displays panel, you are able to "declutter" or remove information off of the HUD.<br />
<br />
==Radar Intercept Officer==<br />
The Radar Intercept Officer (RIO) comes with 3 digital display screens in the RIO cockpit:<br />
* '''Detail Data Display (DDD):''' a dual-purpose display that allows for the RIO to see contacts on the [[#AWG-9 Pulse-Doppler Radar|radar]], based on the range and radar mode.<br />
* '''Tactical Information Display (TID):''' a multi-purpose display that allows for the RIO to see their [[#AWG-9 Pulse-Doppler Radar|AWG-9]] situational awareness, [[#Television Camera Set|TCS]], [[#TARPS Pod|TARPS]] and [[#LANTIRN Targeting Pod|LANTIRN]] pods.<br />
* '''Horizontal Situation Display Indicator (HSD):''' a multi-purpose display as to the one in the pilot cockpit.<br />
<br />
==Master Modes==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat has 5 primarily modes for information displayed. The 5 master modes are:<br />
* '''TO:''' switch. Displays takeoff information on HUD and VDI for degrees.<br />
* '''CRUISE:''' single-purpose button. Displays in-air flight information on HUD and VDI for degrees.<br />
* '''A/A:''' single-purpose button. Displays air-to-air information on HUD and VDI for degrees; and weapon employment.<br />
* '''A/G:''' single-purpose button. Displays air-to-ground information on HUD and VDI for degrees; and weapon employment.<br />
* '''LDG:''' single-purpose button. Displays landing information on HUD and VDI for degrees.<br />
<br />
<br />
Additionally, the F-14 Tomcat has an Air Combat Maneuver (ACM) panel which controls all air-to-air and air-to-ground aspects for armament.<br />
<br />
=Navigation=<br />
----<br />
The F-14 Tomcat has an inertial navigation system (INS) that allows the pilot to navigate by internal gyros aligned. However, due to the fault of having no GPS assistance, these gyros slowly drift over time and cause misalignment for visual information.<br />
<br />
==HSD==<br />
[[File:Hsd.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The Horizontal Situation Display Indicator (HSD) is the primary interface with the airplane's navigation systems. The HSI can be accessed from the bottom display screen. The basic function of the HSI is a rotating compass with a looking-from-above perspective. The controls for this screen are:<br />
# '''BRT Control:''' dial. Controls the brightness of the HSD screen.<br />
# '''HDG Control:''' dial. Controls the heading reference in TACAN mode.<br />
# '''CRS Control:''' dial. Controls the course heading reference in MAN and TACAN modes.<br />
# '''Test Button:''' single-purpose button. Resets the HSD screen if overload protection activates.<br />
# '''BIT Indicator:''' light. Shows a white light if a failure produces in the HSD.<br />
<br />
=== Steering Commands ===<br />
The HSD comes with a set of 5 different steering commands, which each have their own purpose towards displaying certain information:<br />
* '''TACAN:''' single-purpose button. Displays information based off of a radio beacon with range and direction.<br />
* '''DEST:''' single-purpose button. Displays information off of a selected waypoint from the RIO with range and direction.<br />
* '''AWL/PCD:''' single-purpose button. Displays information off of an ICLS frequency with azimuth and elevation bars (on VDI and HUD)<br />
* '''VEC:''' single-purpose button. ? (needs more info.)<br />
* '''MAN:''' single-purpose button. Displays information off of an entered heading (HDG Control) with direction.<br />
<br />
==Waypoints==<br />
The F-14B comes with an onboard flight computer system that handles waypoint navigation during in-air flight. The navigation system in the F-14B Tomcat gives a variety of waypoint holders, along with information for a set home plate.<br />
<br />
===Pilot===<br />
For the F-14B pilot, the waypoint information is able to be accessed by the DEST steering command and by using the NAV HSD display mode.<br />
<br />
===Radar Intercept Officer===<br />
For the F-14B Radar Intercept Officer, (RIO) the waypoints must be manually assigned by the RIO through the Computer Address Panel (CAP) system under the TAC DATA category. Once done, the waypoint must be selected through the CAP and entered in with coordinates similar to how INS alignment procedures are done.<br />
<br />
==TACAN==<br />
Tactical Air Navigation (TACAN) is a military radio navigation system. A TACAN beacon allows for an aircraft to determine its bearing and range from it, and using this information can navigate. TACAN's may be ground-based or be broadcasted by an airplane. TACAN channels have two bands, X and Y, and range from 1-126. 2 TACAN channels may be set present in the aircraft by both the Pilot and RIO for simultaneous use.<br />
<br />
The TACAN setting knobs give a range of these options:<br />
*'''T/R:''' Transmit and receive. Gets bearing and range from the TACAN.<br />
*'''RCV:''' Receive. Gets bearing from the TACAN.<br />
*'''A/A:''' Air-to-air TACAN mode.<br />
*'''X:''' Tunes the selected frequency on the X band.<br />
*'''Y:''' Tunes the selected frequency on the Y band.<br />
<br />
==ICLS==<br />
For night and low visibility operations, aircraft carriers have an Instrument Carrier Landing System (ICLS) to allow for instrument approaches to the carrier. ICLS provides horizontal and vertical guidance. The F-14 is equipped with ICLS.<br />
<br />
To activate the airplane's ICLS antenna, an ICLS dial is present to the right of the warning lights advisory panel, with an ARA on/off switch, used to toggle power to the system.<br />
<br />
When ILS is selected on the HSI, two bars, one horizontal and one vertical, appear near the velocity vector on the HUD. These indicate a vertical and horizontal deviation from the optimal glideslope (3°) and course to the deck. When they are both aligned with the velocity vector (making a "+"), the aircraft is on course.<br />
<br />
==ACLS==<br />
For CAT III conditions and poor visibility, the F-14 is equipped with the Automatic Carrier Landing System (ACLS) to allow an automatic flight to the carrier via. a radio-guided input from a Landing Signal Officer. (LSO) The auto-throttle and autopilot systems must be engaged and present during the time of activation with this system, along with lights given to the left of the VDI display.<br />
<br />
Datalink is required between the aircraft and the carrier in order for ACLS to work. When the best position of the azimuth and glideslope bars are within parameters, the nosewheel steering button is pressed in order to engage guidance.<br />
<br />
==Navigation Failures==<br />
The F-14B has a variety of navigation failures that may/can occur, including methods to fix them.<br />
<br />
===Navigation Fix Update===<br />
An error of latitude or longitude in the computer position of the aircraft can be corrected by a navigation fix update. Updating is especially important in the backup modes (AHRS AM and IMU/ AM) because of the estimated winds and magnetic variation changes. A nav fix is done via a ground-reference-point (latitude and longitude) position. The range and bearing of this position to the present aircraft position are used to update or correct existing values. The nav system may be updated by either a radar fix, a TACAN fix, or a visual fix.<br />
<br />
Before performing a nav fix, the latitude and longitude of the desired update point (radar, TACAN, or visual) must be stored in one of eight navigation point locations (three WPs, FIX PT, HOME BASE, HOST AREA, DEF PT, and IP). This data can be stored prior to flight by data link or by manual insertion. Then follow these steps:<br />
<br />
# Hook the Waypoint you choose to select for the nav fix.<br />
# Check the stored latitude and longitude on the TID.<br />
# Rotate the CATEGORY switch to NAV and select the desired type of update.<br />
<br />
<br />
Note that updating the position while in INS, and to a lesser degree while in IMU, can introduce a greater navigational position error than already present, in particular, if radar fix is used to update the nav system. Updates with a visual or TACAN fix provide reasonable accuracy (assuming a good MAG VAR during TACAN updates). Updating your nav system via a nav fix should be primarily used in the AHRS mode.<br />
<br />
===Radar Fix Update===<br />
An RDR FIX may be selected before or after positioning the DDD cursors. If the RDR FIX button is depressed, the computer computes the present position of the aircraft by measuring the range and bearing from the selected point. The delta between the computer position and the position determined by the INS is then displayed on the TID. If the entry of this delta into the navigation computations is desired, press the FIX ENABLE button. If the delta does not appear to be correct, the computer and the readout can be cleared by pressing the RDR FIX button. The fix may then be attempted again. The RIO should also perform periodic checks of own aircraft system altitude and update the altitude if necessary.<br />
<br />
Radar updating is performed as follows:<br />
<br />
# TID CURSOR/CAP - Hook Desired Navigation Point for Update.<br />
# PULSE SRCH button - Depress.<br />
# On sensor control panel: STAB switch - IN. EL BARS switch - 1. AZ SCAN switch - As Desired.<br />
# RDR FIX button - Depress.<br />
# DDD CURSOR button - Depress.<br />
# Action switch - Half Action (first detent).<br />
# Cursor is displayed on DDD.<br />
# Manipulate hand control DDD cursor over desired ground map point.<br />
# Action switch - Full Action and Release. (This will cause the DDD cursor to remain at the selected position.<br />
# Observe the delta for LAT and LONG on TID.<br />
# If readouts are unsatisfactory, deselect RDR FIX and repeat steps 4 through 12.<br />
# FIX ENABLE button - Depress.<br />
<br />
===TACAN Update===<br />
To perform a nav fix by TACAN requires that a restored waypoint shares identical LAT and LONG values with the TACAN station that will be used for the fix. Select the TACAN channel for the desired station and verify by listening to the coded identifier tone in the headset.<br />
<br />
Press the TACAN FIX button to update the aircraft position from a TACAN station. The WCS computer then calculates the own aircraft position error based on the range and bearing from the TACAN station. The delta is then entered in the same manner as with a radar fix.<br />
<br />
Perform a TACAN fix following these steps:<br />
<br />
# Select a TACAN channel whose latitude and longitude correspond to an update point.<br />
# Hook desired update point (WAYPT 1, FIX PT, HOME BASE, etc.).<br />
# CATEGORY switch - NAV.<br />
# TACAN FIX button - Depress.<br />
# Observe present position delta readout.<br />
# If delta is unsatisfactory, deselect TACAN FIX and repeat steps 2 through 7.<br />
# FIX ENABLE button - Depress.<br />
<br />
===Visual Update===<br />
To perform a visual fix, fly over a restored waypoint and press the VIS FIX button. Estimate your timing, because the aircraft nose and fuselage can obscure the fixed point during an overflight. It is also difficult to estimate when directly overhead a waypoint if the aircraft altitude is greater than 10.000 feet. The delta for the visual fix is displayed on the TID. Enter the delta by pressing FIX ENABLE.<br />
<br />
To perform a visual fix use the following steps:<br />
<br />
# Hook desired update point (WAY PT, HB, IP, etc.).<br />
# Select NAV category on CAP.<br />
# Overfly the selected restored point and when over the point, depress the VIS FIX button on the cap.<br />
# If the delta is not satisfactory, press VIS FIX again to clear the delta and repeat from step 1.<br />
# If a satisfactory delta is displayed, depress the FIX ENABLE button; this causes the delta correction of own-aircraft position to be inserted into the computer.<br />
<br />
===Datalink Update===<br />
To perform a data link update of the aircraft INS to the TDS frame of reference, the aircraft and TDS must share a prebriefed waypoint, identical in latitude and longitude. Enter this LAT/LONG data into the HOST AREA pseudo target file. The TDS will uplink the common reference point as a data link waypoint. When the aircraft and TDS INS systems agree, the data link waypoint and host area symbols will be superimposed on the TID. If they drift apart, the two pseudo targets on the TID will drift as well.<br />
<br />
To perform an update via data link, use the following steps:<br />
<br />
# Hook data link waypoint corresponding prebriefed reference point.<br />
# Select NAV category on CAP.<br />
# Overfly the hooked data link waypoint. When immediately over the point, press VIS FIX button on CAP.<br />
# Observe delta LAT and LONG on TID.<br />
# If deltas are satisfactory and update is desired, depress FIX ENABLE.<br />
# After a data link update, HOST AREA and data link waypoint should be superimposed on the TID again.<br />
<br />
===Fighter-to-Fighter Navigation Update===<br />
Net aircraft that use fighter-to-fighter data link can update their navigation system in the FF/DL mode. To update LAT/LONG hook the net aircraft symbol of an aircraft that is in close proximity and select F/F NAV UPDATE on the CAP. This will enter the hooked aircraft’s coordinates into the INS as own-aircraft coordinates. To update the nav system on an aircraft that is not close, first obtain a radar STT on that aircraft, hook the STT-ed aircraft on the TID and then press F/F NAV UPDATE on the CAP.<br />
<br />
=Defensive Systems=<br />
----<br />
The F-14B is equipped with various defensive systems: the AN/ALE-39 Countermeasure Dispensing System (CMDS), for the release of chaff and flares, the AN/ALQ-126 Deception ECM (DECM), for jamming enemy radar, and the AN/ALR-67 Radar Warning Reciever (RWR), for detection of enemy radar emitters and missile launches.<br />
<br />
==AN/ALR-67 RWR==<br />
[[File:alr-67.png|thumb|400px]]<br />
The AN/ALR-67 Radar Warning Receiver (RWR) provides the Hornet the ability to detect radars via the radio/microwave radiation they emit.<br />
<br />
===Audio Tones===<br />
Accompanying the RWR are various audio feedback tones:<br />
*'''Single Beep:''' A new ground- or sea-based emitter has been detected.<br />
*'''Double Beep:''' A new airborne emitter has been detected.<br />
*'''Repeating Beep:''' An emitter is tracking.<br />
*'''Faster Repeating Beep:''' An emitter is guiding a missile or is a missile.<br />
<br />
<br />
On the RWR gauge, the RWR knob will control the volume of the RWR tones.<br />
<br />
===Emitter Identifiers===<br />
''This list is, at present, not complete.''<br />
{|class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"<br />
!Type<br />
!RWR ID<br />
|-<br />
|U<br />
|Unknown<br />
|-<br />
|M<br />
|Active radar-homing missile<br />
|-<br />
|S<br />
|Search radar<br />
|-<br />
|3<br />
|SA-3 "Goa"<br />
|-<br />
|6<br />
|SA-6 "Gainful"<br />
|-<br />
|8<br />
|SA-8 "Gecko"<br />
|-<br />
|10<br />
|SA-10 "Grumble"<br />
|-<br />
|11<br />
|SA-11 "Gadfly"<br />
|-<br />
|11<br />
|F-111 Aardvark<br />
|-<br />
|12<br />
|SA-12 "Gladiator"<br />
|-<br />
|13<br />
|SA-13 "Gopher"<br />
|-<br />
|13<br />
|C-130 Hercules<br />
|-<br />
|14<br />
|F-14 Tomcat<br />
|-<br />
|15<br />
|F-15 Eagle<br />
|-<br />
|15 <br />
|SA-15 "Gauntlet"<br />
|-<br />
|16<br />
|F-16 Fighting Falcon<br />
|-<br />
|17<br />
|C-17 Globemaster III<br />
|-<br />
|18<br />
|F/A-18 Hornet<br />
|-<br />
|22<br />
|Tu-22 "Blinder"<br />
|-<br />
|23<br />
|MiG-23 "Flogger"<br />
|-<br />
|24<br />
|Su-24 "Fencer"<br />
|-<br />
|25<br />
|MiG-25 "Foxbat"<br />
|-<br />
|29<br />
|MiG-29 "Fulcrum"<br />
|-<br />
|29<br />
|Su-27 "Flanker"<br />
|-<br />
|29<br />
|Su-33 "Flanker-D"<br />
|-<br />
|30<br />
|Su-30 "Flanker-C"<br />
|-<br />
|31<br />
|MiG-31 "Foxhound"<br />
|-<br />
|34<br />
|Su-34 "Fullback"<br />
|-<br />
|39<br />
|Su-25M "Frogfoot"<br />
|-<br />
|40<br />
|''Spruance''-class destroyer<br />
|-<br />
|48<br />
|''Nimitz''-class carrier<br />
|-<br />
|49<br />
|''Oliver Hazard Perry''-class frigate<br />
|-<br />
|50<br />
|A-50 "Mainstay"<br />
|-<br />
|52<br />
|B-52 Stratofortress<br />
|-<br />
|76<br />
|IL-76 "Candid"<br />
|-<br />
|78<br />
|IL-78 "Midas"<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==AN/ALE-39 CMDS==<br />
[[File:f14 cms.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The AN/ALE-39 is the countermeasures dispensing set installed in the F-14B in this simulation. It controls its own set of launchers located between the engine nozzles on the underside of the so-called beaver-tail. The launchers each have two sections, one containing 10 cartridges and the other 20. They are referred to the left and right dispensers even though the left is really the front one and the right the back one with both being mounted inline on the left side of the tailhook. This is a remnant from the earliest model F-14s carrying the AN/ALE-29.<br />
<br />
This all sums up to a capacity of 60 cartridges in the system with each section necessarily holding one type of cartridges meaning that any combination of cartridges is possible as long as each type’s quantity is a multiple of 10. The system itself has no real knowledge of what is loaded where so incorrectly programming the system can lead to the wrong type of cartridge being ejected.<br />
<br />
===Cockpit Controls===<br />
The system itself can be operated manually from the control panel in the RIO pit or the DLC thumbwheel on the pilot stick when the flaps lever is in the up position. It is also capable of running programmed sequences of ejection which in turn can be initiated manually by the RIO from the control panel or the direction hats mounted on the handhold over the DDD. In addition, the AN/ALR-67 can also initiate the chaff ejection program if set up correctly on the AN/ALE-39 control panel.<br />
<br />
==AN/ALQ-126 DECM==<br />
The AN/ALQ-126 deception jammer is designed to detect radar threats, analyze them, select the optimum countermeasure technique available and apply it. Available techniques for jamming are amongst others, main lobe blanking, inverse con-scan, range-gate pull-off and swept square modes. In DCS this is modeled as a simple noise jammer due to engine limitations but controlled by the DECM logic as to when it’s on or off.<br />
<br />
===Cockpit Controls===<br />
The controls for the AN/ALQ-126 DECM are all located on the right horizontal panel in the RIO pit, the panel as the image above. In addition, there are two indication lights co-located with the RWR threat indicators on the right side of the TID. The mode selector knob controls power and operational mode that the system is in. The modes for the DECM are as follows:<br />
<br />
* '''OFF:''' turns off power to the system. STBY begins pre-warming of the system, taking in all-around 5 minutes.<br />
* '''TEST HOLD 3 SEC:''' is used to prepare the system for BIT, after 3 seconds in this mode, turn the knob to TEST - ACT.<br />
* '''TEST ACT:''' starts the BIT in the system. The BIT takes approximately 30 seconds and the RCV light will be illuminated the whole time while the XMIT light will flash twice. If the STANDBY light illuminates it indicates that a no-go condition exists in the system.<br />
* '''REC:''' enables the system to receive the only mode, enabling analyzation of threats and also the threat audio.<br />
* '''RPT:''' enables full system functionality, in addition to REC it also now tries to jam threats according to the selected method.<br />
<br />
=Television Camera Set=<br />
----<br />
[[File:tcs_symbology.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The F-14B is outfitted with the ALQ-100 Television Camera Set (TCS) pod, used for visually identifying aircraft during the time of which IFF was not a trusted/more inferior method to confirming hostile aircraft and to keep track of their position, as well as their living status.<br />
<br />
==Symbology==<br />
On the TID, in non-TV mode, a TCS track is indicated by a 1.5” strobe at TCS LOS azimuth with a hollow circle at the end.<br />
<br />
The symbology on the video feed from the TCS has indicators for the FOV and two crosshairs indicating TCS LOS relative own aircraft, GACH, and AN/AWG-9 radar LOS relative TCS LOS, RACH. Additionally, the track window is indicated by 4 small squares representing each corner of that window.<br />
<br />
The gimbal angle crosshairs or GACH, which is a solid cross, indicate deflection of the TCS LOS from the aircraft datum line, ADL. GACH crosshair in the center indicates TCS LOS along ADL and deflection towards the edges indicate deflection towards the gimbal limits with the video edges being maximum deflection.<br />
<br />
RACH or radar angle crosshairs, a dashed crosshair, indicate radar antenna LOS when inside the current TCS FOV. When the sensors slave to one another RACH and GACH will coincide creating a single solid crosshair.<br />
<br />
The track window indicates the area that the TCS contrast tracker is currently locked on to if it has acquired a target. When not in an active track these squares collapse into the center of the display being 2% of the screen width when in manual mode and 5% when in an auto mode.<br />
<br />
=LANTIRN Targeting Pod=<br />
----<br />
[[File:flir.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The F-14B can carry the AN/AAQ-14 Low Altitude Navigation and Targeting Infrared For Night (LANTIRN) targeting pod. This pod consists of a Forward-Looking Infrared (FLIR) camera (which also includes a digital charged coupled device camera) for target locating and observing, a Laser Target Designator/Ranger for firing a laser that both designates targets for laser-homing weapons and gathers ranging information for designating whatever the FLIR is pointed at as an air-to-ground, and a Laser Spot Tracker (LST) which can search for and track a laser, allowing for the FLIR to be cued onto an offboard (ground or air-designated) laser from another unit and then designate a Target off said point; this allows for most effective buddy-lasing. The targeting pod can be used in both air-to-ground and air-to-air functions, but the LTD/R and LST are only used for A/G operation.<br />
<br />
==Symbology==<br />
The following areas on the LANTIRN are to represent:<br />
# '''A/C Position Data:''' Displays aircraft LAT/LON, altitude, and groundspeed information.<br />
# '''LANTIRN Polarity:''' Displays white or hot background. AGC is for automatic gain control, MGC is for manual gain control.<br />
# '''LANTIRN Information:''' Gives general information on the pod. SR is for slant range, AZ/EL for azimuth/elevation of sight, and rest is UTC time.<br />
# '''LANTIRN Track Mode:''' Displays the current tracking mode. A/A is for air-to-air, A/G is for air-to-ground. Right side is for current selected weapon.<br />
# '''Track Data:''' Displays information of LAT/LON and altitude of where the sight is at.<br />
# '''Track:''' Displays the hairs for point and area track, and what the sight is directly pointed at.<br />
# '''Launch Envelopes:''' The top tape is for the heading relative of the aircraft to the track. The right side tape is for the release point.<br />
<br />
=TARPS Pod=<br />
----<br />
Not yet implemented.<br />
<br />
=Air-to-Air Radar=<br />
----<br />
==Detail Data Display==<br />
[[File:f14 ddd.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
Among the 3 digital displays, the Detail Data Display gives the RIO information about contacts from the AWG-9 radar in terms of range and radar mode, with respect to the notch filter.<br />
<br />
===Notch Filter===<br />
The AWG-9 radar in the F-14B Tomcat has a notch filter when using the pulse-doppler radar modes under certain conditions. These conditions include, but are not limited to:<br />
<br />
* ~100 knot difference of the aircraft relative to contact<br />
* Contact flying 90 degrees perpendicular CW/CCW to aircraft<br />
* Masking with ground terrain scan return<br />
<br />
<br />
There is a rough line shown in the radar modes, likewise of the jamming lobe, for when considering the notch filter that the contact will disappear from.<br />
<br />
==Tactical Information Display==<br />
[[File:f14 tid.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The Tactical Information Display (TID) gives the RIO of the F-14B the main information on the AWG-9 radar, including situational awareness, range, altitude, and contact heading.<br />
<br />
===Display Modes===<br />
The TID comes with a total of 8 display modes available, that can be toggled either on or off for purposes of gathering more information or decluttering:<br />
<br />
* '''RID DISABLE:''' ? needs more info. Not yet implemented.<br />
* '''ALT NUM:''' Displays the altitude of contact with a singular digit rounded to the nearest thousand.<br />
* '''SYM ELEM:''' Displays the symbology of contacts corresponding to HAFU.<br />
* '''DATA LINK:''' Displays contacts from the datalink frequency.<br />
* '''JAM STROBE:''' Displays the jamming strobes. Not yet implemented.<br />
* '''NON-ATTK:''' Displays determined (manual IFF or datalink) HAFU of friendly contacts.<br />
* '''VEL VECTOR:''' Displays the velocity vectors of contacts.<br />
* '''LAUNCH ZONE:''' Displays contact approximate missile launch zones.<br />
<br />
==AN/AWG-9 Radar==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat is equipped with the AN/AWG-9 all-weather and pulse-doppler radar. It is a very long-range radar used for the main purpose of intercept.<br />
<br />
===Radar Modes===<br />
The AWG-9 in the F-14B comes with 2 types of radar modes: doppler and pulse-doppler search. Of those two, subsets are able to be observed as 5 in this list:<br />
<br />
* '''PD SRCH:''' Pulse-Doppler Search mode. No bias factor of the radar, but impedes to pulse-doppler methods.<br />
* '''PD STT:''' Pulse-Doppler Single Target Track mode. By default upon acquiring a lock with the AWG-9, the radar will move to this function mode. It is currently suspectable to the notch filter.<br />
* '''RWS:''' Range While Search mode. The radar will prioritize the range of targets but not other factors. Falls under pulse-doppler.<br />
* '''TWS MAN:''' Track While Scan - Manual mode. The radar will prioritize the situational awareness of other targets but not give information on every target. The radar will also prioritize targets by threat importance.<br />
* '''TWS AUTO:''' Track While Scan - Auto mode. The radar will perform the same as TWS Man, but the elevation and azimuth controls will be automated in the process for an optimal scan.<br />
* '''PULSE SRCH:''' Pulse Search mode. No bias factor of the radar and can not be impeded to the notch filter, unlike the pulse-doppler method. The radar will, however, output a return of everything that is scanned and requires tuning.<br />
* '''PULSE STT:''' Pulse Single Target Track mode. Performing similarly to Pulse Search mode, this function mode applies to only a single target and is not suspectable to the notch filter.<br />
<br />
====Pulse-Doppler Search Mode====<br />
[[File:f14 pulsedoppler.png|thumb|350px]]<br />
The pulse-doppler search mode is used mainly as a kind of early warning mode. It is the search mode with the greatest detection range but it can display no range to the RIO, only closure rate. For this reason, the TID can display no track information.<br />
<br />
====Pulse-Doppler STT Mode====<br />
[[File:f14 pdstt.png|thumb|350px]]<br />
The pulse-doppler STT works and looks much like the pulse STT mode. It does, however, have the same advantages and disadvantages compared to pulse STT as the other pulse-doppler modes compared to the pulse modes. This means that while much better at tracking a target close to the ground it is however vulnerable to notching.<br />
<br />
The DDD display for pulse-doppler STT looks like pulse STT display except that the target return and antenna azimuth display are moved to the left side of the screen and a generated synthetic target marker is displayed at the correct azimuth instead. This is so that the targets range can be displayed by the synthetic target, unlike the other pulse-doppler modes which only shows closure rate. The other symbology on the DDD in this mode are the same as in pulse STT.<br />
<br />
====Range While Search Mode====<br />
In range while search, a frequency measuring ranging mode is added (FM ranging) to allow the radar to measure the range of tracked targets in addition to closure rate. This additional processing does, however, mean that the effective range of the radar is somewhat lesser. The display on the DDD is the same as in pulse-doppler search, the TID however also shows tracks in this mode showing the targets as tracks momentarily as they’re scanned and displaying their position and altitude. <br />
<br />
The targets are shown for a maximum of two seconds or until the antenna again scans the same bar at the same azimuth at which time it is removed unless detected again. The maximum number of concurrently shown tracks are 48.<br />
<br />
====TWS Manual Mode====<br />
The track, while scan mode uses the same FM ranging as RWS with the same reduction in range compared to pulse-doppler search and the DDD display, is also the same. The main difference that the computer establishes track files and tracks up to 24 targets concurrently of which 18 can be shown on the TID at any given time.<br />
<br />
As the computer routine calculating these tracks need a set track refresh time of 2 seconds this limits available azimuth scan area and bar settings to either 20° 4 bars or 40° 2 bars. When entering TWS the computer automatically selects the ±20° 4 bar scan disregarding the RIO set scan volumes unless those are set to ±40° 2 bars in which case that is used instead.<br />
<br />
The TWS mode is also the only mode enabling guidance of the AIM-54 at multiple targets (up to six), and as soon as engageable targets are detected the computer starts assigning them a missile priority number according to optimal missile firing sequence.<br />
<br />
====TWS Auto Mode====<br />
Performing similarly to TWS Man mode, what differs between the two is that in TWS auto the computer takes control of used scan volume and scan pattern azimuth and elevation as soon as target tracks are present. The WCS computer automatically tries to optimize the scan volume and direction so that tracking of the prioritized targets is maximized. If not selected before launch the WCS overrides as soon as the first AIM-54 is launched and selects TWS Auto.<br />
<br />
====Pulse Search Mode====<br />
[[File:f14 pulse.png|thumb|350px]]<br />
Pulse search is used to search for and find airborne targets at range. It is possible to use this radar mode as a basic ground mapper as well which can be useful for navigation and navigational fixes and can also be used in a pinch to detect larger surface targets like ships. Keep in mind though that the radar is not built with this as its main function and that a real air-to-ground radar will outperform it handily.<br />
<br />
In this mode, the radar cannot by itself differentiate targets and generate tracks meaning that the WCS will not generate track files and display anything on the TID. This also means that pulse search is not capable of guiding missiles.<br />
<br />
====Pulse STT Mode====<br />
[[File:f14 pstt.png|thumb|350px]]<br />
Pulse STT is used to track a single target, like pulse search mode it is not susceptible to notching but it is to ground clutter. The fact that the STT modes use gates to track the target, in this case, range gates, means that it is less susceptible to ground clutter but a target close enough to the ground that the ground return enters the range gates would be likely to shake the lock.<br />
<br />
As it is only in the pulse-doppler modes that the missile guidance commands can be sent pulse STT is limited to launching AIM-7s in CW mode and AIM-54s in an active launch mode limiting their ranges. At short ranges, ACM ranges, it is possible to use the ASPECT switch to set what aspect of the target to track, this is just to counter different types of countermeasures. As an example, if set to NOSE the radar will be less susceptible to chaff as the radar weights its track towards the targets leading-edge (nose) away from the chaff being launched behind the target.<br />
<br />
A successful track is indicated by the ANT TRK and RDROT indicator lights on the DDD, meaning that the antenna is tracking the target and that the target is within the range gates. If the target is jamming with sufficient strength, negating a range track, the radar will transition to a jam angle track instead, indicated by the JAT indicator light on the DDD illuminating instead of the RDROT. When range tracking is again possible at closer ranges the radar will transition to that instead.<br />
<br />
The DDD in this mode will be similar to the pulse search mode but the antenna will be locked onto the target and not scan. Additionally, the DDD will show the range gates around the target, a closing rate symbol at the right scale and applicable attack symbology if a valid missile is selected.<br />
<br />
===Anti-Jamming Modes===<br />
Not yet implemented.<br />
<br />
===AN/APX-76 IFF Interrogator===<br />
The AN/APX-76 IFF (Identification Friend or Foe) interrogator is integrated into the AN/AWG-9 operation. Then interrogator antenna itself is located on the AN/AWG-9 antenna gimbal platform. An IFF system works by sending out an interrogation pulse and then listening for returns from cooperating transponders. In addition to the unencrypted civilian mode the AN/APX-76 is capable of interrogating in the encrypted military mode 4. This ensures that targets replying to mode 4 interrogations are indeed friendly. The AN/APX-76 can be used both in search radar modes and in STT radar modes. To enable interrogation the IFF switch is depressed on the Detail Data Display Panel which then activates the interrogator for as long as the button is held up to 10 seconds max.<br />
<br />
When enabled IFF received IFF returns are then overlaid on the normal AN/AWG-9 radar returns on the DDD. A friendly target will be indicated with two bars, one above and one below the normal radar return. As the AN/APX-76 is a separate radar, secondary mode, radar apart from the AWG-9 the IFF can sometimes also detect targets not detected by the AWG-9. In this case the IFF return will not have a radar echo inside it. In the search mode this is overlaid over each target replying and in STT over the STT target. Additionally, if the STT target is hooked on the TID the DDD will switch from normal range display to a ±10 NM display to enable display of multiple returns in case of closely grouped targets.<br />
<br />
==HAFU/Datalink==<br />
[[File:HAFU.png|right|80px]]<br />
Hostile, Ambiguous, Friendly or Unknown (HAFU) is a symbology system used by the F/A-18 to represent trackfiles; specifically, to show its status as a friendly or hostile. It is usually what trackfiles are displayed as across the software.<br />
<br />
There are four HAFU symbols:<br />
*'''Triangle:''' Hostile (red when colored)<br />
*'''Thick Staple:''' Ambiguous (yellow when colored)<br />
*'''Half-Circle:''' Friendly (green when colored)<br />
*'''Thin Staple:''' Unknown (yellow when colored)<br />
<br />
<br />
All types except ambiguous can be manually assigned via the [[#SA Format|Situational Awareness]] format. Tracks will also be automatically identified as explained below.<br />
<br />
A hostile HAFU will be assigned whenever:<br />
* A negative IFF response is returned, and<br />
** An NCTR print returns with an aircraft type that is on the hostile coalition; or<br />
** A SURV (surveillance, like an AWACS) source over datalink also marks it hostile; or<br />
** A F/F (fighter-fighter, like another F/A-18) source over datalink also marks it hostile.<br />
<br />
<br />
An ambiguous HAFU will be assigned when the aircraft and a donor have conflicting identifications (friendly and hostile).<br />
<br />
A friendly HAFU will be assigned whenever an IFF interrogation returns as friendly or the track itself is contributed to by the Precise Participant Location and Identification (PPLI) system.<br />
<br />
An unknown HAFU will be assigned by default until it is updated by meeting one of the requirements above.<br />
<br />
=Air-to-Air Weapons=<br />
----<br />
This area will cover over all the different air-to-air weapons brought with the F-14B Tomcat.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Air Gun==<br />
[[File:f14 gun aa.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
''Using Real-Time mode.''<br />
<br />
The F-14 Tomcat is outfitted with the M61A1 Vulcan 6-barreled Gatling cannon, being able to hold up a maximum of 675 rounds internally.<br />
<br />
===Gun Rates===<br />
The cannon offers 2 modes of combat in the F-14B: <br />
<br />
* '''LOW:''' mode which slows down the muzzle rate, used for Air-to-Ground.<br />
* '''HIGH:''' mode which is to be used for Basic Fighter Maneuvering. (BFM)<br />
<br />
===Gun Modes===<br />
The cannon for Air-to-Air mode is able to be placed into 2 following positions:<br />
<br />
* '''Manual:''' this mode is able to be selected by depressing the CAGE/SEAM button, which will then only display the pipper and ammo count.<br />
* '''Real-Time:''' this mode is the regular, default mode. Along with a radar lock, the pipper will calculate to be accurate when directed to the diamond contact box. This will also give a closure rate towards the contact and the range relative to the aircraft.<br />
<br />
===Symbology===<br />
<br />
The symbology for the cannon is displayed on the HUD with the weapon master selector in the GUN position, and display in A/A. By default, the gun rounds indicator will be displayed as 0 for rounds per 100. Located next to the display panel to the right is the gun ammo counter. Additionally, the gunsight elevation is also able to be adjusted underneath the steer commands on the display panel.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Air Missiles==<br />
===Missile Preparation===<br />
Missile preparation in the F-14B Tomcat is started by moving the master arm switch on the ACM panel underneath the HUD to ON. This is then followed by pressing the MSL PREP and SW COOL buttons to be ON, depending on the armament type.<br />
<br />
===AIM-54 Phoenix===<br />
The AIM-54 is a long-range, semi-active radar missile for Air-to-Air use. The F-14 was the only aircraft to carry it in service and was used to take down Soviet bombers. However, it is able to be used on fighters as well. The AIM-54 comes with a proximity fuse and missile gate suite for non-direct contact explosions and radar tracking methods. <br />
<br />
Upon the launch of the missile, active input from the AN/AWG-9 radar is used to guide itself towards the contact. When reaching pitbull range (~20 nmi.) the missile will then use the radar in itself and steer until impact. <br />
<br />
The time until impact will be calculated during the whole flight of the missile after the launch sequence on the TID as a seconds counter next to the contact.<br />
<br />
====Missile Variants====<br />
The AIM-54 for the F-14 in DCS is not only just 1 variant but 2 provided for the aircraft:<br />
<br />
* '''AIM-54A Mk.60:''' The A variant Mk.60 is a specific version of the AIM-54 Phoenix which utilizes burn time and speed over agility and smoke. The Mk.60 is able to be fired from at most ~100 nmi. under optimal conditions, factoring altitude, kinetic airspeed, contact airspeed, and altitude. The recommended firing distance of the variant, however, is ~45 nmi.<br />
* '''AIM-54C Mk.47:''' The C variant Mk.47 is a later upgrade to the missile that utilizes agility and smoke over burn time and speed. While the C variant provides a no-smoke solution, it lacks the favoring of speed and distance. Under optimal conditions similar to the A, this missile variant is best at ~60 nmi. The recommended distance to contact for firing is ~30 nmi.<br />
<br />
====Launch Modes====<br />
The main seeker in the AIM-54 is able to be fired through 3 launch modes in according:<br />
<br />
# '''Semi-active Radar Homing (SARH):''' In the first stage of the AIM-54 engagement, the missile is guided semi-actively by the AN/AWG-9 radar using both guidance commands transmitted via the radar and radar energy reflected off the target. Then when the missile is within range of its seeker’s ARH mode the AN/AWG-9 commands the missile to switch to ARH. In pulse doppler STT the AIM-54 uses SARH all the way to the target receiving guidance commands at a greater rate than in TWS and also continuous spotlighting of the target because of the STT mode being used. This increases the effective range of the AIM-54 seeker slightly.<br />
# '''Active Radar Homing (ARH):''' This tells the WCS to immediately command the AIM-54 to go active in the first guidance command after launch. If launched at a target within 6 NM if in the targets rear hemisphere or 10 NM miles if in its forward hemisphere the WCS will also automatically command this mode instead of a SARH mode. If the target is not detected actively by the seeker it will still fall back to SARH until the seeker can acquire on its own like in the two SARH modes.<br />
# '''ACM Active:''' The missile is commanded active before launch making this the only mode where the missile is truly fire and forget. The AIM-54 missile receives the active message before launching from the WCS in addition to a command prepositioning the seeker-head to have it look at the current WCS track if available.<br />
<br />
<br />
Additionally, the AIM-54 has an unofficial method of launching the missile:<br />
<br />
* '''Mad-dogging:''' A method that uses the aircraft relative to their contact altitude and airspeed and firing the AIM-54 in the direction, which will force it to become semi-active within the pitbull range.<br />
<br />
====HUD Symbology====<br />
[[File:f14 aim54 hud.png|thumb|400px]]<br />
The pilot will receive standard symbology of the AIM-54 missile selected when the display is in A/A mode. Similar to the GUNS format, displayed on the HUD will be the weapon type denoted in 2 letters, and the number of missiles. Additionally, any more advanced symbology will occur by lock, which is required at first to fire the missile without "mad-dogging."<br />
<br />
====VDI Symbology====<br />
[[File:f14 aim54 vdi.png|thumb|400px]]<br />
The pilot will also receive additional symbology on the VDI whenever a radar lock occurs with the AIM-54 selected.<br />
<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
===AIM-7 Sparrow===<br />
The AIM-7 Sparrow is an active-radar guided missile for Air-to-Air employment. This missile requires an active radar lock to a contact in order to guide itself for impact. The benefit of this missile is that it is able to lose trackoing guidance if the aircraft breaks the lock on a friendly contact, as well as being able to be used in a mixed scenario.<br />
<br />
The maximum range of the Sparrow under optimal conditions as the Phoenix is ~25 nmi. The recommended distance, however, is roughly ~10 nmi.<br />
<br />
===AIM-9 Sidewinder===<br />
The AIM-9 Sidewinder is an IR-guided missile that self tracks based off of thermal energy (heat) of an aircraft. This missile should be used for close quarters range, where agility and speed are a high priority. The benefit of this missile is how quickly it can turn onto a contact. However, a con to this can be "sun-aiming," where the missile follows a contact that flies directly to the sun and immediately flanks out of the sensor sight of the Sidewinder.<br />
<br />
The maximum range on this missile is ~10 nmi., but recommended range is within ~5 nmi. under optimal conditions.<br />
<br />
=Air-to-Ground Weapons=<br />
----<br />
The F-14B Tomcat comes with a variety of air-to-ground weapons after the upgrade to the Bombcat.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Ground Gun==<br />
The symbology of the Air-to-Ground Gun is similar to of the Air-to-Air mode. The weapon will instead keep a diamond inside with the cross until passing the horizon threshold. All happens with the Gun selected and the HUD steering command in A/G mode.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Ground Bombs==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat is able to carry numerous types of munitions that act as bombs, whether dumb or laser-guided.<br />
<br />
===Mk-20/81/82/83/84 GPB===<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
===GBU-12/14/16 LGB===<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
===BDU-33 Training Bomb===<br />
The BDU-33 is a training bomb that emits smoke upon impact on a hard surface. This is generally used in training for Air-to-Ground in the Tomcat, and among other aircraft.<br />
<br />
===ADM-141 TALD===<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Ground Rockets==<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
=Resources=<br />
----<br />
==Contributors==<br />
* Jak: An early contributor who wrote information on what the aircraft was and helping serve filler content.<br />
* Nullspec: Contributor towards the F/A-18C Hornet on implemented/non-implemented for the formatting.<br />
<br />
==Manuals & Documents==<br />
* [https://info.publicintelligence.net/F14AAP-1B.pdf F-14B NATOPS Pocket Checklist]<br />
* [http://www.heatblur.se/F-14Manual/ Heatblur F-14 Manual]<br />
<br />
==Heatblur's Videos==<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q1o7E9pb95Y Episode 1: Overview]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OO3IdQjAdDA Episode 2: Pilot's Cockpit Walkaround]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ws1GxPG2ZXw Episode 3: Cold And Dark (Full Startup)]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kgpGO7fj4oU Episode 4: The RIO's Office]<br />
<br />
==Jabbers' Tutorial Videos==<br />
(They're good!)<br />
<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2qwlJs__iYk Pilot - Startup/Taxi/Takeoff with JESTER AI]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b5opjCygZug Pilot - Maneuvering and Flight Characteristics]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f4y2oZ-7rM8 Pilot - Air-to-Air Refueling]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ujk4hL_EnUc Pilot - ACM - Radar Acquisition Modes]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wftck0C3fJ8 Pilot - Weapons - Zuni Rockets with JESTER AI]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4m-Q02gxFEA Pilot - Weapons - AIM-9 Sidewinder]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SWeHtpJ00JI RIO - Startup]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r4-Dd4ss2Rc RIO - AWG-9 Radar]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YG7sWweg2RQ RIO - IFF Interrogation]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2q-bHFyTEr8 Overview - AIM-54C Mk.47 Phoenix - Tacview Debrief]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PyAQpqVhtBY Overview - AIM-54A Mk.60 Phoenix - Tacview Debrief]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4groy-_Bxfk Quick Tips - AIM-54 Phoenix]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Is3AtOX-abw Quick Tips - Bombing]<br />
<br />
==RedKit's Tutorial Videos==<br />
(More in-depth on particular systems, referenced throughout the guide.)<br />
<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R9-8UCj66Ds Pilot/RIO - LANTIRN & LGB Bombs]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k5femxA_lis Pilot/RIO - ICLS & ACLS]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YqQz9YrEi6A Pilot/RIO - INS Fix]</div>Siriushttps://wiki.hoggitworld.com/index.php?title=F-14A/B&diff=10647F-14A/B2019-09-29T22:35:51Z<p>Sirius: /* Air-to-Ground Gun */</p>
<hr />
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{{ModuleInfo<br />
|modulename=F-14A/B<br />
|modulethumb=F-14 HB Oman.jpeg<br />
|guidelink=http://www.heatblur.se/F-14Manual/index.html<br />
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<br />
'''NOTE:''' This guide is currently under a work-in-progress (WIP) state. If you have any information pertaining to the topics or feedback, please relay them over to Sirius#0002 on Discord, or in the Hoggit Discord #wiki-discussion channel. Thanks!<br />
<br />
The Grumman '''F-14A/B''' Tomcat is a two-seat, twin-engine supersonic variable wing-sweep fighter aircraft. The F-14 was the first US fighter jet with twin tails and was the largest & heaviest US fighter to ever fly from an aircraft carrier. The reason that the F-14 was so incredibly large and heavy was that it carried the large AWG-9 radar and accompanying AIM-54 Phoenix (air-to-air) missiles: this very capable combination allowed the F-14 to make shots of up to 200 nautical miles at the bad guys. Also, being big means you can carry a lot of fuel!<br />
<br />
Of course, the practical range of the AWG-9 is rather more limited, especially if you are shooting at more maneuverable fighter-sized targets, but even at these closer ranges, the AIM-54 Phoenix is still a capable missile that should not be underestimated. The F-14 is also capable of carrying an array of air-to-ground weapons, such as dumb bombs in both high and low drag forms, air-to-ground Zuni rockets and even laser-guided bombs, which can be self-designated using the LANTIRN targeting pod on the F-14.<br />
<br />
Most people will recognize and adore the F-14 because of its stardom presence in that one weird volleyball movie from the '80s. Its on-screen presence in movies will make the F-14 to appear docile and easy to fly, but due to lack of a fly-by-wire the F-14 can be a real handful: it being a pilot's aircraft however makes it fun to fly and learn. The analogous nature of the F-14 (comparable to the F-5E II Tigershark) will give you a good knowledge of the airplane over time but requires a bit of a different mindset that the computerized flight of the F/A-18C and the F-15.<br />
<br />
__TOC__<br />
<br />
=Weapons List=<br />
----<br />
==Implemented==<br />
Partially or fully implemented weapons of the F14/A/B Tomcat:<br />
* M61 Vulcan Six-Barreled Gatling Gun<br />
* AIM-7M/F Sparrow<br />
* CAP/AIM-9M Sidewinder<br />
* AIM-54A Phoenix Mk. 60<br />
* AIM-54C Phoenix Mk. 47<br />
* Mk-81, 82, 83, and 84 <br />
* GBU-10, 12, 16, and 24 <br />
* MK-20 Rockeye<br />
* Zuni Rockets<br />
* BDU-33 Practice Bombs<br />
* ADM-141 TALD<br />
* LUU-2 Parachute Flare<br />
* Smokewinder<br />
* LANTIRN Pod<br />
* FPU-1 Fuel Tank<br />
<br />
==Planned==<br />
Weapons not yet implemented into the Tomcat:<br />
* TARPS Pod<br />
<br />
=Hands On Throttle And Stick (HOTAS)=<br />
----<br />
==Throttle==<br />
[[File:throttle.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The throttle of the F-14 Tomcat consists of 2 quadrants, both for the left and right engines. There is an afterburner detent along with a cutoff detent for maximum throttle and shutdown of the engine for each quadrant.<br />
<br />
The throttle has the following controls:<br />
# '''Speed Brake Switch:''' 2-position switch. "EXT" is a momentary and needed input position that extends the speed brake outward depending on the aircraft speed.<br />
# '''Wing Sweep Switch:''' 4-way hat switch. "AUTO" sets the wing to sweep automatically determined by an onboard computer, "BOMB" sets the wing to sweep in an angled position between fully extended and retracted and dependent on speed for the air-to-ground bombing.<br />
# '''PLM Button:''' multifunction button. When the steering command is in A2A mode, this acts as a pilot lock-on tool for the AWG-9 radar. But when used for landing and/or in the LDG steering command mode, this allows for disengagement of the ACLS.<br />
# '''CAGE/SEAM Button:''' multifunction button. When the steering command is in A2A mode, this allows for CAGE/SEAM lock-on of the AIM-9 Sidewinder. But when used for landing and/or in the LDG steering command mode, this allows for disengagement of the APC.<br />
# '''Exterior Light Switch:''' 2-position switch. Used to toggle the exterior lights of the aircraft.<br />
# '''ICS PTT Switch:''' 2-position switch. Acts as a push-to-talk system for the ICS system inside of the aircraft used between the Pilot and RIO. (or JESTER AI)<br />
<br />
==Control Stick==<br />
[[File:stick.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The control stick is located in the center of the cockpit, mounted onto the floor. Left and right movements of the control stick direct hydraulic movement to the spoilers and horizontal stabilizers of the aircraft. Forward and backward movement result to respectively the same but to the horizontal stabilizers.<br />
<br />
The control stick has the following controls:<br />
# '''Bomb Release Button:''' single-purpose button. When pressed in A2G steering command mode, all pylons selected with bombs will release respective of the ripple settings, type, and interval.<br />
# '''Trim Hat:''' 4-way hat switch. Upward movement moves the aircraft downward, and downward movement moves the aircraft upward. Both left and right movements follow to their directions according to their name.<br />
# '''Weapon Select Hat:''' 4-way hat switch. Bottom selection is OFF, and a ridge requires a momentary push action to move in/out of to GUN. Following all to the top are SW, then SP/PH which requires a momentary push action to switch between.<br />
# '''DLC & Maneuver Flap Command Wheel:''' scrollable dial. Moving it with the landing gears fully deployed acts as a variable control for spoiler extension. With the landing gears up, the dial also acts the same but for flaps and slats.<br />
# '''DLC Engage/Disengage & CMS Dispense Button:''' multifunction button. When pressed with the landing gears fully deployed, this controls the engagement and disengagement of the DLC system. But with the landing gears fully retracted, this allows for pilot control of the CMS system.<br />
# '''Autopilot Reference & NWS Button:''' multifunction button. When the aircraft is up in the air, this controls specific autopilot settings. But when the aircraft is on the ground, this controls the activation of the nosewheel steering system.<br />
# '''Autopilot Emergency Disengage Paddle:''' multifunction button. Disengages all autopilot modes and DLC and releases all autopilot switches and roll and pitch SAS switches to OFF position.<br />
# '''Weapon Firing Trigger:''' two-stage trigger switch. The first detent enables CTVS and gun camera. Second detent releases selected forwards firing the weapon.<br />
<br />
=Flight Controls & Landing Gear=<br />
----<br />
==Flight Controls==<br />
[[File:Wheels-flaps.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The F-14B has a large hydraulic system which covers for all of the control surfaces of the aircraft. Without the hydraulic system, or taking damage the controls are in risk of improperly working. The F-14 Tomcat was the last of its generation to have no integration of an FBW or FCS system, which was introduced with the F-15 Eagle.<br />
<br />
The F-14's primary flight controls are:<br />
* '''Left Spoilers (LES):''' A set of spoilers that lie within the left wing of the aircraft that help with aileron movement and control that react opposite of the intended direction.<br />
* '''Right Spoilers (RES):''' A set of spoilers that lie within the right wing of the aircraft that help with aileron movement and control that react opposite of the intended direction.<br />
* '''Tailerons (TAIL):''' Two horizontal stabilizers located on the rear end of the aircraft that control both pitch and aileron movement.<br />
* '''Leading Edge Flaps (LEF):''' Normal slats located on the leading (front) edge of the wings to add lift.<br />
* '''Trailing Edge Flaps (TEF):''' Normal flaps located on the trailing (back) edge of the wings to add lift.<br />
<br />
<br />
The control stick controls the stabilators, ailerons, and rudder and the rudder pedals control the rudder.<br />
<br />
===Flaps System===<br />
The aircraft's flap system provides more lift (and as a byproduct, drag). The flaps lever has two positions:<br />
* '''NONE:''' This applies no flap whatsoever to the wings of the aircraft.<br />
* '''FULL:''' This applies full movement of flaps to the wings of the aircraft.<br />
<br />
<br />
The flaps lever allows for variable movement, which gives the pilot the ability to control the amount of flap they wish for.<br />
<br />
===Speed Brake===<br />
The speed brake is a flap located on the end of the aircraft designed to provide drag to decelerate faster. It is activated via the speed brake switch on the throttle. The two positions are:<br />
* '''EXT:''' When the switch is moved aft, this extends the speed brake of the aircraft out depending on the airspeed.<br />
* '''RET:''' When the switch is moved forward, this retracts the speed brake.<br />
<br />
===Trim===<br />
The tailerons are capable of being trimmed to make roll and pitch corrections. This is accomplished with the trim hat on the controls stick. When the autopilot system is engaged, the onboard computer will attempt to make active trim movements in order to keep the aircraft within the specified attitude when set, along of the setting parameters. As speed is either gained or lost, the trim will actively move the stick as well along of the tailerons to adapt.<br />
<br />
===Wing Sweep===<br />
The wings of the aircraft are a variable-sweep design allowing for automatic or manual movements from pilot input on the right throttle quadrant. Similar to wing fold, the wings are able to be overswept from its maximum position through a master reset of the system in order to allow tighter space and closer parking on the carrier deck.<br />
<br />
==Landing Gear==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat has 3 retractable landing gears: the nose gear, the left gear, and the right gear. The gear is moved via the gear lever on the left side of the cockpit. In the up position, the gear will retract. In the down position, the gear will extend. The gear lever cannot be put up with weight on wheels. The gear will not retract with the launch bar extended.<br />
<br />
===Nosewheel Steering===<br />
The nose gear features nosewheel steering (NWS) controlled by the rudder pedals. With the weight off of the wheels, it is disengaged. It automatically engages upon there being the weight on wheels. NWS is disengaged manually via the button on the stick.<br />
<br />
===Launch Bar===<br />
On the front nosegear is a launch bar that attaches the airplane to a catapult from launches from an aircraft carrier. Its deployment is pilot-controlled, but it is connected to the catapult by the ground crew (DCS default binding is U).<br />
<br />
It is controlled via the launch bar switch on the left upper console. When the switch in the RETRACT position, the launch bar will retract, but physically cannot do so when connected to the catapult. The switch will move to the RETRACT position automatically when there is a weight off wheels. In the EXTEND position, the launch bar will extend if there is the weight on wheels.<br />
<br />
=Autopilot and Autothrottle=<br />
----<br />
The F-14 Tomcat has the ability to automate certain types of flight via its Automatic Flight Control System (AFCS) and Automatic Throttle Control (ATC). The AFCS, or simply the autopilot, control the flight surfaces and the ATC controls the throttles.<br />
<br />
==AFCS==<br />
[[File:afcs.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The Automatic Flight Control System (AFCS), or just the "autopilot", controls the aircraft's flight controls to automate maneuvering. It is interfaced on the autopilot panel via the A/P engage switch. On the autopilot panel, there are 7 modes able to be toggled:<br />
# '''Pitch Stabilizer Augmentation:''' 2-position switch. This switch controls the ability for the pitch to be augmented for dampening.<br />
# '''Roll Stabilizer Augmentation:''' 2-position switch. This switch controls the ability for the roll to be augmented for dampening.<br />
# '''Yaw Stabilizer Augmentation:''' 2-position switch. This switch controls the ability for the yaw to be augmented for dampening.<br />
# '''VEC/PCD/ACL Switch:''' 3-position switch. This switch controls the remote control modes of autopilot with the steering bars and ACLS.<br />
# '''ALT Switch:''' 2-position switch.' This switch controls the ability to maintain the current altitude when autopilot is engaged.<br />
# '''HDG/GT Switch:''' 3-position switch. This switch controls the ability to maintain the current heading when autopilot is engaged.<br />
# '''ENGAGE Switch:''' 2-position switch. This switch engages and disengages the autopilot.<br />
<br />
==ATC==<br />
The automatic throttle control (ATC), or just "autothrottle", controls the physical throttles and thereby automated thrust control. ATC is toggled via ATC engage/disengage switch next to the throttle. When the ATC is engaged, the physical means of the throttle quadrants will begin to move on their own. However, whenever the pilot makes any new movement to the throttle whatsoever, the ATC will disengage to allow pilot control over both of the engines. The ATC is primarily used for landing on a carrier along of the ACLS system.<br />
<br />
=Digital Systems Overview=<br />
----<br />
[[File:displays.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
==Pilot==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat comes with 2 digital display screens in the Pilot cockpit:<br />
* '''Vertical Display Indicator (VDI):''' a multifunction display that allows for the pilot to see their HUD in a form of a repeater, and the [[#Television Camera Set|TCS]].<br />
* '''Horizontal Situation Display Indicator (HSD):''' a multifunction display that allows for the pilot to see their virtual compass for navigation modes, and the [[#AWG-9 Pulse-Doppler Radar|AWG-9 Radar]] from the RIO TID as a repeater.<br />
<br />
===Heads Up Display===<br />
The head-up display (HUD) is a projected display at the front of the cockpit that serves as the primary flight instrument. It also provides various indications for weapon delivery; this section will cover the HUD's indications in NAV master mode. Master mode/weapon-specific indications on the HUD will be covered in the relevant section.<br />
<br />
====Reject Modes====<br />
Via the switches next to the TO button on the displays panel, you are able to "declutter" or remove information off of the HUD.<br />
<br />
==Radar Intercept Officer==<br />
The Radar Intercept Officer (RIO) comes with 3 digital display screens in the RIO cockpit:<br />
* '''Detail Data Display (DDD):''' a dual-purpose display that allows for the RIO to see contacts on the [[#AWG-9 Pulse-Doppler Radar|radar]], based on the range and radar mode.<br />
* '''Tactical Information Display (TID):''' a multi-purpose display that allows for the RIO to see their [[#AWG-9 Pulse-Doppler Radar|AWG-9]] situational awareness, [[#Television Camera Set|TCS]], [[#TARPS Pod|TARPS]] and [[#LANTIRN Targeting Pod|LANTIRN]] pods.<br />
* '''Horizontal Situation Display Indicator (HSD):''' a multi-purpose display as to the one in the pilot cockpit.<br />
<br />
==Master Modes==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat has 5 primarily modes for information displayed. The 5 master modes are:<br />
* '''TO:''' switch. Displays takeoff information on HUD and VDI for degrees.<br />
* '''CRUISE:''' single-purpose button. Displays in-air flight information on HUD and VDI for degrees.<br />
* '''A/A:''' single-purpose button. Displays air-to-air information on HUD and VDI for degrees; and weapon employment.<br />
* '''A/G:''' single-purpose button. Displays air-to-ground information on HUD and VDI for degrees; and weapon employment.<br />
* '''LDG:''' single-purpose button. Displays landing information on HUD and VDI for degrees.<br />
<br />
<br />
Additionally, the F-14 Tomcat has an Air Combat Maneuver (ACM) panel which controls all air-to-air and air-to-ground aspects for armament.<br />
<br />
=Navigation=<br />
----<br />
The F-14 Tomcat has an inertial navigation system (INS) that allows the pilot to navigate by internal gyros aligned. However, due to the fault of having no GPS assistance, these gyros slowly drift over time and cause misalignment for visual information.<br />
<br />
==HSD==<br />
[[File:Hsd.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The Horizontal Situation Display Indicator (HSD) is the primary interface with the airplane's navigation systems. The HSI can be accessed from the bottom display screen. The basic function of the HSI is a rotating compass with a looking-from-above perspective. The controls for this screen are:<br />
# '''BRT Control:''' dial. Controls the brightness of the HSD screen.<br />
# '''HDG Control:''' dial. Controls the heading reference in TACAN mode.<br />
# '''CRS Control:''' dial. Controls the course heading reference in MAN and TACAN modes.<br />
# '''Test Button:''' single-purpose button. Resets the HSD screen if overload protection activates.<br />
# '''BIT Indicator:''' light. Shows a white light if a failure produces in the HSD.<br />
<br />
=== Steering Commands ===<br />
The HSD comes with a set of 5 different steering commands, which each have their own purpose towards displaying certain information:<br />
* '''TACAN:''' single-purpose button. Displays information based off of a radio beacon with range and direction.<br />
* '''DEST:''' single-purpose button. Displays information off of a selected waypoint from the RIO with range and direction.<br />
* '''AWL/PCD:''' single-purpose button. Displays information off of an ICLS frequency with azimuth and elevation bars (on VDI and HUD)<br />
* '''VEC:''' single-purpose button. ? (needs more info.)<br />
* '''MAN:''' single-purpose button. Displays information off of an entered heading (HDG Control) with direction.<br />
<br />
==Waypoints==<br />
The F-14B comes with an onboard flight computer system that handles waypoint navigation during in-air flight. The navigation system in the F-14B Tomcat gives a variety of waypoint holders, along with information for a set home plate.<br />
<br />
===Pilot===<br />
For the F-14B pilot, the waypoint information is able to be accessed by the DEST steering command and by using the NAV HSD display mode.<br />
<br />
===Radar Intercept Officer===<br />
For the F-14B Radar Intercept Officer, (RIO) the waypoints must be manually assigned by the RIO through the Computer Address Panel (CAP) system under the TAC DATA category. Once done, the waypoint must be selected through the CAP and entered in with coordinates similar to how INS alignment procedures are done.<br />
<br />
==TACAN==<br />
Tactical Air Navigation (TACAN) is a military radio navigation system. A TACAN beacon allows for an aircraft to determine its bearing and range from it, and using this information can navigate. TACAN's may be ground-based or be broadcasted by an airplane. TACAN channels have two bands, X and Y, and range from 1-126. 2 TACAN channels may be set present in the aircraft by both the Pilot and RIO for simultaneous use.<br />
<br />
The TACAN setting knobs give a range of these options:<br />
*'''T/R:''' Transmit and receive. Gets bearing and range from the TACAN.<br />
*'''RCV:''' Receive. Gets bearing from the TACAN.<br />
*'''A/A:''' Air-to-air TACAN mode.<br />
*'''X:''' Tunes the selected frequency on the X band.<br />
*'''Y:''' Tunes the selected frequency on the Y band.<br />
<br />
==ICLS==<br />
For night and low visibility operations, aircraft carriers have an Instrument Carrier Landing System (ICLS) to allow for instrument approaches to the carrier. ICLS provides horizontal and vertical guidance. The F-14 is equipped with ICLS.<br />
<br />
To activate the airplane's ICLS antenna, an ICLS dial is present to the right of the warning lights advisory panel, with an ARA on/off switch, used to toggle power to the system.<br />
<br />
When ILS is selected on the HSI, two bars, one horizontal and one vertical, appear near the velocity vector on the HUD. These indicate a vertical and horizontal deviation from the optimal glideslope (3°) and course to the deck. When they are both aligned with the velocity vector (making a "+"), the aircraft is on course.<br />
<br />
==ACLS==<br />
For CAT III conditions and poor visibility, the F-14 is equipped with the Automatic Carrier Landing System (ACLS) to allow an automatic flight to the carrier via. a radio-guided input from a Landing Signal Officer. (LSO) The auto-throttle and autopilot systems must be engaged and present during the time of activation with this system, along with lights given to the left of the VDI display.<br />
<br />
Datalink is required between the aircraft and the carrier in order for ACLS to work. When the best position of the azimuth and glideslope bars are within parameters, the nosewheel steering button is pressed in order to engage guidance.<br />
<br />
==Navigation Failures==<br />
The F-14B has a variety of navigation failures that may/can occur, including methods to fix them.<br />
<br />
===Navigation Fix Update===<br />
An error of latitude or longitude in the computer position of the aircraft can be corrected by a navigation fix update. Updating is especially important in the backup modes (AHRS AM and IMU/ AM) because of the estimated winds and magnetic variation changes. A nav fix is done via a ground-reference-point (latitude and longitude) position. The range and bearing of this position to the present aircraft position are used to update or correct existing values. The nav system may be updated by either a radar fix, a TACAN fix, or a visual fix.<br />
<br />
Before performing a nav fix, the latitude and longitude of the desired update point (radar, TACAN, or visual) must be stored in one of eight navigation point locations (three WPs, FIX PT, HOME BASE, HOST AREA, DEF PT, and IP). This data can be stored prior to flight by data link or by manual insertion. Then follow these steps:<br />
<br />
# Hook the Waypoint you choose to select for the nav fix.<br />
# Check the stored latitude and longitude on the TID.<br />
# Rotate the CATEGORY switch to NAV and select the desired type of update.<br />
<br />
<br />
Note that updating the position while in INS, and to a lesser degree while in IMU, can introduce a greater navigational position error than already present, in particular, if radar fix is used to update the nav system. Updates with a visual or TACAN fix provide reasonable accuracy (assuming a good MAG VAR during TACAN updates). Updating your nav system via a nav fix should be primarily used in the AHRS mode.<br />
<br />
===Radar Fix Update===<br />
An RDR FIX may be selected before or after positioning the DDD cursors. If the RDR FIX button is depressed, the computer computes the present position of the aircraft by measuring the range and bearing from the selected point. The delta between the computer position and the position determined by the INS is then displayed on the TID. If the entry of this delta into the navigation computations is desired, press the FIX ENABLE button. If the delta does not appear to be correct, the computer and the readout can be cleared by pressing the RDR FIX button. The fix may then be attempted again. The RIO should also perform periodic checks of own aircraft system altitude and update the altitude if necessary.<br />
<br />
Radar updating is performed as follows:<br />
<br />
# TID CURSOR/CAP - Hook Desired Navigation Point for Update.<br />
# PULSE SRCH button - Depress.<br />
# On sensor control panel: STAB switch - IN. EL BARS switch - 1. AZ SCAN switch - As Desired.<br />
# RDR FIX button - Depress.<br />
# DDD CURSOR button - Depress.<br />
# Action switch - Half Action (first detent).<br />
# Cursor is displayed on DDD.<br />
# Manipulate hand control DDD cursor over desired ground map point.<br />
# Action switch - Full Action and Release. (This will cause the DDD cursor to remain at the selected position.<br />
# Observe the delta for LAT and LONG on TID.<br />
# If readouts are unsatisfactory, deselect RDR FIX and repeat steps 4 through 12.<br />
# FIX ENABLE button - Depress.<br />
<br />
===TACAN Update===<br />
To perform a nav fix by TACAN requires that a restored waypoint shares identical LAT and LONG values with the TACAN station that will be used for the fix. Select the TACAN channel for the desired station and verify by listening to the coded identifier tone in the headset.<br />
<br />
Press the TACAN FIX button to update the aircraft position from a TACAN station. The WCS computer then calculates the own aircraft position error based on the range and bearing from the TACAN station. The delta is then entered in the same manner as with a radar fix.<br />
<br />
Perform a TACAN fix following these steps:<br />
<br />
# Select a TACAN channel whose latitude and longitude correspond to an update point.<br />
# Hook desired update point (WAYPT 1, FIX PT, HOME BASE, etc.).<br />
# CATEGORY switch - NAV.<br />
# TACAN FIX button - Depress.<br />
# Observe present position delta readout.<br />
# If delta is unsatisfactory, deselect TACAN FIX and repeat steps 2 through 7.<br />
# FIX ENABLE button - Depress.<br />
<br />
===Visual Update===<br />
To perform a visual fix, fly over a restored waypoint and press the VIS FIX button. Estimate your timing, because the aircraft nose and fuselage can obscure the fixed point during an overflight. It is also difficult to estimate when directly overhead a waypoint if the aircraft altitude is greater than 10.000 feet. The delta for the visual fix is displayed on the TID. Enter the delta by pressing FIX ENABLE.<br />
<br />
To perform a visual fix use the following steps:<br />
<br />
# Hook desired update point (WAY PT, HB, IP, etc.).<br />
# Select NAV category on CAP.<br />
# Overfly the selected restored point and when over the point, depress the VIS FIX button on the cap.<br />
# If the delta is not satisfactory, press VIS FIX again to clear the delta and repeat from step 1.<br />
# If a satisfactory delta is displayed, depress the FIX ENABLE button; this causes the delta correction of own-aircraft position to be inserted into the computer.<br />
<br />
===Datalink Update===<br />
To perform a data link update of the aircraft INS to the TDS frame of reference, the aircraft and TDS must share a prebriefed waypoint, identical in latitude and longitude. Enter this LAT/LONG data into the HOST AREA pseudo target file. The TDS will uplink the common reference point as a data link waypoint. When the aircraft and TDS INS systems agree, the data link waypoint and host area symbols will be superimposed on the TID. If they drift apart, the two pseudo targets on the TID will drift as well.<br />
<br />
To perform an update via data link, use the following steps:<br />
<br />
# Hook data link waypoint corresponding prebriefed reference point.<br />
# Select NAV category on CAP.<br />
# Overfly the hooked data link waypoint. When immediately over the point, press VIS FIX button on CAP.<br />
# Observe delta LAT and LONG on TID.<br />
# If deltas are satisfactory and update is desired, depress FIX ENABLE.<br />
# After a data link update, HOST AREA and data link waypoint should be superimposed on the TID again.<br />
<br />
===Fighter-to-Fighter Navigation Update===<br />
Net aircraft that use fighter-to-fighter data link can update their navigation system in the FF/DL mode. To update LAT/LONG hook the net aircraft symbol of an aircraft that is in close proximity and select F/F NAV UPDATE on the CAP. This will enter the hooked aircraft’s coordinates into the INS as own-aircraft coordinates. To update the nav system on an aircraft that is not close, first obtain a radar STT on that aircraft, hook the STT-ed aircraft on the TID and then press F/F NAV UPDATE on the CAP.<br />
<br />
=Defensive Systems=<br />
----<br />
The F-14B is equipped with various defensive systems: the AN/ALE-39 Countermeasure Dispensing System (CMDS), for the release of chaff and flares, the AN/ALQ-126 Deception ECM (DECM), for jamming enemy radar, and the AN/ALR-67 Radar Warning Reciever (RWR), for detection of enemy radar emitters and missile launches.<br />
<br />
==AN/ALR-67 RWR==<br />
[[File:alr-67.png|thumb|400px]]<br />
The AN/ALR-67 Radar Warning Receiver (RWR) provides the Hornet the ability to detect radars via the radio/microwave radiation they emit.<br />
<br />
===Audio Tones===<br />
Accompanying the RWR are various audio feedback tones:<br />
*'''Single Beep:''' A new ground- or sea-based emitter has been detected.<br />
*'''Double Beep:''' A new airborne emitter has been detected.<br />
*'''Repeating Beep:''' An emitter is tracking.<br />
*'''Faster Repeating Beep:''' An emitter is guiding a missile or is a missile.<br />
<br />
<br />
On the RWR gauge, the RWR knob will control the volume of the RWR tones.<br />
<br />
===Emitter Identifiers===<br />
''This list is, at present, not complete.''<br />
{|class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"<br />
!Type<br />
!RWR ID<br />
|-<br />
|U<br />
|Unknown<br />
|-<br />
|M<br />
|Active radar-homing missile<br />
|-<br />
|S<br />
|Search radar<br />
|-<br />
|3<br />
|SA-3 "Goa"<br />
|-<br />
|6<br />
|SA-6 "Gainful"<br />
|-<br />
|8<br />
|SA-8 "Gecko"<br />
|-<br />
|10<br />
|SA-10 "Grumble"<br />
|-<br />
|11<br />
|SA-11 "Gadfly"<br />
|-<br />
|11<br />
|F-111 Aardvark<br />
|-<br />
|12<br />
|SA-12 "Gladiator"<br />
|-<br />
|13<br />
|SA-13 "Gopher"<br />
|-<br />
|13<br />
|C-130 Hercules<br />
|-<br />
|14<br />
|F-14 Tomcat<br />
|-<br />
|15<br />
|F-15 Eagle<br />
|-<br />
|15 <br />
|SA-15 "Gauntlet"<br />
|-<br />
|16<br />
|F-16 Fighting Falcon<br />
|-<br />
|17<br />
|C-17 Globemaster III<br />
|-<br />
|18<br />
|F/A-18 Hornet<br />
|-<br />
|22<br />
|Tu-22 "Blinder"<br />
|-<br />
|23<br />
|MiG-23 "Flogger"<br />
|-<br />
|24<br />
|Su-24 "Fencer"<br />
|-<br />
|25<br />
|MiG-25 "Foxbat"<br />
|-<br />
|29<br />
|MiG-29 "Fulcrum"<br />
|-<br />
|29<br />
|Su-27 "Flanker"<br />
|-<br />
|29<br />
|Su-33 "Flanker-D"<br />
|-<br />
|30<br />
|Su-30 "Flanker-C"<br />
|-<br />
|31<br />
|MiG-31 "Foxhound"<br />
|-<br />
|34<br />
|Su-34 "Fullback"<br />
|-<br />
|39<br />
|Su-25M "Frogfoot"<br />
|-<br />
|40<br />
|''Spruance''-class destroyer<br />
|-<br />
|48<br />
|''Nimitz''-class carrier<br />
|-<br />
|49<br />
|''Oliver Hazard Perry''-class frigate<br />
|-<br />
|50<br />
|A-50 "Mainstay"<br />
|-<br />
|52<br />
|B-52 Stratofortress<br />
|-<br />
|76<br />
|IL-76 "Candid"<br />
|-<br />
|78<br />
|IL-78 "Midas"<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==AN/ALE-39 CMDS==<br />
[[File:f14 cms.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The AN/ALE-39 is the countermeasures dispensing set installed in the F-14B in this simulation. It controls its own set of launchers located between the engine nozzles on the underside of the so-called beaver-tail. The launchers each have two sections, one containing 10 cartridges and the other 20. They are referred to the left and right dispensers even though the left is really the front one and the right the back one with both being mounted inline on the left side of the tailhook. This is a remnant from the earliest model F-14s carrying the AN/ALE-29.<br />
<br />
This all sums up to a capacity of 60 cartridges in the system with each section necessarily holding one type of cartridges meaning that any combination of cartridges is possible as long as each type’s quantity is a multiple of 10. The system itself has no real knowledge of what is loaded where so incorrectly programming the system can lead to the wrong type of cartridge being ejected.<br />
<br />
===Cockpit Controls===<br />
The system itself can be operated manually from the control panel in the RIO pit or the DLC thumbwheel on the pilot stick when the flaps lever is in the up position. It is also capable of running programmed sequences of ejection which in turn can be initiated manually by the RIO from the control panel or the direction hats mounted on the handhold over the DDD. In addition, the AN/ALR-67 can also initiate the chaff ejection program if set up correctly on the AN/ALE-39 control panel.<br />
<br />
==AN/ALQ-126 DECM==<br />
The AN/ALQ-126 deception jammer is designed to detect radar threats, analyze them, select the optimum countermeasure technique available and apply it. Available techniques for jamming are amongst others, main lobe blanking, inverse con-scan, range-gate pull-off and swept square modes. In DCS this is modeled as a simple noise jammer due to engine limitations but controlled by the DECM logic as to when it’s on or off.<br />
<br />
===Cockpit Controls===<br />
The controls for the AN/ALQ-126 DECM are all located on the right horizontal panel in the RIO pit, the panel as the image above. In addition, there are two indication lights co-located with the RWR threat indicators on the right side of the TID. The mode selector knob controls power and operational mode that the system is in. The modes for the DECM are as follows:<br />
<br />
* '''OFF:''' turns off power to the system. STBY begins pre-warming of the system, taking in all-around 5 minutes.<br />
* '''TEST HOLD 3 SEC:''' is used to prepare the system for BIT, after 3 seconds in this mode, turn the knob to TEST - ACT.<br />
* '''TEST ACT:''' starts the BIT in the system. The BIT takes approximately 30 seconds and the RCV light will be illuminated the whole time while the XMIT light will flash twice. If the STANDBY light illuminates it indicates that a no-go condition exists in the system.<br />
* '''REC:''' enables the system to receive the only mode, enabling analyzation of threats and also the threat audio.<br />
* '''RPT:''' enables full system functionality, in addition to REC it also now tries to jam threats according to the selected method.<br />
<br />
=Television Camera Set=<br />
----<br />
[[File:tcs_symbology.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The F-14B is outfitted with the ALQ-100 Television Camera Set (TCS) pod, used for visually identifying aircraft during the time of which IFF was not a trusted/more inferior method to confirming hostile aircraft and to keep track of their position, as well as their living status.<br />
<br />
==Symbology==<br />
On the TID, in non-TV mode, a TCS track is indicated by a 1.5” strobe at TCS LOS azimuth with a hollow circle at the end.<br />
<br />
The symbology on the video feed from the TCS has indicators for the FOV and two crosshairs indicating TCS LOS relative own aircraft, GACH, and AN/AWG-9 radar LOS relative TCS LOS, RACH. Additionally, the track window is indicated by 4 small squares representing each corner of that window.<br />
<br />
The gimbal angle crosshairs or GACH, which is a solid cross, indicate deflection of the TCS LOS from the aircraft datum line, ADL. GACH crosshair in the center indicates TCS LOS along ADL and deflection towards the edges indicate deflection towards the gimbal limits with the video edges being maximum deflection.<br />
<br />
RACH or radar angle crosshairs, a dashed crosshair, indicate radar antenna LOS when inside the current TCS FOV. When the sensors slave to one another RACH and GACH will coincide creating a single solid crosshair.<br />
<br />
The track window indicates the area that the TCS contrast tracker is currently locked on to if it has acquired a target. When not in an active track these squares collapse into the center of the display being 2% of the screen width when in manual mode and 5% when in an auto mode.<br />
<br />
=LANTIRN Targeting Pod=<br />
----<br />
[[File:flir.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The F-14B can carry the AN/AAQ-14 Low Altitude Navigation and Targeting Infrared For Night (LANTIRN) targeting pod. This pod consists of a Forward-Looking Infrared (FLIR) camera (which also includes a digital charged coupled device camera) for target locating and observing, a Laser Target Designator/Ranger for firing a laser that both designates targets for laser-homing weapons and gathers ranging information for designating whatever the FLIR is pointed at as an air-to-ground, and a Laser Spot Tracker (LST) which can search for and track a laser, allowing for the FLIR to be cued onto an offboard (ground or air-designated) laser from another unit and then designate a Target off said point; this allows for most effective buddy-lasing. The targeting pod can be used in both air-to-ground and air-to-air functions, but the LTD/R and LST are only used for A/G operation.<br />
<br />
==Symbology==<br />
The following areas on the LANTIRN are to represent:<br />
# '''A/C Position Data:''' Displays aircraft LAT/LON, altitude, and groundspeed information.<br />
# '''LANTIRN Polarity:''' Displays white or hot background. AGC is for automatic gain control, MGC is for manual gain control.<br />
# '''LANTIRN Information:''' Gives general information on the pod. SR is for slant range, AZ/EL for azimuth/elevation of sight, and rest is UTC time.<br />
# '''LANTIRN Track Mode:''' Displays the current tracking mode. A/A is for air-to-air, A/G is for air-to-ground. Right side is for current selected weapon.<br />
# '''Track Data:''' Displays information of LAT/LON and altitude of where the sight is at.<br />
# '''Track:''' Displays the hairs for point and area track, and what the sight is directly pointed at.<br />
# '''Launch Envelopes:''' The top tape is for the heading relative of the aircraft to the track. The right side tape is for the release point.<br />
<br />
=TARPS Pod=<br />
----<br />
Not yet implemented.<br />
<br />
=Air-to-Air Radar=<br />
----<br />
==Detail Data Display==<br />
[[File:f14 ddd.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
Among the 3 digital displays, the Detail Data Display gives the RIO information about contacts from the AWG-9 radar in terms of range and radar mode, with respect to the notch filter.<br />
<br />
===Notch Filter===<br />
The AWG-9 radar in the F-14B Tomcat has a notch filter when using the pulse-doppler radar modes under certain conditions. These conditions include, but are not limited to:<br />
<br />
* ~100 knot difference of the aircraft relative to contact<br />
* Contact flying 90 degrees perpendicular CW/CCW to aircraft<br />
* Masking with ground terrain scan return<br />
<br />
<br />
There is a rough line shown in the radar modes, likewise of the jamming lobe, for when considering the notch filter that the contact will disappear from.<br />
<br />
==Tactical Information Display==<br />
[[File:f14 tid.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The Tactical Information Display (TID) gives the RIO of the F-14B the main information on the AWG-9 radar, including situational awareness, range, altitude, and contact heading.<br />
<br />
===Display Modes===<br />
The TID comes with a total of 8 display modes available, that can be toggled either on or off for purposes of gathering more information or decluttering:<br />
<br />
* '''RID DISABLE:''' ? needs more info. Not yet implemented.<br />
* '''ALT NUM:''' Displays the altitude of contact with a singular digit rounded to the nearest thousand.<br />
* '''SYM ELEM:''' Displays the symbology of contacts corresponding to HAFU.<br />
* '''DATA LINK:''' Displays contacts from the datalink frequency.<br />
* '''JAM STROBE:''' Displays the jamming strobes. Not yet implemented.<br />
* '''NON-ATTK:''' Displays determined (manual IFF or datalink) HAFU of friendly contacts.<br />
* '''VEL VECTOR:''' Displays the velocity vectors of contacts.<br />
* '''LAUNCH ZONE:''' Displays contact approximate missile launch zones.<br />
<br />
==AN/AWG-9 Radar==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat is equipped with the AN/AWG-9 all-weather and pulse-doppler radar. It is a very long-range radar used for the main purpose of intercept.<br />
<br />
===Radar Modes===<br />
The AWG-9 in the F-14B comes with 2 types of radar modes: doppler and pulse-doppler search. Of those two, subsets are able to be observed as 5 in this list:<br />
<br />
* '''PD SRCH:''' Pulse-Doppler Search mode. No bias factor of the radar, but impedes to pulse-doppler methods.<br />
* '''PD STT:''' Pulse-Doppler Single Target Track mode. By default upon acquiring a lock with the AWG-9, the radar will move to this function mode. It is currently suspectable to the notch filter.<br />
* '''RWS:''' Range While Search mode. The radar will prioritize the range of targets but not other factors. Falls under pulse-doppler.<br />
* '''TWS MAN:''' Track While Scan - Manual mode. The radar will prioritize the situational awareness of other targets but not give information on every target. The radar will also prioritize targets by threat importance.<br />
* '''TWS AUTO:''' Track While Scan - Auto mode. The radar will perform the same as TWS Man, but the elevation and azimuth controls will be automated in the process for an optimal scan.<br />
* '''PULSE SRCH:''' Pulse Search mode. No bias factor of the radar and can not be impeded to the notch filter, unlike the pulse-doppler method. The radar will, however, output a return of everything that is scanned and requires tuning.<br />
* '''PULSE STT:''' Pulse Single Target Track mode. Performing similarly to Pulse Search mode, this function mode applies to only a single target and is not suspectable to the notch filter.<br />
<br />
====Pulse-Doppler Search Mode====<br />
[[File:f14 pulsedoppler.png|thumb|350px]]<br />
The pulse-doppler search mode is used mainly as a kind of early warning mode. It is the search mode with the greatest detection range but it can display no range to the RIO, only closure rate. For this reason, the TID can display no track information.<br />
<br />
====Pulse-Doppler STT Mode====<br />
[[File:f14 pdstt.png|thumb|350px]]<br />
The pulse-doppler STT works and looks much like the pulse STT mode. It does, however, have the same advantages and disadvantages compared to pulse STT as the other pulse-doppler modes compared to the pulse modes. This means that while much better at tracking a target close to the ground it is however vulnerable to notching.<br />
<br />
The DDD display for pulse-doppler STT looks like pulse STT display except that the target return and antenna azimuth display are moved to the left side of the screen and a generated synthetic target marker is displayed at the correct azimuth instead. This is so that the targets range can be displayed by the synthetic target, unlike the other pulse-doppler modes which only shows closure rate. The other symbology on the DDD in this mode are the same as in pulse STT.<br />
<br />
====Range While Search Mode====<br />
In range while search, a frequency measuring ranging mode is added (FM ranging) to allow the radar to measure the range of tracked targets in addition to closure rate. This additional processing does, however, mean that the effective range of the radar is somewhat lesser. The display on the DDD is the same as in pulse-doppler search, the TID however also shows tracks in this mode showing the targets as tracks momentarily as they’re scanned and displaying their position and altitude. <br />
<br />
The targets are shown for a maximum of two seconds or until the antenna again scans the same bar at the same azimuth at which time it is removed unless detected again. The maximum number of concurrently shown tracks are 48.<br />
<br />
====TWS Manual Mode====<br />
The track, while scan mode uses the same FM ranging as RWS with the same reduction in range compared to pulse-doppler search and the DDD display, is also the same. The main difference that the computer establishes track files and tracks up to 24 targets concurrently of which 18 can be shown on the TID at any given time.<br />
<br />
As the computer routine calculating these tracks need a set track refresh time of 2 seconds this limits available azimuth scan area and bar settings to either 20° 4 bars or 40° 2 bars. When entering TWS the computer automatically selects the ±20° 4 bar scan disregarding the RIO set scan volumes unless those are set to ±40° 2 bars in which case that is used instead.<br />
<br />
The TWS mode is also the only mode enabling guidance of the AIM-54 at multiple targets (up to six), and as soon as engageable targets are detected the computer starts assigning them a missile priority number according to optimal missile firing sequence.<br />
<br />
====TWS Auto Mode====<br />
Performing similarly to TWS Man mode, what differs between the two is that in TWS auto the computer takes control of used scan volume and scan pattern azimuth and elevation as soon as target tracks are present. The WCS computer automatically tries to optimize the scan volume and direction so that tracking of the prioritized targets is maximized. If not selected before launch the WCS overrides as soon as the first AIM-54 is launched and selects TWS Auto.<br />
<br />
====Pulse Search Mode====<br />
[[File:f14 pulse.png|thumb|350px]]<br />
Pulse search is used to search for and find airborne targets at range. It is possible to use this radar mode as a basic ground mapper as well which can be useful for navigation and navigational fixes and can also be used in a pinch to detect larger surface targets like ships. Keep in mind though that the radar is not built with this as its main function and that a real air-to-ground radar will outperform it handily.<br />
<br />
In this mode, the radar cannot by itself differentiate targets and generate tracks meaning that the WCS will not generate track files and display anything on the TID. This also means that pulse search is not capable of guiding missiles.<br />
<br />
====Pulse STT Mode====<br />
[[File:f14 pstt.png|thumb|350px]]<br />
Pulse STT is used to track a single target, like pulse search mode it is not susceptible to notching but it is to ground clutter. The fact that the STT modes use gates to track the target, in this case, range gates, means that it is less susceptible to ground clutter but a target close enough to the ground that the ground return enters the range gates would be likely to shake the lock.<br />
<br />
As it is only in the pulse-doppler modes that the missile guidance commands can be sent pulse STT is limited to launching AIM-7s in CW mode and AIM-54s in an active launch mode limiting their ranges. At short ranges, ACM ranges, it is possible to use the ASPECT switch to set what aspect of the target to track, this is just to counter different types of countermeasures. As an example, if set to NOSE the radar will be less susceptible to chaff as the radar weights its track towards the targets leading-edge (nose) away from the chaff being launched behind the target.<br />
<br />
A successful track is indicated by the ANT TRK and RDROT indicator lights on the DDD, meaning that the antenna is tracking the target and that the target is within the range gates. If the target is jamming with sufficient strength, negating a range track, the radar will transition to a jam angle track instead, indicated by the JAT indicator light on the DDD illuminating instead of the RDROT. When range tracking is again possible at closer ranges the radar will transition to that instead.<br />
<br />
The DDD in this mode will be similar to the pulse search mode but the antenna will be locked onto the target and not scan. Additionally, the DDD will show the range gates around the target, a closing rate symbol at the right scale and applicable attack symbology if a valid missile is selected.<br />
<br />
===Anti-Jamming Modes===<br />
Not yet implemented.<br />
<br />
===AN/APX-76 IFF Interrogator===<br />
The AN/APX-76 IFF (Identification Friend or Foe) interrogator is integrated into the AN/AWG-9 operation. Then interrogator antenna itself is located on the AN/AWG-9 antenna gimbal platform. An IFF system works by sending out an interrogation pulse and then listening for returns from cooperating transponders. In addition to the unencrypted civilian mode the AN/APX-76 is capable of interrogating in the encrypted military mode 4. This ensures that targets replying to mode 4 interrogations are indeed friendly. The AN/APX-76 can be used both in search radar modes and in STT radar modes. To enable interrogation the IFF switch is depressed on the Detail Data Display Panel which then activates the interrogator for as long as the button is held up to 10 seconds max.<br />
<br />
When enabled IFF received IFF returns are then overlaid on the normal AN/AWG-9 radar returns on the DDD. A friendly target will be indicated with two bars, one above and one below the normal radar return. As the AN/APX-76 is a separate radar, secondary mode, radar apart from the AWG-9 the IFF can sometimes also detect targets not detected by the AWG-9. In this case the IFF return will not have a radar echo inside it. In the search mode this is overlaid over each target replying and in STT over the STT target. Additionally, if the STT target is hooked on the TID the DDD will switch from normal range display to a ±10 NM display to enable display of multiple returns in case of closely grouped targets.<br />
<br />
==HAFU/Datalink==<br />
[[File:HAFU.png|right|80px]]<br />
Hostile, Ambiguous, Friendly or Unknown (HAFU) is a symbology system used by the F/A-18 to represent trackfiles; specifically, to show its status as a friendly or hostile. It is usually what trackfiles are displayed as across the software.<br />
<br />
There are four HAFU symbols:<br />
*'''Triangle:''' Hostile (red when colored)<br />
*'''Thick Staple:''' Ambiguous (yellow when colored)<br />
*'''Half-Circle:''' Friendly (green when colored)<br />
*'''Thin Staple:''' Unknown (yellow when colored)<br />
<br />
<br />
All types except ambiguous can be manually assigned via the [[#SA Format|Situational Awareness]] format. Tracks will also be automatically identified as explained below.<br />
<br />
A hostile HAFU will be assigned whenever:<br />
* A negative IFF response is returned, and<br />
** An NCTR print returns with an aircraft type that is on the hostile coalition; or<br />
** A SURV (surveillance, like an AWACS) source over datalink also marks it hostile; or<br />
** A F/F (fighter-fighter, like another F/A-18) source over datalink also marks it hostile.<br />
<br />
<br />
An ambiguous HAFU will be assigned when the aircraft and a donor have conflicting identifications (friendly and hostile).<br />
<br />
A friendly HAFU will be assigned whenever an IFF interrogation returns as friendly or the track itself is contributed to by the Precise Participant Location and Identification (PPLI) system.<br />
<br />
An unknown HAFU will be assigned by default until it is updated by meeting one of the requirements above.<br />
<br />
=Air-to-Air Weapons=<br />
----<br />
This area will cover over all the different air-to-air weapons brought with the F-14B Tomcat.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Air Gun==<br />
[[File:f14 gun aa.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
''Using Real-Time mode.''<br />
<br />
The F-14 Tomcat is outfitted with the M61A1 Vulcan 6-barreled Gatling cannon, being able to hold up a maximum of 675 rounds internally.<br />
<br />
===Gun Rates===<br />
The cannon offers 2 modes of combat in the F-14B: <br />
<br />
* '''LOW:''' mode which slows down the muzzle rate, used for Air-to-Ground.<br />
* '''HIGH:''' mode which is to be used for Basic Fighter Maneuvering. (BFM)<br />
<br />
===Gun Modes===<br />
The cannon for Air-to-Air mode is able to be placed into 2 following positions:<br />
<br />
* '''Manual:''' this mode is able to be selected by depressing the CAGE/SEAM button, which will then only display the pipper and ammo count.<br />
* '''Real-Time:''' this mode is the regular, default mode. Along with a radar lock, the pipper will calculate to be accurate when directed to the diamond contact box. This will also give a closure rate towards the contact and the range relative to the aircraft.<br />
<br />
===Symbology===<br />
<br />
The symbology for the cannon is displayed on the HUD with the weapon master selector in the GUN position, and display in A/A. By default, the gun rounds indicator will be displayed as 0 for rounds per 100. Located next to the display panel to the right is the gun ammo counter. Additionally, the gunsight elevation is also able to be adjusted underneath the steer commands on the display panel.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Air Missiles==<br />
===Missile Preparation===<br />
Missile preparation in the F-14B Tomcat is started by moving the master arm switch on the ACM panel underneath the HUD to ON. This is then followed by pressing the MSL PREP and SW COOL buttons to be ON, depending on the armament type.<br />
<br />
===AIM-54 Phoenix===<br />
The AIM-54 is a long-range, semi-active radar missile for Air-to-Air use. The F-14 was the only aircraft to carry it in service and was used to take down Soviet bombers. However, it is able to be used on fighters as well. The AIM-54 comes with a proximity fuse and missile gate suite for non-direct contact explosions and radar tracking methods. <br />
<br />
Upon the launch of the missile, active input from the AN/AWG-9 radar is used to guide itself towards the contact. When reaching pitbull range (~20 nmi.) the missile will then use the radar in itself and steer until impact. <br />
<br />
The time until impact will be calculated during the whole flight of the missile after the launch sequence on the TID as a seconds counter next to the contact.<br />
<br />
====Missile Variants====<br />
The AIM-54 for the F-14 in DCS is not only just 1 variant but 2 provided for the aircraft:<br />
<br />
* '''AIM-54A Mk.60:''' The A variant Mk.60 is a specific version of the AIM-54 Phoenix which utilizes burn time and speed over agility and smoke. The Mk.60 is able to be fired from at most ~100 nmi. under optimal conditions, factoring altitude, kinetic airspeed, contact airspeed, and altitude. The recommended firing distance of the variant, however, is ~45 nmi.<br />
* '''AIM-54C Mk.47:''' The C variant Mk.47 is a later upgrade to the missile that utilizes agility and smoke over burn time and speed. While the C variant provides a no-smoke solution, it lacks the favoring of speed and distance. Under optimal conditions similar to the A, this missile variant is best at ~60 nmi. The recommended distance to contact for firing is ~30 nmi.<br />
<br />
====Launch Modes====<br />
The main seeker in the AIM-54 is able to be fired through 3 launch modes in according:<br />
<br />
# '''Semi-active Radar Homing (SARH):''' In the first stage of the AIM-54 engagement, the missile is guided semi-actively by the AN/AWG-9 radar using both guidance commands transmitted via the radar and radar energy reflected off the target. Then when the missile is within range of its seeker’s ARH mode the AN/AWG-9 commands the missile to switch to ARH. In pulse doppler STT the AIM-54 uses SARH all the way to the target receiving guidance commands at a greater rate than in TWS and also continuous spotlighting of the target because of the STT mode being used. This increases the effective range of the AIM-54 seeker slightly.<br />
# '''Active Radar Homing (ARH):''' This tells the WCS to immediately command the AIM-54 to go active in the first guidance command after launch. If launched at a target within 6 NM if in the targets rear hemisphere or 10 NM miles if in its forward hemisphere the WCS will also automatically command this mode instead of a SARH mode. If the target is not detected actively by the seeker it will still fall back to SARH until the seeker can acquire on its own like in the two SARH modes.<br />
# '''ACM Active:''' The missile is commanded active before launch making this the only mode where the missile is truly fire and forget. The AIM-54 missile receives the active message before launching from the WCS in addition to a command prepositioning the seeker-head to have it look at the current WCS track if available.<br />
<br />
<br />
Additionally, the AIM-54 has an unofficial method of launching the missile:<br />
<br />
* '''Mad-dogging:''' A method that uses the aircraft relative to their contact altitude and airspeed and firing the AIM-54 in the direction, which will force it to become semi-active within the pitbull range.<br />
<br />
====HUD Symbology====<br />
[[File:f14 aim54 hud.png|thumb|400px]]<br />
The pilot will receive standard symbology of the AIM-54 missile selected when the display is in A/A mode. Similar to the GUNS format, displayed on the HUD will be the weapon type denoted in 2 letters, and the number of missiles. Additionally, any more advanced symbology will occur by lock, which is required at first to fire the missile without "mad-dogging."<br />
<br />
====VDI Symbology====<br />
[[File:f14 aim54 vdi.png|thumb|400px]]<br />
The pilot will also receive additional symbology on the VDI whenever a radar lock occurs with the AIM-54 selected.<br />
<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
===AIM-7 Sparrow===<br />
The AIM-7 Sparrow is an active-radar guided missile for Air-to-Air employment. This missile requires an active radar lock to a contact in order to guide itself for impact. The benefit of this missile is that it is able to lose trackoing guidance if the aircraft breaks the lock on a friendly contact, as well as being able to be used in a mixed scenario.<br />
<br />
The maximum range of the Sparrow under optimal conditions as the Phoenix is ~25 nmi. The recommended distance, however, is roughly ~10 nmi.<br />
<br />
===AIM-9 Sidewinder===<br />
The AIM-9 Sidewinder is an IR-guided missile that self tracks based off of thermal energy (heat) of an aircraft. This missile should be used for close quarters range, where agility and speed are a high priority. The benefit of this missile is how quickly it can turn onto a contact. However, a con to this can be "sun-aiming," where the missile follows a contact that flies directly to the sun and immediately flanks out of the sensor sight of the Sidewinder.<br />
<br />
The maximum range on this missile is ~10 nmi., but recommended range is within ~5 nmi. under optimal conditions.<br />
<br />
=Air-to-Ground Weapons=<br />
----<br />
The F-14B Tomcat comes with a variety of air-to-ground weapons after the upgrade to the Bombcat.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Ground Gun==<br />
The symbology of the Air-to-Ground Gun is similar to of the Air-to-Air mode. The weapon will instead keep a diamond inside with the cross until passing the horizon threshold. All happens with the Gun selected and the HUD steering command in A/G mode.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Ground Bombs==<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
===Mk-20/81/82/83/84 GPB===<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
===GBU-12/14/16 LGB===<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
===BDU-33 Training Bomb===<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
===ADM-141 TALD===<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Ground Rockets==<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
=Resources=<br />
----<br />
==Contributors==<br />
* Jak: An early contributor who wrote information on what the aircraft was and helping serve filler content.<br />
* Nullspec: Contributor towards the F/A-18C Hornet on implemented/non-implemented for the formatting.<br />
<br />
==Manuals & Documents==<br />
* [https://info.publicintelligence.net/F14AAP-1B.pdf F-14B NATOPS Pocket Checklist]<br />
* [http://www.heatblur.se/F-14Manual/ Heatblur F-14 Manual]<br />
<br />
==Heatblur's Videos==<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q1o7E9pb95Y Episode 1: Overview]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OO3IdQjAdDA Episode 2: Pilot's Cockpit Walkaround]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ws1GxPG2ZXw Episode 3: Cold And Dark (Full Startup)]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kgpGO7fj4oU Episode 4: The RIO's Office]<br />
<br />
==Jabbers' Tutorial Videos==<br />
(They're good!)<br />
<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2qwlJs__iYk Pilot - Startup/Taxi/Takeoff with JESTER AI]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b5opjCygZug Pilot - Maneuvering and Flight Characteristics]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f4y2oZ-7rM8 Pilot - Air-to-Air Refueling]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ujk4hL_EnUc Pilot - ACM - Radar Acquisition Modes]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wftck0C3fJ8 Pilot - Weapons - Zuni Rockets with JESTER AI]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4m-Q02gxFEA Pilot - Weapons - AIM-9 Sidewinder]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SWeHtpJ00JI RIO - Startup]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r4-Dd4ss2Rc RIO - AWG-9 Radar]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YG7sWweg2RQ RIO - IFF Interrogation]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2q-bHFyTEr8 Overview - AIM-54C Mk.47 Phoenix - Tacview Debrief]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PyAQpqVhtBY Overview - AIM-54A Mk.60 Phoenix - Tacview Debrief]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4groy-_Bxfk Quick Tips - AIM-54 Phoenix]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Is3AtOX-abw Quick Tips - Bombing]<br />
<br />
==RedKit's Tutorial Videos==<br />
(More in-depth on particular systems, referenced throughout the guide.)<br />
<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R9-8UCj66Ds Pilot/RIO - LANTIRN & LGB Bombs]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k5femxA_lis Pilot/RIO - ICLS & ACLS]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YqQz9YrEi6A Pilot/RIO - INS Fix]</div>Siriushttps://wiki.hoggitworld.com/index.php?title=F-14A/B&diff=10646F-14A/B2019-09-29T22:34:09Z<p>Sirius: /* Resources */</p>
<hr />
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<br />
'''NOTE:''' This guide is currently under a work-in-progress (WIP) state. If you have any information pertaining to the topics or feedback, please relay them over to Sirius#0002 on Discord, or in the Hoggit Discord #wiki-discussion channel. Thanks!<br />
<br />
The Grumman '''F-14A/B''' Tomcat is a two-seat, twin-engine supersonic variable wing-sweep fighter aircraft. The F-14 was the first US fighter jet with twin tails and was the largest & heaviest US fighter to ever fly from an aircraft carrier. The reason that the F-14 was so incredibly large and heavy was that it carried the large AWG-9 radar and accompanying AIM-54 Phoenix (air-to-air) missiles: this very capable combination allowed the F-14 to make shots of up to 200 nautical miles at the bad guys. Also, being big means you can carry a lot of fuel!<br />
<br />
Of course, the practical range of the AWG-9 is rather more limited, especially if you are shooting at more maneuverable fighter-sized targets, but even at these closer ranges, the AIM-54 Phoenix is still a capable missile that should not be underestimated. The F-14 is also capable of carrying an array of air-to-ground weapons, such as dumb bombs in both high and low drag forms, air-to-ground Zuni rockets and even laser-guided bombs, which can be self-designated using the LANTIRN targeting pod on the F-14.<br />
<br />
Most people will recognize and adore the F-14 because of its stardom presence in that one weird volleyball movie from the '80s. Its on-screen presence in movies will make the F-14 to appear docile and easy to fly, but due to lack of a fly-by-wire the F-14 can be a real handful: it being a pilot's aircraft however makes it fun to fly and learn. The analogous nature of the F-14 (comparable to the F-5E II Tigershark) will give you a good knowledge of the airplane over time but requires a bit of a different mindset that the computerized flight of the F/A-18C and the F-15.<br />
<br />
__TOC__<br />
<br />
=Weapons List=<br />
----<br />
==Implemented==<br />
Partially or fully implemented weapons of the F14/A/B Tomcat:<br />
* M61 Vulcan Six-Barreled Gatling Gun<br />
* AIM-7M/F Sparrow<br />
* CAP/AIM-9M Sidewinder<br />
* AIM-54A Phoenix Mk. 60<br />
* AIM-54C Phoenix Mk. 47<br />
* Mk-81, 82, 83, and 84 <br />
* GBU-10, 12, 16, and 24 <br />
* MK-20 Rockeye<br />
* Zuni Rockets<br />
* BDU-33 Practice Bombs<br />
* ADM-141 TALD<br />
* LUU-2 Parachute Flare<br />
* Smokewinder<br />
* LANTIRN Pod<br />
* FPU-1 Fuel Tank<br />
<br />
==Planned==<br />
Weapons not yet implemented into the Tomcat:<br />
* TARPS Pod<br />
<br />
=Hands On Throttle And Stick (HOTAS)=<br />
----<br />
==Throttle==<br />
[[File:throttle.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The throttle of the F-14 Tomcat consists of 2 quadrants, both for the left and right engines. There is an afterburner detent along with a cutoff detent for maximum throttle and shutdown of the engine for each quadrant.<br />
<br />
The throttle has the following controls:<br />
# '''Speed Brake Switch:''' 2-position switch. "EXT" is a momentary and needed input position that extends the speed brake outward depending on the aircraft speed.<br />
# '''Wing Sweep Switch:''' 4-way hat switch. "AUTO" sets the wing to sweep automatically determined by an onboard computer, "BOMB" sets the wing to sweep in an angled position between fully extended and retracted and dependent on speed for the air-to-ground bombing.<br />
# '''PLM Button:''' multifunction button. When the steering command is in A2A mode, this acts as a pilot lock-on tool for the AWG-9 radar. But when used for landing and/or in the LDG steering command mode, this allows for disengagement of the ACLS.<br />
# '''CAGE/SEAM Button:''' multifunction button. When the steering command is in A2A mode, this allows for CAGE/SEAM lock-on of the AIM-9 Sidewinder. But when used for landing and/or in the LDG steering command mode, this allows for disengagement of the APC.<br />
# '''Exterior Light Switch:''' 2-position switch. Used to toggle the exterior lights of the aircraft.<br />
# '''ICS PTT Switch:''' 2-position switch. Acts as a push-to-talk system for the ICS system inside of the aircraft used between the Pilot and RIO. (or JESTER AI)<br />
<br />
==Control Stick==<br />
[[File:stick.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The control stick is located in the center of the cockpit, mounted onto the floor. Left and right movements of the control stick direct hydraulic movement to the spoilers and horizontal stabilizers of the aircraft. Forward and backward movement result to respectively the same but to the horizontal stabilizers.<br />
<br />
The control stick has the following controls:<br />
# '''Bomb Release Button:''' single-purpose button. When pressed in A2G steering command mode, all pylons selected with bombs will release respective of the ripple settings, type, and interval.<br />
# '''Trim Hat:''' 4-way hat switch. Upward movement moves the aircraft downward, and downward movement moves the aircraft upward. Both left and right movements follow to their directions according to their name.<br />
# '''Weapon Select Hat:''' 4-way hat switch. Bottom selection is OFF, and a ridge requires a momentary push action to move in/out of to GUN. Following all to the top are SW, then SP/PH which requires a momentary push action to switch between.<br />
# '''DLC & Maneuver Flap Command Wheel:''' scrollable dial. Moving it with the landing gears fully deployed acts as a variable control for spoiler extension. With the landing gears up, the dial also acts the same but for flaps and slats.<br />
# '''DLC Engage/Disengage & CMS Dispense Button:''' multifunction button. When pressed with the landing gears fully deployed, this controls the engagement and disengagement of the DLC system. But with the landing gears fully retracted, this allows for pilot control of the CMS system.<br />
# '''Autopilot Reference & NWS Button:''' multifunction button. When the aircraft is up in the air, this controls specific autopilot settings. But when the aircraft is on the ground, this controls the activation of the nosewheel steering system.<br />
# '''Autopilot Emergency Disengage Paddle:''' multifunction button. Disengages all autopilot modes and DLC and releases all autopilot switches and roll and pitch SAS switches to OFF position.<br />
# '''Weapon Firing Trigger:''' two-stage trigger switch. The first detent enables CTVS and gun camera. Second detent releases selected forwards firing the weapon.<br />
<br />
=Flight Controls & Landing Gear=<br />
----<br />
==Flight Controls==<br />
[[File:Wheels-flaps.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The F-14B has a large hydraulic system which covers for all of the control surfaces of the aircraft. Without the hydraulic system, or taking damage the controls are in risk of improperly working. The F-14 Tomcat was the last of its generation to have no integration of an FBW or FCS system, which was introduced with the F-15 Eagle.<br />
<br />
The F-14's primary flight controls are:<br />
* '''Left Spoilers (LES):''' A set of spoilers that lie within the left wing of the aircraft that help with aileron movement and control that react opposite of the intended direction.<br />
* '''Right Spoilers (RES):''' A set of spoilers that lie within the right wing of the aircraft that help with aileron movement and control that react opposite of the intended direction.<br />
* '''Tailerons (TAIL):''' Two horizontal stabilizers located on the rear end of the aircraft that control both pitch and aileron movement.<br />
* '''Leading Edge Flaps (LEF):''' Normal slats located on the leading (front) edge of the wings to add lift.<br />
* '''Trailing Edge Flaps (TEF):''' Normal flaps located on the trailing (back) edge of the wings to add lift.<br />
<br />
<br />
The control stick controls the stabilators, ailerons, and rudder and the rudder pedals control the rudder.<br />
<br />
===Flaps System===<br />
The aircraft's flap system provides more lift (and as a byproduct, drag). The flaps lever has two positions:<br />
* '''NONE:''' This applies no flap whatsoever to the wings of the aircraft.<br />
* '''FULL:''' This applies full movement of flaps to the wings of the aircraft.<br />
<br />
<br />
The flaps lever allows for variable movement, which gives the pilot the ability to control the amount of flap they wish for.<br />
<br />
===Speed Brake===<br />
The speed brake is a flap located on the end of the aircraft designed to provide drag to decelerate faster. It is activated via the speed brake switch on the throttle. The two positions are:<br />
* '''EXT:''' When the switch is moved aft, this extends the speed brake of the aircraft out depending on the airspeed.<br />
* '''RET:''' When the switch is moved forward, this retracts the speed brake.<br />
<br />
===Trim===<br />
The tailerons are capable of being trimmed to make roll and pitch corrections. This is accomplished with the trim hat on the controls stick. When the autopilot system is engaged, the onboard computer will attempt to make active trim movements in order to keep the aircraft within the specified attitude when set, along of the setting parameters. As speed is either gained or lost, the trim will actively move the stick as well along of the tailerons to adapt.<br />
<br />
===Wing Sweep===<br />
The wings of the aircraft are a variable-sweep design allowing for automatic or manual movements from pilot input on the right throttle quadrant. Similar to wing fold, the wings are able to be overswept from its maximum position through a master reset of the system in order to allow tighter space and closer parking on the carrier deck.<br />
<br />
==Landing Gear==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat has 3 retractable landing gears: the nose gear, the left gear, and the right gear. The gear is moved via the gear lever on the left side of the cockpit. In the up position, the gear will retract. In the down position, the gear will extend. The gear lever cannot be put up with weight on wheels. The gear will not retract with the launch bar extended.<br />
<br />
===Nosewheel Steering===<br />
The nose gear features nosewheel steering (NWS) controlled by the rudder pedals. With the weight off of the wheels, it is disengaged. It automatically engages upon there being the weight on wheels. NWS is disengaged manually via the button on the stick.<br />
<br />
===Launch Bar===<br />
On the front nosegear is a launch bar that attaches the airplane to a catapult from launches from an aircraft carrier. Its deployment is pilot-controlled, but it is connected to the catapult by the ground crew (DCS default binding is U).<br />
<br />
It is controlled via the launch bar switch on the left upper console. When the switch in the RETRACT position, the launch bar will retract, but physically cannot do so when connected to the catapult. The switch will move to the RETRACT position automatically when there is a weight off wheels. In the EXTEND position, the launch bar will extend if there is the weight on wheels.<br />
<br />
=Autopilot and Autothrottle=<br />
----<br />
The F-14 Tomcat has the ability to automate certain types of flight via its Automatic Flight Control System (AFCS) and Automatic Throttle Control (ATC). The AFCS, or simply the autopilot, control the flight surfaces and the ATC controls the throttles.<br />
<br />
==AFCS==<br />
[[File:afcs.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The Automatic Flight Control System (AFCS), or just the "autopilot", controls the aircraft's flight controls to automate maneuvering. It is interfaced on the autopilot panel via the A/P engage switch. On the autopilot panel, there are 7 modes able to be toggled:<br />
# '''Pitch Stabilizer Augmentation:''' 2-position switch. This switch controls the ability for the pitch to be augmented for dampening.<br />
# '''Roll Stabilizer Augmentation:''' 2-position switch. This switch controls the ability for the roll to be augmented for dampening.<br />
# '''Yaw Stabilizer Augmentation:''' 2-position switch. This switch controls the ability for the yaw to be augmented for dampening.<br />
# '''VEC/PCD/ACL Switch:''' 3-position switch. This switch controls the remote control modes of autopilot with the steering bars and ACLS.<br />
# '''ALT Switch:''' 2-position switch.' This switch controls the ability to maintain the current altitude when autopilot is engaged.<br />
# '''HDG/GT Switch:''' 3-position switch. This switch controls the ability to maintain the current heading when autopilot is engaged.<br />
# '''ENGAGE Switch:''' 2-position switch. This switch engages and disengages the autopilot.<br />
<br />
==ATC==<br />
The automatic throttle control (ATC), or just "autothrottle", controls the physical throttles and thereby automated thrust control. ATC is toggled via ATC engage/disengage switch next to the throttle. When the ATC is engaged, the physical means of the throttle quadrants will begin to move on their own. However, whenever the pilot makes any new movement to the throttle whatsoever, the ATC will disengage to allow pilot control over both of the engines. The ATC is primarily used for landing on a carrier along of the ACLS system.<br />
<br />
=Digital Systems Overview=<br />
----<br />
[[File:displays.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
==Pilot==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat comes with 2 digital display screens in the Pilot cockpit:<br />
* '''Vertical Display Indicator (VDI):''' a multifunction display that allows for the pilot to see their HUD in a form of a repeater, and the [[#Television Camera Set|TCS]].<br />
* '''Horizontal Situation Display Indicator (HSD):''' a multifunction display that allows for the pilot to see their virtual compass for navigation modes, and the [[#AWG-9 Pulse-Doppler Radar|AWG-9 Radar]] from the RIO TID as a repeater.<br />
<br />
===Heads Up Display===<br />
The head-up display (HUD) is a projected display at the front of the cockpit that serves as the primary flight instrument. It also provides various indications for weapon delivery; this section will cover the HUD's indications in NAV master mode. Master mode/weapon-specific indications on the HUD will be covered in the relevant section.<br />
<br />
====Reject Modes====<br />
Via the switches next to the TO button on the displays panel, you are able to "declutter" or remove information off of the HUD.<br />
<br />
==Radar Intercept Officer==<br />
The Radar Intercept Officer (RIO) comes with 3 digital display screens in the RIO cockpit:<br />
* '''Detail Data Display (DDD):''' a dual-purpose display that allows for the RIO to see contacts on the [[#AWG-9 Pulse-Doppler Radar|radar]], based on the range and radar mode.<br />
* '''Tactical Information Display (TID):''' a multi-purpose display that allows for the RIO to see their [[#AWG-9 Pulse-Doppler Radar|AWG-9]] situational awareness, [[#Television Camera Set|TCS]], [[#TARPS Pod|TARPS]] and [[#LANTIRN Targeting Pod|LANTIRN]] pods.<br />
* '''Horizontal Situation Display Indicator (HSD):''' a multi-purpose display as to the one in the pilot cockpit.<br />
<br />
==Master Modes==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat has 5 primarily modes for information displayed. The 5 master modes are:<br />
* '''TO:''' switch. Displays takeoff information on HUD and VDI for degrees.<br />
* '''CRUISE:''' single-purpose button. Displays in-air flight information on HUD and VDI for degrees.<br />
* '''A/A:''' single-purpose button. Displays air-to-air information on HUD and VDI for degrees; and weapon employment.<br />
* '''A/G:''' single-purpose button. Displays air-to-ground information on HUD and VDI for degrees; and weapon employment.<br />
* '''LDG:''' single-purpose button. Displays landing information on HUD and VDI for degrees.<br />
<br />
<br />
Additionally, the F-14 Tomcat has an Air Combat Maneuver (ACM) panel which controls all air-to-air and air-to-ground aspects for armament.<br />
<br />
=Navigation=<br />
----<br />
The F-14 Tomcat has an inertial navigation system (INS) that allows the pilot to navigate by internal gyros aligned. However, due to the fault of having no GPS assistance, these gyros slowly drift over time and cause misalignment for visual information.<br />
<br />
==HSD==<br />
[[File:Hsd.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The Horizontal Situation Display Indicator (HSD) is the primary interface with the airplane's navigation systems. The HSI can be accessed from the bottom display screen. The basic function of the HSI is a rotating compass with a looking-from-above perspective. The controls for this screen are:<br />
# '''BRT Control:''' dial. Controls the brightness of the HSD screen.<br />
# '''HDG Control:''' dial. Controls the heading reference in TACAN mode.<br />
# '''CRS Control:''' dial. Controls the course heading reference in MAN and TACAN modes.<br />
# '''Test Button:''' single-purpose button. Resets the HSD screen if overload protection activates.<br />
# '''BIT Indicator:''' light. Shows a white light if a failure produces in the HSD.<br />
<br />
=== Steering Commands ===<br />
The HSD comes with a set of 5 different steering commands, which each have their own purpose towards displaying certain information:<br />
* '''TACAN:''' single-purpose button. Displays information based off of a radio beacon with range and direction.<br />
* '''DEST:''' single-purpose button. Displays information off of a selected waypoint from the RIO with range and direction.<br />
* '''AWL/PCD:''' single-purpose button. Displays information off of an ICLS frequency with azimuth and elevation bars (on VDI and HUD)<br />
* '''VEC:''' single-purpose button. ? (needs more info.)<br />
* '''MAN:''' single-purpose button. Displays information off of an entered heading (HDG Control) with direction.<br />
<br />
==Waypoints==<br />
The F-14B comes with an onboard flight computer system that handles waypoint navigation during in-air flight. The navigation system in the F-14B Tomcat gives a variety of waypoint holders, along with information for a set home plate.<br />
<br />
===Pilot===<br />
For the F-14B pilot, the waypoint information is able to be accessed by the DEST steering command and by using the NAV HSD display mode.<br />
<br />
===Radar Intercept Officer===<br />
For the F-14B Radar Intercept Officer, (RIO) the waypoints must be manually assigned by the RIO through the Computer Address Panel (CAP) system under the TAC DATA category. Once done, the waypoint must be selected through the CAP and entered in with coordinates similar to how INS alignment procedures are done.<br />
<br />
==TACAN==<br />
Tactical Air Navigation (TACAN) is a military radio navigation system. A TACAN beacon allows for an aircraft to determine its bearing and range from it, and using this information can navigate. TACAN's may be ground-based or be broadcasted by an airplane. TACAN channels have two bands, X and Y, and range from 1-126. 2 TACAN channels may be set present in the aircraft by both the Pilot and RIO for simultaneous use.<br />
<br />
The TACAN setting knobs give a range of these options:<br />
*'''T/R:''' Transmit and receive. Gets bearing and range from the TACAN.<br />
*'''RCV:''' Receive. Gets bearing from the TACAN.<br />
*'''A/A:''' Air-to-air TACAN mode.<br />
*'''X:''' Tunes the selected frequency on the X band.<br />
*'''Y:''' Tunes the selected frequency on the Y band.<br />
<br />
==ICLS==<br />
For night and low visibility operations, aircraft carriers have an Instrument Carrier Landing System (ICLS) to allow for instrument approaches to the carrier. ICLS provides horizontal and vertical guidance. The F-14 is equipped with ICLS.<br />
<br />
To activate the airplane's ICLS antenna, an ICLS dial is present to the right of the warning lights advisory panel, with an ARA on/off switch, used to toggle power to the system.<br />
<br />
When ILS is selected on the HSI, two bars, one horizontal and one vertical, appear near the velocity vector on the HUD. These indicate a vertical and horizontal deviation from the optimal glideslope (3°) and course to the deck. When they are both aligned with the velocity vector (making a "+"), the aircraft is on course.<br />
<br />
==ACLS==<br />
For CAT III conditions and poor visibility, the F-14 is equipped with the Automatic Carrier Landing System (ACLS) to allow an automatic flight to the carrier via. a radio-guided input from a Landing Signal Officer. (LSO) The auto-throttle and autopilot systems must be engaged and present during the time of activation with this system, along with lights given to the left of the VDI display.<br />
<br />
Datalink is required between the aircraft and the carrier in order for ACLS to work. When the best position of the azimuth and glideslope bars are within parameters, the nosewheel steering button is pressed in order to engage guidance.<br />
<br />
==Navigation Failures==<br />
The F-14B has a variety of navigation failures that may/can occur, including methods to fix them.<br />
<br />
===Navigation Fix Update===<br />
An error of latitude or longitude in the computer position of the aircraft can be corrected by a navigation fix update. Updating is especially important in the backup modes (AHRS AM and IMU/ AM) because of the estimated winds and magnetic variation changes. A nav fix is done via a ground-reference-point (latitude and longitude) position. The range and bearing of this position to the present aircraft position are used to update or correct existing values. The nav system may be updated by either a radar fix, a TACAN fix, or a visual fix.<br />
<br />
Before performing a nav fix, the latitude and longitude of the desired update point (radar, TACAN, or visual) must be stored in one of eight navigation point locations (three WPs, FIX PT, HOME BASE, HOST AREA, DEF PT, and IP). This data can be stored prior to flight by data link or by manual insertion. Then follow these steps:<br />
<br />
# Hook the Waypoint you choose to select for the nav fix.<br />
# Check the stored latitude and longitude on the TID.<br />
# Rotate the CATEGORY switch to NAV and select the desired type of update.<br />
<br />
<br />
Note that updating the position while in INS, and to a lesser degree while in IMU, can introduce a greater navigational position error than already present, in particular, if radar fix is used to update the nav system. Updates with a visual or TACAN fix provide reasonable accuracy (assuming a good MAG VAR during TACAN updates). Updating your nav system via a nav fix should be primarily used in the AHRS mode.<br />
<br />
===Radar Fix Update===<br />
An RDR FIX may be selected before or after positioning the DDD cursors. If the RDR FIX button is depressed, the computer computes the present position of the aircraft by measuring the range and bearing from the selected point. The delta between the computer position and the position determined by the INS is then displayed on the TID. If the entry of this delta into the navigation computations is desired, press the FIX ENABLE button. If the delta does not appear to be correct, the computer and the readout can be cleared by pressing the RDR FIX button. The fix may then be attempted again. The RIO should also perform periodic checks of own aircraft system altitude and update the altitude if necessary.<br />
<br />
Radar updating is performed as follows:<br />
<br />
# TID CURSOR/CAP - Hook Desired Navigation Point for Update.<br />
# PULSE SRCH button - Depress.<br />
# On sensor control panel: STAB switch - IN. EL BARS switch - 1. AZ SCAN switch - As Desired.<br />
# RDR FIX button - Depress.<br />
# DDD CURSOR button - Depress.<br />
# Action switch - Half Action (first detent).<br />
# Cursor is displayed on DDD.<br />
# Manipulate hand control DDD cursor over desired ground map point.<br />
# Action switch - Full Action and Release. (This will cause the DDD cursor to remain at the selected position.<br />
# Observe the delta for LAT and LONG on TID.<br />
# If readouts are unsatisfactory, deselect RDR FIX and repeat steps 4 through 12.<br />
# FIX ENABLE button - Depress.<br />
<br />
===TACAN Update===<br />
To perform a nav fix by TACAN requires that a restored waypoint shares identical LAT and LONG values with the TACAN station that will be used for the fix. Select the TACAN channel for the desired station and verify by listening to the coded identifier tone in the headset.<br />
<br />
Press the TACAN FIX button to update the aircraft position from a TACAN station. The WCS computer then calculates the own aircraft position error based on the range and bearing from the TACAN station. The delta is then entered in the same manner as with a radar fix.<br />
<br />
Perform a TACAN fix following these steps:<br />
<br />
# Select a TACAN channel whose latitude and longitude correspond to an update point.<br />
# Hook desired update point (WAYPT 1, FIX PT, HOME BASE, etc.).<br />
# CATEGORY switch - NAV.<br />
# TACAN FIX button - Depress.<br />
# Observe present position delta readout.<br />
# If delta is unsatisfactory, deselect TACAN FIX and repeat steps 2 through 7.<br />
# FIX ENABLE button - Depress.<br />
<br />
===Visual Update===<br />
To perform a visual fix, fly over a restored waypoint and press the VIS FIX button. Estimate your timing, because the aircraft nose and fuselage can obscure the fixed point during an overflight. It is also difficult to estimate when directly overhead a waypoint if the aircraft altitude is greater than 10.000 feet. The delta for the visual fix is displayed on the TID. Enter the delta by pressing FIX ENABLE.<br />
<br />
To perform a visual fix use the following steps:<br />
<br />
# Hook desired update point (WAY PT, HB, IP, etc.).<br />
# Select NAV category on CAP.<br />
# Overfly the selected restored point and when over the point, depress the VIS FIX button on the cap.<br />
# If the delta is not satisfactory, press VIS FIX again to clear the delta and repeat from step 1.<br />
# If a satisfactory delta is displayed, depress the FIX ENABLE button; this causes the delta correction of own-aircraft position to be inserted into the computer.<br />
<br />
===Datalink Update===<br />
To perform a data link update of the aircraft INS to the TDS frame of reference, the aircraft and TDS must share a prebriefed waypoint, identical in latitude and longitude. Enter this LAT/LONG data into the HOST AREA pseudo target file. The TDS will uplink the common reference point as a data link waypoint. When the aircraft and TDS INS systems agree, the data link waypoint and host area symbols will be superimposed on the TID. If they drift apart, the two pseudo targets on the TID will drift as well.<br />
<br />
To perform an update via data link, use the following steps:<br />
<br />
# Hook data link waypoint corresponding prebriefed reference point.<br />
# Select NAV category on CAP.<br />
# Overfly the hooked data link waypoint. When immediately over the point, press VIS FIX button on CAP.<br />
# Observe delta LAT and LONG on TID.<br />
# If deltas are satisfactory and update is desired, depress FIX ENABLE.<br />
# After a data link update, HOST AREA and data link waypoint should be superimposed on the TID again.<br />
<br />
===Fighter-to-Fighter Navigation Update===<br />
Net aircraft that use fighter-to-fighter data link can update their navigation system in the FF/DL mode. To update LAT/LONG hook the net aircraft symbol of an aircraft that is in close proximity and select F/F NAV UPDATE on the CAP. This will enter the hooked aircraft’s coordinates into the INS as own-aircraft coordinates. To update the nav system on an aircraft that is not close, first obtain a radar STT on that aircraft, hook the STT-ed aircraft on the TID and then press F/F NAV UPDATE on the CAP.<br />
<br />
=Defensive Systems=<br />
----<br />
The F-14B is equipped with various defensive systems: the AN/ALE-39 Countermeasure Dispensing System (CMDS), for the release of chaff and flares, the AN/ALQ-126 Deception ECM (DECM), for jamming enemy radar, and the AN/ALR-67 Radar Warning Reciever (RWR), for detection of enemy radar emitters and missile launches.<br />
<br />
==AN/ALR-67 RWR==<br />
[[File:alr-67.png|thumb|400px]]<br />
The AN/ALR-67 Radar Warning Receiver (RWR) provides the Hornet the ability to detect radars via the radio/microwave radiation they emit.<br />
<br />
===Audio Tones===<br />
Accompanying the RWR are various audio feedback tones:<br />
*'''Single Beep:''' A new ground- or sea-based emitter has been detected.<br />
*'''Double Beep:''' A new airborne emitter has been detected.<br />
*'''Repeating Beep:''' An emitter is tracking.<br />
*'''Faster Repeating Beep:''' An emitter is guiding a missile or is a missile.<br />
<br />
<br />
On the RWR gauge, the RWR knob will control the volume of the RWR tones.<br />
<br />
===Emitter Identifiers===<br />
''This list is, at present, not complete.''<br />
{|class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"<br />
!Type<br />
!RWR ID<br />
|-<br />
|U<br />
|Unknown<br />
|-<br />
|M<br />
|Active radar-homing missile<br />
|-<br />
|S<br />
|Search radar<br />
|-<br />
|3<br />
|SA-3 "Goa"<br />
|-<br />
|6<br />
|SA-6 "Gainful"<br />
|-<br />
|8<br />
|SA-8 "Gecko"<br />
|-<br />
|10<br />
|SA-10 "Grumble"<br />
|-<br />
|11<br />
|SA-11 "Gadfly"<br />
|-<br />
|11<br />
|F-111 Aardvark<br />
|-<br />
|12<br />
|SA-12 "Gladiator"<br />
|-<br />
|13<br />
|SA-13 "Gopher"<br />
|-<br />
|13<br />
|C-130 Hercules<br />
|-<br />
|14<br />
|F-14 Tomcat<br />
|-<br />
|15<br />
|F-15 Eagle<br />
|-<br />
|15 <br />
|SA-15 "Gauntlet"<br />
|-<br />
|16<br />
|F-16 Fighting Falcon<br />
|-<br />
|17<br />
|C-17 Globemaster III<br />
|-<br />
|18<br />
|F/A-18 Hornet<br />
|-<br />
|22<br />
|Tu-22 "Blinder"<br />
|-<br />
|23<br />
|MiG-23 "Flogger"<br />
|-<br />
|24<br />
|Su-24 "Fencer"<br />
|-<br />
|25<br />
|MiG-25 "Foxbat"<br />
|-<br />
|29<br />
|MiG-29 "Fulcrum"<br />
|-<br />
|29<br />
|Su-27 "Flanker"<br />
|-<br />
|29<br />
|Su-33 "Flanker-D"<br />
|-<br />
|30<br />
|Su-30 "Flanker-C"<br />
|-<br />
|31<br />
|MiG-31 "Foxhound"<br />
|-<br />
|34<br />
|Su-34 "Fullback"<br />
|-<br />
|39<br />
|Su-25M "Frogfoot"<br />
|-<br />
|40<br />
|''Spruance''-class destroyer<br />
|-<br />
|48<br />
|''Nimitz''-class carrier<br />
|-<br />
|49<br />
|''Oliver Hazard Perry''-class frigate<br />
|-<br />
|50<br />
|A-50 "Mainstay"<br />
|-<br />
|52<br />
|B-52 Stratofortress<br />
|-<br />
|76<br />
|IL-76 "Candid"<br />
|-<br />
|78<br />
|IL-78 "Midas"<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==AN/ALE-39 CMDS==<br />
[[File:f14 cms.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The AN/ALE-39 is the countermeasures dispensing set installed in the F-14B in this simulation. It controls its own set of launchers located between the engine nozzles on the underside of the so-called beaver-tail. The launchers each have two sections, one containing 10 cartridges and the other 20. They are referred to the left and right dispensers even though the left is really the front one and the right the back one with both being mounted inline on the left side of the tailhook. This is a remnant from the earliest model F-14s carrying the AN/ALE-29.<br />
<br />
This all sums up to a capacity of 60 cartridges in the system with each section necessarily holding one type of cartridges meaning that any combination of cartridges is possible as long as each type’s quantity is a multiple of 10. The system itself has no real knowledge of what is loaded where so incorrectly programming the system can lead to the wrong type of cartridge being ejected.<br />
<br />
===Cockpit Controls===<br />
The system itself can be operated manually from the control panel in the RIO pit or the DLC thumbwheel on the pilot stick when the flaps lever is in the up position. It is also capable of running programmed sequences of ejection which in turn can be initiated manually by the RIO from the control panel or the direction hats mounted on the handhold over the DDD. In addition, the AN/ALR-67 can also initiate the chaff ejection program if set up correctly on the AN/ALE-39 control panel.<br />
<br />
==AN/ALQ-126 DECM==<br />
The AN/ALQ-126 deception jammer is designed to detect radar threats, analyze them, select the optimum countermeasure technique available and apply it. Available techniques for jamming are amongst others, main lobe blanking, inverse con-scan, range-gate pull-off and swept square modes. In DCS this is modeled as a simple noise jammer due to engine limitations but controlled by the DECM logic as to when it’s on or off.<br />
<br />
===Cockpit Controls===<br />
The controls for the AN/ALQ-126 DECM are all located on the right horizontal panel in the RIO pit, the panel as the image above. In addition, there are two indication lights co-located with the RWR threat indicators on the right side of the TID. The mode selector knob controls power and operational mode that the system is in. The modes for the DECM are as follows:<br />
<br />
* '''OFF:''' turns off power to the system. STBY begins pre-warming of the system, taking in all-around 5 minutes.<br />
* '''TEST HOLD 3 SEC:''' is used to prepare the system for BIT, after 3 seconds in this mode, turn the knob to TEST - ACT.<br />
* '''TEST ACT:''' starts the BIT in the system. The BIT takes approximately 30 seconds and the RCV light will be illuminated the whole time while the XMIT light will flash twice. If the STANDBY light illuminates it indicates that a no-go condition exists in the system.<br />
* '''REC:''' enables the system to receive the only mode, enabling analyzation of threats and also the threat audio.<br />
* '''RPT:''' enables full system functionality, in addition to REC it also now tries to jam threats according to the selected method.<br />
<br />
=Television Camera Set=<br />
----<br />
[[File:tcs_symbology.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The F-14B is outfitted with the ALQ-100 Television Camera Set (TCS) pod, used for visually identifying aircraft during the time of which IFF was not a trusted/more inferior method to confirming hostile aircraft and to keep track of their position, as well as their living status.<br />
<br />
==Symbology==<br />
On the TID, in non-TV mode, a TCS track is indicated by a 1.5” strobe at TCS LOS azimuth with a hollow circle at the end.<br />
<br />
The symbology on the video feed from the TCS has indicators for the FOV and two crosshairs indicating TCS LOS relative own aircraft, GACH, and AN/AWG-9 radar LOS relative TCS LOS, RACH. Additionally, the track window is indicated by 4 small squares representing each corner of that window.<br />
<br />
The gimbal angle crosshairs or GACH, which is a solid cross, indicate deflection of the TCS LOS from the aircraft datum line, ADL. GACH crosshair in the center indicates TCS LOS along ADL and deflection towards the edges indicate deflection towards the gimbal limits with the video edges being maximum deflection.<br />
<br />
RACH or radar angle crosshairs, a dashed crosshair, indicate radar antenna LOS when inside the current TCS FOV. When the sensors slave to one another RACH and GACH will coincide creating a single solid crosshair.<br />
<br />
The track window indicates the area that the TCS contrast tracker is currently locked on to if it has acquired a target. When not in an active track these squares collapse into the center of the display being 2% of the screen width when in manual mode and 5% when in an auto mode.<br />
<br />
=LANTIRN Targeting Pod=<br />
----<br />
[[File:flir.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The F-14B can carry the AN/AAQ-14 Low Altitude Navigation and Targeting Infrared For Night (LANTIRN) targeting pod. This pod consists of a Forward-Looking Infrared (FLIR) camera (which also includes a digital charged coupled device camera) for target locating and observing, a Laser Target Designator/Ranger for firing a laser that both designates targets for laser-homing weapons and gathers ranging information for designating whatever the FLIR is pointed at as an air-to-ground, and a Laser Spot Tracker (LST) which can search for and track a laser, allowing for the FLIR to be cued onto an offboard (ground or air-designated) laser from another unit and then designate a Target off said point; this allows for most effective buddy-lasing. The targeting pod can be used in both air-to-ground and air-to-air functions, but the LTD/R and LST are only used for A/G operation.<br />
<br />
==Symbology==<br />
The following areas on the LANTIRN are to represent:<br />
# '''A/C Position Data:''' Displays aircraft LAT/LON, altitude, and groundspeed information.<br />
# '''LANTIRN Polarity:''' Displays white or hot background. AGC is for automatic gain control, MGC is for manual gain control.<br />
# '''LANTIRN Information:''' Gives general information on the pod. SR is for slant range, AZ/EL for azimuth/elevation of sight, and rest is UTC time.<br />
# '''LANTIRN Track Mode:''' Displays the current tracking mode. A/A is for air-to-air, A/G is for air-to-ground. Right side is for current selected weapon.<br />
# '''Track Data:''' Displays information of LAT/LON and altitude of where the sight is at.<br />
# '''Track:''' Displays the hairs for point and area track, and what the sight is directly pointed at.<br />
# '''Launch Envelopes:''' The top tape is for the heading relative of the aircraft to the track. The right side tape is for the release point.<br />
<br />
=TARPS Pod=<br />
----<br />
Not yet implemented.<br />
<br />
=Air-to-Air Radar=<br />
----<br />
==Detail Data Display==<br />
[[File:f14 ddd.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
Among the 3 digital displays, the Detail Data Display gives the RIO information about contacts from the AWG-9 radar in terms of range and radar mode, with respect to the notch filter.<br />
<br />
===Notch Filter===<br />
The AWG-9 radar in the F-14B Tomcat has a notch filter when using the pulse-doppler radar modes under certain conditions. These conditions include, but are not limited to:<br />
<br />
* ~100 knot difference of the aircraft relative to contact<br />
* Contact flying 90 degrees perpendicular CW/CCW to aircraft<br />
* Masking with ground terrain scan return<br />
<br />
<br />
There is a rough line shown in the radar modes, likewise of the jamming lobe, for when considering the notch filter that the contact will disappear from.<br />
<br />
==Tactical Information Display==<br />
[[File:f14 tid.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The Tactical Information Display (TID) gives the RIO of the F-14B the main information on the AWG-9 radar, including situational awareness, range, altitude, and contact heading.<br />
<br />
===Display Modes===<br />
The TID comes with a total of 8 display modes available, that can be toggled either on or off for purposes of gathering more information or decluttering:<br />
<br />
* '''RID DISABLE:''' ? needs more info. Not yet implemented.<br />
* '''ALT NUM:''' Displays the altitude of contact with a singular digit rounded to the nearest thousand.<br />
* '''SYM ELEM:''' Displays the symbology of contacts corresponding to HAFU.<br />
* '''DATA LINK:''' Displays contacts from the datalink frequency.<br />
* '''JAM STROBE:''' Displays the jamming strobes. Not yet implemented.<br />
* '''NON-ATTK:''' Displays determined (manual IFF or datalink) HAFU of friendly contacts.<br />
* '''VEL VECTOR:''' Displays the velocity vectors of contacts.<br />
* '''LAUNCH ZONE:''' Displays contact approximate missile launch zones.<br />
<br />
==AN/AWG-9 Radar==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat is equipped with the AN/AWG-9 all-weather and pulse-doppler radar. It is a very long-range radar used for the main purpose of intercept.<br />
<br />
===Radar Modes===<br />
The AWG-9 in the F-14B comes with 2 types of radar modes: doppler and pulse-doppler search. Of those two, subsets are able to be observed as 5 in this list:<br />
<br />
* '''PD SRCH:''' Pulse-Doppler Search mode. No bias factor of the radar, but impedes to pulse-doppler methods.<br />
* '''PD STT:''' Pulse-Doppler Single Target Track mode. By default upon acquiring a lock with the AWG-9, the radar will move to this function mode. It is currently suspectable to the notch filter.<br />
* '''RWS:''' Range While Search mode. The radar will prioritize the range of targets but not other factors. Falls under pulse-doppler.<br />
* '''TWS MAN:''' Track While Scan - Manual mode. The radar will prioritize the situational awareness of other targets but not give information on every target. The radar will also prioritize targets by threat importance.<br />
* '''TWS AUTO:''' Track While Scan - Auto mode. The radar will perform the same as TWS Man, but the elevation and azimuth controls will be automated in the process for an optimal scan.<br />
* '''PULSE SRCH:''' Pulse Search mode. No bias factor of the radar and can not be impeded to the notch filter, unlike the pulse-doppler method. The radar will, however, output a return of everything that is scanned and requires tuning.<br />
* '''PULSE STT:''' Pulse Single Target Track mode. Performing similarly to Pulse Search mode, this function mode applies to only a single target and is not suspectable to the notch filter.<br />
<br />
====Pulse-Doppler Search Mode====<br />
[[File:f14 pulsedoppler.png|thumb|350px]]<br />
The pulse-doppler search mode is used mainly as a kind of early warning mode. It is the search mode with the greatest detection range but it can display no range to the RIO, only closure rate. For this reason, the TID can display no track information.<br />
<br />
====Pulse-Doppler STT Mode====<br />
[[File:f14 pdstt.png|thumb|350px]]<br />
The pulse-doppler STT works and looks much like the pulse STT mode. It does, however, have the same advantages and disadvantages compared to pulse STT as the other pulse-doppler modes compared to the pulse modes. This means that while much better at tracking a target close to the ground it is however vulnerable to notching.<br />
<br />
The DDD display for pulse-doppler STT looks like pulse STT display except that the target return and antenna azimuth display are moved to the left side of the screen and a generated synthetic target marker is displayed at the correct azimuth instead. This is so that the targets range can be displayed by the synthetic target, unlike the other pulse-doppler modes which only shows closure rate. The other symbology on the DDD in this mode are the same as in pulse STT.<br />
<br />
====Range While Search Mode====<br />
In range while search, a frequency measuring ranging mode is added (FM ranging) to allow the radar to measure the range of tracked targets in addition to closure rate. This additional processing does, however, mean that the effective range of the radar is somewhat lesser. The display on the DDD is the same as in pulse-doppler search, the TID however also shows tracks in this mode showing the targets as tracks momentarily as they’re scanned and displaying their position and altitude. <br />
<br />
The targets are shown for a maximum of two seconds or until the antenna again scans the same bar at the same azimuth at which time it is removed unless detected again. The maximum number of concurrently shown tracks are 48.<br />
<br />
====TWS Manual Mode====<br />
The track, while scan mode uses the same FM ranging as RWS with the same reduction in range compared to pulse-doppler search and the DDD display, is also the same. The main difference that the computer establishes track files and tracks up to 24 targets concurrently of which 18 can be shown on the TID at any given time.<br />
<br />
As the computer routine calculating these tracks need a set track refresh time of 2 seconds this limits available azimuth scan area and bar settings to either 20° 4 bars or 40° 2 bars. When entering TWS the computer automatically selects the ±20° 4 bar scan disregarding the RIO set scan volumes unless those are set to ±40° 2 bars in which case that is used instead.<br />
<br />
The TWS mode is also the only mode enabling guidance of the AIM-54 at multiple targets (up to six), and as soon as engageable targets are detected the computer starts assigning them a missile priority number according to optimal missile firing sequence.<br />
<br />
====TWS Auto Mode====<br />
Performing similarly to TWS Man mode, what differs between the two is that in TWS auto the computer takes control of used scan volume and scan pattern azimuth and elevation as soon as target tracks are present. The WCS computer automatically tries to optimize the scan volume and direction so that tracking of the prioritized targets is maximized. If not selected before launch the WCS overrides as soon as the first AIM-54 is launched and selects TWS Auto.<br />
<br />
====Pulse Search Mode====<br />
[[File:f14 pulse.png|thumb|350px]]<br />
Pulse search is used to search for and find airborne targets at range. It is possible to use this radar mode as a basic ground mapper as well which can be useful for navigation and navigational fixes and can also be used in a pinch to detect larger surface targets like ships. Keep in mind though that the radar is not built with this as its main function and that a real air-to-ground radar will outperform it handily.<br />
<br />
In this mode, the radar cannot by itself differentiate targets and generate tracks meaning that the WCS will not generate track files and display anything on the TID. This also means that pulse search is not capable of guiding missiles.<br />
<br />
====Pulse STT Mode====<br />
[[File:f14 pstt.png|thumb|350px]]<br />
Pulse STT is used to track a single target, like pulse search mode it is not susceptible to notching but it is to ground clutter. The fact that the STT modes use gates to track the target, in this case, range gates, means that it is less susceptible to ground clutter but a target close enough to the ground that the ground return enters the range gates would be likely to shake the lock.<br />
<br />
As it is only in the pulse-doppler modes that the missile guidance commands can be sent pulse STT is limited to launching AIM-7s in CW mode and AIM-54s in an active launch mode limiting their ranges. At short ranges, ACM ranges, it is possible to use the ASPECT switch to set what aspect of the target to track, this is just to counter different types of countermeasures. As an example, if set to NOSE the radar will be less susceptible to chaff as the radar weights its track towards the targets leading-edge (nose) away from the chaff being launched behind the target.<br />
<br />
A successful track is indicated by the ANT TRK and RDROT indicator lights on the DDD, meaning that the antenna is tracking the target and that the target is within the range gates. If the target is jamming with sufficient strength, negating a range track, the radar will transition to a jam angle track instead, indicated by the JAT indicator light on the DDD illuminating instead of the RDROT. When range tracking is again possible at closer ranges the radar will transition to that instead.<br />
<br />
The DDD in this mode will be similar to the pulse search mode but the antenna will be locked onto the target and not scan. Additionally, the DDD will show the range gates around the target, a closing rate symbol at the right scale and applicable attack symbology if a valid missile is selected.<br />
<br />
===Anti-Jamming Modes===<br />
Not yet implemented.<br />
<br />
===AN/APX-76 IFF Interrogator===<br />
The AN/APX-76 IFF (Identification Friend or Foe) interrogator is integrated into the AN/AWG-9 operation. Then interrogator antenna itself is located on the AN/AWG-9 antenna gimbal platform. An IFF system works by sending out an interrogation pulse and then listening for returns from cooperating transponders. In addition to the unencrypted civilian mode the AN/APX-76 is capable of interrogating in the encrypted military mode 4. This ensures that targets replying to mode 4 interrogations are indeed friendly. The AN/APX-76 can be used both in search radar modes and in STT radar modes. To enable interrogation the IFF switch is depressed on the Detail Data Display Panel which then activates the interrogator for as long as the button is held up to 10 seconds max.<br />
<br />
When enabled IFF received IFF returns are then overlaid on the normal AN/AWG-9 radar returns on the DDD. A friendly target will be indicated with two bars, one above and one below the normal radar return. As the AN/APX-76 is a separate radar, secondary mode, radar apart from the AWG-9 the IFF can sometimes also detect targets not detected by the AWG-9. In this case the IFF return will not have a radar echo inside it. In the search mode this is overlaid over each target replying and in STT over the STT target. Additionally, if the STT target is hooked on the TID the DDD will switch from normal range display to a ±10 NM display to enable display of multiple returns in case of closely grouped targets.<br />
<br />
==HAFU/Datalink==<br />
[[File:HAFU.png|right|80px]]<br />
Hostile, Ambiguous, Friendly or Unknown (HAFU) is a symbology system used by the F/A-18 to represent trackfiles; specifically, to show its status as a friendly or hostile. It is usually what trackfiles are displayed as across the software.<br />
<br />
There are four HAFU symbols:<br />
*'''Triangle:''' Hostile (red when colored)<br />
*'''Thick Staple:''' Ambiguous (yellow when colored)<br />
*'''Half-Circle:''' Friendly (green when colored)<br />
*'''Thin Staple:''' Unknown (yellow when colored)<br />
<br />
<br />
All types except ambiguous can be manually assigned via the [[#SA Format|Situational Awareness]] format. Tracks will also be automatically identified as explained below.<br />
<br />
A hostile HAFU will be assigned whenever:<br />
* A negative IFF response is returned, and<br />
** An NCTR print returns with an aircraft type that is on the hostile coalition; or<br />
** A SURV (surveillance, like an AWACS) source over datalink also marks it hostile; or<br />
** A F/F (fighter-fighter, like another F/A-18) source over datalink also marks it hostile.<br />
<br />
<br />
An ambiguous HAFU will be assigned when the aircraft and a donor have conflicting identifications (friendly and hostile).<br />
<br />
A friendly HAFU will be assigned whenever an IFF interrogation returns as friendly or the track itself is contributed to by the Precise Participant Location and Identification (PPLI) system.<br />
<br />
An unknown HAFU will be assigned by default until it is updated by meeting one of the requirements above.<br />
<br />
=Air-to-Air Weapons=<br />
----<br />
This area will cover over all the different air-to-air weapons brought with the F-14B Tomcat.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Air Gun==<br />
[[File:f14 gun aa.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
''Using Real-Time mode.''<br />
<br />
The F-14 Tomcat is outfitted with the M61A1 Vulcan 6-barreled Gatling cannon, being able to hold up a maximum of 675 rounds internally.<br />
<br />
===Gun Rates===<br />
The cannon offers 2 modes of combat in the F-14B: <br />
<br />
* '''LOW:''' mode which slows down the muzzle rate, used for Air-to-Ground.<br />
* '''HIGH:''' mode which is to be used for Basic Fighter Maneuvering. (BFM)<br />
<br />
===Gun Modes===<br />
The cannon for Air-to-Air mode is able to be placed into 2 following positions:<br />
<br />
* '''Manual:''' this mode is able to be selected by depressing the CAGE/SEAM button, which will then only display the pipper and ammo count.<br />
* '''Real-Time:''' this mode is the regular, default mode. Along with a radar lock, the pipper will calculate to be accurate when directed to the diamond contact box. This will also give a closure rate towards the contact and the range relative to the aircraft.<br />
<br />
===Symbology===<br />
<br />
The symbology for the cannon is displayed on the HUD with the weapon master selector in the GUN position, and display in A/A. By default, the gun rounds indicator will be displayed as 0 for rounds per 100. Located next to the display panel to the right is the gun ammo counter. Additionally, the gunsight elevation is also able to be adjusted underneath the steer commands on the display panel.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Air Missiles==<br />
===Missile Preparation===<br />
Missile preparation in the F-14B Tomcat is started by moving the master arm switch on the ACM panel underneath the HUD to ON. This is then followed by pressing the MSL PREP and SW COOL buttons to be ON, depending on the armament type.<br />
<br />
===AIM-54 Phoenix===<br />
The AIM-54 is a long-range, semi-active radar missile for Air-to-Air use. The F-14 was the only aircraft to carry it in service and was used to take down Soviet bombers. However, it is able to be used on fighters as well. The AIM-54 comes with a proximity fuse and missile gate suite for non-direct contact explosions and radar tracking methods. <br />
<br />
Upon the launch of the missile, active input from the AN/AWG-9 radar is used to guide itself towards the contact. When reaching pitbull range (~20 nmi.) the missile will then use the radar in itself and steer until impact. <br />
<br />
The time until impact will be calculated during the whole flight of the missile after the launch sequence on the TID as a seconds counter next to the contact.<br />
<br />
====Missile Variants====<br />
The AIM-54 for the F-14 in DCS is not only just 1 variant but 2 provided for the aircraft:<br />
<br />
* '''AIM-54A Mk.60:''' The A variant Mk.60 is a specific version of the AIM-54 Phoenix which utilizes burn time and speed over agility and smoke. The Mk.60 is able to be fired from at most ~100 nmi. under optimal conditions, factoring altitude, kinetic airspeed, contact airspeed, and altitude. The recommended firing distance of the variant, however, is ~45 nmi.<br />
* '''AIM-54C Mk.47:''' The C variant Mk.47 is a later upgrade to the missile that utilizes agility and smoke over burn time and speed. While the C variant provides a no-smoke solution, it lacks the favoring of speed and distance. Under optimal conditions similar to the A, this missile variant is best at ~60 nmi. The recommended distance to contact for firing is ~30 nmi.<br />
<br />
====Launch Modes====<br />
The main seeker in the AIM-54 is able to be fired through 3 launch modes in according:<br />
<br />
# '''Semi-active Radar Homing (SARH):''' In the first stage of the AIM-54 engagement, the missile is guided semi-actively by the AN/AWG-9 radar using both guidance commands transmitted via the radar and radar energy reflected off the target. Then when the missile is within range of its seeker’s ARH mode the AN/AWG-9 commands the missile to switch to ARH. In pulse doppler STT the AIM-54 uses SARH all the way to the target receiving guidance commands at a greater rate than in TWS and also continuous spotlighting of the target because of the STT mode being used. This increases the effective range of the AIM-54 seeker slightly.<br />
# '''Active Radar Homing (ARH):''' This tells the WCS to immediately command the AIM-54 to go active in the first guidance command after launch. If launched at a target within 6 NM if in the targets rear hemisphere or 10 NM miles if in its forward hemisphere the WCS will also automatically command this mode instead of a SARH mode. If the target is not detected actively by the seeker it will still fall back to SARH until the seeker can acquire on its own like in the two SARH modes.<br />
# '''ACM Active:''' The missile is commanded active before launch making this the only mode where the missile is truly fire and forget. The AIM-54 missile receives the active message before launching from the WCS in addition to a command prepositioning the seeker-head to have it look at the current WCS track if available.<br />
<br />
<br />
Additionally, the AIM-54 has an unofficial method of launching the missile:<br />
<br />
* '''Mad-dogging:''' A method that uses the aircraft relative to their contact altitude and airspeed and firing the AIM-54 in the direction, which will force it to become semi-active within the pitbull range.<br />
<br />
====HUD Symbology====<br />
[[File:f14 aim54 hud.png|thumb|400px]]<br />
The pilot will receive standard symbology of the AIM-54 missile selected when the display is in A/A mode. Similar to the GUNS format, displayed on the HUD will be the weapon type denoted in 2 letters, and the number of missiles. Additionally, any more advanced symbology will occur by lock, which is required at first to fire the missile without "mad-dogging."<br />
<br />
====VDI Symbology====<br />
[[File:f14 aim54 vdi.png|thumb|400px]]<br />
The pilot will also receive additional symbology on the VDI whenever a radar lock occurs with the AIM-54 selected.<br />
<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
===AIM-7 Sparrow===<br />
The AIM-7 Sparrow is an active-radar guided missile for Air-to-Air employment. This missile requires an active radar lock to a contact in order to guide itself for impact. The benefit of this missile is that it is able to lose trackoing guidance if the aircraft breaks the lock on a friendly contact, as well as being able to be used in a mixed scenario.<br />
<br />
The maximum range of the Sparrow under optimal conditions as the Phoenix is ~25 nmi. The recommended distance, however, is roughly ~10 nmi.<br />
<br />
===AIM-9 Sidewinder===<br />
The AIM-9 Sidewinder is an IR-guided missile that self tracks based off of thermal energy (heat) of an aircraft. This missile should be used for close quarters range, where agility and speed are a high priority. The benefit of this missile is how quickly it can turn onto a contact. However, a con to this can be "sun-aiming," where the missile follows a contact that flies directly to the sun and immediately flanks out of the sensor sight of the Sidewinder.<br />
<br />
The maximum range on this missile is ~10 nmi., but recommended range is within ~5 nmi. under optimal conditions.<br />
<br />
=Air-to-Ground Weapons=<br />
----<br />
The F-14B Tomcat comes with a variety of air-to-ground weapons after the upgrade to the Bombcat.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Ground Gun==<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Ground Bombs==<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
===Mk-20/81/82/83/84 GPB===<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
===GBU-12/14/16 LGB===<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
===BDU-33 Training Bomb===<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
===ADM-141 TALD===<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Ground Rockets==<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
=Resources=<br />
----<br />
==Contributors==<br />
* Jak: An early contributor who wrote information on what the aircraft was and helping serve filler content.<br />
* Nullspec: Contributor towards the F/A-18C Hornet on implemented/non-implemented for the formatting.<br />
<br />
==Manuals & Documents==<br />
* [https://info.publicintelligence.net/F14AAP-1B.pdf F-14B NATOPS Pocket Checklist]<br />
* [http://www.heatblur.se/F-14Manual/ Heatblur F-14 Manual]<br />
<br />
==Heatblur's Videos==<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q1o7E9pb95Y Episode 1: Overview]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OO3IdQjAdDA Episode 2: Pilot's Cockpit Walkaround]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ws1GxPG2ZXw Episode 3: Cold And Dark (Full Startup)]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kgpGO7fj4oU Episode 4: The RIO's Office]<br />
<br />
==Jabbers' Tutorial Videos==<br />
(They're good!)<br />
<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2qwlJs__iYk Pilot - Startup/Taxi/Takeoff with JESTER AI]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b5opjCygZug Pilot - Maneuvering and Flight Characteristics]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f4y2oZ-7rM8 Pilot - Air-to-Air Refueling]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ujk4hL_EnUc Pilot - ACM - Radar Acquisition Modes]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wftck0C3fJ8 Pilot - Weapons - Zuni Rockets with JESTER AI]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4m-Q02gxFEA Pilot - Weapons - AIM-9 Sidewinder]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SWeHtpJ00JI RIO - Startup]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r4-Dd4ss2Rc RIO - AWG-9 Radar]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YG7sWweg2RQ RIO - IFF Interrogation]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2q-bHFyTEr8 Overview - AIM-54C Mk.47 Phoenix - Tacview Debrief]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PyAQpqVhtBY Overview - AIM-54A Mk.60 Phoenix - Tacview Debrief]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4groy-_Bxfk Quick Tips - AIM-54 Phoenix]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Is3AtOX-abw Quick Tips - Bombing]<br />
<br />
==RedKit's Tutorial Videos==<br />
(More in-depth on particular systems, referenced throughout the guide.)<br />
<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R9-8UCj66Ds Pilot/RIO - LANTIRN & LGB Bombs]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k5femxA_lis Pilot/RIO - ICLS & ACLS]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YqQz9YrEi6A Pilot/RIO - INS Fix]</div>Siriushttps://wiki.hoggitworld.com/index.php?title=BGSC&diff=10612BGSC2019-09-07T06:57:04Z<p>Sirius: /* 3D Modeling */</p>
<hr />
<div><br />
== Beginners Guide to Systems Coding ==<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
=== Introduction === <br />
<br />
'''WARNING:''' Everything shown here in this guide is not final and does not represent the official outcome determined.<br />
This guide is still very much WIP and will be constantly worked on.<br />
<br />
Hello, everybody. As for a long time now in DCS, we have seen rapid growth and progression of mods being released by the community, for the community. Many of them here are just simple mods, that involve new models imported, graphic/texture fixes, and flyable aircraft. Out of all of these many flyable aircraft that we have seen released in the modding subforums here, only a mere percent of them have we call an ESM. As seen from the title, the 3 letters "ESM" is an abbreviated term that stands for "External Systems Model," a folder with a set amount of files containing code that define the systems of an aircraft. However, for keeping thing simple, this guide will be referred to as BGSC, abbreviated for the Beginners Guide to Systems Coding. This can range from any type of aircraft, from a helicopter to plane; from a starship to a flying Port-a-John. However, there has always been this one lacking issue when it came to developing an ESM inside of DCS: where to start. When many people first begin trying to code one, they are often feared by the number of files that they have to look through and get an understanding of how things work on the inside, which can often convince those at first to not bother at all with the idea of learning one. Not only that but to build onto that with the fact that not many in the DCS modding community are knowledgeable of how to make one themselves.<br />
<br />
Because of that, I have here to present a work in progress (WIP) state of a document of mine, that has spent the last few months in the making. This guide is by far one of the most in-depth, giving step by step procedures on how to code your own systems. This does not mean, however, that you are able to just copy and paste this code and say that you just learned it. In this guide, you will be given pictures of systems code and set files that will help you start off. From there, everything you see is something you have to write in your files yourself. This helps the user learn by participating in the document about what functions and events do what within the DCS API. In no means is this guide finished, and everything will be constantly worked on to the fullest of my extent, along with anyone who is willing to help contribute.<br />
<br />
With that being said, there are a set of prerequisites in order for you to correctly follow through with this guide. Here they are listed below. (These are also stated as so in the guide)<br />
<br />
=== Programming ===<br />
<br />
1. You need to know how to make a basic mod structure. This includes the gear positions, canopy, pylons, cockpit implementation, and collision model apart of the folder structure.<br />
<br />
2. You need to know how Lua works. If you have absolutely no idea or are foreign to the subject of programming itself, then it may be very unlikely that you are going to get far in learning how to program an ESM for DCS World. It is highly recommended for someone to understand how to code anything in a programming language, more preferably Lua itself in order to understand what code you are going to be dealing with.<br />
<br />
3. You need to know how to work with debugging and working with certain code statements within DCS. The core infrastructure that the DCS API works with, especially when dealing with Lua, acts as a framework. (A framework is a predefined set of functions to write inside of a script that is being inherited by an overall class like script or package) Being able to debug your own code (ie. using the dcs.log folder in your C:\Users\<< insert username here >>\Saved Games\DCS\Logs directory) is a huge must in order to find out the issue in your script(s).<br />
<br />
=== 3D Modeling ===<br />
<br />
1. You need to know how to animate models in 3DS Max by using the argument number method. If you are unaware of this or have no idea whatsoever on how to do this, then please go there. [https://www.megabotix.com/wp-content/uploads/dcs/animation-dcs.mp4]<br />
<br />
2. You need to have the current .EDM conversion plugin or one that works for 3DS Max. As of to requirement no. 1:<br />
[ftp://srv0files.eagle.ru/mods/edm_plugins/]<br />
<br />
If you would like to participate or contribute to this guide, then please contact the author either via. Discord at '''Sirius#0002''' or by in the forums.<br />
<br />
=== Links ===<br />
<br />
'''Link:''' [https://docs.google.com/document/d/10HGVrN8CfXWK5Hz2zNTxrm_Tz0bJQGAPZP_QbqsbQZ4/edit?usp=sharing]<br />
<br />
'''Version:''' v.1.0</div>Siriushttps://wiki.hoggitworld.com/index.php?title=F-14A/B&diff=10611F-14A/B2019-09-07T04:44:05Z<p>Sirius: /* Resources */</p>
<hr />
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<br />
{{ModuleInfo<br />
|modulename=F-14A/B<br />
|modulethumb=F-14 HB Oman.jpeg<br />
|guidelink=http://www.heatblur.se/F-14Manual/index.html<br />
|storelink=https://www.digitalcombatsimulator.com/en/shop/modules/tomcat/<br />
|trailerlink=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P_FCuMAl8oA<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''NOTE:''' This guide is currently under a work-in-progress (WIP) state. If you have any information pertaining to the topics or feedback, please relay them over to Sirius#0002 on Discord, or in the Hoggit Discord #wiki-discussion channel. Thanks!<br />
<br />
The Grumman '''F-14A/B''' Tomcat is a two-seat, twin-engine supersonic variable wing-sweep fighter aircraft. The F-14 was the first US fighter jet with twin tails and was the largest & heaviest US fighter to ever fly from an aircraft carrier. The reason that the F-14 was so incredibly large and heavy was that it carried the large AWG-9 radar and accompanying AIM-54 Phoenix (air-to-air) missiles: this very capable combination allowed the F-14 to make shots of up to 200 nautical miles at the bad guys. Also, being big means you can carry a lot of fuel!<br />
<br />
Of course, the practical range of the AWG-9 is rather more limited, especially if you are shooting at more maneuverable fighter-sized targets, but even at these closer ranges, the AIM-54 Phoenix is still a capable missile that should not be underestimated. The F-14 is also capable of carrying an array of air-to-ground weapons, such as dumb bombs in both high and low drag forms, air-to-ground Zuni rockets and even laser-guided bombs, which can be self-designated using the LANTIRN targeting pod on the F-14.<br />
<br />
Most people will recognize and adore the F-14 because of its stardom presence in that one weird volleyball movie from the '80s. Its on-screen presence in movies will make the F-14 to appear docile and easy to fly, but due to lack of a fly-by-wire the F-14 can be a real handful: it being a pilot's aircraft however makes it fun to fly and learn. The analogous nature of the F-14 (comparable to the F-5E II Tigershark) will give you a good knowledge of the airplane over time but requires a bit of a different mindset that the computerized flight of the F/A-18C and the F-15.<br />
<br />
__TOC__<br />
<br />
=Weapons List=<br />
----<br />
==Implemented==<br />
Partially or fully implemented weapons of the F14/A/B Tomcat:<br />
* M61 Vulcan Six-Barreled Gatling Gun<br />
* AIM-7M/F Sparrow<br />
* CAP/AIM-9M Sidewinder<br />
* AIM-54A Phoenix Mk. 60<br />
* AIM-54C Phoenix Mk. 47<br />
* Mk-81, 82, 83, and 84 <br />
* GBU-10, 12, 16, and 24 <br />
* MK-20 Rockeye<br />
* Zuni Rockets<br />
* BDU-33 Practice Bombs<br />
* ADM-141 TALD<br />
* LUU-2 Parachute Flare<br />
* Smokewinder<br />
* LANTIRN Pod<br />
* FPU-1 Fuel Tank<br />
<br />
==Planned==<br />
Weapons not yet implemented into the Tomcat:<br />
* TARPS Pod<br />
<br />
=Hands On Throttle And Stick (HOTAS)=<br />
----<br />
==Throttle==<br />
[[File:throttle.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The throttle of the F-14 Tomcat consists of 2 quadrants, both for the left and right engines. There is an afterburner detent along with a cutoff detent for maximum throttle and shutdown of the engine for each quadrant.<br />
<br />
The throttle has the following controls:<br />
# '''Speed Brake Switch:''' 2-position switch. "EXT" is a momentary and needed input position that extends the speed brake outward depending on the aircraft speed.<br />
# '''Wing Sweep Switch:''' 4-way hat switch. "AUTO" sets the wing to sweep automatically determined by an onboard computer, "BOMB" sets the wing to sweep in an angled position between fully extended and retracted and dependent on speed for the air-to-ground bombing.<br />
# '''PLM Button:''' multifunction button. When the steering command is in A2A mode, this acts as a pilot lock-on tool for the AWG-9 radar. But when used for landing and/or in the LDG steering command mode, this allows for disengagement of the ACLS.<br />
# '''CAGE/SEAM Button:''' multifunction button. When the steering command is in A2A mode, this allows for CAGE/SEAM lock-on of the AIM-9 Sidewinder. But when used for landing and/or in the LDG steering command mode, this allows for disengagement of the APC.<br />
# '''Exterior Light Switch:''' 2-position switch. Used to toggle the exterior lights of the aircraft.<br />
# '''ICS PTT Switch:''' 2-position switch. Acts as a push-to-talk system for the ICS system inside of the aircraft used between the Pilot and RIO. (or JESTER AI)<br />
<br />
==Control Stick==<br />
[[File:stick.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The control stick is located in the center of the cockpit, mounted onto the floor. Left and right movements of the control stick direct hydraulic movement to the spoilers and horizontal stabilizers of the aircraft. Forward and backward movement result to respectively the same but to the horizontal stabilizers.<br />
<br />
The control stick has the following controls:<br />
# '''Bomb Release Button:''' single-purpose button. When pressed in A2G steering command mode, all pylons selected with bombs will release respective of the ripple settings, type, and interval.<br />
# '''Trim Hat:''' 4-way hat switch. Upward movement moves the aircraft downward, and downward movement moves the aircraft upward. Both left and right movements follow to their directions according to their name.<br />
# '''Weapon Select Hat:''' 4-way hat switch. Bottom selection is OFF, and a ridge requires a momentary push action to move in/out of to GUN. Following all to the top are SW, then SP/PH which requires a momentary push action to switch between.<br />
# '''DLC & Maneuver Flap Command Wheel:''' scrollable dial. Moving it with the landing gears fully deployed acts as a variable control for spoiler extension. With the landing gears up, the dial also acts the same but for flaps and slats.<br />
# '''DLC Engage/Disengage & CMS Dispense Button:''' multifunction button. When pressed with the landing gears fully deployed, this controls the engagement and disengagement of the DLC system. But with the landing gears fully retracted, this allows for pilot control of the CMS system.<br />
# '''Autopilot Reference & NWS Button:''' multifunction button. When the aircraft is up in the air, this controls specific autopilot settings. But when the aircraft is on the ground, this controls the activation of the nosewheel steering system.<br />
# '''Autopilot Emergency Disengage Paddle:''' multifunction button. Disengages all autopilot modes and DLC and releases all autopilot switches and roll and pitch SAS switches to OFF position.<br />
# '''Weapon Firing Trigger:''' two-stage trigger switch. The first detent enables CTVS and gun camera. Second detent releases selected forwards firing the weapon.<br />
<br />
=Flight Controls & Landing Gear=<br />
----<br />
==Flight Controls==<br />
[[File:Wheels-flaps.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The F-14B has a large hydraulic system which covers for all of the control surfaces of the aircraft. Without the hydraulic system, or taking damage the controls are in risk of improperly working. The F-14 Tomcat was the last of its generation to have no integration of an FBW or FCS system, which was introduced with the F-15 Eagle.<br />
<br />
The F-14's primary flight controls are:<br />
* '''Left Spoilers (LES):''' A set of spoilers that lie within the left wing of the aircraft that help with aileron movement and control that react opposite of the intended direction.<br />
* '''Right Spoilers (RES):''' A set of spoilers that lie within the right wing of the aircraft that help with aileron movement and control that react opposite of the intended direction.<br />
* '''Tailerons (TAIL):''' Two horizontal stabilizers located on the rear end of the aircraft that control both pitch and aileron movement.<br />
* '''Leading Edge Flaps (LEF):''' Normal slats located on the leading (front) edge of the wings to add lift.<br />
* '''Trailing Edge Flaps (TEF):''' Normal flaps located on the trailing (back) edge of the wings to add lift.<br />
<br />
<br />
The control stick controls the stabilators, ailerons, and rudder and the rudder pedals control the rudder.<br />
<br />
===Flaps System===<br />
The aircraft's flap system provides more lift (and as a byproduct, drag). The flaps lever has two positions:<br />
* '''NONE:''' This applies no flap whatsoever to the wings of the aircraft.<br />
* '''FULL:''' This applies full movement of flaps to the wings of the aircraft.<br />
<br />
<br />
The flaps lever allows for variable movement, which gives the pilot the ability to control the amount of flap they wish for.<br />
<br />
===Speed Brake===<br />
The speed brake is a flap located on the end of the aircraft designed to provide drag to decelerate faster. It is activated via the speed brake switch on the throttle. The two positions are:<br />
* '''EXT:''' When the switch is moved aft, this extends the speed brake of the aircraft out depending on the airspeed.<br />
* '''RET:''' When the switch is moved forward, this retracts the speed brake.<br />
<br />
===Trim===<br />
The tailerons are capable of being trimmed to make roll and pitch corrections. This is accomplished with the trim hat on the controls stick. When the autopilot system is engaged, the onboard computer will attempt to make active trim movements in order to keep the aircraft within the specified attitude when set, along of the setting parameters. As speed is either gained or lost, the trim will actively move the stick as well along of the tailerons to adapt.<br />
<br />
===Wing Sweep===<br />
The wings of the aircraft are a variable-sweep design allowing for automatic or manual movements from pilot input on the right throttle quadrant. Similar to wing fold, the wings are able to be overswept from its maximum position through a master reset of the system in order to allow tighter space and closer parking on the carrier deck.<br />
<br />
==Landing Gear==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat has 3 retractable landing gears: the nose gear, the left gear, and the right gear. The gear is moved via the gear lever on the left side of the cockpit. In the up position, the gear will retract. In the down position, the gear will extend. The gear lever cannot be put up with weight on wheels. The gear will not retract with the launch bar extended.<br />
<br />
===Nosewheel Steering===<br />
The nose gear features nosewheel steering (NWS) controlled by the rudder pedals. With the weight off of the wheels, it is disengaged. It automatically engages upon there being the weight on wheels. NWS is disengaged manually via the button on the stick.<br />
<br />
===Launch Bar===<br />
On the front nosegear is a launch bar that attaches the airplane to a catapult from launches from an aircraft carrier. Its deployment is pilot-controlled, but it is connected to the catapult by the ground crew (DCS default binding is U).<br />
<br />
It is controlled via the launch bar switch on the left upper console. When the switch in the RETRACT position, the launch bar will retract, but physically cannot do so when connected to the catapult. The switch will move to the RETRACT position automatically when there is a weight off wheels. In the EXTEND position, the launch bar will extend if there is the weight on wheels.<br />
<br />
=Autopilot and Autothrottle=<br />
----<br />
The F-14 Tomcat has the ability to automate certain types of flight via its Automatic Flight Control System (AFCS) and Automatic Throttle Control (ATC). The AFCS, or simply the autopilot, control the flight surfaces and the ATC controls the throttles.<br />
<br />
==AFCS==<br />
[[File:afcs.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The Automatic Flight Control System (AFCS), or just the "autopilot", controls the aircraft's flight controls to automate maneuvering. It is interfaced on the autopilot panel via the A/P engage switch. On the autopilot panel, there are 7 modes able to be toggled:<br />
# '''Pitch Stabilizer Augmentation:''' 2-position switch. This switch controls the ability for the pitch to be augmented for dampening.<br />
# '''Roll Stabilizer Augmentation:''' 2-position switch. This switch controls the ability for the roll to be augmented for dampening.<br />
# '''Yaw Stabilizer Augmentation:''' 2-position switch. This switch controls the ability for the yaw to be augmented for dampening.<br />
# '''VEC/PCD/ACL Switch:''' 3-position switch. This switch controls the remote control modes of autopilot with the steering bars and ACLS.<br />
# '''ALT Switch:''' 2-position switch.' This switch controls the ability to maintain the current altitude when autopilot is engaged.<br />
# '''HDG/GT Switch:''' 3-position switch. This switch controls the ability to maintain the current heading when autopilot is engaged.<br />
# '''ENGAGE Switch:''' 2-position switch. This switch engages and disengages the autopilot.<br />
<br />
==ATC==<br />
The automatic throttle control (ATC), or just "autothrottle", controls the physical throttles and thereby automated thrust control. ATC is toggled via ATC engage/disengage switch next to the throttle. When the ATC is engaged, the physical means of the throttle quadrants will begin to move on their own. However, whenever the pilot makes any new movement to the throttle whatsoever, the ATC will disengage to allow pilot control over both of the engines. The ATC is primarily used for landing on a carrier along of the ACLS system.<br />
<br />
=Digital Systems Overview=<br />
----<br />
[[File:displays.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
==Pilot==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat comes with 2 digital display screens in the Pilot cockpit:<br />
* '''Vertical Display Indicator (VDI):''' a multifunction display that allows for the pilot to see their HUD in a form of a repeater, and the [[#Television Camera Set|TCS]].<br />
* '''Horizontal Situation Display Indicator (HSD):''' a multifunction display that allows for the pilot to see their virtual compass for navigation modes, and the [[#AWG-9 Pulse-Doppler Radar|AWG-9 Radar]] from the RIO TID as a repeater.<br />
<br />
===Heads Up Display===<br />
The head-up display (HUD) is a projected display at the front of the cockpit that serves as the primary flight instrument. It also provides various indications for weapon delivery; this section will cover the HUD's indications in NAV master mode. Master mode/weapon-specific indications on the HUD will be covered in the relevant section.<br />
<br />
====Reject Modes====<br />
Via the switches next to the TO button on the displays panel, you are able to "declutter" or remove information off of the HUD.<br />
<br />
==Radar Intercept Officer==<br />
The Radar Intercept Officer (RIO) comes with 3 digital display screens in the RIO cockpit:<br />
* '''Detail Data Display (DDD):''' a dual-purpose display that allows for the RIO to see contacts on the [[#AWG-9 Pulse-Doppler Radar|radar]], based on the range and radar mode.<br />
* '''Tactical Information Display (TID):''' a multi-purpose display that allows for the RIO to see their [[#AWG-9 Pulse-Doppler Radar|AWG-9]] situational awareness, [[#Television Camera Set|TCS]], [[#TARPS Pod|TARPS]] and [[#LANTIRN Targeting Pod|LANTIRN]] pods.<br />
* '''Horizontal Situation Display Indicator (HSD):''' a multi-purpose display as to the one in the pilot cockpit.<br />
<br />
==Master Modes==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat has 5 primarily modes for information displayed. The 5 master modes are:<br />
* '''TO:''' switch. Displays takeoff information on HUD and VDI for degrees.<br />
* '''CRUISE:''' single-purpose button. Displays in-air flight information on HUD and VDI for degrees.<br />
* '''A/A:''' single-purpose button. Displays air-to-air information on HUD and VDI for degrees; and weapon employment.<br />
* '''A/G:''' single-purpose button. Displays air-to-ground information on HUD and VDI for degrees; and weapon employment.<br />
* '''LDG:''' single-purpose button. Displays landing information on HUD and VDI for degrees.<br />
<br />
<br />
Additionally, the F-14 Tomcat has an Air Combat Maneuver (ACM) panel which controls all air-to-air and air-to-ground aspects for armament.<br />
<br />
=Navigation=<br />
----<br />
The F-14 Tomcat has an inertial navigation system (INS) that allows the pilot to navigate by internal gyros aligned. However, due to the fault of having no GPS assistance, these gyros slowly drift over time and cause misalignment for visual information.<br />
<br />
==HSD==<br />
[[File:Hsd.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The Horizontal Situation Display Indicator (HSD) is the primary interface with the airplane's navigation systems. The HSI can be accessed from the bottom display screen. The basic function of the HSI is a rotating compass with a looking-from-above perspective. The controls for this screen are:<br />
# '''BRT Control:''' dial. Controls the brightness of the HSD screen.<br />
# '''HDG Control:''' dial. Controls the heading reference in TACAN mode.<br />
# '''CRS Control:''' dial. Controls the course heading reference in MAN and TACAN modes.<br />
# '''Test Button:''' single-purpose button. Resets the HSD screen if overload protection activates.<br />
# '''BIT Indicator:''' light. Shows a white light if a failure produces in the HSD.<br />
<br />
=== Steering Commands ===<br />
The HSD comes with a set of 5 different steering commands, which each have their own purpose towards displaying certain information:<br />
* '''TACAN:''' single-purpose button. Displays information based off of a radio beacon with range and direction.<br />
* '''DEST:''' single-purpose button. Displays information off of a selected waypoint from the RIO with range and direction.<br />
* '''AWL/PCD:''' single-purpose button. Displays information off of an ICLS frequency with azimuth and elevation bars (on VDI and HUD)<br />
* '''VEC:''' single-purpose button. ? (needs more info.)<br />
* '''MAN:''' single-purpose button. Displays information off of an entered heading (HDG Control) with direction.<br />
<br />
==Waypoints==<br />
The F-14B comes with an onboard flight computer system that handles waypoint navigation during in-air flight. The navigation system in the F-14B Tomcat gives a variety of waypoint holders, along with information for a set home plate.<br />
<br />
===Pilot===<br />
For the F-14B pilot, the waypoint information is able to be accessed by the DEST steering command and by using the NAV HSD display mode.<br />
<br />
===Radar Intercept Officer===<br />
For the F-14B Radar Intercept Officer, (RIO) the waypoints must be manually assigned by the RIO through the Computer Address Panel (CAP) system under the TAC DATA category. Once done, the waypoint must be selected through the CAP and entered in with coordinates similar to how INS alignment procedures are done.<br />
<br />
==TACAN==<br />
Tactical Air Navigation (TACAN) is a military radio navigation system. A TACAN beacon allows for an aircraft to determine its bearing and range from it, and using this information can navigate. TACAN's may be ground-based or be broadcasted by an airplane. TACAN channels have two bands, X and Y, and range from 1-126. 2 TACAN channels may be set present in the aircraft by both the Pilot and RIO for simultaneous use.<br />
<br />
The TACAN setting knobs give a range of these options:<br />
*'''T/R:''' Transmit and receive. Gets bearing and range from the TACAN.<br />
*'''RCV:''' Receive. Gets bearing from the TACAN.<br />
*'''A/A:''' Air-to-air TACAN mode.<br />
*'''X:''' Tunes the selected frequency on the X band.<br />
*'''Y:''' Tunes the selected frequency on the Y band.<br />
<br />
==ICLS==<br />
For night and low visibility operations, aircraft carriers have an Instrument Carrier Landing System (ICLS) to allow for instrument approaches to the carrier. ICLS provides horizontal and vertical guidance. The F-14 is equipped with ICLS.<br />
<br />
To activate the airplane's ICLS antenna, an ICLS dial is present to the right of the warning lights advisory panel, with an ARA on/off switch, used to toggle power to the system.<br />
<br />
When ILS is selected on the HSI, two bars, one horizontal and one vertical, appear near the velocity vector on the HUD. These indicate a vertical and horizontal deviation from the optimal glideslope (3°) and course to the deck. When they are both aligned with the velocity vector (making a "+"), the aircraft is on course.<br />
<br />
==ACLS==<br />
For CAT III conditions and poor visibility, the F-14 is equipped with the Automatic Carrier Landing System (ACLS) to allow an automatic flight to the carrier via. a radio-guided input from a Landing Signal Officer. (LSO) The auto-throttle and autopilot systems must be engaged and present during the time of activation with this system, along with lights given to the left of the VDI display.<br />
<br />
Datalink is required between the aircraft and the carrier in order for ACLS to work. When the best position of the azimuth and glideslope bars are within parameters, the nosewheel steering button is pressed in order to engage guidance.<br />
<br />
==Navigation Failures==<br />
The F-14B has a variety of navigation failures that may/can occur, including methods to fix them.<br />
<br />
===Navigation Fix Update===<br />
An error of latitude or longitude in the computer position of the aircraft can be corrected by a navigation fix update. Updating is especially important in the backup modes (AHRS AM and IMU/ AM) because of the estimated winds and magnetic variation changes. A nav fix is done via a ground-reference-point (latitude and longitude) position. The range and bearing of this position to the present aircraft position are used to update or correct existing values. The nav system may be updated by either a radar fix, a TACAN fix, or a visual fix.<br />
<br />
Before performing a nav fix, the latitude and longitude of the desired update point (radar, TACAN, or visual) must be stored in one of eight navigation point locations (three WPs, FIX PT, HOME BASE, HOST AREA, DEF PT, and IP). This data can be stored prior to flight by data link or by manual insertion. Then follow these steps:<br />
<br />
# Hook the Waypoint you choose to select for the nav fix.<br />
# Check the stored latitude and longitude on the TID.<br />
# Rotate the CATEGORY switch to NAV and select the desired type of update.<br />
<br />
<br />
Note that updating the position while in INS, and to a lesser degree while in IMU, can introduce a greater navigational position error than already present, in particular, if radar fix is used to update the nav system. Updates with a visual or TACAN fix provide reasonable accuracy (assuming a good MAG VAR during TACAN updates). Updating your nav system via a nav fix should be primarily used in the AHRS mode.<br />
<br />
===Radar Fix Update===<br />
An RDR FIX may be selected before or after positioning the DDD cursors. If the RDR FIX button is depressed, the computer computes the present position of the aircraft by measuring the range and bearing from the selected point. The delta between the computer position and the position determined by the INS is then displayed on the TID. If the entry of this delta into the navigation computations is desired, press the FIX ENABLE button. If the delta does not appear to be correct, the computer and the readout can be cleared by pressing the RDR FIX button. The fix may then be attempted again. The RIO should also perform periodic checks of own aircraft system altitude and update the altitude if necessary.<br />
<br />
Radar updating is performed as follows:<br />
<br />
# TID CURSOR/CAP - Hook Desired Navigation Point for Update.<br />
# PULSE SRCH button - Depress.<br />
# On sensor control panel: STAB switch - IN. EL BARS switch - 1. AZ SCAN switch - As Desired.<br />
# RDR FIX button - Depress.<br />
# DDD CURSOR button - Depress.<br />
# Action switch - Half Action (first detent).<br />
# Cursor is displayed on DDD.<br />
# Manipulate hand control DDD cursor over desired ground map point.<br />
# Action switch - Full Action and Release. (This will cause the DDD cursor to remain at the selected position.<br />
# Observe the delta for LAT and LONG on TID.<br />
# If readouts are unsatisfactory, deselect RDR FIX and repeat steps 4 through 12.<br />
# FIX ENABLE button - Depress.<br />
<br />
===TACAN Update===<br />
To perform a nav fix by TACAN requires that a restored waypoint shares identical LAT and LONG values with the TACAN station that will be used for the fix. Select the TACAN channel for the desired station and verify by listening to the coded identifier tone in the headset.<br />
<br />
Press the TACAN FIX button to update the aircraft position from a TACAN station. The WCS computer then calculates the own aircraft position error based on the range and bearing from the TACAN station. The delta is then entered in the same manner as with a radar fix.<br />
<br />
Perform a TACAN fix following these steps:<br />
<br />
# Select a TACAN channel whose latitude and longitude correspond to an update point.<br />
# Hook desired update point (WAYPT 1, FIX PT, HOME BASE, etc.).<br />
# CATEGORY switch - NAV.<br />
# TACAN FIX button - Depress.<br />
# Observe present position delta readout.<br />
# If delta is unsatisfactory, deselect TACAN FIX and repeat steps 2 through 7.<br />
# FIX ENABLE button - Depress.<br />
<br />
===Visual Update===<br />
To perform a visual fix, fly over a restored waypoint and press the VIS FIX button. Estimate your timing, because the aircraft nose and fuselage can obscure the fixed point during an overflight. It is also difficult to estimate when directly overhead a waypoint if the aircraft altitude is greater than 10.000 feet. The delta for the visual fix is displayed on the TID. Enter the delta by pressing FIX ENABLE.<br />
<br />
To perform a visual fix use the following steps:<br />
<br />
# Hook desired update point (WAY PT, HB, IP, etc.).<br />
# Select NAV category on CAP.<br />
# Overfly the selected restored point and when over the point, depress the VIS FIX button on the cap.<br />
# If the delta is not satisfactory, press VIS FIX again to clear the delta and repeat from step 1.<br />
# If a satisfactory delta is displayed, depress the FIX ENABLE button; this causes the delta correction of own-aircraft position to be inserted into the computer.<br />
<br />
===Datalink Update===<br />
To perform a data link update of the aircraft INS to the TDS frame of reference, the aircraft and TDS must share a prebriefed waypoint, identical in latitude and longitude. Enter this LAT/LONG data into the HOST AREA pseudo target file. The TDS will uplink the common reference point as a data link waypoint. When the aircraft and TDS INS systems agree, the data link waypoint and host area symbols will be superimposed on the TID. If they drift apart, the two pseudo targets on the TID will drift as well.<br />
<br />
To perform an update via data link, use the following steps:<br />
<br />
# Hook data link waypoint corresponding prebriefed reference point.<br />
# Select NAV category on CAP.<br />
# Overfly the hooked data link waypoint. When immediately over the point, press VIS FIX button on CAP.<br />
# Observe delta LAT and LONG on TID.<br />
# If deltas are satisfactory and update is desired, depress FIX ENABLE.<br />
# After a data link update, HOST AREA and data link waypoint should be superimposed on the TID again.<br />
<br />
===Fighter-to-Fighter Navigation Update===<br />
Net aircraft that use fighter-to-fighter data link can update their navigation system in the FF/DL mode. To update LAT/LONG hook the net aircraft symbol of an aircraft that is in close proximity and select F/F NAV UPDATE on the CAP. This will enter the hooked aircraft’s coordinates into the INS as own-aircraft coordinates. To update the nav system on an aircraft that is not close, first obtain a radar STT on that aircraft, hook the STT-ed aircraft on the TID and then press F/F NAV UPDATE on the CAP.<br />
<br />
=Defensive Systems=<br />
----<br />
The F-14B is equipped with various defensive systems: the AN/ALE-39 Countermeasure Dispensing System (CMDS), for the release of chaff and flares, the AN/ALQ-126 Deception ECM (DECM), for jamming enemy radar, and the AN/ALR-67 Radar Warning Reciever (RWR), for detection of enemy radar emitters and missile launches.<br />
<br />
==AN/ALR-67 RWR==<br />
[[File:alr-67.png|thumb|400px]]<br />
The AN/ALR-67 Radar Warning Receiver (RWR) provides the Hornet the ability to detect radars via the radio/microwave radiation they emit.<br />
<br />
===Audio Tones===<br />
Accompanying the RWR are various audio feedback tones:<br />
*'''Single Beep:''' A new ground- or sea-based emitter has been detected.<br />
*'''Double Beep:''' A new airborne emitter has been detected.<br />
*'''Repeating Beep:''' An emitter is tracking.<br />
*'''Faster Repeating Beep:''' An emitter is guiding a missile or is a missile.<br />
<br />
<br />
On the RWR gauge, the RWR knob will control the volume of the RWR tones.<br />
<br />
===Emitter Identifiers===<br />
''This list is, at present, not complete.''<br />
{|class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"<br />
!Type<br />
!RWR ID<br />
|-<br />
|U<br />
|Unknown<br />
|-<br />
|M<br />
|Active radar-homing missile<br />
|-<br />
|S<br />
|Search radar<br />
|-<br />
|3<br />
|SA-3 "Goa"<br />
|-<br />
|6<br />
|SA-6 "Gainful"<br />
|-<br />
|8<br />
|SA-8 "Gecko"<br />
|-<br />
|10<br />
|SA-10 "Grumble"<br />
|-<br />
|11<br />
|SA-11 "Gadfly"<br />
|-<br />
|11<br />
|F-111 Aardvark<br />
|-<br />
|12<br />
|SA-12 "Gladiator"<br />
|-<br />
|13<br />
|SA-13 "Gopher"<br />
|-<br />
|13<br />
|C-130 Hercules<br />
|-<br />
|14<br />
|F-14 Tomcat<br />
|-<br />
|15<br />
|F-15 Eagle<br />
|-<br />
|15 <br />
|SA-15 "Gauntlet"<br />
|-<br />
|16<br />
|F-16 Fighting Falcon<br />
|-<br />
|17<br />
|C-17 Globemaster III<br />
|-<br />
|18<br />
|F/A-18 Hornet<br />
|-<br />
|22<br />
|Tu-22 "Blinder"<br />
|-<br />
|23<br />
|MiG-23 "Flogger"<br />
|-<br />
|24<br />
|Su-24 "Fencer"<br />
|-<br />
|25<br />
|MiG-25 "Foxbat"<br />
|-<br />
|29<br />
|MiG-29 "Fulcrum"<br />
|-<br />
|29<br />
|Su-27 "Flanker"<br />
|-<br />
|29<br />
|Su-33 "Flanker-D"<br />
|-<br />
|30<br />
|Su-30 "Flanker-C"<br />
|-<br />
|31<br />
|MiG-31 "Foxhound"<br />
|-<br />
|34<br />
|Su-34 "Fullback"<br />
|-<br />
|39<br />
|Su-25M "Frogfoot"<br />
|-<br />
|40<br />
|''Spruance''-class destroyer<br />
|-<br />
|48<br />
|''Nimitz''-class carrier<br />
|-<br />
|49<br />
|''Oliver Hazard Perry''-class frigate<br />
|-<br />
|50<br />
|A-50 "Mainstay"<br />
|-<br />
|52<br />
|B-52 Stratofortress<br />
|-<br />
|76<br />
|IL-76 "Candid"<br />
|-<br />
|78<br />
|IL-78 "Midas"<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==AN/ALE-39 CMDS==<br />
[[File:f14 cms.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The AN/ALE-39 is the countermeasures dispensing set installed in the F-14B in this simulation. It controls its own set of launchers located between the engine nozzles on the underside of the so-called beaver-tail. The launchers each have two sections, one containing 10 cartridges and the other 20. They are referred to the left and right dispensers even though the left is really the front one and the right the back one with both being mounted inline on the left side of the tailhook. This is a remnant from the earliest model F-14s carrying the AN/ALE-29.<br />
<br />
This all sums up to a capacity of 60 cartridges in the system with each section necessarily holding one type of cartridges meaning that any combination of cartridges is possible as long as each type’s quantity is a multiple of 10. The system itself has no real knowledge of what is loaded where so incorrectly programming the system can lead to the wrong type of cartridge being ejected.<br />
<br />
===Cockpit Controls===<br />
The system itself can be operated manually from the control panel in the RIO pit or the DLC thumbwheel on the pilot stick when the flaps lever is in the up position. It is also capable of running programmed sequences of ejection which in turn can be initiated manually by the RIO from the control panel or the direction hats mounted on the handhold over the DDD. In addition, the AN/ALR-67 can also initiate the chaff ejection program if set up correctly on the AN/ALE-39 control panel.<br />
<br />
==AN/ALQ-126 DECM==<br />
The AN/ALQ-126 deception jammer is designed to detect radar threats, analyze them, select the optimum countermeasure technique available and apply it. Available techniques for jamming are amongst others, main lobe blanking, inverse con-scan, range-gate pull-off and swept square modes. In DCS this is modeled as a simple noise jammer due to engine limitations but controlled by the DECM logic as to when it’s on or off.<br />
<br />
===Cockpit Controls===<br />
The controls for the AN/ALQ-126 DECM are all located on the right horizontal panel in the RIO pit, the panel as the image above. In addition, there are two indication lights co-located with the RWR threat indicators on the right side of the TID. The mode selector knob controls power and operational mode that the system is in. The modes for the DECM are as follows:<br />
<br />
* '''OFF:''' turns off power to the system. STBY begins pre-warming of the system, taking in all-around 5 minutes.<br />
* '''TEST HOLD 3 SEC:''' is used to prepare the system for BIT, after 3 seconds in this mode, turn the knob to TEST - ACT.<br />
* '''TEST ACT:''' starts the BIT in the system. The BIT takes approximately 30 seconds and the RCV light will be illuminated the whole time while the XMIT light will flash twice. If the STANDBY light illuminates it indicates that a no-go condition exists in the system.<br />
* '''REC:''' enables the system to receive the only mode, enabling analyzation of threats and also the threat audio.<br />
* '''RPT:''' enables full system functionality, in addition to REC it also now tries to jam threats according to the selected method.<br />
<br />
=Television Camera Set=<br />
----<br />
[[File:tcs_symbology.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The F-14B is outfitted with the ALQ-100 Television Camera Set (TCS) pod, used for visually identifying aircraft during the time of which IFF was not a trusted/more inferior method to confirming hostile aircraft and to keep track of their position, as well as their living status.<br />
<br />
==Symbology==<br />
On the TID, in non-TV mode, a TCS track is indicated by a 1.5” strobe at TCS LOS azimuth with a hollow circle at the end.<br />
<br />
The symbology on the video feed from the TCS has indicators for the FOV and two crosshairs indicating TCS LOS relative own aircraft, GACH, and AN/AWG-9 radar LOS relative TCS LOS, RACH. Additionally, the track window is indicated by 4 small squares representing each corner of that window.<br />
<br />
The gimbal angle crosshairs or GACH, which is a solid cross, indicate deflection of the TCS LOS from the aircraft datum line, ADL. GACH crosshair in the center indicates TCS LOS along ADL and deflection towards the edges indicate deflection towards the gimbal limits with the video edges being maximum deflection.<br />
<br />
RACH or radar angle crosshairs, a dashed crosshair, indicate radar antenna LOS when inside the current TCS FOV. When the sensors slave to one another RACH and GACH will coincide creating a single solid crosshair.<br />
<br />
The track window indicates the area that the TCS contrast tracker is currently locked on to if it has acquired a target. When not in an active track these squares collapse into the center of the display being 2% of the screen width when in manual mode and 5% when in an auto mode.<br />
<br />
=LANTIRN Targeting Pod=<br />
----<br />
[[File:flir.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The F-14B can carry the AN/AAQ-14 Low Altitude Navigation and Targeting Infrared For Night (LANTIRN) targeting pod. This pod consists of a Forward-Looking Infrared (FLIR) camera (which also includes a digital charged coupled device camera) for target locating and observing, a Laser Target Designator/Ranger for firing a laser that both designates targets for laser-homing weapons and gathers ranging information for designating whatever the FLIR is pointed at as an air-to-ground, and a Laser Spot Tracker (LST) which can search for and track a laser, allowing for the FLIR to be cued onto an offboard (ground or air-designated) laser from another unit and then designate a Target off said point; this allows for most effective buddy-lasing. The targeting pod can be used in both air-to-ground and air-to-air functions, but the LTD/R and LST are only used for A/G operation.<br />
<br />
==Symbology==<br />
The following areas on the LANTIRN are to represent:<br />
# '''A/C Position Data:''' Displays aircraft LAT/LON, altitude, and groundspeed information.<br />
# '''LANTIRN Polarity:''' Displays white or hot background. AGC is for automatic gain control, MGC is for manual gain control.<br />
# '''LANTIRN Information:''' Gives general information on the pod. SR is for slant range, AZ/EL for azimuth/elevation of sight, and rest is UTC time.<br />
# '''LANTIRN Track Mode:''' Displays the current tracking mode. A/A is for air-to-air, A/G is for air-to-ground. Right side is for current selected weapon.<br />
# '''Track Data:''' Displays information of LAT/LON and altitude of where the sight is at.<br />
# '''Track:''' Displays the hairs for point and area track, and what the sight is directly pointed at.<br />
# '''Launch Envelopes:''' The top tape is for the heading relative of the aircraft to the track. The right side tape is for the release point.<br />
<br />
=TARPS Pod=<br />
----<br />
Not yet implemented.<br />
<br />
=Air-to-Air Radar=<br />
----<br />
==Detail Data Display==<br />
[[File:f14 ddd.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
Among the 3 digital displays, the Detail Data Display gives the RIO information about contacts from the AWG-9 radar in terms of range and radar mode, with respect to the notch filter.<br />
<br />
===Notch Filter===<br />
The AWG-9 radar in the F-14B Tomcat has a notch filter when using the pulse-doppler radar modes under certain conditions. These conditions include, but are not limited to:<br />
<br />
* ~100 knot difference of the aircraft relative to contact<br />
* Contact flying 90 degrees perpendicular CW/CCW to aircraft<br />
* Masking with ground terrain scan return<br />
<br />
<br />
There is a rough line shown in the radar modes, likewise of the jamming lobe, for when considering the notch filter that the contact will disappear from.<br />
<br />
==Tactical Information Display==<br />
[[File:f14 tid.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The Tactical Information Display (TID) gives the RIO of the F-14B the main information on the AWG-9 radar, including situational awareness, range, altitude, and contact heading.<br />
<br />
===Display Modes===<br />
The TID comes with a total of 8 display modes available, that can be toggled either on or off for purposes of gathering more information or decluttering:<br />
<br />
* '''RID DISABLE:''' ? needs more info. Not yet implemented.<br />
* '''ALT NUM:''' Displays the altitude of contact with a singular digit rounded to the nearest thousand.<br />
* '''SYM ELEM:''' Displays the symbology of contacts corresponding to HAFU.<br />
* '''DATA LINK:''' Displays contacts from the datalink frequency.<br />
* '''JAM STROBE:''' Displays the jamming strobes. Not yet implemented.<br />
* '''NON-ATTK:''' Displays determined (manual IFF or datalink) HAFU of friendly contacts.<br />
* '''VEL VECTOR:''' Displays the velocity vectors of contacts.<br />
* '''LAUNCH ZONE:''' Displays contact approximate missile launch zones.<br />
<br />
==AN/AWG-9 Radar==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat is equipped with the AN/AWG-9 all-weather and pulse-doppler radar. It is a very long-range radar used for the main purpose of intercept.<br />
<br />
===Radar Modes===<br />
The AWG-9 in the F-14B comes with 2 types of radar modes: doppler and pulse-doppler search. Of those two, subsets are able to be observed as 5 in this list:<br />
<br />
* '''PD SRCH:''' Pulse-Doppler Search mode. No bias factor of the radar, but impedes to pulse-doppler methods.<br />
* '''PD STT:''' Pulse-Doppler Single Target Track mode. By default upon acquiring a lock with the AWG-9, the radar will move to this function mode. It is currently suspectable to the notch filter.<br />
* '''RWS:''' Range While Search mode. The radar will prioritize the range of targets but not other factors. Falls under pulse-doppler.<br />
* '''TWS MAN:''' Track While Scan - Manual mode. The radar will prioritize the situational awareness of other targets but not give information on every target. The radar will also prioritize targets by threat importance.<br />
* '''TWS AUTO:''' Track While Scan - Auto mode. The radar will perform the same as TWS Man, but the elevation and azimuth controls will be automated in the process for an optimal scan.<br />
* '''PULSE SRCH:''' Pulse Search mode. No bias factor of the radar and can not be impeded to the notch filter, unlike the pulse-doppler method. The radar will, however, output a return of everything that is scanned and requires tuning.<br />
* '''PULSE STT:''' Pulse Single Target Track mode. Performing similarly to Pulse Search mode, this function mode applies to only a single target and is not suspectable to the notch filter.<br />
<br />
====Pulse-Doppler Search Mode====<br />
[[File:f14 pulsedoppler.png|thumb|350px]]<br />
The pulse-doppler search mode is used mainly as a kind of early warning mode. It is the search mode with the greatest detection range but it can display no range to the RIO, only closure rate. For this reason, the TID can display no track information.<br />
<br />
====Pulse-Doppler STT Mode====<br />
[[File:f14 pdstt.png|thumb|350px]]<br />
The pulse-doppler STT works and looks much like the pulse STT mode. It does, however, have the same advantages and disadvantages compared to pulse STT as the other pulse-doppler modes compared to the pulse modes. This means that while much better at tracking a target close to the ground it is however vulnerable to notching.<br />
<br />
The DDD display for pulse-doppler STT looks like pulse STT display except that the target return and antenna azimuth display are moved to the left side of the screen and a generated synthetic target marker is displayed at the correct azimuth instead. This is so that the targets range can be displayed by the synthetic target, unlike the other pulse-doppler modes which only shows closure rate. The other symbology on the DDD in this mode are the same as in pulse STT.<br />
<br />
====Range While Search Mode====<br />
In range while search, a frequency measuring ranging mode is added (FM ranging) to allow the radar to measure the range of tracked targets in addition to closure rate. This additional processing does, however, mean that the effective range of the radar is somewhat lesser. The display on the DDD is the same as in pulse-doppler search, the TID however also shows tracks in this mode showing the targets as tracks momentarily as they’re scanned and displaying their position and altitude. <br />
<br />
The targets are shown for a maximum of two seconds or until the antenna again scans the same bar at the same azimuth at which time it is removed unless detected again. The maximum number of concurrently shown tracks are 48.<br />
<br />
====TWS Manual Mode====<br />
The track, while scan mode uses the same FM ranging as RWS with the same reduction in range compared to pulse-doppler search and the DDD display, is also the same. The main difference that the computer establishes track files and tracks up to 24 targets concurrently of which 18 can be shown on the TID at any given time.<br />
<br />
As the computer routine calculating these tracks need a set track refresh time of 2 seconds this limits available azimuth scan area and bar settings to either 20° 4 bars or 40° 2 bars. When entering TWS the computer automatically selects the ±20° 4 bar scan disregarding the RIO set scan volumes unless those are set to ±40° 2 bars in which case that is used instead.<br />
<br />
The TWS mode is also the only mode enabling guidance of the AIM-54 at multiple targets (up to six), and as soon as engageable targets are detected the computer starts assigning them a missile priority number according to optimal missile firing sequence.<br />
<br />
====TWS Auto Mode====<br />
Performing similarly to TWS Man mode, what differs between the two is that in TWS auto the computer takes control of used scan volume and scan pattern azimuth and elevation as soon as target tracks are present. The WCS computer automatically tries to optimize the scan volume and direction so that tracking of the prioritized targets is maximized. If not selected before launch the WCS overrides as soon as the first AIM-54 is launched and selects TWS Auto.<br />
<br />
====Pulse Search Mode====<br />
[[File:f14 pulse.png|thumb|350px]]<br />
Pulse search is used to search for and find airborne targets at range. It is possible to use this radar mode as a basic ground mapper as well which can be useful for navigation and navigational fixes and can also be used in a pinch to detect larger surface targets like ships. Keep in mind though that the radar is not built with this as its main function and that a real air-to-ground radar will outperform it handily.<br />
<br />
In this mode, the radar cannot by itself differentiate targets and generate tracks meaning that the WCS will not generate track files and display anything on the TID. This also means that pulse search is not capable of guiding missiles.<br />
<br />
====Pulse STT Mode====<br />
[[File:f14 pstt.png|thumb|350px]]<br />
Pulse STT is used to track a single target, like pulse search mode it is not susceptible to notching but it is to ground clutter. The fact that the STT modes use gates to track the target, in this case, range gates, means that it is less susceptible to ground clutter but a target close enough to the ground that the ground return enters the range gates would be likely to shake the lock.<br />
<br />
As it is only in the pulse-doppler modes that the missile guidance commands can be sent pulse STT is limited to launching AIM-7s in CW mode and AIM-54s in an active launch mode limiting their ranges. At short ranges, ACM ranges, it is possible to use the ASPECT switch to set what aspect of the target to track, this is just to counter different types of countermeasures. As an example, if set to NOSE the radar will be less susceptible to chaff as the radar weights its track towards the targets leading-edge (nose) away from the chaff being launched behind the target.<br />
<br />
A successful track is indicated by the ANT TRK and RDROT indicator lights on the DDD, meaning that the antenna is tracking the target and that the target is within the range gates. If the target is jamming with sufficient strength, negating a range track, the radar will transition to a jam angle track instead, indicated by the JAT indicator light on the DDD illuminating instead of the RDROT. When range tracking is again possible at closer ranges the radar will transition to that instead.<br />
<br />
The DDD in this mode will be similar to the pulse search mode but the antenna will be locked onto the target and not scan. Additionally, the DDD will show the range gates around the target, a closing rate symbol at the right scale and applicable attack symbology if a valid missile is selected.<br />
<br />
===Anti-Jamming Modes===<br />
Not yet implemented.<br />
<br />
===AN/APX-76 IFF Interrogator===<br />
The AN/APX-76 IFF (Identification Friend or Foe) interrogator is integrated into the AN/AWG-9 operation. Then interrogator antenna itself is located on the AN/AWG-9 antenna gimbal platform. An IFF system works by sending out an interrogation pulse and then listening for returns from cooperating transponders. In addition to the unencrypted civilian mode the AN/APX-76 is capable of interrogating in the encrypted military mode 4. This ensures that targets replying to mode 4 interrogations are indeed friendly. The AN/APX-76 can be used both in search radar modes and in STT radar modes. To enable interrogation the IFF switch is depressed on the Detail Data Display Panel which then activates the interrogator for as long as the button is held up to 10 seconds max.<br />
<br />
When enabled IFF received IFF returns are then overlaid on the normal AN/AWG-9 radar returns on the DDD. A friendly target will be indicated with two bars, one above and one below the normal radar return. As the AN/APX-76 is a separate radar, secondary mode, radar apart from the AWG-9 the IFF can sometimes also detect targets not detected by the AWG-9. In this case the IFF return will not have a radar echo inside it. In the search mode this is overlaid over each target replying and in STT over the STT target. Additionally, if the STT target is hooked on the TID the DDD will switch from normal range display to a ±10 NM display to enable display of multiple returns in case of closely grouped targets.<br />
<br />
==HAFU/Datalink==<br />
[[File:HAFU.png|right|80px]]<br />
Hostile, Ambiguous, Friendly or Unknown (HAFU) is a symbology system used by the F/A-18 to represent trackfiles; specifically, to show its status as a friendly or hostile. It is usually what trackfiles are displayed as across the software.<br />
<br />
There are four HAFU symbols:<br />
*'''Triangle:''' Hostile (red when colored)<br />
*'''Thick Staple:''' Ambiguous (yellow when colored)<br />
*'''Half-Circle:''' Friendly (green when colored)<br />
*'''Thin Staple:''' Unknown (yellow when colored)<br />
<br />
<br />
All types except ambiguous can be manually assigned via the [[#SA Format|Situational Awareness]] format. Tracks will also be automatically identified as explained below.<br />
<br />
A hostile HAFU will be assigned whenever:<br />
* A negative IFF response is returned, and<br />
** An NCTR print returns with an aircraft type that is on the hostile coalition; or<br />
** A SURV (surveillance, like an AWACS) source over datalink also marks it hostile; or<br />
** A F/F (fighter-fighter, like another F/A-18) source over datalink also marks it hostile.<br />
<br />
<br />
An ambiguous HAFU will be assigned when the aircraft and a donor have conflicting identifications (friendly and hostile).<br />
<br />
A friendly HAFU will be assigned whenever an IFF interrogation returns as friendly or the track itself is contributed to by the Precise Participant Location and Identification (PPLI) system.<br />
<br />
An unknown HAFU will be assigned by default until it is updated by meeting one of the requirements above.<br />
<br />
=Air-to-Air Weapons=<br />
----<br />
This area will cover over all the different air-to-air weapons brought with the F-14B Tomcat.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Air Gun==<br />
[[File:f14 gun aa.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
''Using Real-Time mode.''<br />
<br />
The F-14 Tomcat is outfitted with the M61A1 Vulcan 6-barreled Gatling cannon, being able to hold up a maximum of 675 rounds internally.<br />
<br />
===Gun Rates===<br />
The cannon offers 2 modes of combat in the F-14B: <br />
<br />
* '''LOW:''' mode which slows down the muzzle rate, used for Air-to-Ground.<br />
* '''HIGH:''' mode which is to be used for Basic Fighter Maneuvering. (BFM)<br />
<br />
===Gun Modes===<br />
The cannon for Air-to-Air mode is able to be placed into 2 following positions:<br />
<br />
* '''Manual:''' this mode is able to be selected by depressing the CAGE/SEAM button, which will then only display the pipper and ammo count.<br />
* '''Real-Time:''' this mode is the regular, default mode. Along with a radar lock, the pipper will calculate to be accurate when directed to the diamond contact box. This will also give a closure rate towards the contact and the range relative to the aircraft.<br />
<br />
===Symbology===<br />
<br />
The symbology for the cannon is displayed on the HUD with the weapon master selector in the GUN position, and display in A/A. By default, the gun rounds indicator will be displayed as 0 for rounds per 100. Located next to the display panel to the right is the gun ammo counter. Additionally, the gunsight elevation is also able to be adjusted underneath the steer commands on the display panel.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Air Missiles==<br />
===Missile Preparation===<br />
Missile preparation in the F-14B Tomcat is started by moving the master arm switch on the ACM panel underneath the HUD to ON. This is then followed by pressing the MSL PREP and SW COOL buttons to be ON, depending on the armament type.<br />
<br />
===AIM-54 Phoenix===<br />
The AIM-54 is a long-range, semi-active radar missile for Air-to-Air use. The F-14 was the only aircraft to carry it in service and was used to take down Soviet bombers. However, it is able to be used on fighters as well. The AIM-54 comes with a proximity fuse and missile gate suite for non-direct contact explosions and radar tracking methods. <br />
<br />
Upon the launch of the missile, active input from the AN/AWG-9 radar is used to guide itself towards the contact. When reaching pitbull range (~20 nmi.) the missile will then use the radar in itself and steer until impact. <br />
<br />
The time until impact will be calculated during the whole flight of the missile after the launch sequence on the TID as a seconds counter next to the contact.<br />
<br />
====Missile Variants====<br />
The AIM-54 for the F-14 in DCS is not only just 1 variant but 2 provided for the aircraft:<br />
<br />
* '''AIM-54A Mk.60:''' The A variant Mk.60 is a specific version of the AIM-54 Phoenix which utilizes burn time and speed over agility and smoke. The Mk.60 is able to be fired from at most ~100 nmi. under optimal conditions, factoring altitude, kinetic airspeed, contact airspeed, and altitude. The recommended firing distance of the variant, however, is ~45 nmi.<br />
* '''AIM-54C Mk.47:''' The C variant Mk.47 is a later upgrade to the missile that utilizes agility and smoke over burn time and speed. While the C variant provides a no-smoke solution, it lacks the favoring of speed and distance. Under optimal conditions similar to the A, this missile variant is best at ~60 nmi. The recommended distance to contact for firing is ~30 nmi.<br />
<br />
====Launch Modes====<br />
The main seeker in the AIM-54 is able to be fired through 3 launch modes in according:<br />
<br />
# '''Semi-active Radar Homing (SARH):''' In the first stage of the AIM-54 engagement, the missile is guided semi-actively by the AN/AWG-9 radar using both guidance commands transmitted via the radar and radar energy reflected off the target. Then when the missile is within range of its seeker’s ARH mode the AN/AWG-9 commands the missile to switch to ARH. In pulse doppler STT the AIM-54 uses SARH all the way to the target receiving guidance commands at a greater rate than in TWS and also continuous spotlighting of the target because of the STT mode being used. This increases the effective range of the AIM-54 seeker slightly.<br />
# '''Active Radar Homing (ARH):''' This tells the WCS to immediately command the AIM-54 to go active in the first guidance command after launch. If launched at a target within 6 NM if in the targets rear hemisphere or 10 NM miles if in its forward hemisphere the WCS will also automatically command this mode instead of a SARH mode. If the target is not detected actively by the seeker it will still fall back to SARH until the seeker can acquire on its own like in the two SARH modes.<br />
# '''ACM Active:''' The missile is commanded active before launch making this the only mode where the missile is truly fire and forget. The AIM-54 missile receives the active message before launching from the WCS in addition to a command prepositioning the seeker-head to have it look at the current WCS track if available.<br />
<br />
<br />
Additionally, the AIM-54 has an unofficial method of launching the missile:<br />
<br />
* '''Mad-dogging:''' A method that uses the aircraft relative to their contact altitude and airspeed and firing the AIM-54 in the direction, which will force it to become semi-active within the pitbull range.<br />
<br />
====HUD Symbology====<br />
[[File:f14 aim54 hud.png|thumb|400px]]<br />
The pilot will receive standard symbology of the AIM-54 missile selected when the display is in A/A mode. Similar to the GUNS format, displayed on the HUD will be the weapon type denoted in 2 letters, and the number of missiles. Additionally, any more advanced symbology will occur by lock, which is required at first to fire the missile without "mad-dogging."<br />
<br />
====VDI Symbology====<br />
[[File:f14 aim54 vdi.png|thumb|400px]]<br />
The pilot will also receive additional symbology on the VDI whenever a radar lock occurs with the AIM-54 selected.<br />
<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
===AIM-7 Sparrow===<br />
The AIM-7 Sparrow is an active-radar guided missile for Air-to-Air employment. This missile requires an active radar lock to a contact in order to guide itself for impact. The benefit of this missile is that it is able to lose trackoing guidance if the aircraft breaks the lock on a friendly contact, as well as being able to be used in a mixed scenario.<br />
<br />
The maximum range of the Sparrow under optimal conditions as the Phoenix is ~25 nmi. The recommended distance, however, is roughly ~10 nmi.<br />
<br />
===AIM-9 Sidewinder===<br />
The AIM-9 Sidewinder is an IR-guided missile that self tracks based off of thermal energy (heat) of an aircraft. This missile should be used for close quarters range, where agility and speed are a high priority. The benefit of this missile is how quickly it can turn onto a contact. However, a con to this can be "sun-aiming," where the missile follows a contact that flies directly to the sun and immediately flanks out of the sensor sight of the Sidewinder.<br />
<br />
The maximum range on this missile is ~10 nmi., but recommended range is within ~5 nmi. under optimal conditions.<br />
<br />
=Air-to-Ground Weapons=<br />
----<br />
The F-14B Tomcat comes with a variety of air-to-ground weapons after the upgrade to the Bombcat.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Ground Gun==<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Ground Bombs==<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
===Mk-20/81/82/83/84 GPB===<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
===GBU-12/14/16 LGB===<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
===BDU-33 Training Bomb===<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
===ADM-141 TALD===<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Ground Rockets==<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
=Resources=<br />
----<br />
==Contributors==<br />
* Jak: An early contributor who wrote information on what the aircraft was and helping serve filler content.<br />
* Nullspec: Contributor towards the F/A-18C Hornet on implemented/non-implemented for the formatting.<br />
<br />
==Manuals & Documents==<br />
* [https://info.publicintelligence.net/F14AAP-1B.pdf F-14B NATOPS Pocket Checklist]<br />
* [http://www.heatblur.se/F-14Manual/ Heatblur F-14 Manual]<br />
<br />
==Heatblur's Videos==<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q1o7E9pb95Y Episode 1: Overview]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OO3IdQjAdDA Episode 2: Pilot's Cockpit Walkaround]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ws1GxPG2ZXw Episode 3: Cold And Dark (Full Startup)]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kgpGO7fj4oU Episode 4: The RIO's Office]<br />
<br />
==Jabbers' Tutorial Videos==<br />
(They're good!)<br />
<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2qwlJs__iYk Pilot - Startup/Taxi/Takeoff with JESTER AI]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b5opjCygZug Pilot - Maneuvering and Flight Characteristics]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f4y2oZ-7rM8 Pilot - Air-to-Air Refueling]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ujk4hL_EnUc Pilot - ACM - Radar Acquisition Modes]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wftck0C3fJ8 Pilot - Weapons - Zuni Rockets with JESTER AI]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4m-Q02gxFEA Pilot - Weapons - AIM-9 Sidewinder]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SWeHtpJ00JI RIO - Startup]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r4-Dd4ss2Rc RIO - AWG-9 Radar]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YG7sWweg2RQ RIO - IFF Interrogation]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2q-bHFyTEr8 Overview - AIM-54C Mk.47 Phoenix - Tacview Debrief]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PyAQpqVhtBY Overview - AIM-54A Mk.60 Phoenix - Tacview Debrief]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4groy-_Bxfk Quick Tips - AIM-54 Phoenix]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Is3AtOX-abw Quick Tips - Bombing]</div>Siriushttps://wiki.hoggitworld.com/index.php?title=F-14A/B&diff=10610F-14A/B2019-09-07T04:33:39Z<p>Sirius: /* AIM-54 Phoenix */</p>
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<br />
'''NOTE:''' This guide is currently under a work-in-progress (WIP) state. If you have any information pertaining to the topics or feedback, please relay them over to Sirius#0002 on Discord, or in the Hoggit Discord #wiki-discussion channel. Thanks!<br />
<br />
The Grumman '''F-14A/B''' Tomcat is a two-seat, twin-engine supersonic variable wing-sweep fighter aircraft. The F-14 was the first US fighter jet with twin tails and was the largest & heaviest US fighter to ever fly from an aircraft carrier. The reason that the F-14 was so incredibly large and heavy was that it carried the large AWG-9 radar and accompanying AIM-54 Phoenix (air-to-air) missiles: this very capable combination allowed the F-14 to make shots of up to 200 nautical miles at the bad guys. Also, being big means you can carry a lot of fuel!<br />
<br />
Of course, the practical range of the AWG-9 is rather more limited, especially if you are shooting at more maneuverable fighter-sized targets, but even at these closer ranges, the AIM-54 Phoenix is still a capable missile that should not be underestimated. The F-14 is also capable of carrying an array of air-to-ground weapons, such as dumb bombs in both high and low drag forms, air-to-ground Zuni rockets and even laser-guided bombs, which can be self-designated using the LANTIRN targeting pod on the F-14.<br />
<br />
Most people will recognize and adore the F-14 because of its stardom presence in that one weird volleyball movie from the '80s. Its on-screen presence in movies will make the F-14 to appear docile and easy to fly, but due to lack of a fly-by-wire the F-14 can be a real handful: it being a pilot's aircraft however makes it fun to fly and learn. The analogous nature of the F-14 (comparable to the F-5E II Tigershark) will give you a good knowledge of the airplane over time but requires a bit of a different mindset that the computerized flight of the F/A-18C and the F-15.<br />
<br />
__TOC__<br />
<br />
=Weapons List=<br />
----<br />
==Implemented==<br />
Partially or fully implemented weapons of the F14/A/B Tomcat:<br />
* M61 Vulcan Six-Barreled Gatling Gun<br />
* AIM-7M/F Sparrow<br />
* CAP/AIM-9M Sidewinder<br />
* AIM-54A Phoenix Mk. 60<br />
* AIM-54C Phoenix Mk. 47<br />
* Mk-81, 82, 83, and 84 <br />
* GBU-10, 12, 16, and 24 <br />
* MK-20 Rockeye<br />
* Zuni Rockets<br />
* BDU-33 Practice Bombs<br />
* ADM-141 TALD<br />
* LUU-2 Parachute Flare<br />
* Smokewinder<br />
* LANTIRN Pod<br />
* FPU-1 Fuel Tank<br />
<br />
==Planned==<br />
Weapons not yet implemented into the Tomcat:<br />
* TARPS Pod<br />
<br />
=Hands On Throttle And Stick (HOTAS)=<br />
----<br />
==Throttle==<br />
[[File:throttle.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The throttle of the F-14 Tomcat consists of 2 quadrants, both for the left and right engines. There is an afterburner detent along with a cutoff detent for maximum throttle and shutdown of the engine for each quadrant.<br />
<br />
The throttle has the following controls:<br />
# '''Speed Brake Switch:''' 2-position switch. "EXT" is a momentary and needed input position that extends the speed brake outward depending on the aircraft speed.<br />
# '''Wing Sweep Switch:''' 4-way hat switch. "AUTO" sets the wing to sweep automatically determined by an onboard computer, "BOMB" sets the wing to sweep in an angled position between fully extended and retracted and dependent on speed for the air-to-ground bombing.<br />
# '''PLM Button:''' multifunction button. When the steering command is in A2A mode, this acts as a pilot lock-on tool for the AWG-9 radar. But when used for landing and/or in the LDG steering command mode, this allows for disengagement of the ACLS.<br />
# '''CAGE/SEAM Button:''' multifunction button. When the steering command is in A2A mode, this allows for CAGE/SEAM lock-on of the AIM-9 Sidewinder. But when used for landing and/or in the LDG steering command mode, this allows for disengagement of the APC.<br />
# '''Exterior Light Switch:''' 2-position switch. Used to toggle the exterior lights of the aircraft.<br />
# '''ICS PTT Switch:''' 2-position switch. Acts as a push-to-talk system for the ICS system inside of the aircraft used between the Pilot and RIO. (or JESTER AI)<br />
<br />
==Control Stick==<br />
[[File:stick.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The control stick is located in the center of the cockpit, mounted onto the floor. Left and right movements of the control stick direct hydraulic movement to the spoilers and horizontal stabilizers of the aircraft. Forward and backward movement result to respectively the same but to the horizontal stabilizers.<br />
<br />
The control stick has the following controls:<br />
# '''Bomb Release Button:''' single-purpose button. When pressed in A2G steering command mode, all pylons selected with bombs will release respective of the ripple settings, type, and interval.<br />
# '''Trim Hat:''' 4-way hat switch. Upward movement moves the aircraft downward, and downward movement moves the aircraft upward. Both left and right movements follow to their directions according to their name.<br />
# '''Weapon Select Hat:''' 4-way hat switch. Bottom selection is OFF, and a ridge requires a momentary push action to move in/out of to GUN. Following all to the top are SW, then SP/PH which requires a momentary push action to switch between.<br />
# '''DLC & Maneuver Flap Command Wheel:''' scrollable dial. Moving it with the landing gears fully deployed acts as a variable control for spoiler extension. With the landing gears up, the dial also acts the same but for flaps and slats.<br />
# '''DLC Engage/Disengage & CMS Dispense Button:''' multifunction button. When pressed with the landing gears fully deployed, this controls the engagement and disengagement of the DLC system. But with the landing gears fully retracted, this allows for pilot control of the CMS system.<br />
# '''Autopilot Reference & NWS Button:''' multifunction button. When the aircraft is up in the air, this controls specific autopilot settings. But when the aircraft is on the ground, this controls the activation of the nosewheel steering system.<br />
# '''Autopilot Emergency Disengage Paddle:''' multifunction button. Disengages all autopilot modes and DLC and releases all autopilot switches and roll and pitch SAS switches to OFF position.<br />
# '''Weapon Firing Trigger:''' two-stage trigger switch. The first detent enables CTVS and gun camera. Second detent releases selected forwards firing the weapon.<br />
<br />
=Flight Controls & Landing Gear=<br />
----<br />
==Flight Controls==<br />
[[File:Wheels-flaps.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The F-14B has a large hydraulic system which covers for all of the control surfaces of the aircraft. Without the hydraulic system, or taking damage the controls are in risk of improperly working. The F-14 Tomcat was the last of its generation to have no integration of an FBW or FCS system, which was introduced with the F-15 Eagle.<br />
<br />
The F-14's primary flight controls are:<br />
* '''Left Spoilers (LES):''' A set of spoilers that lie within the left wing of the aircraft that help with aileron movement and control that react opposite of the intended direction.<br />
* '''Right Spoilers (RES):''' A set of spoilers that lie within the right wing of the aircraft that help with aileron movement and control that react opposite of the intended direction.<br />
* '''Tailerons (TAIL):''' Two horizontal stabilizers located on the rear end of the aircraft that control both pitch and aileron movement.<br />
* '''Leading Edge Flaps (LEF):''' Normal slats located on the leading (front) edge of the wings to add lift.<br />
* '''Trailing Edge Flaps (TEF):''' Normal flaps located on the trailing (back) edge of the wings to add lift.<br />
<br />
<br />
The control stick controls the stabilators, ailerons, and rudder and the rudder pedals control the rudder.<br />
<br />
===Flaps System===<br />
The aircraft's flap system provides more lift (and as a byproduct, drag). The flaps lever has two positions:<br />
* '''NONE:''' This applies no flap whatsoever to the wings of the aircraft.<br />
* '''FULL:''' This applies full movement of flaps to the wings of the aircraft.<br />
<br />
<br />
The flaps lever allows for variable movement, which gives the pilot the ability to control the amount of flap they wish for.<br />
<br />
===Speed Brake===<br />
The speed brake is a flap located on the end of the aircraft designed to provide drag to decelerate faster. It is activated via the speed brake switch on the throttle. The two positions are:<br />
* '''EXT:''' When the switch is moved aft, this extends the speed brake of the aircraft out depending on the airspeed.<br />
* '''RET:''' When the switch is moved forward, this retracts the speed brake.<br />
<br />
===Trim===<br />
The tailerons are capable of being trimmed to make roll and pitch corrections. This is accomplished with the trim hat on the controls stick. When the autopilot system is engaged, the onboard computer will attempt to make active trim movements in order to keep the aircraft within the specified attitude when set, along of the setting parameters. As speed is either gained or lost, the trim will actively move the stick as well along of the tailerons to adapt.<br />
<br />
===Wing Sweep===<br />
The wings of the aircraft are a variable-sweep design allowing for automatic or manual movements from pilot input on the right throttle quadrant. Similar to wing fold, the wings are able to be overswept from its maximum position through a master reset of the system in order to allow tighter space and closer parking on the carrier deck.<br />
<br />
==Landing Gear==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat has 3 retractable landing gears: the nose gear, the left gear, and the right gear. The gear is moved via the gear lever on the left side of the cockpit. In the up position, the gear will retract. In the down position, the gear will extend. The gear lever cannot be put up with weight on wheels. The gear will not retract with the launch bar extended.<br />
<br />
===Nosewheel Steering===<br />
The nose gear features nosewheel steering (NWS) controlled by the rudder pedals. With the weight off of the wheels, it is disengaged. It automatically engages upon there being the weight on wheels. NWS is disengaged manually via the button on the stick.<br />
<br />
===Launch Bar===<br />
On the front nosegear is a launch bar that attaches the airplane to a catapult from launches from an aircraft carrier. Its deployment is pilot-controlled, but it is connected to the catapult by the ground crew (DCS default binding is U).<br />
<br />
It is controlled via the launch bar switch on the left upper console. When the switch in the RETRACT position, the launch bar will retract, but physically cannot do so when connected to the catapult. The switch will move to the RETRACT position automatically when there is a weight off wheels. In the EXTEND position, the launch bar will extend if there is the weight on wheels.<br />
<br />
=Autopilot and Autothrottle=<br />
----<br />
The F-14 Tomcat has the ability to automate certain types of flight via its Automatic Flight Control System (AFCS) and Automatic Throttle Control (ATC). The AFCS, or simply the autopilot, control the flight surfaces and the ATC controls the throttles.<br />
<br />
==AFCS==<br />
[[File:afcs.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The Automatic Flight Control System (AFCS), or just the "autopilot", controls the aircraft's flight controls to automate maneuvering. It is interfaced on the autopilot panel via the A/P engage switch. On the autopilot panel, there are 7 modes able to be toggled:<br />
# '''Pitch Stabilizer Augmentation:''' 2-position switch. This switch controls the ability for the pitch to be augmented for dampening.<br />
# '''Roll Stabilizer Augmentation:''' 2-position switch. This switch controls the ability for the roll to be augmented for dampening.<br />
# '''Yaw Stabilizer Augmentation:''' 2-position switch. This switch controls the ability for the yaw to be augmented for dampening.<br />
# '''VEC/PCD/ACL Switch:''' 3-position switch. This switch controls the remote control modes of autopilot with the steering bars and ACLS.<br />
# '''ALT Switch:''' 2-position switch.' This switch controls the ability to maintain the current altitude when autopilot is engaged.<br />
# '''HDG/GT Switch:''' 3-position switch. This switch controls the ability to maintain the current heading when autopilot is engaged.<br />
# '''ENGAGE Switch:''' 2-position switch. This switch engages and disengages the autopilot.<br />
<br />
==ATC==<br />
The automatic throttle control (ATC), or just "autothrottle", controls the physical throttles and thereby automated thrust control. ATC is toggled via ATC engage/disengage switch next to the throttle. When the ATC is engaged, the physical means of the throttle quadrants will begin to move on their own. However, whenever the pilot makes any new movement to the throttle whatsoever, the ATC will disengage to allow pilot control over both of the engines. The ATC is primarily used for landing on a carrier along of the ACLS system.<br />
<br />
=Digital Systems Overview=<br />
----<br />
[[File:displays.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
==Pilot==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat comes with 2 digital display screens in the Pilot cockpit:<br />
* '''Vertical Display Indicator (VDI):''' a multifunction display that allows for the pilot to see their HUD in a form of a repeater, and the [[#Television Camera Set|TCS]].<br />
* '''Horizontal Situation Display Indicator (HSD):''' a multifunction display that allows for the pilot to see their virtual compass for navigation modes, and the [[#AWG-9 Pulse-Doppler Radar|AWG-9 Radar]] from the RIO TID as a repeater.<br />
<br />
===Heads Up Display===<br />
The head-up display (HUD) is a projected display at the front of the cockpit that serves as the primary flight instrument. It also provides various indications for weapon delivery; this section will cover the HUD's indications in NAV master mode. Master mode/weapon-specific indications on the HUD will be covered in the relevant section.<br />
<br />
====Reject Modes====<br />
Via the switches next to the TO button on the displays panel, you are able to "declutter" or remove information off of the HUD.<br />
<br />
==Radar Intercept Officer==<br />
The Radar Intercept Officer (RIO) comes with 3 digital display screens in the RIO cockpit:<br />
* '''Detail Data Display (DDD):''' a dual-purpose display that allows for the RIO to see contacts on the [[#AWG-9 Pulse-Doppler Radar|radar]], based on the range and radar mode.<br />
* '''Tactical Information Display (TID):''' a multi-purpose display that allows for the RIO to see their [[#AWG-9 Pulse-Doppler Radar|AWG-9]] situational awareness, [[#Television Camera Set|TCS]], [[#TARPS Pod|TARPS]] and [[#LANTIRN Targeting Pod|LANTIRN]] pods.<br />
* '''Horizontal Situation Display Indicator (HSD):''' a multi-purpose display as to the one in the pilot cockpit.<br />
<br />
==Master Modes==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat has 5 primarily modes for information displayed. The 5 master modes are:<br />
* '''TO:''' switch. Displays takeoff information on HUD and VDI for degrees.<br />
* '''CRUISE:''' single-purpose button. Displays in-air flight information on HUD and VDI for degrees.<br />
* '''A/A:''' single-purpose button. Displays air-to-air information on HUD and VDI for degrees; and weapon employment.<br />
* '''A/G:''' single-purpose button. Displays air-to-ground information on HUD and VDI for degrees; and weapon employment.<br />
* '''LDG:''' single-purpose button. Displays landing information on HUD and VDI for degrees.<br />
<br />
<br />
Additionally, the F-14 Tomcat has an Air Combat Maneuver (ACM) panel which controls all air-to-air and air-to-ground aspects for armament.<br />
<br />
=Navigation=<br />
----<br />
The F-14 Tomcat has an inertial navigation system (INS) that allows the pilot to navigate by internal gyros aligned. However, due to the fault of having no GPS assistance, these gyros slowly drift over time and cause misalignment for visual information.<br />
<br />
==HSD==<br />
[[File:Hsd.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The Horizontal Situation Display Indicator (HSD) is the primary interface with the airplane's navigation systems. The HSI can be accessed from the bottom display screen. The basic function of the HSI is a rotating compass with a looking-from-above perspective. The controls for this screen are:<br />
# '''BRT Control:''' dial. Controls the brightness of the HSD screen.<br />
# '''HDG Control:''' dial. Controls the heading reference in TACAN mode.<br />
# '''CRS Control:''' dial. Controls the course heading reference in MAN and TACAN modes.<br />
# '''Test Button:''' single-purpose button. Resets the HSD screen if overload protection activates.<br />
# '''BIT Indicator:''' light. Shows a white light if a failure produces in the HSD.<br />
<br />
=== Steering Commands ===<br />
The HSD comes with a set of 5 different steering commands, which each have their own purpose towards displaying certain information:<br />
* '''TACAN:''' single-purpose button. Displays information based off of a radio beacon with range and direction.<br />
* '''DEST:''' single-purpose button. Displays information off of a selected waypoint from the RIO with range and direction.<br />
* '''AWL/PCD:''' single-purpose button. Displays information off of an ICLS frequency with azimuth and elevation bars (on VDI and HUD)<br />
* '''VEC:''' single-purpose button. ? (needs more info.)<br />
* '''MAN:''' single-purpose button. Displays information off of an entered heading (HDG Control) with direction.<br />
<br />
==Waypoints==<br />
The F-14B comes with an onboard flight computer system that handles waypoint navigation during in-air flight. The navigation system in the F-14B Tomcat gives a variety of waypoint holders, along with information for a set home plate.<br />
<br />
===Pilot===<br />
For the F-14B pilot, the waypoint information is able to be accessed by the DEST steering command and by using the NAV HSD display mode.<br />
<br />
===Radar Intercept Officer===<br />
For the F-14B Radar Intercept Officer, (RIO) the waypoints must be manually assigned by the RIO through the Computer Address Panel (CAP) system under the TAC DATA category. Once done, the waypoint must be selected through the CAP and entered in with coordinates similar to how INS alignment procedures are done.<br />
<br />
==TACAN==<br />
Tactical Air Navigation (TACAN) is a military radio navigation system. A TACAN beacon allows for an aircraft to determine its bearing and range from it, and using this information can navigate. TACAN's may be ground-based or be broadcasted by an airplane. TACAN channels have two bands, X and Y, and range from 1-126. 2 TACAN channels may be set present in the aircraft by both the Pilot and RIO for simultaneous use.<br />
<br />
The TACAN setting knobs give a range of these options:<br />
*'''T/R:''' Transmit and receive. Gets bearing and range from the TACAN.<br />
*'''RCV:''' Receive. Gets bearing from the TACAN.<br />
*'''A/A:''' Air-to-air TACAN mode.<br />
*'''X:''' Tunes the selected frequency on the X band.<br />
*'''Y:''' Tunes the selected frequency on the Y band.<br />
<br />
==ICLS==<br />
For night and low visibility operations, aircraft carriers have an Instrument Carrier Landing System (ICLS) to allow for instrument approaches to the carrier. ICLS provides horizontal and vertical guidance. The F-14 is equipped with ICLS.<br />
<br />
To activate the airplane's ICLS antenna, an ICLS dial is present to the right of the warning lights advisory panel, with an ARA on/off switch, used to toggle power to the system.<br />
<br />
When ILS is selected on the HSI, two bars, one horizontal and one vertical, appear near the velocity vector on the HUD. These indicate a vertical and horizontal deviation from the optimal glideslope (3°) and course to the deck. When they are both aligned with the velocity vector (making a "+"), the aircraft is on course.<br />
<br />
==ACLS==<br />
For CAT III conditions and poor visibility, the F-14 is equipped with the Automatic Carrier Landing System (ACLS) to allow an automatic flight to the carrier via. a radio-guided input from a Landing Signal Officer. (LSO) The auto-throttle and autopilot systems must be engaged and present during the time of activation with this system, along with lights given to the left of the VDI display.<br />
<br />
Datalink is required between the aircraft and the carrier in order for ACLS to work. When the best position of the azimuth and glideslope bars are within parameters, the nosewheel steering button is pressed in order to engage guidance.<br />
<br />
==Navigation Failures==<br />
The F-14B has a variety of navigation failures that may/can occur, including methods to fix them.<br />
<br />
===Navigation Fix Update===<br />
An error of latitude or longitude in the computer position of the aircraft can be corrected by a navigation fix update. Updating is especially important in the backup modes (AHRS AM and IMU/ AM) because of the estimated winds and magnetic variation changes. A nav fix is done via a ground-reference-point (latitude and longitude) position. The range and bearing of this position to the present aircraft position are used to update or correct existing values. The nav system may be updated by either a radar fix, a TACAN fix, or a visual fix.<br />
<br />
Before performing a nav fix, the latitude and longitude of the desired update point (radar, TACAN, or visual) must be stored in one of eight navigation point locations (three WPs, FIX PT, HOME BASE, HOST AREA, DEF PT, and IP). This data can be stored prior to flight by data link or by manual insertion. Then follow these steps:<br />
<br />
# Hook the Waypoint you choose to select for the nav fix.<br />
# Check the stored latitude and longitude on the TID.<br />
# Rotate the CATEGORY switch to NAV and select the desired type of update.<br />
<br />
<br />
Note that updating the position while in INS, and to a lesser degree while in IMU, can introduce a greater navigational position error than already present, in particular, if radar fix is used to update the nav system. Updates with a visual or TACAN fix provide reasonable accuracy (assuming a good MAG VAR during TACAN updates). Updating your nav system via a nav fix should be primarily used in the AHRS mode.<br />
<br />
===Radar Fix Update===<br />
An RDR FIX may be selected before or after positioning the DDD cursors. If the RDR FIX button is depressed, the computer computes the present position of the aircraft by measuring the range and bearing from the selected point. The delta between the computer position and the position determined by the INS is then displayed on the TID. If the entry of this delta into the navigation computations is desired, press the FIX ENABLE button. If the delta does not appear to be correct, the computer and the readout can be cleared by pressing the RDR FIX button. The fix may then be attempted again. The RIO should also perform periodic checks of own aircraft system altitude and update the altitude if necessary.<br />
<br />
Radar updating is performed as follows:<br />
<br />
# TID CURSOR/CAP - Hook Desired Navigation Point for Update.<br />
# PULSE SRCH button - Depress.<br />
# On sensor control panel: STAB switch - IN. EL BARS switch - 1. AZ SCAN switch - As Desired.<br />
# RDR FIX button - Depress.<br />
# DDD CURSOR button - Depress.<br />
# Action switch - Half Action (first detent).<br />
# Cursor is displayed on DDD.<br />
# Manipulate hand control DDD cursor over desired ground map point.<br />
# Action switch - Full Action and Release. (This will cause the DDD cursor to remain at the selected position.<br />
# Observe the delta for LAT and LONG on TID.<br />
# If readouts are unsatisfactory, deselect RDR FIX and repeat steps 4 through 12.<br />
# FIX ENABLE button - Depress.<br />
<br />
===TACAN Update===<br />
To perform a nav fix by TACAN requires that a restored waypoint shares identical LAT and LONG values with the TACAN station that will be used for the fix. Select the TACAN channel for the desired station and verify by listening to the coded identifier tone in the headset.<br />
<br />
Press the TACAN FIX button to update the aircraft position from a TACAN station. The WCS computer then calculates the own aircraft position error based on the range and bearing from the TACAN station. The delta is then entered in the same manner as with a radar fix.<br />
<br />
Perform a TACAN fix following these steps:<br />
<br />
# Select a TACAN channel whose latitude and longitude correspond to an update point.<br />
# Hook desired update point (WAYPT 1, FIX PT, HOME BASE, etc.).<br />
# CATEGORY switch - NAV.<br />
# TACAN FIX button - Depress.<br />
# Observe present position delta readout.<br />
# If delta is unsatisfactory, deselect TACAN FIX and repeat steps 2 through 7.<br />
# FIX ENABLE button - Depress.<br />
<br />
===Visual Update===<br />
To perform a visual fix, fly over a restored waypoint and press the VIS FIX button. Estimate your timing, because the aircraft nose and fuselage can obscure the fixed point during an overflight. It is also difficult to estimate when directly overhead a waypoint if the aircraft altitude is greater than 10.000 feet. The delta for the visual fix is displayed on the TID. Enter the delta by pressing FIX ENABLE.<br />
<br />
To perform a visual fix use the following steps:<br />
<br />
# Hook desired update point (WAY PT, HB, IP, etc.).<br />
# Select NAV category on CAP.<br />
# Overfly the selected restored point and when over the point, depress the VIS FIX button on the cap.<br />
# If the delta is not satisfactory, press VIS FIX again to clear the delta and repeat from step 1.<br />
# If a satisfactory delta is displayed, depress the FIX ENABLE button; this causes the delta correction of own-aircraft position to be inserted into the computer.<br />
<br />
===Datalink Update===<br />
To perform a data link update of the aircraft INS to the TDS frame of reference, the aircraft and TDS must share a prebriefed waypoint, identical in latitude and longitude. Enter this LAT/LONG data into the HOST AREA pseudo target file. The TDS will uplink the common reference point as a data link waypoint. When the aircraft and TDS INS systems agree, the data link waypoint and host area symbols will be superimposed on the TID. If they drift apart, the two pseudo targets on the TID will drift as well.<br />
<br />
To perform an update via data link, use the following steps:<br />
<br />
# Hook data link waypoint corresponding prebriefed reference point.<br />
# Select NAV category on CAP.<br />
# Overfly the hooked data link waypoint. When immediately over the point, press VIS FIX button on CAP.<br />
# Observe delta LAT and LONG on TID.<br />
# If deltas are satisfactory and update is desired, depress FIX ENABLE.<br />
# After a data link update, HOST AREA and data link waypoint should be superimposed on the TID again.<br />
<br />
===Fighter-to-Fighter Navigation Update===<br />
Net aircraft that use fighter-to-fighter data link can update their navigation system in the FF/DL mode. To update LAT/LONG hook the net aircraft symbol of an aircraft that is in close proximity and select F/F NAV UPDATE on the CAP. This will enter the hooked aircraft’s coordinates into the INS as own-aircraft coordinates. To update the nav system on an aircraft that is not close, first obtain a radar STT on that aircraft, hook the STT-ed aircraft on the TID and then press F/F NAV UPDATE on the CAP.<br />
<br />
=Defensive Systems=<br />
----<br />
The F-14B is equipped with various defensive systems: the AN/ALE-39 Countermeasure Dispensing System (CMDS), for the release of chaff and flares, the AN/ALQ-126 Deception ECM (DECM), for jamming enemy radar, and the AN/ALR-67 Radar Warning Reciever (RWR), for detection of enemy radar emitters and missile launches.<br />
<br />
==AN/ALR-67 RWR==<br />
[[File:alr-67.png|thumb|400px]]<br />
The AN/ALR-67 Radar Warning Receiver (RWR) provides the Hornet the ability to detect radars via the radio/microwave radiation they emit.<br />
<br />
===Audio Tones===<br />
Accompanying the RWR are various audio feedback tones:<br />
*'''Single Beep:''' A new ground- or sea-based emitter has been detected.<br />
*'''Double Beep:''' A new airborne emitter has been detected.<br />
*'''Repeating Beep:''' An emitter is tracking.<br />
*'''Faster Repeating Beep:''' An emitter is guiding a missile or is a missile.<br />
<br />
<br />
On the RWR gauge, the RWR knob will control the volume of the RWR tones.<br />
<br />
===Emitter Identifiers===<br />
''This list is, at present, not complete.''<br />
{|class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"<br />
!Type<br />
!RWR ID<br />
|-<br />
|U<br />
|Unknown<br />
|-<br />
|M<br />
|Active radar-homing missile<br />
|-<br />
|S<br />
|Search radar<br />
|-<br />
|3<br />
|SA-3 "Goa"<br />
|-<br />
|6<br />
|SA-6 "Gainful"<br />
|-<br />
|8<br />
|SA-8 "Gecko"<br />
|-<br />
|10<br />
|SA-10 "Grumble"<br />
|-<br />
|11<br />
|SA-11 "Gadfly"<br />
|-<br />
|11<br />
|F-111 Aardvark<br />
|-<br />
|12<br />
|SA-12 "Gladiator"<br />
|-<br />
|13<br />
|SA-13 "Gopher"<br />
|-<br />
|13<br />
|C-130 Hercules<br />
|-<br />
|14<br />
|F-14 Tomcat<br />
|-<br />
|15<br />
|F-15 Eagle<br />
|-<br />
|15 <br />
|SA-15 "Gauntlet"<br />
|-<br />
|16<br />
|F-16 Fighting Falcon<br />
|-<br />
|17<br />
|C-17 Globemaster III<br />
|-<br />
|18<br />
|F/A-18 Hornet<br />
|-<br />
|22<br />
|Tu-22 "Blinder"<br />
|-<br />
|23<br />
|MiG-23 "Flogger"<br />
|-<br />
|24<br />
|Su-24 "Fencer"<br />
|-<br />
|25<br />
|MiG-25 "Foxbat"<br />
|-<br />
|29<br />
|MiG-29 "Fulcrum"<br />
|-<br />
|29<br />
|Su-27 "Flanker"<br />
|-<br />
|29<br />
|Su-33 "Flanker-D"<br />
|-<br />
|30<br />
|Su-30 "Flanker-C"<br />
|-<br />
|31<br />
|MiG-31 "Foxhound"<br />
|-<br />
|34<br />
|Su-34 "Fullback"<br />
|-<br />
|39<br />
|Su-25M "Frogfoot"<br />
|-<br />
|40<br />
|''Spruance''-class destroyer<br />
|-<br />
|48<br />
|''Nimitz''-class carrier<br />
|-<br />
|49<br />
|''Oliver Hazard Perry''-class frigate<br />
|-<br />
|50<br />
|A-50 "Mainstay"<br />
|-<br />
|52<br />
|B-52 Stratofortress<br />
|-<br />
|76<br />
|IL-76 "Candid"<br />
|-<br />
|78<br />
|IL-78 "Midas"<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==AN/ALE-39 CMDS==<br />
[[File:f14 cms.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The AN/ALE-39 is the countermeasures dispensing set installed in the F-14B in this simulation. It controls its own set of launchers located between the engine nozzles on the underside of the so-called beaver-tail. The launchers each have two sections, one containing 10 cartridges and the other 20. They are referred to the left and right dispensers even though the left is really the front one and the right the back one with both being mounted inline on the left side of the tailhook. This is a remnant from the earliest model F-14s carrying the AN/ALE-29.<br />
<br />
This all sums up to a capacity of 60 cartridges in the system with each section necessarily holding one type of cartridges meaning that any combination of cartridges is possible as long as each type’s quantity is a multiple of 10. The system itself has no real knowledge of what is loaded where so incorrectly programming the system can lead to the wrong type of cartridge being ejected.<br />
<br />
===Cockpit Controls===<br />
The system itself can be operated manually from the control panel in the RIO pit or the DLC thumbwheel on the pilot stick when the flaps lever is in the up position. It is also capable of running programmed sequences of ejection which in turn can be initiated manually by the RIO from the control panel or the direction hats mounted on the handhold over the DDD. In addition, the AN/ALR-67 can also initiate the chaff ejection program if set up correctly on the AN/ALE-39 control panel.<br />
<br />
==AN/ALQ-126 DECM==<br />
The AN/ALQ-126 deception jammer is designed to detect radar threats, analyze them, select the optimum countermeasure technique available and apply it. Available techniques for jamming are amongst others, main lobe blanking, inverse con-scan, range-gate pull-off and swept square modes. In DCS this is modeled as a simple noise jammer due to engine limitations but controlled by the DECM logic as to when it’s on or off.<br />
<br />
===Cockpit Controls===<br />
The controls for the AN/ALQ-126 DECM are all located on the right horizontal panel in the RIO pit, the panel as the image above. In addition, there are two indication lights co-located with the RWR threat indicators on the right side of the TID. The mode selector knob controls power and operational mode that the system is in. The modes for the DECM are as follows:<br />
<br />
* '''OFF:''' turns off power to the system. STBY begins pre-warming of the system, taking in all-around 5 minutes.<br />
* '''TEST HOLD 3 SEC:''' is used to prepare the system for BIT, after 3 seconds in this mode, turn the knob to TEST - ACT.<br />
* '''TEST ACT:''' starts the BIT in the system. The BIT takes approximately 30 seconds and the RCV light will be illuminated the whole time while the XMIT light will flash twice. If the STANDBY light illuminates it indicates that a no-go condition exists in the system.<br />
* '''REC:''' enables the system to receive the only mode, enabling analyzation of threats and also the threat audio.<br />
* '''RPT:''' enables full system functionality, in addition to REC it also now tries to jam threats according to the selected method.<br />
<br />
=Television Camera Set=<br />
----<br />
[[File:tcs_symbology.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The F-14B is outfitted with the ALQ-100 Television Camera Set (TCS) pod, used for visually identifying aircraft during the time of which IFF was not a trusted/more inferior method to confirming hostile aircraft and to keep track of their position, as well as their living status.<br />
<br />
==Symbology==<br />
On the TID, in non-TV mode, a TCS track is indicated by a 1.5” strobe at TCS LOS azimuth with a hollow circle at the end.<br />
<br />
The symbology on the video feed from the TCS has indicators for the FOV and two crosshairs indicating TCS LOS relative own aircraft, GACH, and AN/AWG-9 radar LOS relative TCS LOS, RACH. Additionally, the track window is indicated by 4 small squares representing each corner of that window.<br />
<br />
The gimbal angle crosshairs or GACH, which is a solid cross, indicate deflection of the TCS LOS from the aircraft datum line, ADL. GACH crosshair in the center indicates TCS LOS along ADL and deflection towards the edges indicate deflection towards the gimbal limits with the video edges being maximum deflection.<br />
<br />
RACH or radar angle crosshairs, a dashed crosshair, indicate radar antenna LOS when inside the current TCS FOV. When the sensors slave to one another RACH and GACH will coincide creating a single solid crosshair.<br />
<br />
The track window indicates the area that the TCS contrast tracker is currently locked on to if it has acquired a target. When not in an active track these squares collapse into the center of the display being 2% of the screen width when in manual mode and 5% when in an auto mode.<br />
<br />
=LANTIRN Targeting Pod=<br />
----<br />
[[File:flir.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The F-14B can carry the AN/AAQ-14 Low Altitude Navigation and Targeting Infrared For Night (LANTIRN) targeting pod. This pod consists of a Forward-Looking Infrared (FLIR) camera (which also includes a digital charged coupled device camera) for target locating and observing, a Laser Target Designator/Ranger for firing a laser that both designates targets for laser-homing weapons and gathers ranging information for designating whatever the FLIR is pointed at as an air-to-ground, and a Laser Spot Tracker (LST) which can search for and track a laser, allowing for the FLIR to be cued onto an offboard (ground or air-designated) laser from another unit and then designate a Target off said point; this allows for most effective buddy-lasing. The targeting pod can be used in both air-to-ground and air-to-air functions, but the LTD/R and LST are only used for A/G operation.<br />
<br />
==Symbology==<br />
The following areas on the LANTIRN are to represent:<br />
# '''A/C Position Data:''' Displays aircraft LAT/LON, altitude, and groundspeed information.<br />
# '''LANTIRN Polarity:''' Displays white or hot background. AGC is for automatic gain control, MGC is for manual gain control.<br />
# '''LANTIRN Information:''' Gives general information on the pod. SR is for slant range, AZ/EL for azimuth/elevation of sight, and rest is UTC time.<br />
# '''LANTIRN Track Mode:''' Displays the current tracking mode. A/A is for air-to-air, A/G is for air-to-ground. Right side is for current selected weapon.<br />
# '''Track Data:''' Displays information of LAT/LON and altitude of where the sight is at.<br />
# '''Track:''' Displays the hairs for point and area track, and what the sight is directly pointed at.<br />
# '''Launch Envelopes:''' The top tape is for the heading relative of the aircraft to the track. The right side tape is for the release point.<br />
<br />
=TARPS Pod=<br />
----<br />
Not yet implemented.<br />
<br />
=Air-to-Air Radar=<br />
----<br />
==Detail Data Display==<br />
[[File:f14 ddd.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
Among the 3 digital displays, the Detail Data Display gives the RIO information about contacts from the AWG-9 radar in terms of range and radar mode, with respect to the notch filter.<br />
<br />
===Notch Filter===<br />
The AWG-9 radar in the F-14B Tomcat has a notch filter when using the pulse-doppler radar modes under certain conditions. These conditions include, but are not limited to:<br />
<br />
* ~100 knot difference of the aircraft relative to contact<br />
* Contact flying 90 degrees perpendicular CW/CCW to aircraft<br />
* Masking with ground terrain scan return<br />
<br />
<br />
There is a rough line shown in the radar modes, likewise of the jamming lobe, for when considering the notch filter that the contact will disappear from.<br />
<br />
==Tactical Information Display==<br />
[[File:f14 tid.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The Tactical Information Display (TID) gives the RIO of the F-14B the main information on the AWG-9 radar, including situational awareness, range, altitude, and contact heading.<br />
<br />
===Display Modes===<br />
The TID comes with a total of 8 display modes available, that can be toggled either on or off for purposes of gathering more information or decluttering:<br />
<br />
* '''RID DISABLE:''' ? needs more info. Not yet implemented.<br />
* '''ALT NUM:''' Displays the altitude of contact with a singular digit rounded to the nearest thousand.<br />
* '''SYM ELEM:''' Displays the symbology of contacts corresponding to HAFU.<br />
* '''DATA LINK:''' Displays contacts from the datalink frequency.<br />
* '''JAM STROBE:''' Displays the jamming strobes. Not yet implemented.<br />
* '''NON-ATTK:''' Displays determined (manual IFF or datalink) HAFU of friendly contacts.<br />
* '''VEL VECTOR:''' Displays the velocity vectors of contacts.<br />
* '''LAUNCH ZONE:''' Displays contact approximate missile launch zones.<br />
<br />
==AN/AWG-9 Radar==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat is equipped with the AN/AWG-9 all-weather and pulse-doppler radar. It is a very long-range radar used for the main purpose of intercept.<br />
<br />
===Radar Modes===<br />
The AWG-9 in the F-14B comes with 2 types of radar modes: doppler and pulse-doppler search. Of those two, subsets are able to be observed as 5 in this list:<br />
<br />
* '''PD SRCH:''' Pulse-Doppler Search mode. No bias factor of the radar, but impedes to pulse-doppler methods.<br />
* '''PD STT:''' Pulse-Doppler Single Target Track mode. By default upon acquiring a lock with the AWG-9, the radar will move to this function mode. It is currently suspectable to the notch filter.<br />
* '''RWS:''' Range While Search mode. The radar will prioritize the range of targets but not other factors. Falls under pulse-doppler.<br />
* '''TWS MAN:''' Track While Scan - Manual mode. The radar will prioritize the situational awareness of other targets but not give information on every target. The radar will also prioritize targets by threat importance.<br />
* '''TWS AUTO:''' Track While Scan - Auto mode. The radar will perform the same as TWS Man, but the elevation and azimuth controls will be automated in the process for an optimal scan.<br />
* '''PULSE SRCH:''' Pulse Search mode. No bias factor of the radar and can not be impeded to the notch filter, unlike the pulse-doppler method. The radar will, however, output a return of everything that is scanned and requires tuning.<br />
* '''PULSE STT:''' Pulse Single Target Track mode. Performing similarly to Pulse Search mode, this function mode applies to only a single target and is not suspectable to the notch filter.<br />
<br />
====Pulse-Doppler Search Mode====<br />
[[File:f14 pulsedoppler.png|thumb|350px]]<br />
The pulse-doppler search mode is used mainly as a kind of early warning mode. It is the search mode with the greatest detection range but it can display no range to the RIO, only closure rate. For this reason, the TID can display no track information.<br />
<br />
====Pulse-Doppler STT Mode====<br />
[[File:f14 pdstt.png|thumb|350px]]<br />
The pulse-doppler STT works and looks much like the pulse STT mode. It does, however, have the same advantages and disadvantages compared to pulse STT as the other pulse-doppler modes compared to the pulse modes. This means that while much better at tracking a target close to the ground it is however vulnerable to notching.<br />
<br />
The DDD display for pulse-doppler STT looks like pulse STT display except that the target return and antenna azimuth display are moved to the left side of the screen and a generated synthetic target marker is displayed at the correct azimuth instead. This is so that the targets range can be displayed by the synthetic target, unlike the other pulse-doppler modes which only shows closure rate. The other symbology on the DDD in this mode are the same as in pulse STT.<br />
<br />
====Range While Search Mode====<br />
In range while search, a frequency measuring ranging mode is added (FM ranging) to allow the radar to measure the range of tracked targets in addition to closure rate. This additional processing does, however, mean that the effective range of the radar is somewhat lesser. The display on the DDD is the same as in pulse-doppler search, the TID however also shows tracks in this mode showing the targets as tracks momentarily as they’re scanned and displaying their position and altitude. <br />
<br />
The targets are shown for a maximum of two seconds or until the antenna again scans the same bar at the same azimuth at which time it is removed unless detected again. The maximum number of concurrently shown tracks are 48.<br />
<br />
====TWS Manual Mode====<br />
The track, while scan mode uses the same FM ranging as RWS with the same reduction in range compared to pulse-doppler search and the DDD display, is also the same. The main difference that the computer establishes track files and tracks up to 24 targets concurrently of which 18 can be shown on the TID at any given time.<br />
<br />
As the computer routine calculating these tracks need a set track refresh time of 2 seconds this limits available azimuth scan area and bar settings to either 20° 4 bars or 40° 2 bars. When entering TWS the computer automatically selects the ±20° 4 bar scan disregarding the RIO set scan volumes unless those are set to ±40° 2 bars in which case that is used instead.<br />
<br />
The TWS mode is also the only mode enabling guidance of the AIM-54 at multiple targets (up to six), and as soon as engageable targets are detected the computer starts assigning them a missile priority number according to optimal missile firing sequence.<br />
<br />
====TWS Auto Mode====<br />
Performing similarly to TWS Man mode, what differs between the two is that in TWS auto the computer takes control of used scan volume and scan pattern azimuth and elevation as soon as target tracks are present. The WCS computer automatically tries to optimize the scan volume and direction so that tracking of the prioritized targets is maximized. If not selected before launch the WCS overrides as soon as the first AIM-54 is launched and selects TWS Auto.<br />
<br />
====Pulse Search Mode====<br />
[[File:f14 pulse.png|thumb|350px]]<br />
Pulse search is used to search for and find airborne targets at range. It is possible to use this radar mode as a basic ground mapper as well which can be useful for navigation and navigational fixes and can also be used in a pinch to detect larger surface targets like ships. Keep in mind though that the radar is not built with this as its main function and that a real air-to-ground radar will outperform it handily.<br />
<br />
In this mode, the radar cannot by itself differentiate targets and generate tracks meaning that the WCS will not generate track files and display anything on the TID. This also means that pulse search is not capable of guiding missiles.<br />
<br />
====Pulse STT Mode====<br />
[[File:f14 pstt.png|thumb|350px]]<br />
Pulse STT is used to track a single target, like pulse search mode it is not susceptible to notching but it is to ground clutter. The fact that the STT modes use gates to track the target, in this case, range gates, means that it is less susceptible to ground clutter but a target close enough to the ground that the ground return enters the range gates would be likely to shake the lock.<br />
<br />
As it is only in the pulse-doppler modes that the missile guidance commands can be sent pulse STT is limited to launching AIM-7s in CW mode and AIM-54s in an active launch mode limiting their ranges. At short ranges, ACM ranges, it is possible to use the ASPECT switch to set what aspect of the target to track, this is just to counter different types of countermeasures. As an example, if set to NOSE the radar will be less susceptible to chaff as the radar weights its track towards the targets leading-edge (nose) away from the chaff being launched behind the target.<br />
<br />
A successful track is indicated by the ANT TRK and RDROT indicator lights on the DDD, meaning that the antenna is tracking the target and that the target is within the range gates. If the target is jamming with sufficient strength, negating a range track, the radar will transition to a jam angle track instead, indicated by the JAT indicator light on the DDD illuminating instead of the RDROT. When range tracking is again possible at closer ranges the radar will transition to that instead.<br />
<br />
The DDD in this mode will be similar to the pulse search mode but the antenna will be locked onto the target and not scan. Additionally, the DDD will show the range gates around the target, a closing rate symbol at the right scale and applicable attack symbology if a valid missile is selected.<br />
<br />
===Anti-Jamming Modes===<br />
Not yet implemented.<br />
<br />
===AN/APX-76 IFF Interrogator===<br />
The AN/APX-76 IFF (Identification Friend or Foe) interrogator is integrated into the AN/AWG-9 operation. Then interrogator antenna itself is located on the AN/AWG-9 antenna gimbal platform. An IFF system works by sending out an interrogation pulse and then listening for returns from cooperating transponders. In addition to the unencrypted civilian mode the AN/APX-76 is capable of interrogating in the encrypted military mode 4. This ensures that targets replying to mode 4 interrogations are indeed friendly. The AN/APX-76 can be used both in search radar modes and in STT radar modes. To enable interrogation the IFF switch is depressed on the Detail Data Display Panel which then activates the interrogator for as long as the button is held up to 10 seconds max.<br />
<br />
When enabled IFF received IFF returns are then overlaid on the normal AN/AWG-9 radar returns on the DDD. A friendly target will be indicated with two bars, one above and one below the normal radar return. As the AN/APX-76 is a separate radar, secondary mode, radar apart from the AWG-9 the IFF can sometimes also detect targets not detected by the AWG-9. In this case the IFF return will not have a radar echo inside it. In the search mode this is overlaid over each target replying and in STT over the STT target. Additionally, if the STT target is hooked on the TID the DDD will switch from normal range display to a ±10 NM display to enable display of multiple returns in case of closely grouped targets.<br />
<br />
==HAFU/Datalink==<br />
[[File:HAFU.png|right|80px]]<br />
Hostile, Ambiguous, Friendly or Unknown (HAFU) is a symbology system used by the F/A-18 to represent trackfiles; specifically, to show its status as a friendly or hostile. It is usually what trackfiles are displayed as across the software.<br />
<br />
There are four HAFU symbols:<br />
*'''Triangle:''' Hostile (red when colored)<br />
*'''Thick Staple:''' Ambiguous (yellow when colored)<br />
*'''Half-Circle:''' Friendly (green when colored)<br />
*'''Thin Staple:''' Unknown (yellow when colored)<br />
<br />
<br />
All types except ambiguous can be manually assigned via the [[#SA Format|Situational Awareness]] format. Tracks will also be automatically identified as explained below.<br />
<br />
A hostile HAFU will be assigned whenever:<br />
* A negative IFF response is returned, and<br />
** An NCTR print returns with an aircraft type that is on the hostile coalition; or<br />
** A SURV (surveillance, like an AWACS) source over datalink also marks it hostile; or<br />
** A F/F (fighter-fighter, like another F/A-18) source over datalink also marks it hostile.<br />
<br />
<br />
An ambiguous HAFU will be assigned when the aircraft and a donor have conflicting identifications (friendly and hostile).<br />
<br />
A friendly HAFU will be assigned whenever an IFF interrogation returns as friendly or the track itself is contributed to by the Precise Participant Location and Identification (PPLI) system.<br />
<br />
An unknown HAFU will be assigned by default until it is updated by meeting one of the requirements above.<br />
<br />
=Air-to-Air Weapons=<br />
----<br />
This area will cover over all the different air-to-air weapons brought with the F-14B Tomcat.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Air Gun==<br />
[[File:f14 gun aa.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
''Using Real-Time mode.''<br />
<br />
The F-14 Tomcat is outfitted with the M61A1 Vulcan 6-barreled Gatling cannon, being able to hold up a maximum of 675 rounds internally.<br />
<br />
===Gun Rates===<br />
The cannon offers 2 modes of combat in the F-14B: <br />
<br />
* '''LOW:''' mode which slows down the muzzle rate, used for Air-to-Ground.<br />
* '''HIGH:''' mode which is to be used for Basic Fighter Maneuvering. (BFM)<br />
<br />
===Gun Modes===<br />
The cannon for Air-to-Air mode is able to be placed into 2 following positions:<br />
<br />
* '''Manual:''' this mode is able to be selected by depressing the CAGE/SEAM button, which will then only display the pipper and ammo count.<br />
* '''Real-Time:''' this mode is the regular, default mode. Along with a radar lock, the pipper will calculate to be accurate when directed to the diamond contact box. This will also give a closure rate towards the contact and the range relative to the aircraft.<br />
<br />
===Symbology===<br />
<br />
The symbology for the cannon is displayed on the HUD with the weapon master selector in the GUN position, and display in A/A. By default, the gun rounds indicator will be displayed as 0 for rounds per 100. Located next to the display panel to the right is the gun ammo counter. Additionally, the gunsight elevation is also able to be adjusted underneath the steer commands on the display panel.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Air Missiles==<br />
===Missile Preparation===<br />
Missile preparation in the F-14B Tomcat is started by moving the master arm switch on the ACM panel underneath the HUD to ON. This is then followed by pressing the MSL PREP and SW COOL buttons to be ON, depending on the armament type.<br />
<br />
===AIM-54 Phoenix===<br />
The AIM-54 is a long-range, semi-active radar missile for Air-to-Air use. The F-14 was the only aircraft to carry it in service and was used to take down Soviet bombers. However, it is able to be used on fighters as well. The AIM-54 comes with a proximity fuse and missile gate suite for non-direct contact explosions and radar tracking methods. <br />
<br />
Upon the launch of the missile, active input from the AN/AWG-9 radar is used to guide itself towards the contact. When reaching pitbull range (~20 nmi.) the missile will then use the radar in itself and steer until impact. <br />
<br />
The time until impact will be calculated during the whole flight of the missile after the launch sequence on the TID as a seconds counter next to the contact.<br />
<br />
====Missile Variants====<br />
The AIM-54 for the F-14 in DCS is not only just 1 variant but 2 provided for the aircraft:<br />
<br />
* '''AIM-54A Mk.60:''' The A variant Mk.60 is a specific version of the AIM-54 Phoenix which utilizes burn time and speed over agility and smoke. The Mk.60 is able to be fired from at most ~100 nmi. under optimal conditions, factoring altitude, kinetic airspeed, contact airspeed, and altitude. The recommended firing distance of the variant, however, is ~45 nmi.<br />
* '''AIM-54C Mk.47:''' The C variant Mk.47 is a later upgrade to the missile that utilizes agility and smoke over burn time and speed. While the C variant provides a no-smoke solution, it lacks the favoring of speed and distance. Under optimal conditions similar to the A, this missile variant is best at ~60 nmi. The recommended distance to contact for firing is ~30 nmi.<br />
<br />
====Launch Modes====<br />
The main seeker in the AIM-54 is able to be fired through 3 launch modes in according:<br />
<br />
# '''Semi-active Radar Homing (SARH):''' In the first stage of the AIM-54 engagement, the missile is guided semi-actively by the AN/AWG-9 radar using both guidance commands transmitted via the radar and radar energy reflected off the target. Then when the missile is within range of its seeker’s ARH mode the AN/AWG-9 commands the missile to switch to ARH. In pulse doppler STT the AIM-54 uses SARH all the way to the target receiving guidance commands at a greater rate than in TWS and also continuous spotlighting of the target because of the STT mode being used. This increases the effective range of the AIM-54 seeker slightly.<br />
# '''Active Radar Homing (ARH):''' This tells the WCS to immediately command the AIM-54 to go active in the first guidance command after launch. If launched at a target within 6 NM if in the targets rear hemisphere or 10 NM miles if in its forward hemisphere the WCS will also automatically command this mode instead of a SARH mode. If the target is not detected actively by the seeker it will still fall back to SARH until the seeker can acquire on its own like in the two SARH modes.<br />
# '''ACM Active:''' The missile is commanded active before launch making this the only mode where the missile is truly fire and forget. The AIM-54 missile receives the active message before launching from the WCS in addition to a command prepositioning the seeker-head to have it look at the current WCS track if available.<br />
<br />
<br />
Additionally, the AIM-54 has an unofficial method of launching the missile:<br />
<br />
* '''Mad-dogging:''' A method that uses the aircraft relative to their contact altitude and airspeed and firing the AIM-54 in the direction, which will force it to become semi-active within the pitbull range.<br />
<br />
====HUD Symbology====<br />
[[File:f14 aim54 hud.png|thumb|400px]]<br />
The pilot will receive standard symbology of the AIM-54 missile selected when the display is in A/A mode. Similar to the GUNS format, displayed on the HUD will be the weapon type denoted in 2 letters, and the number of missiles. Additionally, any more advanced symbology will occur by lock, which is required at first to fire the missile without "mad-dogging."<br />
<br />
====VDI Symbology====<br />
[[File:f14 aim54 vdi.png|thumb|400px]]<br />
The pilot will also receive additional symbology on the VDI whenever a radar lock occurs with the AIM-54 selected.<br />
<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
===AIM-7 Sparrow===<br />
The AIM-7 Sparrow is an active-radar guided missile for Air-to-Air employment. This missile requires an active radar lock to a contact in order to guide itself for impact. The benefit of this missile is that it is able to lose trackoing guidance if the aircraft breaks the lock on a friendly contact, as well as being able to be used in a mixed scenario.<br />
<br />
The maximum range of the Sparrow under optimal conditions as the Phoenix is ~25 nmi. The recommended distance, however, is roughly ~10 nmi.<br />
<br />
===AIM-9 Sidewinder===<br />
The AIM-9 Sidewinder is an IR-guided missile that self tracks based off of thermal energy (heat) of an aircraft. This missile should be used for close quarters range, where agility and speed are a high priority. The benefit of this missile is how quickly it can turn onto a contact. However, a con to this can be "sun-aiming," where the missile follows a contact that flies directly to the sun and immediately flanks out of the sensor sight of the Sidewinder.<br />
<br />
The maximum range on this missile is ~10 nmi., but recommended range is within ~5 nmi. under optimal conditions.<br />
<br />
=Air-to-Ground Weapons=<br />
----<br />
The F-14B Tomcat comes with a variety of air-to-ground weapons after the upgrade to the Bombcat.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Ground Gun==<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Ground Bombs==<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
===Mk-20/81/82/83/84 GPB===<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
===GBU-12/14/16 LGB===<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
===BDU-33 Training Bomb===<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
===ADM-141 TALD===<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Ground Rockets==<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
=Resources=<br />
----<br />
==Manuals & Documents==<br />
* [https://info.publicintelligence.net/F14AAP-1B.pdf F-14B NATOPS Pocket Checklist]<br />
* [http://www.heatblur.se/F-14Manual/ Heatblur F-14 Manual]<br />
<br />
==Heatblur's Videos==<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q1o7E9pb95Y Episode 1: Overview]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OO3IdQjAdDA Episode 2: Pilot's Cockpit Walkaround]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ws1GxPG2ZXw Episode 3: Cold And Dark (Full Startup)]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kgpGO7fj4oU Episode 4: The RIO's Office]<br />
<br />
==Jabbers' Tutorial Videos==<br />
(They're good!)<br />
<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2qwlJs__iYk Pilot - Startup/Taxi/Takeoff with JESTER AI]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b5opjCygZug Pilot - Maneuvering and Flight Characteristics]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f4y2oZ-7rM8 Pilot - Air-to-Air Refueling]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ujk4hL_EnUc Pilot - ACM - Radar Acquisition Modes]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wftck0C3fJ8 Pilot - Weapons - Zuni Rockets with JESTER AI]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4m-Q02gxFEA Pilot - Weapons - AIM-9 Sidewinder]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SWeHtpJ00JI RIO - Startup]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r4-Dd4ss2Rc RIO - AWG-9 Radar]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YG7sWweg2RQ RIO - IFF Interrogation]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2q-bHFyTEr8 Overview - AIM-54C Mk.47 Phoenix - Tacview Debrief]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PyAQpqVhtBY Overview - AIM-54A Mk.60 Phoenix - Tacview Debrief]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4groy-_Bxfk Quick Tips - AIM-54 Phoenix]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Is3AtOX-abw Quick Tips - Bombing]</div>Siriushttps://wiki.hoggitworld.com/index.php?title=F-14A/B&diff=10609F-14A/B2019-09-07T04:28:13Z<p>Sirius: </p>
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<br />
'''NOTE:''' This guide is currently under a work-in-progress (WIP) state. If you have any information pertaining to the topics or feedback, please relay them over to Sirius#0002 on Discord, or in the Hoggit Discord #wiki-discussion channel. Thanks!<br />
<br />
The Grumman '''F-14A/B''' Tomcat is a two-seat, twin-engine supersonic variable wing-sweep fighter aircraft. The F-14 was the first US fighter jet with twin tails and was the largest & heaviest US fighter to ever fly from an aircraft carrier. The reason that the F-14 was so incredibly large and heavy was that it carried the large AWG-9 radar and accompanying AIM-54 Phoenix (air-to-air) missiles: this very capable combination allowed the F-14 to make shots of up to 200 nautical miles at the bad guys. Also, being big means you can carry a lot of fuel!<br />
<br />
Of course, the practical range of the AWG-9 is rather more limited, especially if you are shooting at more maneuverable fighter-sized targets, but even at these closer ranges, the AIM-54 Phoenix is still a capable missile that should not be underestimated. The F-14 is also capable of carrying an array of air-to-ground weapons, such as dumb bombs in both high and low drag forms, air-to-ground Zuni rockets and even laser-guided bombs, which can be self-designated using the LANTIRN targeting pod on the F-14.<br />
<br />
Most people will recognize and adore the F-14 because of its stardom presence in that one weird volleyball movie from the '80s. Its on-screen presence in movies will make the F-14 to appear docile and easy to fly, but due to lack of a fly-by-wire the F-14 can be a real handful: it being a pilot's aircraft however makes it fun to fly and learn. The analogous nature of the F-14 (comparable to the F-5E II Tigershark) will give you a good knowledge of the airplane over time but requires a bit of a different mindset that the computerized flight of the F/A-18C and the F-15.<br />
<br />
__TOC__<br />
<br />
=Weapons List=<br />
----<br />
==Implemented==<br />
Partially or fully implemented weapons of the F14/A/B Tomcat:<br />
* M61 Vulcan Six-Barreled Gatling Gun<br />
* AIM-7M/F Sparrow<br />
* CAP/AIM-9M Sidewinder<br />
* AIM-54A Phoenix Mk. 60<br />
* AIM-54C Phoenix Mk. 47<br />
* Mk-81, 82, 83, and 84 <br />
* GBU-10, 12, 16, and 24 <br />
* MK-20 Rockeye<br />
* Zuni Rockets<br />
* BDU-33 Practice Bombs<br />
* ADM-141 TALD<br />
* LUU-2 Parachute Flare<br />
* Smokewinder<br />
* LANTIRN Pod<br />
* FPU-1 Fuel Tank<br />
<br />
==Planned==<br />
Weapons not yet implemented into the Tomcat:<br />
* TARPS Pod<br />
<br />
=Hands On Throttle And Stick (HOTAS)=<br />
----<br />
==Throttle==<br />
[[File:throttle.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The throttle of the F-14 Tomcat consists of 2 quadrants, both for the left and right engines. There is an afterburner detent along with a cutoff detent for maximum throttle and shutdown of the engine for each quadrant.<br />
<br />
The throttle has the following controls:<br />
# '''Speed Brake Switch:''' 2-position switch. "EXT" is a momentary and needed input position that extends the speed brake outward depending on the aircraft speed.<br />
# '''Wing Sweep Switch:''' 4-way hat switch. "AUTO" sets the wing to sweep automatically determined by an onboard computer, "BOMB" sets the wing to sweep in an angled position between fully extended and retracted and dependent on speed for the air-to-ground bombing.<br />
# '''PLM Button:''' multifunction button. When the steering command is in A2A mode, this acts as a pilot lock-on tool for the AWG-9 radar. But when used for landing and/or in the LDG steering command mode, this allows for disengagement of the ACLS.<br />
# '''CAGE/SEAM Button:''' multifunction button. When the steering command is in A2A mode, this allows for CAGE/SEAM lock-on of the AIM-9 Sidewinder. But when used for landing and/or in the LDG steering command mode, this allows for disengagement of the APC.<br />
# '''Exterior Light Switch:''' 2-position switch. Used to toggle the exterior lights of the aircraft.<br />
# '''ICS PTT Switch:''' 2-position switch. Acts as a push-to-talk system for the ICS system inside of the aircraft used between the Pilot and RIO. (or JESTER AI)<br />
<br />
==Control Stick==<br />
[[File:stick.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The control stick is located in the center of the cockpit, mounted onto the floor. Left and right movements of the control stick direct hydraulic movement to the spoilers and horizontal stabilizers of the aircraft. Forward and backward movement result to respectively the same but to the horizontal stabilizers.<br />
<br />
The control stick has the following controls:<br />
# '''Bomb Release Button:''' single-purpose button. When pressed in A2G steering command mode, all pylons selected with bombs will release respective of the ripple settings, type, and interval.<br />
# '''Trim Hat:''' 4-way hat switch. Upward movement moves the aircraft downward, and downward movement moves the aircraft upward. Both left and right movements follow to their directions according to their name.<br />
# '''Weapon Select Hat:''' 4-way hat switch. Bottom selection is OFF, and a ridge requires a momentary push action to move in/out of to GUN. Following all to the top are SW, then SP/PH which requires a momentary push action to switch between.<br />
# '''DLC & Maneuver Flap Command Wheel:''' scrollable dial. Moving it with the landing gears fully deployed acts as a variable control for spoiler extension. With the landing gears up, the dial also acts the same but for flaps and slats.<br />
# '''DLC Engage/Disengage & CMS Dispense Button:''' multifunction button. When pressed with the landing gears fully deployed, this controls the engagement and disengagement of the DLC system. But with the landing gears fully retracted, this allows for pilot control of the CMS system.<br />
# '''Autopilot Reference & NWS Button:''' multifunction button. When the aircraft is up in the air, this controls specific autopilot settings. But when the aircraft is on the ground, this controls the activation of the nosewheel steering system.<br />
# '''Autopilot Emergency Disengage Paddle:''' multifunction button. Disengages all autopilot modes and DLC and releases all autopilot switches and roll and pitch SAS switches to OFF position.<br />
# '''Weapon Firing Trigger:''' two-stage trigger switch. The first detent enables CTVS and gun camera. Second detent releases selected forwards firing the weapon.<br />
<br />
=Flight Controls & Landing Gear=<br />
----<br />
==Flight Controls==<br />
[[File:Wheels-flaps.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The F-14B has a large hydraulic system which covers for all of the control surfaces of the aircraft. Without the hydraulic system, or taking damage the controls are in risk of improperly working. The F-14 Tomcat was the last of its generation to have no integration of an FBW or FCS system, which was introduced with the F-15 Eagle.<br />
<br />
The F-14's primary flight controls are:<br />
* '''Left Spoilers (LES):''' A set of spoilers that lie within the left wing of the aircraft that help with aileron movement and control that react opposite of the intended direction.<br />
* '''Right Spoilers (RES):''' A set of spoilers that lie within the right wing of the aircraft that help with aileron movement and control that react opposite of the intended direction.<br />
* '''Tailerons (TAIL):''' Two horizontal stabilizers located on the rear end of the aircraft that control both pitch and aileron movement.<br />
* '''Leading Edge Flaps (LEF):''' Normal slats located on the leading (front) edge of the wings to add lift.<br />
* '''Trailing Edge Flaps (TEF):''' Normal flaps located on the trailing (back) edge of the wings to add lift.<br />
<br />
<br />
The control stick controls the stabilators, ailerons, and rudder and the rudder pedals control the rudder.<br />
<br />
===Flaps System===<br />
The aircraft's flap system provides more lift (and as a byproduct, drag). The flaps lever has two positions:<br />
* '''NONE:''' This applies no flap whatsoever to the wings of the aircraft.<br />
* '''FULL:''' This applies full movement of flaps to the wings of the aircraft.<br />
<br />
<br />
The flaps lever allows for variable movement, which gives the pilot the ability to control the amount of flap they wish for.<br />
<br />
===Speed Brake===<br />
The speed brake is a flap located on the end of the aircraft designed to provide drag to decelerate faster. It is activated via the speed brake switch on the throttle. The two positions are:<br />
* '''EXT:''' When the switch is moved aft, this extends the speed brake of the aircraft out depending on the airspeed.<br />
* '''RET:''' When the switch is moved forward, this retracts the speed brake.<br />
<br />
===Trim===<br />
The tailerons are capable of being trimmed to make roll and pitch corrections. This is accomplished with the trim hat on the controls stick. When the autopilot system is engaged, the onboard computer will attempt to make active trim movements in order to keep the aircraft within the specified attitude when set, along of the setting parameters. As speed is either gained or lost, the trim will actively move the stick as well along of the tailerons to adapt.<br />
<br />
===Wing Sweep===<br />
The wings of the aircraft are a variable-sweep design allowing for automatic or manual movements from pilot input on the right throttle quadrant. Similar to wing fold, the wings are able to be overswept from its maximum position through a master reset of the system in order to allow tighter space and closer parking on the carrier deck.<br />
<br />
==Landing Gear==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat has 3 retractable landing gears: the nose gear, the left gear, and the right gear. The gear is moved via the gear lever on the left side of the cockpit. In the up position, the gear will retract. In the down position, the gear will extend. The gear lever cannot be put up with weight on wheels. The gear will not retract with the launch bar extended.<br />
<br />
===Nosewheel Steering===<br />
The nose gear features nosewheel steering (NWS) controlled by the rudder pedals. With the weight off of the wheels, it is disengaged. It automatically engages upon there being the weight on wheels. NWS is disengaged manually via the button on the stick.<br />
<br />
===Launch Bar===<br />
On the front nosegear is a launch bar that attaches the airplane to a catapult from launches from an aircraft carrier. Its deployment is pilot-controlled, but it is connected to the catapult by the ground crew (DCS default binding is U).<br />
<br />
It is controlled via the launch bar switch on the left upper console. When the switch in the RETRACT position, the launch bar will retract, but physically cannot do so when connected to the catapult. The switch will move to the RETRACT position automatically when there is a weight off wheels. In the EXTEND position, the launch bar will extend if there is the weight on wheels.<br />
<br />
=Autopilot and Autothrottle=<br />
----<br />
The F-14 Tomcat has the ability to automate certain types of flight via its Automatic Flight Control System (AFCS) and Automatic Throttle Control (ATC). The AFCS, or simply the autopilot, control the flight surfaces and the ATC controls the throttles.<br />
<br />
==AFCS==<br />
[[File:afcs.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The Automatic Flight Control System (AFCS), or just the "autopilot", controls the aircraft's flight controls to automate maneuvering. It is interfaced on the autopilot panel via the A/P engage switch. On the autopilot panel, there are 7 modes able to be toggled:<br />
# '''Pitch Stabilizer Augmentation:''' 2-position switch. This switch controls the ability for the pitch to be augmented for dampening.<br />
# '''Roll Stabilizer Augmentation:''' 2-position switch. This switch controls the ability for the roll to be augmented for dampening.<br />
# '''Yaw Stabilizer Augmentation:''' 2-position switch. This switch controls the ability for the yaw to be augmented for dampening.<br />
# '''VEC/PCD/ACL Switch:''' 3-position switch. This switch controls the remote control modes of autopilot with the steering bars and ACLS.<br />
# '''ALT Switch:''' 2-position switch.' This switch controls the ability to maintain the current altitude when autopilot is engaged.<br />
# '''HDG/GT Switch:''' 3-position switch. This switch controls the ability to maintain the current heading when autopilot is engaged.<br />
# '''ENGAGE Switch:''' 2-position switch. This switch engages and disengages the autopilot.<br />
<br />
==ATC==<br />
The automatic throttle control (ATC), or just "autothrottle", controls the physical throttles and thereby automated thrust control. ATC is toggled via ATC engage/disengage switch next to the throttle. When the ATC is engaged, the physical means of the throttle quadrants will begin to move on their own. However, whenever the pilot makes any new movement to the throttle whatsoever, the ATC will disengage to allow pilot control over both of the engines. The ATC is primarily used for landing on a carrier along of the ACLS system.<br />
<br />
=Digital Systems Overview=<br />
----<br />
[[File:displays.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
==Pilot==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat comes with 2 digital display screens in the Pilot cockpit:<br />
* '''Vertical Display Indicator (VDI):''' a multifunction display that allows for the pilot to see their HUD in a form of a repeater, and the [[#Television Camera Set|TCS]].<br />
* '''Horizontal Situation Display Indicator (HSD):''' a multifunction display that allows for the pilot to see their virtual compass for navigation modes, and the [[#AWG-9 Pulse-Doppler Radar|AWG-9 Radar]] from the RIO TID as a repeater.<br />
<br />
===Heads Up Display===<br />
The head-up display (HUD) is a projected display at the front of the cockpit that serves as the primary flight instrument. It also provides various indications for weapon delivery; this section will cover the HUD's indications in NAV master mode. Master mode/weapon-specific indications on the HUD will be covered in the relevant section.<br />
<br />
====Reject Modes====<br />
Via the switches next to the TO button on the displays panel, you are able to "declutter" or remove information off of the HUD.<br />
<br />
==Radar Intercept Officer==<br />
The Radar Intercept Officer (RIO) comes with 3 digital display screens in the RIO cockpit:<br />
* '''Detail Data Display (DDD):''' a dual-purpose display that allows for the RIO to see contacts on the [[#AWG-9 Pulse-Doppler Radar|radar]], based on the range and radar mode.<br />
* '''Tactical Information Display (TID):''' a multi-purpose display that allows for the RIO to see their [[#AWG-9 Pulse-Doppler Radar|AWG-9]] situational awareness, [[#Television Camera Set|TCS]], [[#TARPS Pod|TARPS]] and [[#LANTIRN Targeting Pod|LANTIRN]] pods.<br />
* '''Horizontal Situation Display Indicator (HSD):''' a multi-purpose display as to the one in the pilot cockpit.<br />
<br />
==Master Modes==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat has 5 primarily modes for information displayed. The 5 master modes are:<br />
* '''TO:''' switch. Displays takeoff information on HUD and VDI for degrees.<br />
* '''CRUISE:''' single-purpose button. Displays in-air flight information on HUD and VDI for degrees.<br />
* '''A/A:''' single-purpose button. Displays air-to-air information on HUD and VDI for degrees; and weapon employment.<br />
* '''A/G:''' single-purpose button. Displays air-to-ground information on HUD and VDI for degrees; and weapon employment.<br />
* '''LDG:''' single-purpose button. Displays landing information on HUD and VDI for degrees.<br />
<br />
<br />
Additionally, the F-14 Tomcat has an Air Combat Maneuver (ACM) panel which controls all air-to-air and air-to-ground aspects for armament.<br />
<br />
=Navigation=<br />
----<br />
The F-14 Tomcat has an inertial navigation system (INS) that allows the pilot to navigate by internal gyros aligned. However, due to the fault of having no GPS assistance, these gyros slowly drift over time and cause misalignment for visual information.<br />
<br />
==HSD==<br />
[[File:Hsd.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The Horizontal Situation Display Indicator (HSD) is the primary interface with the airplane's navigation systems. The HSI can be accessed from the bottom display screen. The basic function of the HSI is a rotating compass with a looking-from-above perspective. The controls for this screen are:<br />
# '''BRT Control:''' dial. Controls the brightness of the HSD screen.<br />
# '''HDG Control:''' dial. Controls the heading reference in TACAN mode.<br />
# '''CRS Control:''' dial. Controls the course heading reference in MAN and TACAN modes.<br />
# '''Test Button:''' single-purpose button. Resets the HSD screen if overload protection activates.<br />
# '''BIT Indicator:''' light. Shows a white light if a failure produces in the HSD.<br />
<br />
=== Steering Commands ===<br />
The HSD comes with a set of 5 different steering commands, which each have their own purpose towards displaying certain information:<br />
* '''TACAN:''' single-purpose button. Displays information based off of a radio beacon with range and direction.<br />
* '''DEST:''' single-purpose button. Displays information off of a selected waypoint from the RIO with range and direction.<br />
* '''AWL/PCD:''' single-purpose button. Displays information off of an ICLS frequency with azimuth and elevation bars (on VDI and HUD)<br />
* '''VEC:''' single-purpose button. ? (needs more info.)<br />
* '''MAN:''' single-purpose button. Displays information off of an entered heading (HDG Control) with direction.<br />
<br />
==Waypoints==<br />
The F-14B comes with an onboard flight computer system that handles waypoint navigation during in-air flight. The navigation system in the F-14B Tomcat gives a variety of waypoint holders, along with information for a set home plate.<br />
<br />
===Pilot===<br />
For the F-14B pilot, the waypoint information is able to be accessed by the DEST steering command and by using the NAV HSD display mode.<br />
<br />
===Radar Intercept Officer===<br />
For the F-14B Radar Intercept Officer, (RIO) the waypoints must be manually assigned by the RIO through the Computer Address Panel (CAP) system under the TAC DATA category. Once done, the waypoint must be selected through the CAP and entered in with coordinates similar to how INS alignment procedures are done.<br />
<br />
==TACAN==<br />
Tactical Air Navigation (TACAN) is a military radio navigation system. A TACAN beacon allows for an aircraft to determine its bearing and range from it, and using this information can navigate. TACAN's may be ground-based or be broadcasted by an airplane. TACAN channels have two bands, X and Y, and range from 1-126. 2 TACAN channels may be set present in the aircraft by both the Pilot and RIO for simultaneous use.<br />
<br />
The TACAN setting knobs give a range of these options:<br />
*'''T/R:''' Transmit and receive. Gets bearing and range from the TACAN.<br />
*'''RCV:''' Receive. Gets bearing from the TACAN.<br />
*'''A/A:''' Air-to-air TACAN mode.<br />
*'''X:''' Tunes the selected frequency on the X band.<br />
*'''Y:''' Tunes the selected frequency on the Y band.<br />
<br />
==ICLS==<br />
For night and low visibility operations, aircraft carriers have an Instrument Carrier Landing System (ICLS) to allow for instrument approaches to the carrier. ICLS provides horizontal and vertical guidance. The F-14 is equipped with ICLS.<br />
<br />
To activate the airplane's ICLS antenna, an ICLS dial is present to the right of the warning lights advisory panel, with an ARA on/off switch, used to toggle power to the system.<br />
<br />
When ILS is selected on the HSI, two bars, one horizontal and one vertical, appear near the velocity vector on the HUD. These indicate a vertical and horizontal deviation from the optimal glideslope (3°) and course to the deck. When they are both aligned with the velocity vector (making a "+"), the aircraft is on course.<br />
<br />
==ACLS==<br />
For CAT III conditions and poor visibility, the F-14 is equipped with the Automatic Carrier Landing System (ACLS) to allow an automatic flight to the carrier via. a radio-guided input from a Landing Signal Officer. (LSO) The auto-throttle and autopilot systems must be engaged and present during the time of activation with this system, along with lights given to the left of the VDI display.<br />
<br />
Datalink is required between the aircraft and the carrier in order for ACLS to work. When the best position of the azimuth and glideslope bars are within parameters, the nosewheel steering button is pressed in order to engage guidance.<br />
<br />
==Navigation Failures==<br />
The F-14B has a variety of navigation failures that may/can occur, including methods to fix them.<br />
<br />
===Navigation Fix Update===<br />
An error of latitude or longitude in the computer position of the aircraft can be corrected by a navigation fix update. Updating is especially important in the backup modes (AHRS AM and IMU/ AM) because of the estimated winds and magnetic variation changes. A nav fix is done via a ground-reference-point (latitude and longitude) position. The range and bearing of this position to the present aircraft position are used to update or correct existing values. The nav system may be updated by either a radar fix, a TACAN fix, or a visual fix.<br />
<br />
Before performing a nav fix, the latitude and longitude of the desired update point (radar, TACAN, or visual) must be stored in one of eight navigation point locations (three WPs, FIX PT, HOME BASE, HOST AREA, DEF PT, and IP). This data can be stored prior to flight by data link or by manual insertion. Then follow these steps:<br />
<br />
# Hook the Waypoint you choose to select for the nav fix.<br />
# Check the stored latitude and longitude on the TID.<br />
# Rotate the CATEGORY switch to NAV and select the desired type of update.<br />
<br />
<br />
Note that updating the position while in INS, and to a lesser degree while in IMU, can introduce a greater navigational position error than already present, in particular, if radar fix is used to update the nav system. Updates with a visual or TACAN fix provide reasonable accuracy (assuming a good MAG VAR during TACAN updates). Updating your nav system via a nav fix should be primarily used in the AHRS mode.<br />
<br />
===Radar Fix Update===<br />
An RDR FIX may be selected before or after positioning the DDD cursors. If the RDR FIX button is depressed, the computer computes the present position of the aircraft by measuring the range and bearing from the selected point. The delta between the computer position and the position determined by the INS is then displayed on the TID. If the entry of this delta into the navigation computations is desired, press the FIX ENABLE button. If the delta does not appear to be correct, the computer and the readout can be cleared by pressing the RDR FIX button. The fix may then be attempted again. The RIO should also perform periodic checks of own aircraft system altitude and update the altitude if necessary.<br />
<br />
Radar updating is performed as follows:<br />
<br />
# TID CURSOR/CAP - Hook Desired Navigation Point for Update.<br />
# PULSE SRCH button - Depress.<br />
# On sensor control panel: STAB switch - IN. EL BARS switch - 1. AZ SCAN switch - As Desired.<br />
# RDR FIX button - Depress.<br />
# DDD CURSOR button - Depress.<br />
# Action switch - Half Action (first detent).<br />
# Cursor is displayed on DDD.<br />
# Manipulate hand control DDD cursor over desired ground map point.<br />
# Action switch - Full Action and Release. (This will cause the DDD cursor to remain at the selected position.<br />
# Observe the delta for LAT and LONG on TID.<br />
# If readouts are unsatisfactory, deselect RDR FIX and repeat steps 4 through 12.<br />
# FIX ENABLE button - Depress.<br />
<br />
===TACAN Update===<br />
To perform a nav fix by TACAN requires that a restored waypoint shares identical LAT and LONG values with the TACAN station that will be used for the fix. Select the TACAN channel for the desired station and verify by listening to the coded identifier tone in the headset.<br />
<br />
Press the TACAN FIX button to update the aircraft position from a TACAN station. The WCS computer then calculates the own aircraft position error based on the range and bearing from the TACAN station. The delta is then entered in the same manner as with a radar fix.<br />
<br />
Perform a TACAN fix following these steps:<br />
<br />
# Select a TACAN channel whose latitude and longitude correspond to an update point.<br />
# Hook desired update point (WAYPT 1, FIX PT, HOME BASE, etc.).<br />
# CATEGORY switch - NAV.<br />
# TACAN FIX button - Depress.<br />
# Observe present position delta readout.<br />
# If delta is unsatisfactory, deselect TACAN FIX and repeat steps 2 through 7.<br />
# FIX ENABLE button - Depress.<br />
<br />
===Visual Update===<br />
To perform a visual fix, fly over a restored waypoint and press the VIS FIX button. Estimate your timing, because the aircraft nose and fuselage can obscure the fixed point during an overflight. It is also difficult to estimate when directly overhead a waypoint if the aircraft altitude is greater than 10.000 feet. The delta for the visual fix is displayed on the TID. Enter the delta by pressing FIX ENABLE.<br />
<br />
To perform a visual fix use the following steps:<br />
<br />
# Hook desired update point (WAY PT, HB, IP, etc.).<br />
# Select NAV category on CAP.<br />
# Overfly the selected restored point and when over the point, depress the VIS FIX button on the cap.<br />
# If the delta is not satisfactory, press VIS FIX again to clear the delta and repeat from step 1.<br />
# If a satisfactory delta is displayed, depress the FIX ENABLE button; this causes the delta correction of own-aircraft position to be inserted into the computer.<br />
<br />
===Datalink Update===<br />
To perform a data link update of the aircraft INS to the TDS frame of reference, the aircraft and TDS must share a prebriefed waypoint, identical in latitude and longitude. Enter this LAT/LONG data into the HOST AREA pseudo target file. The TDS will uplink the common reference point as a data link waypoint. When the aircraft and TDS INS systems agree, the data link waypoint and host area symbols will be superimposed on the TID. If they drift apart, the two pseudo targets on the TID will drift as well.<br />
<br />
To perform an update via data link, use the following steps:<br />
<br />
# Hook data link waypoint corresponding prebriefed reference point.<br />
# Select NAV category on CAP.<br />
# Overfly the hooked data link waypoint. When immediately over the point, press VIS FIX button on CAP.<br />
# Observe delta LAT and LONG on TID.<br />
# If deltas are satisfactory and update is desired, depress FIX ENABLE.<br />
# After a data link update, HOST AREA and data link waypoint should be superimposed on the TID again.<br />
<br />
===Fighter-to-Fighter Navigation Update===<br />
Net aircraft that use fighter-to-fighter data link can update their navigation system in the FF/DL mode. To update LAT/LONG hook the net aircraft symbol of an aircraft that is in close proximity and select F/F NAV UPDATE on the CAP. This will enter the hooked aircraft’s coordinates into the INS as own-aircraft coordinates. To update the nav system on an aircraft that is not close, first obtain a radar STT on that aircraft, hook the STT-ed aircraft on the TID and then press F/F NAV UPDATE on the CAP.<br />
<br />
=Defensive Systems=<br />
----<br />
The F-14B is equipped with various defensive systems: the AN/ALE-39 Countermeasure Dispensing System (CMDS), for the release of chaff and flares, the AN/ALQ-126 Deception ECM (DECM), for jamming enemy radar, and the AN/ALR-67 Radar Warning Reciever (RWR), for detection of enemy radar emitters and missile launches.<br />
<br />
==AN/ALR-67 RWR==<br />
[[File:alr-67.png|thumb|400px]]<br />
The AN/ALR-67 Radar Warning Receiver (RWR) provides the Hornet the ability to detect radars via the radio/microwave radiation they emit.<br />
<br />
===Audio Tones===<br />
Accompanying the RWR are various audio feedback tones:<br />
*'''Single Beep:''' A new ground- or sea-based emitter has been detected.<br />
*'''Double Beep:''' A new airborne emitter has been detected.<br />
*'''Repeating Beep:''' An emitter is tracking.<br />
*'''Faster Repeating Beep:''' An emitter is guiding a missile or is a missile.<br />
<br />
<br />
On the RWR gauge, the RWR knob will control the volume of the RWR tones.<br />
<br />
===Emitter Identifiers===<br />
''This list is, at present, not complete.''<br />
{|class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"<br />
!Type<br />
!RWR ID<br />
|-<br />
|U<br />
|Unknown<br />
|-<br />
|M<br />
|Active radar-homing missile<br />
|-<br />
|S<br />
|Search radar<br />
|-<br />
|3<br />
|SA-3 "Goa"<br />
|-<br />
|6<br />
|SA-6 "Gainful"<br />
|-<br />
|8<br />
|SA-8 "Gecko"<br />
|-<br />
|10<br />
|SA-10 "Grumble"<br />
|-<br />
|11<br />
|SA-11 "Gadfly"<br />
|-<br />
|11<br />
|F-111 Aardvark<br />
|-<br />
|12<br />
|SA-12 "Gladiator"<br />
|-<br />
|13<br />
|SA-13 "Gopher"<br />
|-<br />
|13<br />
|C-130 Hercules<br />
|-<br />
|14<br />
|F-14 Tomcat<br />
|-<br />
|15<br />
|F-15 Eagle<br />
|-<br />
|15 <br />
|SA-15 "Gauntlet"<br />
|-<br />
|16<br />
|F-16 Fighting Falcon<br />
|-<br />
|17<br />
|C-17 Globemaster III<br />
|-<br />
|18<br />
|F/A-18 Hornet<br />
|-<br />
|22<br />
|Tu-22 "Blinder"<br />
|-<br />
|23<br />
|MiG-23 "Flogger"<br />
|-<br />
|24<br />
|Su-24 "Fencer"<br />
|-<br />
|25<br />
|MiG-25 "Foxbat"<br />
|-<br />
|29<br />
|MiG-29 "Fulcrum"<br />
|-<br />
|29<br />
|Su-27 "Flanker"<br />
|-<br />
|29<br />
|Su-33 "Flanker-D"<br />
|-<br />
|30<br />
|Su-30 "Flanker-C"<br />
|-<br />
|31<br />
|MiG-31 "Foxhound"<br />
|-<br />
|34<br />
|Su-34 "Fullback"<br />
|-<br />
|39<br />
|Su-25M "Frogfoot"<br />
|-<br />
|40<br />
|''Spruance''-class destroyer<br />
|-<br />
|48<br />
|''Nimitz''-class carrier<br />
|-<br />
|49<br />
|''Oliver Hazard Perry''-class frigate<br />
|-<br />
|50<br />
|A-50 "Mainstay"<br />
|-<br />
|52<br />
|B-52 Stratofortress<br />
|-<br />
|76<br />
|IL-76 "Candid"<br />
|-<br />
|78<br />
|IL-78 "Midas"<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==AN/ALE-39 CMDS==<br />
[[File:f14 cms.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The AN/ALE-39 is the countermeasures dispensing set installed in the F-14B in this simulation. It controls its own set of launchers located between the engine nozzles on the underside of the so-called beaver-tail. The launchers each have two sections, one containing 10 cartridges and the other 20. They are referred to the left and right dispensers even though the left is really the front one and the right the back one with both being mounted inline on the left side of the tailhook. This is a remnant from the earliest model F-14s carrying the AN/ALE-29.<br />
<br />
This all sums up to a capacity of 60 cartridges in the system with each section necessarily holding one type of cartridges meaning that any combination of cartridges is possible as long as each type’s quantity is a multiple of 10. The system itself has no real knowledge of what is loaded where so incorrectly programming the system can lead to the wrong type of cartridge being ejected.<br />
<br />
===Cockpit Controls===<br />
The system itself can be operated manually from the control panel in the RIO pit or the DLC thumbwheel on the pilot stick when the flaps lever is in the up position. It is also capable of running programmed sequences of ejection which in turn can be initiated manually by the RIO from the control panel or the direction hats mounted on the handhold over the DDD. In addition, the AN/ALR-67 can also initiate the chaff ejection program if set up correctly on the AN/ALE-39 control panel.<br />
<br />
==AN/ALQ-126 DECM==<br />
The AN/ALQ-126 deception jammer is designed to detect radar threats, analyze them, select the optimum countermeasure technique available and apply it. Available techniques for jamming are amongst others, main lobe blanking, inverse con-scan, range-gate pull-off and swept square modes. In DCS this is modeled as a simple noise jammer due to engine limitations but controlled by the DECM logic as to when it’s on or off.<br />
<br />
===Cockpit Controls===<br />
The controls for the AN/ALQ-126 DECM are all located on the right horizontal panel in the RIO pit, the panel as the image above. In addition, there are two indication lights co-located with the RWR threat indicators on the right side of the TID. The mode selector knob controls power and operational mode that the system is in. The modes for the DECM are as follows:<br />
<br />
* '''OFF:''' turns off power to the system. STBY begins pre-warming of the system, taking in all-around 5 minutes.<br />
* '''TEST HOLD 3 SEC:''' is used to prepare the system for BIT, after 3 seconds in this mode, turn the knob to TEST - ACT.<br />
* '''TEST ACT:''' starts the BIT in the system. The BIT takes approximately 30 seconds and the RCV light will be illuminated the whole time while the XMIT light will flash twice. If the STANDBY light illuminates it indicates that a no-go condition exists in the system.<br />
* '''REC:''' enables the system to receive the only mode, enabling analyzation of threats and also the threat audio.<br />
* '''RPT:''' enables full system functionality, in addition to REC it also now tries to jam threats according to the selected method.<br />
<br />
=Television Camera Set=<br />
----<br />
[[File:tcs_symbology.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The F-14B is outfitted with the ALQ-100 Television Camera Set (TCS) pod, used for visually identifying aircraft during the time of which IFF was not a trusted/more inferior method to confirming hostile aircraft and to keep track of their position, as well as their living status.<br />
<br />
==Symbology==<br />
On the TID, in non-TV mode, a TCS track is indicated by a 1.5” strobe at TCS LOS azimuth with a hollow circle at the end.<br />
<br />
The symbology on the video feed from the TCS has indicators for the FOV and two crosshairs indicating TCS LOS relative own aircraft, GACH, and AN/AWG-9 radar LOS relative TCS LOS, RACH. Additionally, the track window is indicated by 4 small squares representing each corner of that window.<br />
<br />
The gimbal angle crosshairs or GACH, which is a solid cross, indicate deflection of the TCS LOS from the aircraft datum line, ADL. GACH crosshair in the center indicates TCS LOS along ADL and deflection towards the edges indicate deflection towards the gimbal limits with the video edges being maximum deflection.<br />
<br />
RACH or radar angle crosshairs, a dashed crosshair, indicate radar antenna LOS when inside the current TCS FOV. When the sensors slave to one another RACH and GACH will coincide creating a single solid crosshair.<br />
<br />
The track window indicates the area that the TCS contrast tracker is currently locked on to if it has acquired a target. When not in an active track these squares collapse into the center of the display being 2% of the screen width when in manual mode and 5% when in an auto mode.<br />
<br />
=LANTIRN Targeting Pod=<br />
----<br />
[[File:flir.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The F-14B can carry the AN/AAQ-14 Low Altitude Navigation and Targeting Infrared For Night (LANTIRN) targeting pod. This pod consists of a Forward-Looking Infrared (FLIR) camera (which also includes a digital charged coupled device camera) for target locating and observing, a Laser Target Designator/Ranger for firing a laser that both designates targets for laser-homing weapons and gathers ranging information for designating whatever the FLIR is pointed at as an air-to-ground, and a Laser Spot Tracker (LST) which can search for and track a laser, allowing for the FLIR to be cued onto an offboard (ground or air-designated) laser from another unit and then designate a Target off said point; this allows for most effective buddy-lasing. The targeting pod can be used in both air-to-ground and air-to-air functions, but the LTD/R and LST are only used for A/G operation.<br />
<br />
==Symbology==<br />
The following areas on the LANTIRN are to represent:<br />
# '''A/C Position Data:''' Displays aircraft LAT/LON, altitude, and groundspeed information.<br />
# '''LANTIRN Polarity:''' Displays white or hot background. AGC is for automatic gain control, MGC is for manual gain control.<br />
# '''LANTIRN Information:''' Gives general information on the pod. SR is for slant range, AZ/EL for azimuth/elevation of sight, and rest is UTC time.<br />
# '''LANTIRN Track Mode:''' Displays the current tracking mode. A/A is for air-to-air, A/G is for air-to-ground. Right side is for current selected weapon.<br />
# '''Track Data:''' Displays information of LAT/LON and altitude of where the sight is at.<br />
# '''Track:''' Displays the hairs for point and area track, and what the sight is directly pointed at.<br />
# '''Launch Envelopes:''' The top tape is for the heading relative of the aircraft to the track. The right side tape is for the release point.<br />
<br />
=TARPS Pod=<br />
----<br />
Not yet implemented.<br />
<br />
=Air-to-Air Radar=<br />
----<br />
==Detail Data Display==<br />
[[File:f14 ddd.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
Among the 3 digital displays, the Detail Data Display gives the RIO information about contacts from the AWG-9 radar in terms of range and radar mode, with respect to the notch filter.<br />
<br />
===Notch Filter===<br />
The AWG-9 radar in the F-14B Tomcat has a notch filter when using the pulse-doppler radar modes under certain conditions. These conditions include, but are not limited to:<br />
<br />
* ~100 knot difference of the aircraft relative to contact<br />
* Contact flying 90 degrees perpendicular CW/CCW to aircraft<br />
* Masking with ground terrain scan return<br />
<br />
<br />
There is a rough line shown in the radar modes, likewise of the jamming lobe, for when considering the notch filter that the contact will disappear from.<br />
<br />
==Tactical Information Display==<br />
[[File:f14 tid.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The Tactical Information Display (TID) gives the RIO of the F-14B the main information on the AWG-9 radar, including situational awareness, range, altitude, and contact heading.<br />
<br />
===Display Modes===<br />
The TID comes with a total of 8 display modes available, that can be toggled either on or off for purposes of gathering more information or decluttering:<br />
<br />
* '''RID DISABLE:''' ? needs more info. Not yet implemented.<br />
* '''ALT NUM:''' Displays the altitude of contact with a singular digit rounded to the nearest thousand.<br />
* '''SYM ELEM:''' Displays the symbology of contacts corresponding to HAFU.<br />
* '''DATA LINK:''' Displays contacts from the datalink frequency.<br />
* '''JAM STROBE:''' Displays the jamming strobes. Not yet implemented.<br />
* '''NON-ATTK:''' Displays determined (manual IFF or datalink) HAFU of friendly contacts.<br />
* '''VEL VECTOR:''' Displays the velocity vectors of contacts.<br />
* '''LAUNCH ZONE:''' Displays contact approximate missile launch zones.<br />
<br />
==AN/AWG-9 Radar==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat is equipped with the AN/AWG-9 all-weather and pulse-doppler radar. It is a very long-range radar used for the main purpose of intercept.<br />
<br />
===Radar Modes===<br />
The AWG-9 in the F-14B comes with 2 types of radar modes: doppler and pulse-doppler search. Of those two, subsets are able to be observed as 5 in this list:<br />
<br />
* '''PD SRCH:''' Pulse-Doppler Search mode. No bias factor of the radar, but impedes to pulse-doppler methods.<br />
* '''PD STT:''' Pulse-Doppler Single Target Track mode. By default upon acquiring a lock with the AWG-9, the radar will move to this function mode. It is currently suspectable to the notch filter.<br />
* '''RWS:''' Range While Search mode. The radar will prioritize the range of targets but not other factors. Falls under pulse-doppler.<br />
* '''TWS MAN:''' Track While Scan - Manual mode. The radar will prioritize the situational awareness of other targets but not give information on every target. The radar will also prioritize targets by threat importance.<br />
* '''TWS AUTO:''' Track While Scan - Auto mode. The radar will perform the same as TWS Man, but the elevation and azimuth controls will be automated in the process for an optimal scan.<br />
* '''PULSE SRCH:''' Pulse Search mode. No bias factor of the radar and can not be impeded to the notch filter, unlike the pulse-doppler method. The radar will, however, output a return of everything that is scanned and requires tuning.<br />
* '''PULSE STT:''' Pulse Single Target Track mode. Performing similarly to Pulse Search mode, this function mode applies to only a single target and is not suspectable to the notch filter.<br />
<br />
====Pulse-Doppler Search Mode====<br />
[[File:f14 pulsedoppler.png|thumb|350px]]<br />
The pulse-doppler search mode is used mainly as a kind of early warning mode. It is the search mode with the greatest detection range but it can display no range to the RIO, only closure rate. For this reason, the TID can display no track information.<br />
<br />
====Pulse-Doppler STT Mode====<br />
[[File:f14 pdstt.png|thumb|350px]]<br />
The pulse-doppler STT works and looks much like the pulse STT mode. It does, however, have the same advantages and disadvantages compared to pulse STT as the other pulse-doppler modes compared to the pulse modes. This means that while much better at tracking a target close to the ground it is however vulnerable to notching.<br />
<br />
The DDD display for pulse-doppler STT looks like pulse STT display except that the target return and antenna azimuth display are moved to the left side of the screen and a generated synthetic target marker is displayed at the correct azimuth instead. This is so that the targets range can be displayed by the synthetic target, unlike the other pulse-doppler modes which only shows closure rate. The other symbology on the DDD in this mode are the same as in pulse STT.<br />
<br />
====Range While Search Mode====<br />
In range while search, a frequency measuring ranging mode is added (FM ranging) to allow the radar to measure the range of tracked targets in addition to closure rate. This additional processing does, however, mean that the effective range of the radar is somewhat lesser. The display on the DDD is the same as in pulse-doppler search, the TID however also shows tracks in this mode showing the targets as tracks momentarily as they’re scanned and displaying their position and altitude. <br />
<br />
The targets are shown for a maximum of two seconds or until the antenna again scans the same bar at the same azimuth at which time it is removed unless detected again. The maximum number of concurrently shown tracks are 48.<br />
<br />
====TWS Manual Mode====<br />
The track, while scan mode uses the same FM ranging as RWS with the same reduction in range compared to pulse-doppler search and the DDD display, is also the same. The main difference that the computer establishes track files and tracks up to 24 targets concurrently of which 18 can be shown on the TID at any given time.<br />
<br />
As the computer routine calculating these tracks need a set track refresh time of 2 seconds this limits available azimuth scan area and bar settings to either 20° 4 bars or 40° 2 bars. When entering TWS the computer automatically selects the ±20° 4 bar scan disregarding the RIO set scan volumes unless those are set to ±40° 2 bars in which case that is used instead.<br />
<br />
The TWS mode is also the only mode enabling guidance of the AIM-54 at multiple targets (up to six), and as soon as engageable targets are detected the computer starts assigning them a missile priority number according to optimal missile firing sequence.<br />
<br />
====TWS Auto Mode====<br />
Performing similarly to TWS Man mode, what differs between the two is that in TWS auto the computer takes control of used scan volume and scan pattern azimuth and elevation as soon as target tracks are present. The WCS computer automatically tries to optimize the scan volume and direction so that tracking of the prioritized targets is maximized. If not selected before launch the WCS overrides as soon as the first AIM-54 is launched and selects TWS Auto.<br />
<br />
====Pulse Search Mode====<br />
[[File:f14 pulse.png|thumb|350px]]<br />
Pulse search is used to search for and find airborne targets at range. It is possible to use this radar mode as a basic ground mapper as well which can be useful for navigation and navigational fixes and can also be used in a pinch to detect larger surface targets like ships. Keep in mind though that the radar is not built with this as its main function and that a real air-to-ground radar will outperform it handily.<br />
<br />
In this mode, the radar cannot by itself differentiate targets and generate tracks meaning that the WCS will not generate track files and display anything on the TID. This also means that pulse search is not capable of guiding missiles.<br />
<br />
====Pulse STT Mode====<br />
[[File:f14 pstt.png|thumb|350px]]<br />
Pulse STT is used to track a single target, like pulse search mode it is not susceptible to notching but it is to ground clutter. The fact that the STT modes use gates to track the target, in this case, range gates, means that it is less susceptible to ground clutter but a target close enough to the ground that the ground return enters the range gates would be likely to shake the lock.<br />
<br />
As it is only in the pulse-doppler modes that the missile guidance commands can be sent pulse STT is limited to launching AIM-7s in CW mode and AIM-54s in an active launch mode limiting their ranges. At short ranges, ACM ranges, it is possible to use the ASPECT switch to set what aspect of the target to track, this is just to counter different types of countermeasures. As an example, if set to NOSE the radar will be less susceptible to chaff as the radar weights its track towards the targets leading-edge (nose) away from the chaff being launched behind the target.<br />
<br />
A successful track is indicated by the ANT TRK and RDROT indicator lights on the DDD, meaning that the antenna is tracking the target and that the target is within the range gates. If the target is jamming with sufficient strength, negating a range track, the radar will transition to a jam angle track instead, indicated by the JAT indicator light on the DDD illuminating instead of the RDROT. When range tracking is again possible at closer ranges the radar will transition to that instead.<br />
<br />
The DDD in this mode will be similar to the pulse search mode but the antenna will be locked onto the target and not scan. Additionally, the DDD will show the range gates around the target, a closing rate symbol at the right scale and applicable attack symbology if a valid missile is selected.<br />
<br />
===Anti-Jamming Modes===<br />
Not yet implemented.<br />
<br />
===AN/APX-76 IFF Interrogator===<br />
The AN/APX-76 IFF (Identification Friend or Foe) interrogator is integrated into the AN/AWG-9 operation. Then interrogator antenna itself is located on the AN/AWG-9 antenna gimbal platform. An IFF system works by sending out an interrogation pulse and then listening for returns from cooperating transponders. In addition to the unencrypted civilian mode the AN/APX-76 is capable of interrogating in the encrypted military mode 4. This ensures that targets replying to mode 4 interrogations are indeed friendly. The AN/APX-76 can be used both in search radar modes and in STT radar modes. To enable interrogation the IFF switch is depressed on the Detail Data Display Panel which then activates the interrogator for as long as the button is held up to 10 seconds max.<br />
<br />
When enabled IFF received IFF returns are then overlaid on the normal AN/AWG-9 radar returns on the DDD. A friendly target will be indicated with two bars, one above and one below the normal radar return. As the AN/APX-76 is a separate radar, secondary mode, radar apart from the AWG-9 the IFF can sometimes also detect targets not detected by the AWG-9. In this case the IFF return will not have a radar echo inside it. In the search mode this is overlaid over each target replying and in STT over the STT target. Additionally, if the STT target is hooked on the TID the DDD will switch from normal range display to a ±10 NM display to enable display of multiple returns in case of closely grouped targets.<br />
<br />
==HAFU/Datalink==<br />
[[File:HAFU.png|right|80px]]<br />
Hostile, Ambiguous, Friendly or Unknown (HAFU) is a symbology system used by the F/A-18 to represent trackfiles; specifically, to show its status as a friendly or hostile. It is usually what trackfiles are displayed as across the software.<br />
<br />
There are four HAFU symbols:<br />
*'''Triangle:''' Hostile (red when colored)<br />
*'''Thick Staple:''' Ambiguous (yellow when colored)<br />
*'''Half-Circle:''' Friendly (green when colored)<br />
*'''Thin Staple:''' Unknown (yellow when colored)<br />
<br />
<br />
All types except ambiguous can be manually assigned via the [[#SA Format|Situational Awareness]] format. Tracks will also be automatically identified as explained below.<br />
<br />
A hostile HAFU will be assigned whenever:<br />
* A negative IFF response is returned, and<br />
** An NCTR print returns with an aircraft type that is on the hostile coalition; or<br />
** A SURV (surveillance, like an AWACS) source over datalink also marks it hostile; or<br />
** A F/F (fighter-fighter, like another F/A-18) source over datalink also marks it hostile.<br />
<br />
<br />
An ambiguous HAFU will be assigned when the aircraft and a donor have conflicting identifications (friendly and hostile).<br />
<br />
A friendly HAFU will be assigned whenever an IFF interrogation returns as friendly or the track itself is contributed to by the Precise Participant Location and Identification (PPLI) system.<br />
<br />
An unknown HAFU will be assigned by default until it is updated by meeting one of the requirements above.<br />
<br />
=Air-to-Air Weapons=<br />
----<br />
This area will cover over all the different air-to-air weapons brought with the F-14B Tomcat.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Air Gun==<br />
[[File:f14 gun aa.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
''Using Real-Time mode.''<br />
<br />
The F-14 Tomcat is outfitted with the M61A1 Vulcan 6-barreled Gatling cannon, being able to hold up a maximum of 675 rounds internally.<br />
<br />
===Gun Rates===<br />
The cannon offers 2 modes of combat in the F-14B: <br />
<br />
* '''LOW:''' mode which slows down the muzzle rate, used for Air-to-Ground.<br />
* '''HIGH:''' mode which is to be used for Basic Fighter Maneuvering. (BFM)<br />
<br />
===Gun Modes===<br />
The cannon for Air-to-Air mode is able to be placed into 2 following positions:<br />
<br />
* '''Manual:''' this mode is able to be selected by depressing the CAGE/SEAM button, which will then only display the pipper and ammo count.<br />
* '''Real-Time:''' this mode is the regular, default mode. Along with a radar lock, the pipper will calculate to be accurate when directed to the diamond contact box. This will also give a closure rate towards the contact and the range relative to the aircraft.<br />
<br />
===Symbology===<br />
<br />
The symbology for the cannon is displayed on the HUD with the weapon master selector in the GUN position, and display in A/A. By default, the gun rounds indicator will be displayed as 0 for rounds per 100. Located next to the display panel to the right is the gun ammo counter. Additionally, the gunsight elevation is also able to be adjusted underneath the steer commands on the display panel.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Air Missiles==<br />
===Missile Preparation===<br />
Missile preparation in the F-14B Tomcat is started by moving the master arm switch on the ACM panel underneath the HUD to ON. This is then followed by pressing the MSL PREP and SW COOL buttons to be ON, depending on the armament type.<br />
<br />
===AIM-54 Phoenix===<br />
The AIM-54 is a long-range, semi-active radar missile for Air-to-Air use. The F-14 was the only aircraft to carry it in service and was used to take down Soviet bombers. However, it is able to be used on fighters as well. The AIM-54 comes with a proximity fuse and missile gate suite for non-direct contact explosions and radar tracking methods. <br />
<br />
Upon the launch of the missile, active input from the AN/AWG-9 radar is used to guide itself towards the contact. When reaching pitbull range (~20 nmi.) the missile will then use the radar in itself and steer until impact. <br />
<br />
The time until impact will be calculated during the whole flight of the missile after the launch sequence on the TID as a seconds counter next to the contact.<br />
<br />
====Missile Variants====<br />
The AIM-54 for the F-14 in DCS is not only just 1 variant but 2 provided for the aircraft:<br />
<br />
* '''AIM-54A Mk.60:''' The A variant Mk.60 is a specific version of the AIM-54 Phoenix which utilizes burn time and speed over agility and smoke. The Mk.60 is able to be fired from at most ~100 nmi. under optimal conditions, factoring altitude, kinetic airspeed, contact airspeed, and altitude. The recommended firing distance of the variant, however, is ~45 nmi.<br />
* '''AIM-54C Mk.47:''' The C variant Mk.47 is a later upgrade to the missile that utilizes agility and smoke over burn time and speed. While the C variant provides a no-smoke solution, it lacks the favoring of speed and distance. Under optimal conditions similar to the A, this missile variant is best at ~60 nmi. The recommended distance to contact for firing is ~30 nmi.<br />
<br />
====Launch Modes====<br />
The main seeker in the AIM-54 is able to be fired through 3 launch modes in according:<br />
<br />
# '''Semi-active Radar Homing (SARH):''' In the first stage of the AIM-54 engagement, the missile is guided semi-actively by the AN/AWG-9 radar using both guidance commands transmitted via the radar and radar energy reflected off the target. Then when the missile is within range of its seeker’s ARH mode the AN/AWG-9 commands the missile to switch to ARH. In pulse doppler STT the AIM-54 uses SARH all the way to the target receiving guidance commands at a greater rate than in TWS and also continuous spotlighting of the target because of the STT mode being used. This increases the effective range of the AIM-54 seeker slightly.<br />
# '''Active Radar Homing (ARH):''' This tells the WCS to immediately command the AIM-54 to go active in the first guidance command after launch. If launched at a target within 6 NM if in the targets rear hemisphere or 10 NM miles if in its forward hemisphere the WCS will also automatically command this mode instead of a SARH mode. If the target is not detected actively by the seeker it will still fall back to SARH until the seeker can acquire on its own like in the two SARH modes.<br />
# '''ACM Active:''' The missile is commanded active before launch making this the only mode where the missile is truly fire and forget. The AIM-54 missile receives the active message before launching from the WCS in addition to a command prepositioning the seeker-head to have it look at the current WCS track if available.<br />
<br />
<br />
Additionally, the AIM-54 has an unofficial method of launching the missile:<br />
<br />
* '''Mad-dogging:''' A method that uses the aircraft relative to their contact altitude and airspeed and firing the AIM-54 in the direction, which will force it to become semi-active within the pitbull range.<br />
<br />
====HUD Symbology====<br />
[[File:f14 aim54 hud.png|thumb|400px]]<br />
The pilot will receive standard symbology of the AIM-54 missile selected when the display is in A/A mode. Similar to the GUNS format, displayed on the HUD will be the weapon type denoted in 2 letters, and the number of missiles. Additionally, any more advanced symbology will occur by lock, which is required at first to fire the missile without "mad-dogging."<br />
<br />
===AIM-7 Sparrow===<br />
The AIM-7 Sparrow is an active-radar guided missile for Air-to-Air employment. This missile requires an active radar lock to a contact in order to guide itself for impact. The benefit of this missile is that it is able to lose trackoing guidance if the aircraft breaks the lock on a friendly contact, as well as being able to be used in a mixed scenario.<br />
<br />
The maximum range of the Sparrow under optimal conditions as the Phoenix is ~25 nmi. The recommended distance, however, is roughly ~10 nmi.<br />
<br />
===AIM-9 Sidewinder===<br />
The AIM-9 Sidewinder is an IR-guided missile that self tracks based off of thermal energy (heat) of an aircraft. This missile should be used for close quarters range, where agility and speed are a high priority. The benefit of this missile is how quickly it can turn onto a contact. However, a con to this can be "sun-aiming," where the missile follows a contact that flies directly to the sun and immediately flanks out of the sensor sight of the Sidewinder.<br />
<br />
The maximum range on this missile is ~10 nmi., but recommended range is within ~5 nmi. under optimal conditions.<br />
<br />
=Air-to-Ground Weapons=<br />
----<br />
The F-14B Tomcat comes with a variety of air-to-ground weapons after the upgrade to the Bombcat.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Ground Gun==<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Ground Bombs==<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
===Mk-20/81/82/83/84 GPB===<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
===GBU-12/14/16 LGB===<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
===BDU-33 Training Bomb===<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
===ADM-141 TALD===<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Ground Rockets==<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
=Resources=<br />
----<br />
==Manuals & Documents==<br />
* [https://info.publicintelligence.net/F14AAP-1B.pdf F-14B NATOPS Pocket Checklist]<br />
* [http://www.heatblur.se/F-14Manual/ Heatblur F-14 Manual]<br />
<br />
==Heatblur's Videos==<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q1o7E9pb95Y Episode 1: Overview]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OO3IdQjAdDA Episode 2: Pilot's Cockpit Walkaround]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ws1GxPG2ZXw Episode 3: Cold And Dark (Full Startup)]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kgpGO7fj4oU Episode 4: The RIO's Office]<br />
<br />
==Jabbers' Tutorial Videos==<br />
(They're good!)<br />
<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2qwlJs__iYk Pilot - Startup/Taxi/Takeoff with JESTER AI]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b5opjCygZug Pilot - Maneuvering and Flight Characteristics]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f4y2oZ-7rM8 Pilot - Air-to-Air Refueling]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ujk4hL_EnUc Pilot - ACM - Radar Acquisition Modes]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wftck0C3fJ8 Pilot - Weapons - Zuni Rockets with JESTER AI]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4m-Q02gxFEA Pilot - Weapons - AIM-9 Sidewinder]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SWeHtpJ00JI RIO - Startup]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r4-Dd4ss2Rc RIO - AWG-9 Radar]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YG7sWweg2RQ RIO - IFF Interrogation]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2q-bHFyTEr8 Overview - AIM-54C Mk.47 Phoenix - Tacview Debrief]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PyAQpqVhtBY Overview - AIM-54A Mk.60 Phoenix - Tacview Debrief]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4groy-_Bxfk Quick Tips - AIM-54 Phoenix]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Is3AtOX-abw Quick Tips - Bombing]</div>Siriushttps://wiki.hoggitworld.com/index.php?title=F-14A/B&diff=10608F-14A/B2019-09-07T04:21:55Z<p>Sirius: /* Launch Modes */</p>
<hr />
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<br />
''Credits to Jak for having the [[F/A-18C]] page serve as a guide and filler content on related systems.''<br />
<br />
The Grumman '''F-14A/B''' Tomcat is a two-seat, twin-engine supersonic variable wing-sweep fighter aircraft. The F-14 was the first US fighter jet with twin tails and was the largest & heaviest US fighter to ever fly from an aircraft carrier. The reason that the F-14 was so incredibly large and heavy was that it carried the large AWG-9 radar and accompanying AIM-54 Phoenix (air-to-air) missiles: this very capable combination allowed the F-14 to make shots of up to 200 nautical miles at the bad guys. Also, being big means you can carry a lot of fuel!<br />
<br />
Of course, the practical range of the AWG-9 is rather more limited, especially if you are shooting at more maneuverable fighter-sized targets, but even at these closer ranges, the AIM-54 Phoenix is still a capable missile that should not be underestimated. The F-14 is also capable of carrying an array of air-to-ground weapons, such as dumb bombs in both high and low drag forms, air-to-ground Zuni rockets and even laser-guided bombs, which can be self-designated using the LANTIRN targeting pod on the F-14.<br />
<br />
Most people will recognize and adore the F-14 because of its stardom presence in that one weird volleyball movie from the '80s. Its on-screen presence in movies will make the F-14 to appear docile and easy to fly, but due to lack of a fly-by-wire the F-14 can be a real handful: it being a pilot's aircraft however makes it fun to fly and learn. The analogous nature of the F-14 (comparable to the F-5E II Tigershark) will give you a good knowledge of the airplane over time but requires a bit of a different mindset that the computerized flight of the F/A-18C and the F-15.<br />
<br />
__TOC__<br />
<br />
=Weapons List=<br />
----<br />
==Implemented==<br />
Partially or fully implemented weapons of the F14/A/B Tomcat:<br />
* M61 Vulcan Six-Barreled Gatling Gun<br />
* AIM-7M/F Sparrow<br />
* CAP/AIM-9M Sidewinder<br />
* AIM-54A Phoenix Mk. 60<br />
* AIM-54C Phoenix Mk. 47<br />
* Mk-81, 82, 83, and 84 <br />
* GBU-10, 12, 16, and 24 <br />
* MK-20 Rockeye<br />
* Zuni Rockets<br />
* BDU-33 Practice Bombs<br />
* ADM-141 TALD<br />
* LUU-2 Parachute Flare<br />
* Smokewinder<br />
* LANTIRN Pod<br />
* FPU-1 Fuel Tank<br />
<br />
==Planned==<br />
Weapons not yet implemented into the Tomcat:<br />
* TARPS Pod<br />
<br />
=Hands On Throttle And Stick (HOTAS)=<br />
----<br />
==Throttle==<br />
[[File:throttle.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The throttle of the F-14 Tomcat consists of 2 quadrants, both for the left and right engines. There is an afterburner detent along with a cutoff detent for maximum throttle and shutdown of the engine for each quadrant.<br />
<br />
The throttle has the following controls:<br />
# '''Speed Brake Switch:''' 2-position switch. "EXT" is a momentary and needed input position that extends the speed brake outward depending on the aircraft speed.<br />
# '''Wing Sweep Switch:''' 4-way hat switch. "AUTO" sets the wing to sweep automatically determined by an onboard computer, "BOMB" sets the wing to sweep in an angled position between fully extended and retracted and dependent on speed for the air-to-ground bombing.<br />
# '''PLM Button:''' multifunction button. When the steering command is in A2A mode, this acts as a pilot lock-on tool for the AWG-9 radar. But when used for landing and/or in the LDG steering command mode, this allows for disengagement of the ACLS.<br />
# '''CAGE/SEAM Button:''' multifunction button. When the steering command is in A2A mode, this allows for CAGE/SEAM lock-on of the AIM-9 Sidewinder. But when used for landing and/or in the LDG steering command mode, this allows for disengagement of the APC.<br />
# '''Exterior Light Switch:''' 2-position switch. Used to toggle the exterior lights of the aircraft.<br />
# '''ICS PTT Switch:''' 2-position switch. Acts as a push-to-talk system for the ICS system inside of the aircraft used between the Pilot and RIO. (or JESTER AI)<br />
<br />
==Control Stick==<br />
[[File:stick.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The control stick is located in the center of the cockpit, mounted onto the floor. Left and right movements of the control stick direct hydraulic movement to the spoilers and horizontal stabilizers of the aircraft. Forward and backward movement result to respectively the same but to the horizontal stabilizers.<br />
<br />
The control stick has the following controls:<br />
# '''Bomb Release Button:''' single-purpose button. When pressed in A2G steering command mode, all pylons selected with bombs will release respective of the ripple settings, type, and interval.<br />
# '''Trim Hat:''' 4-way hat switch. Upward movement moves the aircraft downward, and downward movement moves the aircraft upward. Both left and right movements follow to their directions according to their name.<br />
# '''Weapon Select Hat:''' 4-way hat switch. Bottom selection is OFF, and a ridge requires a momentary push action to move in/out of to GUN. Following all to the top are SW, then SP/PH which requires a momentary push action to switch between.<br />
# '''DLC & Maneuver Flap Command Wheel:''' scrollable dial. Moving it with the landing gears fully deployed acts as a variable control for spoiler extension. With the landing gears up, the dial also acts the same but for flaps and slats.<br />
# '''DLC Engage/Disengage & CMS Dispense Button:''' multifunction button. When pressed with the landing gears fully deployed, this controls the engagement and disengagement of the DLC system. But with the landing gears fully retracted, this allows for pilot control of the CMS system.<br />
# '''Autopilot Reference & NWS Button:''' multifunction button. When the aircraft is up in the air, this controls specific autopilot settings. But when the aircraft is on the ground, this controls the activation of the nosewheel steering system.<br />
# '''Autopilot Emergency Disengage Paddle:''' multifunction button. Disengages all autopilot modes and DLC and releases all autopilot switches and roll and pitch SAS switches to OFF position.<br />
# '''Weapon Firing Trigger:''' two-stage trigger switch. The first detent enables CTVS and gun camera. Second detent releases selected forwards firing the weapon.<br />
<br />
=Flight Controls & Landing Gear=<br />
----<br />
==Flight Controls==<br />
[[File:Wheels-flaps.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The F-14B has a large hydraulic system which covers for all of the control surfaces of the aircraft. Without the hydraulic system, or taking damage the controls are in risk of improperly working. The F-14 Tomcat was the last of its generation to have no integration of an FBW or FCS system, which was introduced with the F-15 Eagle.<br />
<br />
The F-14's primary flight controls are:<br />
* '''Left Spoilers (LES):''' A set of spoilers that lie within the left wing of the aircraft that help with aileron movement and control that react opposite of the intended direction.<br />
* '''Right Spoilers (RES):''' A set of spoilers that lie within the right wing of the aircraft that help with aileron movement and control that react opposite of the intended direction.<br />
* '''Tailerons (TAIL):''' Two horizontal stabilizers located on the rear end of the aircraft that control both pitch and aileron movement.<br />
* '''Leading Edge Flaps (LEF):''' Normal slats located on the leading (front) edge of the wings to add lift.<br />
* '''Trailing Edge Flaps (TEF):''' Normal flaps located on the trailing (back) edge of the wings to add lift.<br />
<br />
<br />
The control stick controls the stabilators, ailerons, and rudder and the rudder pedals control the rudder.<br />
<br />
===Flaps System===<br />
The aircraft's flap system provides more lift (and as a byproduct, drag). The flaps lever has two positions:<br />
* '''NONE:''' This applies no flap whatsoever to the wings of the aircraft.<br />
* '''FULL:''' This applies full movement of flaps to the wings of the aircraft.<br />
<br />
<br />
The flaps lever allows for variable movement, which gives the pilot the ability to control the amount of flap they wish for.<br />
<br />
===Speed Brake===<br />
The speed brake is a flap located on the end of the aircraft designed to provide drag to decelerate faster. It is activated via the speed brake switch on the throttle. The two positions are:<br />
* '''EXT:''' When the switch is moved aft, this extends the speed brake of the aircraft out depending on the airspeed.<br />
* '''RET:''' When the switch is moved forward, this retracts the speed brake.<br />
<br />
===Trim===<br />
The tailerons are capable of being trimmed to make roll and pitch corrections. This is accomplished with the trim hat on the controls stick. When the autopilot system is engaged, the onboard computer will attempt to make active trim movements in order to keep the aircraft within the specified attitude when set, along of the setting parameters. As speed is either gained or lost, the trim will actively move the stick as well along of the tailerons to adapt.<br />
<br />
===Wing Sweep===<br />
The wings of the aircraft are a variable-sweep design allowing for automatic or manual movements from pilot input on the right throttle quadrant. Similar to wing fold, the wings are able to be overswept from its maximum position through a master reset of the system in order to allow tighter space and closer parking on the carrier deck.<br />
<br />
==Landing Gear==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat has 3 retractable landing gears: the nose gear, the left gear, and the right gear. The gear is moved via the gear lever on the left side of the cockpit. In the up position, the gear will retract. In the down position, the gear will extend. The gear lever cannot be put up with weight on wheels. The gear will not retract with the launch bar extended.<br />
<br />
===Nosewheel Steering===<br />
The nose gear features nosewheel steering (NWS) controlled by the rudder pedals. With the weight off of the wheels, it is disengaged. It automatically engages upon there being the weight on wheels. NWS is disengaged manually via the button on the stick.<br />
<br />
===Launch Bar===<br />
On the front nosegear is a launch bar that attaches the airplane to a catapult from launches from an aircraft carrier. Its deployment is pilot-controlled, but it is connected to the catapult by the ground crew (DCS default binding is U).<br />
<br />
It is controlled via the launch bar switch on the left upper console. When the switch in the RETRACT position, the launch bar will retract, but physically cannot do so when connected to the catapult. The switch will move to the RETRACT position automatically when there is a weight off wheels. In the EXTEND position, the launch bar will extend if there is the weight on wheels.<br />
<br />
=Autopilot and Autothrottle=<br />
----<br />
The F-14 Tomcat has the ability to automate certain types of flight via its Automatic Flight Control System (AFCS) and Automatic Throttle Control (ATC). The AFCS, or simply the autopilot, control the flight surfaces and the ATC controls the throttles.<br />
<br />
==AFCS==<br />
[[File:afcs.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The Automatic Flight Control System (AFCS), or just the "autopilot", controls the aircraft's flight controls to automate maneuvering. It is interfaced on the autopilot panel via the A/P engage switch. On the autopilot panel, there are 7 modes able to be toggled:<br />
# '''Pitch Stabilizer Augmentation:''' 2-position switch. This switch controls the ability for the pitch to be augmented for dampening.<br />
# '''Roll Stabilizer Augmentation:''' 2-position switch. This switch controls the ability for the roll to be augmented for dampening.<br />
# '''Yaw Stabilizer Augmentation:''' 2-position switch. This switch controls the ability for the yaw to be augmented for dampening.<br />
# '''VEC/PCD/ACL Switch:''' 3-position switch. This switch controls the remote control modes of autopilot with the steering bars and ACLS.<br />
# '''ALT Switch:''' 2-position switch.' This switch controls the ability to maintain the current altitude when autopilot is engaged.<br />
# '''HDG/GT Switch:''' 3-position switch. This switch controls the ability to maintain the current heading when autopilot is engaged.<br />
# '''ENGAGE Switch:''' 2-position switch. This switch engages and disengages the autopilot.<br />
<br />
==ATC==<br />
The automatic throttle control (ATC), or just "autothrottle", controls the physical throttles and thereby automated thrust control. ATC is toggled via ATC engage/disengage switch next to the throttle. When the ATC is engaged, the physical means of the throttle quadrants will begin to move on their own. However, whenever the pilot makes any new movement to the throttle whatsoever, the ATC will disengage to allow pilot control over both of the engines. The ATC is primarily used for landing on a carrier along of the ACLS system.<br />
<br />
=Digital Systems Overview=<br />
----<br />
[[File:displays.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
==Pilot==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat comes with 2 digital display screens in the Pilot cockpit:<br />
* '''Vertical Display Indicator (VDI):''' a multifunction display that allows for the pilot to see their HUD in a form of a repeater, and the [[#Television Camera Set|TCS]].<br />
* '''Horizontal Situation Display Indicator (HSD):''' a multifunction display that allows for the pilot to see their virtual compass for navigation modes, and the [[#AWG-9 Pulse-Doppler Radar|AWG-9 Radar]] from the RIO TID as a repeater.<br />
<br />
===Heads Up Display===<br />
The head-up display (HUD) is a projected display at the front of the cockpit that serves as the primary flight instrument. It also provides various indications for weapon delivery; this section will cover the HUD's indications in NAV master mode. Master mode/weapon-specific indications on the HUD will be covered in the relevant section.<br />
<br />
====Reject Modes====<br />
Via the switches next to the TO button on the displays panel, you are able to "declutter" or remove information off of the HUD.<br />
<br />
==Radar Intercept Officer==<br />
The Radar Intercept Officer (RIO) comes with 3 digital display screens in the RIO cockpit:<br />
* '''Detail Data Display (DDD):''' a dual-purpose display that allows for the RIO to see contacts on the [[#AWG-9 Pulse-Doppler Radar|radar]], based on the range and radar mode.<br />
* '''Tactical Information Display (TID):''' a multi-purpose display that allows for the RIO to see their [[#AWG-9 Pulse-Doppler Radar|AWG-9]] situational awareness, [[#Television Camera Set|TCS]], [[#TARPS Pod|TARPS]] and [[#LANTIRN Targeting Pod|LANTIRN]] pods.<br />
* '''Horizontal Situation Display Indicator (HSD):''' a multi-purpose display as to the one in the pilot cockpit.<br />
<br />
==Master Modes==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat has 5 primarily modes for information displayed. The 5 master modes are:<br />
* '''TO:''' switch. Displays takeoff information on HUD and VDI for degrees.<br />
* '''CRUISE:''' single-purpose button. Displays in-air flight information on HUD and VDI for degrees.<br />
* '''A/A:''' single-purpose button. Displays air-to-air information on HUD and VDI for degrees; and weapon employment.<br />
* '''A/G:''' single-purpose button. Displays air-to-ground information on HUD and VDI for degrees; and weapon employment.<br />
* '''LDG:''' single-purpose button. Displays landing information on HUD and VDI for degrees.<br />
<br />
<br />
Additionally, the F-14 Tomcat has an Air Combat Maneuver (ACM) panel which controls all air-to-air and air-to-ground aspects for armament.<br />
<br />
=Navigation=<br />
----<br />
The F-14 Tomcat has an inertial navigation system (INS) that allows the pilot to navigate by internal gyros aligned. However, due to the fault of having no GPS assistance, these gyros slowly drift over time and cause misalignment for visual information.<br />
<br />
==HSD==<br />
[[File:Hsd.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The Horizontal Situation Display Indicator (HSD) is the primary interface with the airplane's navigation systems. The HSI can be accessed from the bottom display screen. The basic function of the HSI is a rotating compass with a looking-from-above perspective. The controls for this screen are:<br />
# '''BRT Control:''' dial. Controls the brightness of the HSD screen.<br />
# '''HDG Control:''' dial. Controls the heading reference in TACAN mode.<br />
# '''CRS Control:''' dial. Controls the course heading reference in MAN and TACAN modes.<br />
# '''Test Button:''' single-purpose button. Resets the HSD screen if overload protection activates.<br />
# '''BIT Indicator:''' light. Shows a white light if a failure produces in the HSD.<br />
<br />
=== Steering Commands ===<br />
The HSD comes with a set of 5 different steering commands, which each have their own purpose towards displaying certain information:<br />
* '''TACAN:''' single-purpose button. Displays information based off of a radio beacon with range and direction.<br />
* '''DEST:''' single-purpose button. Displays information off of a selected waypoint from the RIO with range and direction.<br />
* '''AWL/PCD:''' single-purpose button. Displays information off of an ICLS frequency with azimuth and elevation bars (on VDI and HUD)<br />
* '''VEC:''' single-purpose button. ? (needs more info.)<br />
* '''MAN:''' single-purpose button. Displays information off of an entered heading (HDG Control) with direction.<br />
<br />
==Waypoints==<br />
The F-14B comes with an onboard flight computer system that handles waypoint navigation during in-air flight. The navigation system in the F-14B Tomcat gives a variety of waypoint holders, along with information for a set home plate.<br />
<br />
===Pilot===<br />
For the F-14B pilot, the waypoint information is able to be accessed by the DEST steering command and by using the NAV HSD display mode.<br />
<br />
===Radar Intercept Officer===<br />
For the F-14B Radar Intercept Officer, (RIO) the waypoints must be manually assigned by the RIO through the Computer Address Panel (CAP) system under the TAC DATA category. Once done, the waypoint must be selected through the CAP and entered in with coordinates similar to how INS alignment procedures are done.<br />
<br />
==TACAN==<br />
Tactical Air Navigation (TACAN) is a military radio navigation system. A TACAN beacon allows for an aircraft to determine its bearing and range from it, and using this information can navigate. TACAN's may be ground-based or be broadcasted by an airplane. TACAN channels have two bands, X and Y, and range from 1-126. 2 TACAN channels may be set present in the aircraft by both the Pilot and RIO for simultaneous use.<br />
<br />
The TACAN setting knobs give a range of these options:<br />
*'''T/R:''' Transmit and receive. Gets bearing and range from the TACAN.<br />
*'''RCV:''' Receive. Gets bearing from the TACAN.<br />
*'''A/A:''' Air-to-air TACAN mode.<br />
*'''X:''' Tunes the selected frequency on the X band.<br />
*'''Y:''' Tunes the selected frequency on the Y band.<br />
<br />
==ICLS==<br />
For night and low visibility operations, aircraft carriers have an Instrument Carrier Landing System (ICLS) to allow for instrument approaches to the carrier. ICLS provides horizontal and vertical guidance. The F-14 is equipped with ICLS.<br />
<br />
To activate the airplane's ICLS antenna, an ICLS dial is present to the right of the warning lights advisory panel, with an ARA on/off switch, used to toggle power to the system.<br />
<br />
When ILS is selected on the HSI, two bars, one horizontal and one vertical, appear near the velocity vector on the HUD. These indicate a vertical and horizontal deviation from the optimal glideslope (3°) and course to the deck. When they are both aligned with the velocity vector (making a "+"), the aircraft is on course.<br />
<br />
==ACLS==<br />
For CAT III conditions and poor visibility, the F-14 is equipped with the Automatic Carrier Landing System (ACLS) to allow an automatic flight to the carrier via. a radio-guided input from a Landing Signal Officer. (LSO) The auto-throttle and autopilot systems must be engaged and present during the time of activation with this system, along with lights given to the left of the VDI display.<br />
<br />
Datalink is required between the aircraft and the carrier in order for ACLS to work. When the best position of the azimuth and glideslope bars are within parameters, the nosewheel steering button is pressed in order to engage guidance.<br />
<br />
==Navigation Failures==<br />
The F-14B has a variety of navigation failures that may/can occur, including methods to fix them.<br />
<br />
===Navigation Fix Update===<br />
An error of latitude or longitude in the computer position of the aircraft can be corrected by a navigation fix update. Updating is especially important in the backup modes (AHRS AM and IMU/ AM) because of the estimated winds and magnetic variation changes. A nav fix is done via a ground-reference-point (latitude and longitude) position. The range and bearing of this position to the present aircraft position are used to update or correct existing values. The nav system may be updated by either a radar fix, a TACAN fix, or a visual fix.<br />
<br />
Before performing a nav fix, the latitude and longitude of the desired update point (radar, TACAN, or visual) must be stored in one of eight navigation point locations (three WPs, FIX PT, HOME BASE, HOST AREA, DEF PT, and IP). This data can be stored prior to flight by data link or by manual insertion. Then follow these steps:<br />
<br />
# Hook the Waypoint you choose to select for the nav fix.<br />
# Check the stored latitude and longitude on the TID.<br />
# Rotate the CATEGORY switch to NAV and select the desired type of update.<br />
<br />
<br />
Note that updating the position while in INS, and to a lesser degree while in IMU, can introduce a greater navigational position error than already present, in particular, if radar fix is used to update the nav system. Updates with a visual or TACAN fix provide reasonable accuracy (assuming a good MAG VAR during TACAN updates). Updating your nav system via a nav fix should be primarily used in the AHRS mode.<br />
<br />
===Radar Fix Update===<br />
An RDR FIX may be selected before or after positioning the DDD cursors. If the RDR FIX button is depressed, the computer computes the present position of the aircraft by measuring the range and bearing from the selected point. The delta between the computer position and the position determined by the INS is then displayed on the TID. If the entry of this delta into the navigation computations is desired, press the FIX ENABLE button. If the delta does not appear to be correct, the computer and the readout can be cleared by pressing the RDR FIX button. The fix may then be attempted again. The RIO should also perform periodic checks of own aircraft system altitude and update the altitude if necessary.<br />
<br />
Radar updating is performed as follows:<br />
<br />
# TID CURSOR/CAP - Hook Desired Navigation Point for Update.<br />
# PULSE SRCH button - Depress.<br />
# On sensor control panel: STAB switch - IN. EL BARS switch - 1. AZ SCAN switch - As Desired.<br />
# RDR FIX button - Depress.<br />
# DDD CURSOR button - Depress.<br />
# Action switch - Half Action (first detent).<br />
# Cursor is displayed on DDD.<br />
# Manipulate hand control DDD cursor over desired ground map point.<br />
# Action switch - Full Action and Release. (This will cause the DDD cursor to remain at the selected position.<br />
# Observe the delta for LAT and LONG on TID.<br />
# If readouts are unsatisfactory, deselect RDR FIX and repeat steps 4 through 12.<br />
# FIX ENABLE button - Depress.<br />
<br />
===TACAN Update===<br />
To perform a nav fix by TACAN requires that a restored waypoint shares identical LAT and LONG values with the TACAN station that will be used for the fix. Select the TACAN channel for the desired station and verify by listening to the coded identifier tone in the headset.<br />
<br />
Press the TACAN FIX button to update the aircraft position from a TACAN station. The WCS computer then calculates the own aircraft position error based on the range and bearing from the TACAN station. The delta is then entered in the same manner as with a radar fix.<br />
<br />
Perform a TACAN fix following these steps:<br />
<br />
# Select a TACAN channel whose latitude and longitude correspond to an update point.<br />
# Hook desired update point (WAYPT 1, FIX PT, HOME BASE, etc.).<br />
# CATEGORY switch - NAV.<br />
# TACAN FIX button - Depress.<br />
# Observe present position delta readout.<br />
# If delta is unsatisfactory, deselect TACAN FIX and repeat steps 2 through 7.<br />
# FIX ENABLE button - Depress.<br />
<br />
===Visual Update===<br />
To perform a visual fix, fly over a restored waypoint and press the VIS FIX button. Estimate your timing, because the aircraft nose and fuselage can obscure the fixed point during an overflight. It is also difficult to estimate when directly overhead a waypoint if the aircraft altitude is greater than 10.000 feet. The delta for the visual fix is displayed on the TID. Enter the delta by pressing FIX ENABLE.<br />
<br />
To perform a visual fix use the following steps:<br />
<br />
# Hook desired update point (WAY PT, HB, IP, etc.).<br />
# Select NAV category on CAP.<br />
# Overfly the selected restored point and when over the point, depress the VIS FIX button on the cap.<br />
# If the delta is not satisfactory, press VIS FIX again to clear the delta and repeat from step 1.<br />
# If a satisfactory delta is displayed, depress the FIX ENABLE button; this causes the delta correction of own-aircraft position to be inserted into the computer.<br />
<br />
===Datalink Update===<br />
To perform a data link update of the aircraft INS to the TDS frame of reference, the aircraft and TDS must share a prebriefed waypoint, identical in latitude and longitude. Enter this LAT/LONG data into the HOST AREA pseudo target file. The TDS will uplink the common reference point as a data link waypoint. When the aircraft and TDS INS systems agree, the data link waypoint and host area symbols will be superimposed on the TID. If they drift apart, the two pseudo targets on the TID will drift as well.<br />
<br />
To perform an update via data link, use the following steps:<br />
<br />
# Hook data link waypoint corresponding prebriefed reference point.<br />
# Select NAV category on CAP.<br />
# Overfly the hooked data link waypoint. When immediately over the point, press VIS FIX button on CAP.<br />
# Observe delta LAT and LONG on TID.<br />
# If deltas are satisfactory and update is desired, depress FIX ENABLE.<br />
# After a data link update, HOST AREA and data link waypoint should be superimposed on the TID again.<br />
<br />
===Fighter-to-Fighter Navigation Update===<br />
Net aircraft that use fighter-to-fighter data link can update their navigation system in the FF/DL mode. To update LAT/LONG hook the net aircraft symbol of an aircraft that is in close proximity and select F/F NAV UPDATE on the CAP. This will enter the hooked aircraft’s coordinates into the INS as own-aircraft coordinates. To update the nav system on an aircraft that is not close, first obtain a radar STT on that aircraft, hook the STT-ed aircraft on the TID and then press F/F NAV UPDATE on the CAP.<br />
<br />
=Defensive Systems=<br />
----<br />
The F-14B is equipped with various defensive systems: the AN/ALE-39 Countermeasure Dispensing System (CMDS), for the release of chaff and flares, the AN/ALQ-126 Deception ECM (DECM), for jamming enemy radar, and the AN/ALR-67 Radar Warning Reciever (RWR), for detection of enemy radar emitters and missile launches.<br />
<br />
==AN/ALR-67 RWR==<br />
[[File:alr-67.png|thumb|400px]]<br />
The AN/ALR-67 Radar Warning Receiver (RWR) provides the Hornet the ability to detect radars via the radio/microwave radiation they emit.<br />
<br />
===Audio Tones===<br />
Accompanying the RWR are various audio feedback tones:<br />
*'''Single Beep:''' A new ground- or sea-based emitter has been detected.<br />
*'''Double Beep:''' A new airborne emitter has been detected.<br />
*'''Repeating Beep:''' An emitter is tracking.<br />
*'''Faster Repeating Beep:''' An emitter is guiding a missile or is a missile.<br />
<br />
<br />
On the RWR gauge, the RWR knob will control the volume of the RWR tones.<br />
<br />
===Emitter Identifiers===<br />
''This list is, at present, not complete.''<br />
{|class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"<br />
!Type<br />
!RWR ID<br />
|-<br />
|U<br />
|Unknown<br />
|-<br />
|M<br />
|Active radar-homing missile<br />
|-<br />
|S<br />
|Search radar<br />
|-<br />
|3<br />
|SA-3 "Goa"<br />
|-<br />
|6<br />
|SA-6 "Gainful"<br />
|-<br />
|8<br />
|SA-8 "Gecko"<br />
|-<br />
|10<br />
|SA-10 "Grumble"<br />
|-<br />
|11<br />
|SA-11 "Gadfly"<br />
|-<br />
|11<br />
|F-111 Aardvark<br />
|-<br />
|12<br />
|SA-12 "Gladiator"<br />
|-<br />
|13<br />
|SA-13 "Gopher"<br />
|-<br />
|13<br />
|C-130 Hercules<br />
|-<br />
|14<br />
|F-14 Tomcat<br />
|-<br />
|15<br />
|F-15 Eagle<br />
|-<br />
|15 <br />
|SA-15 "Gauntlet"<br />
|-<br />
|16<br />
|F-16 Fighting Falcon<br />
|-<br />
|17<br />
|C-17 Globemaster III<br />
|-<br />
|18<br />
|F/A-18 Hornet<br />
|-<br />
|22<br />
|Tu-22 "Blinder"<br />
|-<br />
|23<br />
|MiG-23 "Flogger"<br />
|-<br />
|24<br />
|Su-24 "Fencer"<br />
|-<br />
|25<br />
|MiG-25 "Foxbat"<br />
|-<br />
|29<br />
|MiG-29 "Fulcrum"<br />
|-<br />
|29<br />
|Su-27 "Flanker"<br />
|-<br />
|29<br />
|Su-33 "Flanker-D"<br />
|-<br />
|30<br />
|Su-30 "Flanker-C"<br />
|-<br />
|31<br />
|MiG-31 "Foxhound"<br />
|-<br />
|34<br />
|Su-34 "Fullback"<br />
|-<br />
|39<br />
|Su-25M "Frogfoot"<br />
|-<br />
|40<br />
|''Spruance''-class destroyer<br />
|-<br />
|48<br />
|''Nimitz''-class carrier<br />
|-<br />
|49<br />
|''Oliver Hazard Perry''-class frigate<br />
|-<br />
|50<br />
|A-50 "Mainstay"<br />
|-<br />
|52<br />
|B-52 Stratofortress<br />
|-<br />
|76<br />
|IL-76 "Candid"<br />
|-<br />
|78<br />
|IL-78 "Midas"<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==AN/ALE-39 CMDS==<br />
[[File:f14 cms.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The AN/ALE-39 is the countermeasures dispensing set installed in the F-14B in this simulation. It controls its own set of launchers located between the engine nozzles on the underside of the so-called beaver-tail. The launchers each have two sections, one containing 10 cartridges and the other 20. They are referred to the left and right dispensers even though the left is really the front one and the right the back one with both being mounted inline on the left side of the tailhook. This is a remnant from the earliest model F-14s carrying the AN/ALE-29.<br />
<br />
This all sums up to a capacity of 60 cartridges in the system with each section necessarily holding one type of cartridges meaning that any combination of cartridges is possible as long as each type’s quantity is a multiple of 10. The system itself has no real knowledge of what is loaded where so incorrectly programming the system can lead to the wrong type of cartridge being ejected.<br />
<br />
===Cockpit Controls===<br />
The system itself can be operated manually from the control panel in the RIO pit or the DLC thumbwheel on the pilot stick when the flaps lever is in the up position. It is also capable of running programmed sequences of ejection which in turn can be initiated manually by the RIO from the control panel or the direction hats mounted on the handhold over the DDD. In addition, the AN/ALR-67 can also initiate the chaff ejection program if set up correctly on the AN/ALE-39 control panel.<br />
<br />
==AN/ALQ-126 DECM==<br />
The AN/ALQ-126 deception jammer is designed to detect radar threats, analyze them, select the optimum countermeasure technique available and apply it. Available techniques for jamming are amongst others, main lobe blanking, inverse con-scan, range-gate pull-off and swept square modes. In DCS this is modeled as a simple noise jammer due to engine limitations but controlled by the DECM logic as to when it’s on or off.<br />
<br />
===Cockpit Controls===<br />
The controls for the AN/ALQ-126 DECM are all located on the right horizontal panel in the RIO pit, the panel as the image above. In addition, there are two indication lights co-located with the RWR threat indicators on the right side of the TID. The mode selector knob controls power and operational mode that the system is in. The modes for the DECM are as follows:<br />
<br />
* '''OFF:''' turns off power to the system. STBY begins pre-warming of the system, taking in all-around 5 minutes.<br />
* '''TEST HOLD 3 SEC:''' is used to prepare the system for BIT, after 3 seconds in this mode, turn the knob to TEST - ACT.<br />
* '''TEST ACT:''' starts the BIT in the system. The BIT takes approximately 30 seconds and the RCV light will be illuminated the whole time while the XMIT light will flash twice. If the STANDBY light illuminates it indicates that a no-go condition exists in the system.<br />
* '''REC:''' enables the system to receive the only mode, enabling analyzation of threats and also the threat audio.<br />
* '''RPT:''' enables full system functionality, in addition to REC it also now tries to jam threats according to the selected method.<br />
<br />
=Television Camera Set=<br />
----<br />
[[File:tcs_symbology.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The F-14B is outfitted with the ALQ-100 Television Camera Set (TCS) pod, used for visually identifying aircraft during the time of which IFF was not a trusted/more inferior method to confirming hostile aircraft and to keep track of their position, as well as their living status.<br />
<br />
==Symbology==<br />
On the TID, in non-TV mode, a TCS track is indicated by a 1.5” strobe at TCS LOS azimuth with a hollow circle at the end.<br />
<br />
The symbology on the video feed from the TCS has indicators for the FOV and two crosshairs indicating TCS LOS relative own aircraft, GACH, and AN/AWG-9 radar LOS relative TCS LOS, RACH. Additionally, the track window is indicated by 4 small squares representing each corner of that window.<br />
<br />
The gimbal angle crosshairs or GACH, which is a solid cross, indicate deflection of the TCS LOS from the aircraft datum line, ADL. GACH crosshair in the center indicates TCS LOS along ADL and deflection towards the edges indicate deflection towards the gimbal limits with the video edges being maximum deflection.<br />
<br />
RACH or radar angle crosshairs, a dashed crosshair, indicate radar antenna LOS when inside the current TCS FOV. When the sensors slave to one another RACH and GACH will coincide creating a single solid crosshair.<br />
<br />
The track window indicates the area that the TCS contrast tracker is currently locked on to if it has acquired a target. When not in an active track these squares collapse into the center of the display being 2% of the screen width when in manual mode and 5% when in an auto mode.<br />
<br />
=LANTIRN Targeting Pod=<br />
----<br />
[[File:flir.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The F-14B can carry the AN/AAQ-14 Low Altitude Navigation and Targeting Infrared For Night (LANTIRN) targeting pod. This pod consists of a Forward-Looking Infrared (FLIR) camera (which also includes a digital charged coupled device camera) for target locating and observing, a Laser Target Designator/Ranger for firing a laser that both designates targets for laser-homing weapons and gathers ranging information for designating whatever the FLIR is pointed at as an air-to-ground, and a Laser Spot Tracker (LST) which can search for and track a laser, allowing for the FLIR to be cued onto an offboard (ground or air-designated) laser from another unit and then designate a Target off said point; this allows for most effective buddy-lasing. The targeting pod can be used in both air-to-ground and air-to-air functions, but the LTD/R and LST are only used for A/G operation.<br />
<br />
==Symbology==<br />
The following areas on the LANTIRN are to represent:<br />
# '''A/C Position Data:''' Displays aircraft LAT/LON, altitude, and groundspeed information.<br />
# '''LANTIRN Polarity:''' Displays white or hot background. AGC is for automatic gain control, MGC is for manual gain control.<br />
# '''LANTIRN Information:''' Gives general information on the pod. SR is for slant range, AZ/EL for azimuth/elevation of sight, and rest is UTC time.<br />
# '''LANTIRN Track Mode:''' Displays the current tracking mode. A/A is for air-to-air, A/G is for air-to-ground. Right side is for current selected weapon.<br />
# '''Track Data:''' Displays information of LAT/LON and altitude of where the sight is at.<br />
# '''Track:''' Displays the hairs for point and area track, and what the sight is directly pointed at.<br />
# '''Launch Envelopes:''' The top tape is for the heading relative of the aircraft to the track. The right side tape is for the release point.<br />
<br />
=TARPS Pod=<br />
----<br />
Not yet implemented.<br />
<br />
=Air-to-Air Radar=<br />
----<br />
==Detail Data Display==<br />
[[File:f14 ddd.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
Among the 3 digital displays, the Detail Data Display gives the RIO information about contacts from the AWG-9 radar in terms of range and radar mode, with respect to the notch filter.<br />
<br />
===Notch Filter===<br />
The AWG-9 radar in the F-14B Tomcat has a notch filter when using the pulse-doppler radar modes under certain conditions. These conditions include, but are not limited to:<br />
<br />
* ~100 knot difference of the aircraft relative to contact<br />
* Contact flying 90 degrees perpendicular CW/CCW to aircraft<br />
* Masking with ground terrain scan return<br />
<br />
<br />
There is a rough line shown in the radar modes, likewise of the jamming lobe, for when considering the notch filter that the contact will disappear from.<br />
<br />
==Tactical Information Display==<br />
[[File:f14 tid.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The Tactical Information Display (TID) gives the RIO of the F-14B the main information on the AWG-9 radar, including situational awareness, range, altitude, and contact heading.<br />
<br />
===Display Modes===<br />
The TID comes with a total of 8 display modes available, that can be toggled either on or off for purposes of gathering more information or decluttering:<br />
<br />
* '''RID DISABLE:''' ? needs more info. Not yet implemented.<br />
* '''ALT NUM:''' Displays the altitude of contact with a singular digit rounded to the nearest thousand.<br />
* '''SYM ELEM:''' Displays the symbology of contacts corresponding to HAFU.<br />
* '''DATA LINK:''' Displays contacts from the datalink frequency.<br />
* '''JAM STROBE:''' Displays the jamming strobes. Not yet implemented.<br />
* '''NON-ATTK:''' Displays determined (manual IFF or datalink) HAFU of friendly contacts.<br />
* '''VEL VECTOR:''' Displays the velocity vectors of contacts.<br />
* '''LAUNCH ZONE:''' Displays contact approximate missile launch zones.<br />
<br />
==AN/AWG-9 Radar==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat is equipped with the AN/AWG-9 all-weather and pulse-doppler radar. It is a very long-range radar used for the main purpose of intercept.<br />
<br />
===Radar Modes===<br />
The AWG-9 in the F-14B comes with 2 types of radar modes: doppler and pulse-doppler search. Of those two, subsets are able to be observed as 5 in this list:<br />
<br />
* '''PD SRCH:''' Pulse-Doppler Search mode. No bias factor of the radar, but impedes to pulse-doppler methods.<br />
* '''PD STT:''' Pulse-Doppler Single Target Track mode. By default upon acquiring a lock with the AWG-9, the radar will move to this function mode. It is currently suspectable to the notch filter.<br />
* '''RWS:''' Range While Search mode. The radar will prioritize the range of targets but not other factors. Falls under pulse-doppler.<br />
* '''TWS MAN:''' Track While Scan - Manual mode. The radar will prioritize the situational awareness of other targets but not give information on every target. The radar will also prioritize targets by threat importance.<br />
* '''TWS AUTO:''' Track While Scan - Auto mode. The radar will perform the same as TWS Man, but the elevation and azimuth controls will be automated in the process for an optimal scan.<br />
* '''PULSE SRCH:''' Pulse Search mode. No bias factor of the radar and can not be impeded to the notch filter, unlike the pulse-doppler method. The radar will, however, output a return of everything that is scanned and requires tuning.<br />
* '''PULSE STT:''' Pulse Single Target Track mode. Performing similarly to Pulse Search mode, this function mode applies to only a single target and is not suspectable to the notch filter.<br />
<br />
====Pulse-Doppler Search Mode====<br />
[[File:f14 pulsedoppler.png|thumb|350px]]<br />
The pulse-doppler search mode is used mainly as a kind of early warning mode. It is the search mode with the greatest detection range but it can display no range to the RIO, only closure rate. For this reason, the TID can display no track information.<br />
<br />
====Pulse-Doppler STT Mode====<br />
[[File:f14 pdstt.png|thumb|350px]]<br />
The pulse-doppler STT works and looks much like the pulse STT mode. It does, however, have the same advantages and disadvantages compared to pulse STT as the other pulse-doppler modes compared to the pulse modes. This means that while much better at tracking a target close to the ground it is however vulnerable to notching.<br />
<br />
The DDD display for pulse-doppler STT looks like pulse STT display except that the target return and antenna azimuth display are moved to the left side of the screen and a generated synthetic target marker is displayed at the correct azimuth instead. This is so that the targets range can be displayed by the synthetic target, unlike the other pulse-doppler modes which only shows closure rate. The other symbology on the DDD in this mode are the same as in pulse STT.<br />
<br />
====Range While Search Mode====<br />
In range while search, a frequency measuring ranging mode is added (FM ranging) to allow the radar to measure the range of tracked targets in addition to closure rate. This additional processing does, however, mean that the effective range of the radar is somewhat lesser. The display on the DDD is the same as in pulse-doppler search, the TID however also shows tracks in this mode showing the targets as tracks momentarily as they’re scanned and displaying their position and altitude. <br />
<br />
The targets are shown for a maximum of two seconds or until the antenna again scans the same bar at the same azimuth at which time it is removed unless detected again. The maximum number of concurrently shown tracks are 48.<br />
<br />
====TWS Manual Mode====<br />
The track, while scan mode uses the same FM ranging as RWS with the same reduction in range compared to pulse-doppler search and the DDD display, is also the same. The main difference that the computer establishes track files and tracks up to 24 targets concurrently of which 18 can be shown on the TID at any given time.<br />
<br />
As the computer routine calculating these tracks need a set track refresh time of 2 seconds this limits available azimuth scan area and bar settings to either 20° 4 bars or 40° 2 bars. When entering TWS the computer automatically selects the ±20° 4 bar scan disregarding the RIO set scan volumes unless those are set to ±40° 2 bars in which case that is used instead.<br />
<br />
The TWS mode is also the only mode enabling guidance of the AIM-54 at multiple targets (up to six), and as soon as engageable targets are detected the computer starts assigning them a missile priority number according to optimal missile firing sequence.<br />
<br />
====TWS Auto Mode====<br />
Performing similarly to TWS Man mode, what differs between the two is that in TWS auto the computer takes control of used scan volume and scan pattern azimuth and elevation as soon as target tracks are present. The WCS computer automatically tries to optimize the scan volume and direction so that tracking of the prioritized targets is maximized. If not selected before launch the WCS overrides as soon as the first AIM-54 is launched and selects TWS Auto.<br />
<br />
====Pulse Search Mode====<br />
[[File:f14 pulse.png|thumb|350px]]<br />
Pulse search is used to search for and find airborne targets at range. It is possible to use this radar mode as a basic ground mapper as well which can be useful for navigation and navigational fixes and can also be used in a pinch to detect larger surface targets like ships. Keep in mind though that the radar is not built with this as its main function and that a real air-to-ground radar will outperform it handily.<br />
<br />
In this mode, the radar cannot by itself differentiate targets and generate tracks meaning that the WCS will not generate track files and display anything on the TID. This also means that pulse search is not capable of guiding missiles.<br />
<br />
====Pulse STT Mode====<br />
[[File:f14 pstt.png|thumb|350px]]<br />
Pulse STT is used to track a single target, like pulse search mode it is not susceptible to notching but it is to ground clutter. The fact that the STT modes use gates to track the target, in this case, range gates, means that it is less susceptible to ground clutter but a target close enough to the ground that the ground return enters the range gates would be likely to shake the lock.<br />
<br />
As it is only in the pulse-doppler modes that the missile guidance commands can be sent pulse STT is limited to launching AIM-7s in CW mode and AIM-54s in an active launch mode limiting their ranges. At short ranges, ACM ranges, it is possible to use the ASPECT switch to set what aspect of the target to track, this is just to counter different types of countermeasures. As an example, if set to NOSE the radar will be less susceptible to chaff as the radar weights its track towards the targets leading-edge (nose) away from the chaff being launched behind the target.<br />
<br />
A successful track is indicated by the ANT TRK and RDROT indicator lights on the DDD, meaning that the antenna is tracking the target and that the target is within the range gates. If the target is jamming with sufficient strength, negating a range track, the radar will transition to a jam angle track instead, indicated by the JAT indicator light on the DDD illuminating instead of the RDROT. When range tracking is again possible at closer ranges the radar will transition to that instead.<br />
<br />
The DDD in this mode will be similar to the pulse search mode but the antenna will be locked onto the target and not scan. Additionally, the DDD will show the range gates around the target, a closing rate symbol at the right scale and applicable attack symbology if a valid missile is selected.<br />
<br />
===Anti-Jamming Modes===<br />
Not yet implemented.<br />
<br />
===AN/APX-76 IFF Interrogator===<br />
The AN/APX-76 IFF (Identification Friend or Foe) interrogator is integrated into the AN/AWG-9 operation. Then interrogator antenna itself is located on the AN/AWG-9 antenna gimbal platform. An IFF system works by sending out an interrogation pulse and then listening for returns from cooperating transponders. In addition to the unencrypted civilian mode the AN/APX-76 is capable of interrogating in the encrypted military mode 4. This ensures that targets replying to mode 4 interrogations are indeed friendly. The AN/APX-76 can be used both in search radar modes and in STT radar modes. To enable interrogation the IFF switch is depressed on the Detail Data Display Panel which then activates the interrogator for as long as the button is held up to 10 seconds max.<br />
<br />
When enabled IFF received IFF returns are then overlaid on the normal AN/AWG-9 radar returns on the DDD. A friendly target will be indicated with two bars, one above and one below the normal radar return. As the AN/APX-76 is a separate radar, secondary mode, radar apart from the AWG-9 the IFF can sometimes also detect targets not detected by the AWG-9. In this case the IFF return will not have a radar echo inside it. In the search mode this is overlaid over each target replying and in STT over the STT target. Additionally, if the STT target is hooked on the TID the DDD will switch from normal range display to a ±10 NM display to enable display of multiple returns in case of closely grouped targets.<br />
<br />
==HAFU/Datalink==<br />
[[File:HAFU.png|right|80px]]<br />
Hostile, Ambiguous, Friendly or Unknown (HAFU) is a symbology system used by the F/A-18 to represent trackfiles; specifically, to show its status as a friendly or hostile. It is usually what trackfiles are displayed as across the software.<br />
<br />
There are four HAFU symbols:<br />
*'''Triangle:''' Hostile (red when colored)<br />
*'''Thick Staple:''' Ambiguous (yellow when colored)<br />
*'''Half-Circle:''' Friendly (green when colored)<br />
*'''Thin Staple:''' Unknown (yellow when colored)<br />
<br />
<br />
All types except ambiguous can be manually assigned via the [[#SA Format|Situational Awareness]] format. Tracks will also be automatically identified as explained below.<br />
<br />
A hostile HAFU will be assigned whenever:<br />
* A negative IFF response is returned, and<br />
** An NCTR print returns with an aircraft type that is on the hostile coalition; or<br />
** A SURV (surveillance, like an AWACS) source over datalink also marks it hostile; or<br />
** A F/F (fighter-fighter, like another F/A-18) source over datalink also marks it hostile.<br />
<br />
<br />
An ambiguous HAFU will be assigned when the aircraft and a donor have conflicting identifications (friendly and hostile).<br />
<br />
A friendly HAFU will be assigned whenever an IFF interrogation returns as friendly or the track itself is contributed to by the Precise Participant Location and Identification (PPLI) system.<br />
<br />
An unknown HAFU will be assigned by default until it is updated by meeting one of the requirements above.<br />
<br />
=Air-to-Air Weapons=<br />
----<br />
This area will cover over all the different air-to-air weapons brought with the F-14B Tomcat.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Air Gun==<br />
[[File:f14 gun aa.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
''Using Real-Time mode.''<br />
<br />
The F-14 Tomcat is outfitted with the M61A1 Vulcan 6-barreled Gatling cannon, being able to hold up a maximum of 675 rounds internally.<br />
<br />
===Gun Rates===<br />
The cannon offers 2 modes of combat in the F-14B: <br />
<br />
* '''LOW:''' mode which slows down the muzzle rate, used for Air-to-Ground.<br />
* '''HIGH:''' mode which is to be used for Basic Fighter Maneuvering. (BFM)<br />
<br />
===Gun Modes===<br />
The cannon for Air-to-Air mode is able to be placed into 2 following positions:<br />
<br />
* '''Manual:''' this mode is able to be selected by depressing the CAGE/SEAM button, which will then only display the pipper and ammo count.<br />
* '''Real-Time:''' this mode is the regular, default mode. Along with a radar lock, the pipper will calculate to be accurate when directed to the diamond contact box. This will also give a closure rate towards the contact and the range relative to the aircraft.<br />
<br />
===Symbology===<br />
<br />
The symbology for the cannon is displayed on the HUD with the weapon master selector in the GUN position, and display in A/A. By default, the gun rounds indicator will be displayed as 0 for rounds per 100. Located next to the display panel to the right is the gun ammo counter. Additionally, the gunsight elevation is also able to be adjusted underneath the steer commands on the display panel.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Air Missiles==<br />
===Missile Preparation===<br />
Missile preparation in the F-14B Tomcat is started by moving the master arm switch on the ACM panel underneath the HUD to ON. This is then followed by pressing the MSL PREP and SW COOL buttons to be ON, depending on the armament type.<br />
<br />
===AIM-54 Phoenix===<br />
The AIM-54 is a long-range, semi-active radar missile for Air-to-Air use. The F-14 was the only aircraft to carry it in service and was used to take down Soviet bombers. However, it is able to be used on fighters as well. The AIM-54 comes with a proximity fuse and missile gate suite for non-direct contact explosions and radar tracking methods. <br />
<br />
Upon the launch of the missile, active input from the AN/AWG-9 radar is used to guide itself towards the contact. When reaching pitbull range (~20 nmi.) the missile will then use the radar in itself and steer until impact. <br />
<br />
The time until impact will be calculated during the whole flight of the missile after the launch sequence on the TID as a seconds counter next to the contact.<br />
<br />
====Missile Variants====<br />
The AIM-54 for the F-14 in DCS is not only just 1 variant but 2 provided for the aircraft:<br />
<br />
* '''AIM-54A Mk.60:''' The A variant Mk.60 is a specific version of the AIM-54 Phoenix which utilizes burn time and speed over agility and smoke. The Mk.60 is able to be fired from at most ~100 nmi. under optimal conditions, factoring altitude, kinetic airspeed, contact airspeed, and altitude. The recommended firing distance of the variant, however, is ~45 nmi.<br />
* '''AIM-54C Mk.47:''' The C variant Mk.47 is a later upgrade to the missile that utilizes agility and smoke over burn time and speed. While the C variant provides a no-smoke solution, it lacks the favoring of speed and distance. Under optimal conditions similar to the A, this missile variant is best at ~60 nmi. The recommended distance to contact for firing is ~30 nmi.<br />
<br />
====Launch Modes====<br />
The main seeker in the AIM-54 is able to be fired through 3 launch modes in according:<br />
<br />
# '''Semi-active Radar Homing (SARH):''' In the first stage of the AIM-54 engagement, the missile is guided semi-actively by the AN/AWG-9 radar using both guidance commands transmitted via the radar and radar energy reflected off the target. Then when the missile is within range of its seeker’s ARH mode the AN/AWG-9 commands the missile to switch to ARH. In pulse doppler STT the AIM-54 uses SARH all the way to the target receiving guidance commands at a greater rate than in TWS and also continuous spotlighting of the target because of the STT mode being used. This increases the effective range of the AIM-54 seeker slightly.<br />
# '''Active Radar Homing (ARH):''' This tells the WCS to immediately command the AIM-54 to go active in the first guidance command after launch. If launched at a target within 6 NM if in the targets rear hemisphere or 10 NM miles if in its forward hemisphere the WCS will also automatically command this mode instead of a SARH mode. If the target is not detected actively by the seeker it will still fall back to SARH until the seeker can acquire on its own like in the two SARH modes.<br />
# '''ACM Active:''' The missile is commanded active before launch making this the only mode where the missile is truly fire and forget. The AIM-54 missile receives the active message before launching from the WCS in addition to a command prepositioning the seeker-head to have it look at the current WCS track if available.<br />
<br />
<br />
Additionally, the AIM-54 has an unofficial method of launching the missile:<br />
<br />
* '''Mad-dogging:''' A method that uses the aircraft relative to their contact altitude and airspeed and firing the AIM-54 in the direction, which will force it to become semi-active within the pitbull range.<br />
<br />
====HUD Symbology====<br />
[[File:f14 aim54 hud.png|thumb|400px]]<br />
The pilot will receive standard symbology of the AIM-54 missile selected when the display is in A/A mode. Similar to the GUNS format, displayed on the HUD will be the weapon type denoted in 2 letters, and the number of missiles. Additionally, any more advanced symbology will occur by lock, which is required at first to fire the missile without "mad-dogging."<br />
<br />
===AIM-7 Sparrow===<br />
The AIM-7 Sparrow is an active-radar guided missile for Air-to-Air employment. This missile requires an active radar lock to a contact in order to guide itself for impact. The benefit of this missile is that it is able to lose trackoing guidance if the aircraft breaks the lock on a friendly contact, as well as being able to be used in a mixed scenario.<br />
<br />
The maximum range of the Sparrow under optimal conditions as the Phoenix is ~25 nmi. The recommended distance, however, is roughly ~10 nmi.<br />
<br />
===AIM-9 Sidewinder===<br />
The AIM-9 Sidewinder is an IR-guided missile that self tracks based off of thermal energy (heat) of an aircraft. This missile should be used for close quarters range, where agility and speed are a high priority. The benefit of this missile is how quickly it can turn onto a contact. However, a con to this can be "sun-aiming," where the missile follows a contact that flies directly to the sun and immediately flanks out of the sensor sight of the Sidewinder.<br />
<br />
The maximum range on this missile is ~10 nmi., but recommended range is within ~5 nmi. under optimal conditions.<br />
<br />
=Air-to-Ground Weapons=<br />
----<br />
The F-14B Tomcat comes with a variety of air-to-ground weapons after the upgrade to the Bombcat.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Ground Gun==<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Ground Bombs==<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
===Mk-20/81/82/83/84 GPB===<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
===GBU-12/14/16 LGB===<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
===BDU-33 Training Bomb===<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
===ADM-141 TALD===<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Ground Rockets==<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
=Resources=<br />
----<br />
==Manuals & Documents==<br />
* [https://info.publicintelligence.net/F14AAP-1B.pdf F-14B NATOPS Pocket Checklist]<br />
* [http://www.heatblur.se/F-14Manual/ Heatblur F-14 Manual]<br />
<br />
==Heatblur's Videos==<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q1o7E9pb95Y Episode 1: Overview]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OO3IdQjAdDA Episode 2: Pilot's Cockpit Walkaround]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ws1GxPG2ZXw Episode 3: Cold And Dark (Full Startup)]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kgpGO7fj4oU Episode 4: The RIO's Office]<br />
<br />
==Jabbers' Tutorial Videos==<br />
(They're good!)<br />
<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2qwlJs__iYk Pilot - Startup/Taxi/Takeoff with JESTER AI]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b5opjCygZug Pilot - Maneuvering and Flight Characteristics]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f4y2oZ-7rM8 Pilot - Air-to-Air Refueling]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ujk4hL_EnUc Pilot - ACM - Radar Acquisition Modes]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wftck0C3fJ8 Pilot - Weapons - Zuni Rockets with JESTER AI]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4m-Q02gxFEA Pilot - Weapons - AIM-9 Sidewinder]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SWeHtpJ00JI RIO - Startup]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r4-Dd4ss2Rc RIO - AWG-9 Radar]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YG7sWweg2RQ RIO - IFF Interrogation]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2q-bHFyTEr8 Overview - AIM-54C Mk.47 Phoenix - Tacview Debrief]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PyAQpqVhtBY Overview - AIM-54A Mk.60 Phoenix - Tacview Debrief]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4groy-_Bxfk Quick Tips - AIM-54 Phoenix]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Is3AtOX-abw Quick Tips - Bombing]</div>Siriushttps://wiki.hoggitworld.com/index.php?title=F-14A/B&diff=10607F-14A/B2019-09-07T04:21:42Z<p>Sirius: /* AIM-54 Phoenix */</p>
<hr />
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<br />
''Credits to Jak for having the [[F/A-18C]] page serve as a guide and filler content on related systems.''<br />
<br />
The Grumman '''F-14A/B''' Tomcat is a two-seat, twin-engine supersonic variable wing-sweep fighter aircraft. The F-14 was the first US fighter jet with twin tails and was the largest & heaviest US fighter to ever fly from an aircraft carrier. The reason that the F-14 was so incredibly large and heavy was that it carried the large AWG-9 radar and accompanying AIM-54 Phoenix (air-to-air) missiles: this very capable combination allowed the F-14 to make shots of up to 200 nautical miles at the bad guys. Also, being big means you can carry a lot of fuel!<br />
<br />
Of course, the practical range of the AWG-9 is rather more limited, especially if you are shooting at more maneuverable fighter-sized targets, but even at these closer ranges, the AIM-54 Phoenix is still a capable missile that should not be underestimated. The F-14 is also capable of carrying an array of air-to-ground weapons, such as dumb bombs in both high and low drag forms, air-to-ground Zuni rockets and even laser-guided bombs, which can be self-designated using the LANTIRN targeting pod on the F-14.<br />
<br />
Most people will recognize and adore the F-14 because of its stardom presence in that one weird volleyball movie from the '80s. Its on-screen presence in movies will make the F-14 to appear docile and easy to fly, but due to lack of a fly-by-wire the F-14 can be a real handful: it being a pilot's aircraft however makes it fun to fly and learn. The analogous nature of the F-14 (comparable to the F-5E II Tigershark) will give you a good knowledge of the airplane over time but requires a bit of a different mindset that the computerized flight of the F/A-18C and the F-15.<br />
<br />
__TOC__<br />
<br />
=Weapons List=<br />
----<br />
==Implemented==<br />
Partially or fully implemented weapons of the F14/A/B Tomcat:<br />
* M61 Vulcan Six-Barreled Gatling Gun<br />
* AIM-7M/F Sparrow<br />
* CAP/AIM-9M Sidewinder<br />
* AIM-54A Phoenix Mk. 60<br />
* AIM-54C Phoenix Mk. 47<br />
* Mk-81, 82, 83, and 84 <br />
* GBU-10, 12, 16, and 24 <br />
* MK-20 Rockeye<br />
* Zuni Rockets<br />
* BDU-33 Practice Bombs<br />
* ADM-141 TALD<br />
* LUU-2 Parachute Flare<br />
* Smokewinder<br />
* LANTIRN Pod<br />
* FPU-1 Fuel Tank<br />
<br />
==Planned==<br />
Weapons not yet implemented into the Tomcat:<br />
* TARPS Pod<br />
<br />
=Hands On Throttle And Stick (HOTAS)=<br />
----<br />
==Throttle==<br />
[[File:throttle.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The throttle of the F-14 Tomcat consists of 2 quadrants, both for the left and right engines. There is an afterburner detent along with a cutoff detent for maximum throttle and shutdown of the engine for each quadrant.<br />
<br />
The throttle has the following controls:<br />
# '''Speed Brake Switch:''' 2-position switch. "EXT" is a momentary and needed input position that extends the speed brake outward depending on the aircraft speed.<br />
# '''Wing Sweep Switch:''' 4-way hat switch. "AUTO" sets the wing to sweep automatically determined by an onboard computer, "BOMB" sets the wing to sweep in an angled position between fully extended and retracted and dependent on speed for the air-to-ground bombing.<br />
# '''PLM Button:''' multifunction button. When the steering command is in A2A mode, this acts as a pilot lock-on tool for the AWG-9 radar. But when used for landing and/or in the LDG steering command mode, this allows for disengagement of the ACLS.<br />
# '''CAGE/SEAM Button:''' multifunction button. When the steering command is in A2A mode, this allows for CAGE/SEAM lock-on of the AIM-9 Sidewinder. But when used for landing and/or in the LDG steering command mode, this allows for disengagement of the APC.<br />
# '''Exterior Light Switch:''' 2-position switch. Used to toggle the exterior lights of the aircraft.<br />
# '''ICS PTT Switch:''' 2-position switch. Acts as a push-to-talk system for the ICS system inside of the aircraft used between the Pilot and RIO. (or JESTER AI)<br />
<br />
==Control Stick==<br />
[[File:stick.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The control stick is located in the center of the cockpit, mounted onto the floor. Left and right movements of the control stick direct hydraulic movement to the spoilers and horizontal stabilizers of the aircraft. Forward and backward movement result to respectively the same but to the horizontal stabilizers.<br />
<br />
The control stick has the following controls:<br />
# '''Bomb Release Button:''' single-purpose button. When pressed in A2G steering command mode, all pylons selected with bombs will release respective of the ripple settings, type, and interval.<br />
# '''Trim Hat:''' 4-way hat switch. Upward movement moves the aircraft downward, and downward movement moves the aircraft upward. Both left and right movements follow to their directions according to their name.<br />
# '''Weapon Select Hat:''' 4-way hat switch. Bottom selection is OFF, and a ridge requires a momentary push action to move in/out of to GUN. Following all to the top are SW, then SP/PH which requires a momentary push action to switch between.<br />
# '''DLC & Maneuver Flap Command Wheel:''' scrollable dial. Moving it with the landing gears fully deployed acts as a variable control for spoiler extension. With the landing gears up, the dial also acts the same but for flaps and slats.<br />
# '''DLC Engage/Disengage & CMS Dispense Button:''' multifunction button. When pressed with the landing gears fully deployed, this controls the engagement and disengagement of the DLC system. But with the landing gears fully retracted, this allows for pilot control of the CMS system.<br />
# '''Autopilot Reference & NWS Button:''' multifunction button. When the aircraft is up in the air, this controls specific autopilot settings. But when the aircraft is on the ground, this controls the activation of the nosewheel steering system.<br />
# '''Autopilot Emergency Disengage Paddle:''' multifunction button. Disengages all autopilot modes and DLC and releases all autopilot switches and roll and pitch SAS switches to OFF position.<br />
# '''Weapon Firing Trigger:''' two-stage trigger switch. The first detent enables CTVS and gun camera. Second detent releases selected forwards firing the weapon.<br />
<br />
=Flight Controls & Landing Gear=<br />
----<br />
==Flight Controls==<br />
[[File:Wheels-flaps.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The F-14B has a large hydraulic system which covers for all of the control surfaces of the aircraft. Without the hydraulic system, or taking damage the controls are in risk of improperly working. The F-14 Tomcat was the last of its generation to have no integration of an FBW or FCS system, which was introduced with the F-15 Eagle.<br />
<br />
The F-14's primary flight controls are:<br />
* '''Left Spoilers (LES):''' A set of spoilers that lie within the left wing of the aircraft that help with aileron movement and control that react opposite of the intended direction.<br />
* '''Right Spoilers (RES):''' A set of spoilers that lie within the right wing of the aircraft that help with aileron movement and control that react opposite of the intended direction.<br />
* '''Tailerons (TAIL):''' Two horizontal stabilizers located on the rear end of the aircraft that control both pitch and aileron movement.<br />
* '''Leading Edge Flaps (LEF):''' Normal slats located on the leading (front) edge of the wings to add lift.<br />
* '''Trailing Edge Flaps (TEF):''' Normal flaps located on the trailing (back) edge of the wings to add lift.<br />
<br />
<br />
The control stick controls the stabilators, ailerons, and rudder and the rudder pedals control the rudder.<br />
<br />
===Flaps System===<br />
The aircraft's flap system provides more lift (and as a byproduct, drag). The flaps lever has two positions:<br />
* '''NONE:''' This applies no flap whatsoever to the wings of the aircraft.<br />
* '''FULL:''' This applies full movement of flaps to the wings of the aircraft.<br />
<br />
<br />
The flaps lever allows for variable movement, which gives the pilot the ability to control the amount of flap they wish for.<br />
<br />
===Speed Brake===<br />
The speed brake is a flap located on the end of the aircraft designed to provide drag to decelerate faster. It is activated via the speed brake switch on the throttle. The two positions are:<br />
* '''EXT:''' When the switch is moved aft, this extends the speed brake of the aircraft out depending on the airspeed.<br />
* '''RET:''' When the switch is moved forward, this retracts the speed brake.<br />
<br />
===Trim===<br />
The tailerons are capable of being trimmed to make roll and pitch corrections. This is accomplished with the trim hat on the controls stick. When the autopilot system is engaged, the onboard computer will attempt to make active trim movements in order to keep the aircraft within the specified attitude when set, along of the setting parameters. As speed is either gained or lost, the trim will actively move the stick as well along of the tailerons to adapt.<br />
<br />
===Wing Sweep===<br />
The wings of the aircraft are a variable-sweep design allowing for automatic or manual movements from pilot input on the right throttle quadrant. Similar to wing fold, the wings are able to be overswept from its maximum position through a master reset of the system in order to allow tighter space and closer parking on the carrier deck.<br />
<br />
==Landing Gear==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat has 3 retractable landing gears: the nose gear, the left gear, and the right gear. The gear is moved via the gear lever on the left side of the cockpit. In the up position, the gear will retract. In the down position, the gear will extend. The gear lever cannot be put up with weight on wheels. The gear will not retract with the launch bar extended.<br />
<br />
===Nosewheel Steering===<br />
The nose gear features nosewheel steering (NWS) controlled by the rudder pedals. With the weight off of the wheels, it is disengaged. It automatically engages upon there being the weight on wheels. NWS is disengaged manually via the button on the stick.<br />
<br />
===Launch Bar===<br />
On the front nosegear is a launch bar that attaches the airplane to a catapult from launches from an aircraft carrier. Its deployment is pilot-controlled, but it is connected to the catapult by the ground crew (DCS default binding is U).<br />
<br />
It is controlled via the launch bar switch on the left upper console. When the switch in the RETRACT position, the launch bar will retract, but physically cannot do so when connected to the catapult. The switch will move to the RETRACT position automatically when there is a weight off wheels. In the EXTEND position, the launch bar will extend if there is the weight on wheels.<br />
<br />
=Autopilot and Autothrottle=<br />
----<br />
The F-14 Tomcat has the ability to automate certain types of flight via its Automatic Flight Control System (AFCS) and Automatic Throttle Control (ATC). The AFCS, or simply the autopilot, control the flight surfaces and the ATC controls the throttles.<br />
<br />
==AFCS==<br />
[[File:afcs.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The Automatic Flight Control System (AFCS), or just the "autopilot", controls the aircraft's flight controls to automate maneuvering. It is interfaced on the autopilot panel via the A/P engage switch. On the autopilot panel, there are 7 modes able to be toggled:<br />
# '''Pitch Stabilizer Augmentation:''' 2-position switch. This switch controls the ability for the pitch to be augmented for dampening.<br />
# '''Roll Stabilizer Augmentation:''' 2-position switch. This switch controls the ability for the roll to be augmented for dampening.<br />
# '''Yaw Stabilizer Augmentation:''' 2-position switch. This switch controls the ability for the yaw to be augmented for dampening.<br />
# '''VEC/PCD/ACL Switch:''' 3-position switch. This switch controls the remote control modes of autopilot with the steering bars and ACLS.<br />
# '''ALT Switch:''' 2-position switch.' This switch controls the ability to maintain the current altitude when autopilot is engaged.<br />
# '''HDG/GT Switch:''' 3-position switch. This switch controls the ability to maintain the current heading when autopilot is engaged.<br />
# '''ENGAGE Switch:''' 2-position switch. This switch engages and disengages the autopilot.<br />
<br />
==ATC==<br />
The automatic throttle control (ATC), or just "autothrottle", controls the physical throttles and thereby automated thrust control. ATC is toggled via ATC engage/disengage switch next to the throttle. When the ATC is engaged, the physical means of the throttle quadrants will begin to move on their own. However, whenever the pilot makes any new movement to the throttle whatsoever, the ATC will disengage to allow pilot control over both of the engines. The ATC is primarily used for landing on a carrier along of the ACLS system.<br />
<br />
=Digital Systems Overview=<br />
----<br />
[[File:displays.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
==Pilot==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat comes with 2 digital display screens in the Pilot cockpit:<br />
* '''Vertical Display Indicator (VDI):''' a multifunction display that allows for the pilot to see their HUD in a form of a repeater, and the [[#Television Camera Set|TCS]].<br />
* '''Horizontal Situation Display Indicator (HSD):''' a multifunction display that allows for the pilot to see their virtual compass for navigation modes, and the [[#AWG-9 Pulse-Doppler Radar|AWG-9 Radar]] from the RIO TID as a repeater.<br />
<br />
===Heads Up Display===<br />
The head-up display (HUD) is a projected display at the front of the cockpit that serves as the primary flight instrument. It also provides various indications for weapon delivery; this section will cover the HUD's indications in NAV master mode. Master mode/weapon-specific indications on the HUD will be covered in the relevant section.<br />
<br />
====Reject Modes====<br />
Via the switches next to the TO button on the displays panel, you are able to "declutter" or remove information off of the HUD.<br />
<br />
==Radar Intercept Officer==<br />
The Radar Intercept Officer (RIO) comes with 3 digital display screens in the RIO cockpit:<br />
* '''Detail Data Display (DDD):''' a dual-purpose display that allows for the RIO to see contacts on the [[#AWG-9 Pulse-Doppler Radar|radar]], based on the range and radar mode.<br />
* '''Tactical Information Display (TID):''' a multi-purpose display that allows for the RIO to see their [[#AWG-9 Pulse-Doppler Radar|AWG-9]] situational awareness, [[#Television Camera Set|TCS]], [[#TARPS Pod|TARPS]] and [[#LANTIRN Targeting Pod|LANTIRN]] pods.<br />
* '''Horizontal Situation Display Indicator (HSD):''' a multi-purpose display as to the one in the pilot cockpit.<br />
<br />
==Master Modes==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat has 5 primarily modes for information displayed. The 5 master modes are:<br />
* '''TO:''' switch. Displays takeoff information on HUD and VDI for degrees.<br />
* '''CRUISE:''' single-purpose button. Displays in-air flight information on HUD and VDI for degrees.<br />
* '''A/A:''' single-purpose button. Displays air-to-air information on HUD and VDI for degrees; and weapon employment.<br />
* '''A/G:''' single-purpose button. Displays air-to-ground information on HUD and VDI for degrees; and weapon employment.<br />
* '''LDG:''' single-purpose button. Displays landing information on HUD and VDI for degrees.<br />
<br />
<br />
Additionally, the F-14 Tomcat has an Air Combat Maneuver (ACM) panel which controls all air-to-air and air-to-ground aspects for armament.<br />
<br />
=Navigation=<br />
----<br />
The F-14 Tomcat has an inertial navigation system (INS) that allows the pilot to navigate by internal gyros aligned. However, due to the fault of having no GPS assistance, these gyros slowly drift over time and cause misalignment for visual information.<br />
<br />
==HSD==<br />
[[File:Hsd.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The Horizontal Situation Display Indicator (HSD) is the primary interface with the airplane's navigation systems. The HSI can be accessed from the bottom display screen. The basic function of the HSI is a rotating compass with a looking-from-above perspective. The controls for this screen are:<br />
# '''BRT Control:''' dial. Controls the brightness of the HSD screen.<br />
# '''HDG Control:''' dial. Controls the heading reference in TACAN mode.<br />
# '''CRS Control:''' dial. Controls the course heading reference in MAN and TACAN modes.<br />
# '''Test Button:''' single-purpose button. Resets the HSD screen if overload protection activates.<br />
# '''BIT Indicator:''' light. Shows a white light if a failure produces in the HSD.<br />
<br />
=== Steering Commands ===<br />
The HSD comes with a set of 5 different steering commands, which each have their own purpose towards displaying certain information:<br />
* '''TACAN:''' single-purpose button. Displays information based off of a radio beacon with range and direction.<br />
* '''DEST:''' single-purpose button. Displays information off of a selected waypoint from the RIO with range and direction.<br />
* '''AWL/PCD:''' single-purpose button. Displays information off of an ICLS frequency with azimuth and elevation bars (on VDI and HUD)<br />
* '''VEC:''' single-purpose button. ? (needs more info.)<br />
* '''MAN:''' single-purpose button. Displays information off of an entered heading (HDG Control) with direction.<br />
<br />
==Waypoints==<br />
The F-14B comes with an onboard flight computer system that handles waypoint navigation during in-air flight. The navigation system in the F-14B Tomcat gives a variety of waypoint holders, along with information for a set home plate.<br />
<br />
===Pilot===<br />
For the F-14B pilot, the waypoint information is able to be accessed by the DEST steering command and by using the NAV HSD display mode.<br />
<br />
===Radar Intercept Officer===<br />
For the F-14B Radar Intercept Officer, (RIO) the waypoints must be manually assigned by the RIO through the Computer Address Panel (CAP) system under the TAC DATA category. Once done, the waypoint must be selected through the CAP and entered in with coordinates similar to how INS alignment procedures are done.<br />
<br />
==TACAN==<br />
Tactical Air Navigation (TACAN) is a military radio navigation system. A TACAN beacon allows for an aircraft to determine its bearing and range from it, and using this information can navigate. TACAN's may be ground-based or be broadcasted by an airplane. TACAN channels have two bands, X and Y, and range from 1-126. 2 TACAN channels may be set present in the aircraft by both the Pilot and RIO for simultaneous use.<br />
<br />
The TACAN setting knobs give a range of these options:<br />
*'''T/R:''' Transmit and receive. Gets bearing and range from the TACAN.<br />
*'''RCV:''' Receive. Gets bearing from the TACAN.<br />
*'''A/A:''' Air-to-air TACAN mode.<br />
*'''X:''' Tunes the selected frequency on the X band.<br />
*'''Y:''' Tunes the selected frequency on the Y band.<br />
<br />
==ICLS==<br />
For night and low visibility operations, aircraft carriers have an Instrument Carrier Landing System (ICLS) to allow for instrument approaches to the carrier. ICLS provides horizontal and vertical guidance. The F-14 is equipped with ICLS.<br />
<br />
To activate the airplane's ICLS antenna, an ICLS dial is present to the right of the warning lights advisory panel, with an ARA on/off switch, used to toggle power to the system.<br />
<br />
When ILS is selected on the HSI, two bars, one horizontal and one vertical, appear near the velocity vector on the HUD. These indicate a vertical and horizontal deviation from the optimal glideslope (3°) and course to the deck. When they are both aligned with the velocity vector (making a "+"), the aircraft is on course.<br />
<br />
==ACLS==<br />
For CAT III conditions and poor visibility, the F-14 is equipped with the Automatic Carrier Landing System (ACLS) to allow an automatic flight to the carrier via. a radio-guided input from a Landing Signal Officer. (LSO) The auto-throttle and autopilot systems must be engaged and present during the time of activation with this system, along with lights given to the left of the VDI display.<br />
<br />
Datalink is required between the aircraft and the carrier in order for ACLS to work. When the best position of the azimuth and glideslope bars are within parameters, the nosewheel steering button is pressed in order to engage guidance.<br />
<br />
==Navigation Failures==<br />
The F-14B has a variety of navigation failures that may/can occur, including methods to fix them.<br />
<br />
===Navigation Fix Update===<br />
An error of latitude or longitude in the computer position of the aircraft can be corrected by a navigation fix update. Updating is especially important in the backup modes (AHRS AM and IMU/ AM) because of the estimated winds and magnetic variation changes. A nav fix is done via a ground-reference-point (latitude and longitude) position. The range and bearing of this position to the present aircraft position are used to update or correct existing values. The nav system may be updated by either a radar fix, a TACAN fix, or a visual fix.<br />
<br />
Before performing a nav fix, the latitude and longitude of the desired update point (radar, TACAN, or visual) must be stored in one of eight navigation point locations (three WPs, FIX PT, HOME BASE, HOST AREA, DEF PT, and IP). This data can be stored prior to flight by data link or by manual insertion. Then follow these steps:<br />
<br />
# Hook the Waypoint you choose to select for the nav fix.<br />
# Check the stored latitude and longitude on the TID.<br />
# Rotate the CATEGORY switch to NAV and select the desired type of update.<br />
<br />
<br />
Note that updating the position while in INS, and to a lesser degree while in IMU, can introduce a greater navigational position error than already present, in particular, if radar fix is used to update the nav system. Updates with a visual or TACAN fix provide reasonable accuracy (assuming a good MAG VAR during TACAN updates). Updating your nav system via a nav fix should be primarily used in the AHRS mode.<br />
<br />
===Radar Fix Update===<br />
An RDR FIX may be selected before or after positioning the DDD cursors. If the RDR FIX button is depressed, the computer computes the present position of the aircraft by measuring the range and bearing from the selected point. The delta between the computer position and the position determined by the INS is then displayed on the TID. If the entry of this delta into the navigation computations is desired, press the FIX ENABLE button. If the delta does not appear to be correct, the computer and the readout can be cleared by pressing the RDR FIX button. The fix may then be attempted again. The RIO should also perform periodic checks of own aircraft system altitude and update the altitude if necessary.<br />
<br />
Radar updating is performed as follows:<br />
<br />
# TID CURSOR/CAP - Hook Desired Navigation Point for Update.<br />
# PULSE SRCH button - Depress.<br />
# On sensor control panel: STAB switch - IN. EL BARS switch - 1. AZ SCAN switch - As Desired.<br />
# RDR FIX button - Depress.<br />
# DDD CURSOR button - Depress.<br />
# Action switch - Half Action (first detent).<br />
# Cursor is displayed on DDD.<br />
# Manipulate hand control DDD cursor over desired ground map point.<br />
# Action switch - Full Action and Release. (This will cause the DDD cursor to remain at the selected position.<br />
# Observe the delta for LAT and LONG on TID.<br />
# If readouts are unsatisfactory, deselect RDR FIX and repeat steps 4 through 12.<br />
# FIX ENABLE button - Depress.<br />
<br />
===TACAN Update===<br />
To perform a nav fix by TACAN requires that a restored waypoint shares identical LAT and LONG values with the TACAN station that will be used for the fix. Select the TACAN channel for the desired station and verify by listening to the coded identifier tone in the headset.<br />
<br />
Press the TACAN FIX button to update the aircraft position from a TACAN station. The WCS computer then calculates the own aircraft position error based on the range and bearing from the TACAN station. The delta is then entered in the same manner as with a radar fix.<br />
<br />
Perform a TACAN fix following these steps:<br />
<br />
# Select a TACAN channel whose latitude and longitude correspond to an update point.<br />
# Hook desired update point (WAYPT 1, FIX PT, HOME BASE, etc.).<br />
# CATEGORY switch - NAV.<br />
# TACAN FIX button - Depress.<br />
# Observe present position delta readout.<br />
# If delta is unsatisfactory, deselect TACAN FIX and repeat steps 2 through 7.<br />
# FIX ENABLE button - Depress.<br />
<br />
===Visual Update===<br />
To perform a visual fix, fly over a restored waypoint and press the VIS FIX button. Estimate your timing, because the aircraft nose and fuselage can obscure the fixed point during an overflight. It is also difficult to estimate when directly overhead a waypoint if the aircraft altitude is greater than 10.000 feet. The delta for the visual fix is displayed on the TID. Enter the delta by pressing FIX ENABLE.<br />
<br />
To perform a visual fix use the following steps:<br />
<br />
# Hook desired update point (WAY PT, HB, IP, etc.).<br />
# Select NAV category on CAP.<br />
# Overfly the selected restored point and when over the point, depress the VIS FIX button on the cap.<br />
# If the delta is not satisfactory, press VIS FIX again to clear the delta and repeat from step 1.<br />
# If a satisfactory delta is displayed, depress the FIX ENABLE button; this causes the delta correction of own-aircraft position to be inserted into the computer.<br />
<br />
===Datalink Update===<br />
To perform a data link update of the aircraft INS to the TDS frame of reference, the aircraft and TDS must share a prebriefed waypoint, identical in latitude and longitude. Enter this LAT/LONG data into the HOST AREA pseudo target file. The TDS will uplink the common reference point as a data link waypoint. When the aircraft and TDS INS systems agree, the data link waypoint and host area symbols will be superimposed on the TID. If they drift apart, the two pseudo targets on the TID will drift as well.<br />
<br />
To perform an update via data link, use the following steps:<br />
<br />
# Hook data link waypoint corresponding prebriefed reference point.<br />
# Select NAV category on CAP.<br />
# Overfly the hooked data link waypoint. When immediately over the point, press VIS FIX button on CAP.<br />
# Observe delta LAT and LONG on TID.<br />
# If deltas are satisfactory and update is desired, depress FIX ENABLE.<br />
# After a data link update, HOST AREA and data link waypoint should be superimposed on the TID again.<br />
<br />
===Fighter-to-Fighter Navigation Update===<br />
Net aircraft that use fighter-to-fighter data link can update their navigation system in the FF/DL mode. To update LAT/LONG hook the net aircraft symbol of an aircraft that is in close proximity and select F/F NAV UPDATE on the CAP. This will enter the hooked aircraft’s coordinates into the INS as own-aircraft coordinates. To update the nav system on an aircraft that is not close, first obtain a radar STT on that aircraft, hook the STT-ed aircraft on the TID and then press F/F NAV UPDATE on the CAP.<br />
<br />
=Defensive Systems=<br />
----<br />
The F-14B is equipped with various defensive systems: the AN/ALE-39 Countermeasure Dispensing System (CMDS), for the release of chaff and flares, the AN/ALQ-126 Deception ECM (DECM), for jamming enemy radar, and the AN/ALR-67 Radar Warning Reciever (RWR), for detection of enemy radar emitters and missile launches.<br />
<br />
==AN/ALR-67 RWR==<br />
[[File:alr-67.png|thumb|400px]]<br />
The AN/ALR-67 Radar Warning Receiver (RWR) provides the Hornet the ability to detect radars via the radio/microwave radiation they emit.<br />
<br />
===Audio Tones===<br />
Accompanying the RWR are various audio feedback tones:<br />
*'''Single Beep:''' A new ground- or sea-based emitter has been detected.<br />
*'''Double Beep:''' A new airborne emitter has been detected.<br />
*'''Repeating Beep:''' An emitter is tracking.<br />
*'''Faster Repeating Beep:''' An emitter is guiding a missile or is a missile.<br />
<br />
<br />
On the RWR gauge, the RWR knob will control the volume of the RWR tones.<br />
<br />
===Emitter Identifiers===<br />
''This list is, at present, not complete.''<br />
{|class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"<br />
!Type<br />
!RWR ID<br />
|-<br />
|U<br />
|Unknown<br />
|-<br />
|M<br />
|Active radar-homing missile<br />
|-<br />
|S<br />
|Search radar<br />
|-<br />
|3<br />
|SA-3 "Goa"<br />
|-<br />
|6<br />
|SA-6 "Gainful"<br />
|-<br />
|8<br />
|SA-8 "Gecko"<br />
|-<br />
|10<br />
|SA-10 "Grumble"<br />
|-<br />
|11<br />
|SA-11 "Gadfly"<br />
|-<br />
|11<br />
|F-111 Aardvark<br />
|-<br />
|12<br />
|SA-12 "Gladiator"<br />
|-<br />
|13<br />
|SA-13 "Gopher"<br />
|-<br />
|13<br />
|C-130 Hercules<br />
|-<br />
|14<br />
|F-14 Tomcat<br />
|-<br />
|15<br />
|F-15 Eagle<br />
|-<br />
|15 <br />
|SA-15 "Gauntlet"<br />
|-<br />
|16<br />
|F-16 Fighting Falcon<br />
|-<br />
|17<br />
|C-17 Globemaster III<br />
|-<br />
|18<br />
|F/A-18 Hornet<br />
|-<br />
|22<br />
|Tu-22 "Blinder"<br />
|-<br />
|23<br />
|MiG-23 "Flogger"<br />
|-<br />
|24<br />
|Su-24 "Fencer"<br />
|-<br />
|25<br />
|MiG-25 "Foxbat"<br />
|-<br />
|29<br />
|MiG-29 "Fulcrum"<br />
|-<br />
|29<br />
|Su-27 "Flanker"<br />
|-<br />
|29<br />
|Su-33 "Flanker-D"<br />
|-<br />
|30<br />
|Su-30 "Flanker-C"<br />
|-<br />
|31<br />
|MiG-31 "Foxhound"<br />
|-<br />
|34<br />
|Su-34 "Fullback"<br />
|-<br />
|39<br />
|Su-25M "Frogfoot"<br />
|-<br />
|40<br />
|''Spruance''-class destroyer<br />
|-<br />
|48<br />
|''Nimitz''-class carrier<br />
|-<br />
|49<br />
|''Oliver Hazard Perry''-class frigate<br />
|-<br />
|50<br />
|A-50 "Mainstay"<br />
|-<br />
|52<br />
|B-52 Stratofortress<br />
|-<br />
|76<br />
|IL-76 "Candid"<br />
|-<br />
|78<br />
|IL-78 "Midas"<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==AN/ALE-39 CMDS==<br />
[[File:f14 cms.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The AN/ALE-39 is the countermeasures dispensing set installed in the F-14B in this simulation. It controls its own set of launchers located between the engine nozzles on the underside of the so-called beaver-tail. The launchers each have two sections, one containing 10 cartridges and the other 20. They are referred to the left and right dispensers even though the left is really the front one and the right the back one with both being mounted inline on the left side of the tailhook. This is a remnant from the earliest model F-14s carrying the AN/ALE-29.<br />
<br />
This all sums up to a capacity of 60 cartridges in the system with each section necessarily holding one type of cartridges meaning that any combination of cartridges is possible as long as each type’s quantity is a multiple of 10. The system itself has no real knowledge of what is loaded where so incorrectly programming the system can lead to the wrong type of cartridge being ejected.<br />
<br />
===Cockpit Controls===<br />
The system itself can be operated manually from the control panel in the RIO pit or the DLC thumbwheel on the pilot stick when the flaps lever is in the up position. It is also capable of running programmed sequences of ejection which in turn can be initiated manually by the RIO from the control panel or the direction hats mounted on the handhold over the DDD. In addition, the AN/ALR-67 can also initiate the chaff ejection program if set up correctly on the AN/ALE-39 control panel.<br />
<br />
==AN/ALQ-126 DECM==<br />
The AN/ALQ-126 deception jammer is designed to detect radar threats, analyze them, select the optimum countermeasure technique available and apply it. Available techniques for jamming are amongst others, main lobe blanking, inverse con-scan, range-gate pull-off and swept square modes. In DCS this is modeled as a simple noise jammer due to engine limitations but controlled by the DECM logic as to when it’s on or off.<br />
<br />
===Cockpit Controls===<br />
The controls for the AN/ALQ-126 DECM are all located on the right horizontal panel in the RIO pit, the panel as the image above. In addition, there are two indication lights co-located with the RWR threat indicators on the right side of the TID. The mode selector knob controls power and operational mode that the system is in. The modes for the DECM are as follows:<br />
<br />
* '''OFF:''' turns off power to the system. STBY begins pre-warming of the system, taking in all-around 5 minutes.<br />
* '''TEST HOLD 3 SEC:''' is used to prepare the system for BIT, after 3 seconds in this mode, turn the knob to TEST - ACT.<br />
* '''TEST ACT:''' starts the BIT in the system. The BIT takes approximately 30 seconds and the RCV light will be illuminated the whole time while the XMIT light will flash twice. If the STANDBY light illuminates it indicates that a no-go condition exists in the system.<br />
* '''REC:''' enables the system to receive the only mode, enabling analyzation of threats and also the threat audio.<br />
* '''RPT:''' enables full system functionality, in addition to REC it also now tries to jam threats according to the selected method.<br />
<br />
=Television Camera Set=<br />
----<br />
[[File:tcs_symbology.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The F-14B is outfitted with the ALQ-100 Television Camera Set (TCS) pod, used for visually identifying aircraft during the time of which IFF was not a trusted/more inferior method to confirming hostile aircraft and to keep track of their position, as well as their living status.<br />
<br />
==Symbology==<br />
On the TID, in non-TV mode, a TCS track is indicated by a 1.5” strobe at TCS LOS azimuth with a hollow circle at the end.<br />
<br />
The symbology on the video feed from the TCS has indicators for the FOV and two crosshairs indicating TCS LOS relative own aircraft, GACH, and AN/AWG-9 radar LOS relative TCS LOS, RACH. Additionally, the track window is indicated by 4 small squares representing each corner of that window.<br />
<br />
The gimbal angle crosshairs or GACH, which is a solid cross, indicate deflection of the TCS LOS from the aircraft datum line, ADL. GACH crosshair in the center indicates TCS LOS along ADL and deflection towards the edges indicate deflection towards the gimbal limits with the video edges being maximum deflection.<br />
<br />
RACH or radar angle crosshairs, a dashed crosshair, indicate radar antenna LOS when inside the current TCS FOV. When the sensors slave to one another RACH and GACH will coincide creating a single solid crosshair.<br />
<br />
The track window indicates the area that the TCS contrast tracker is currently locked on to if it has acquired a target. When not in an active track these squares collapse into the center of the display being 2% of the screen width when in manual mode and 5% when in an auto mode.<br />
<br />
=LANTIRN Targeting Pod=<br />
----<br />
[[File:flir.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The F-14B can carry the AN/AAQ-14 Low Altitude Navigation and Targeting Infrared For Night (LANTIRN) targeting pod. This pod consists of a Forward-Looking Infrared (FLIR) camera (which also includes a digital charged coupled device camera) for target locating and observing, a Laser Target Designator/Ranger for firing a laser that both designates targets for laser-homing weapons and gathers ranging information for designating whatever the FLIR is pointed at as an air-to-ground, and a Laser Spot Tracker (LST) which can search for and track a laser, allowing for the FLIR to be cued onto an offboard (ground or air-designated) laser from another unit and then designate a Target off said point; this allows for most effective buddy-lasing. The targeting pod can be used in both air-to-ground and air-to-air functions, but the LTD/R and LST are only used for A/G operation.<br />
<br />
==Symbology==<br />
The following areas on the LANTIRN are to represent:<br />
# '''A/C Position Data:''' Displays aircraft LAT/LON, altitude, and groundspeed information.<br />
# '''LANTIRN Polarity:''' Displays white or hot background. AGC is for automatic gain control, MGC is for manual gain control.<br />
# '''LANTIRN Information:''' Gives general information on the pod. SR is for slant range, AZ/EL for azimuth/elevation of sight, and rest is UTC time.<br />
# '''LANTIRN Track Mode:''' Displays the current tracking mode. A/A is for air-to-air, A/G is for air-to-ground. Right side is for current selected weapon.<br />
# '''Track Data:''' Displays information of LAT/LON and altitude of where the sight is at.<br />
# '''Track:''' Displays the hairs for point and area track, and what the sight is directly pointed at.<br />
# '''Launch Envelopes:''' The top tape is for the heading relative of the aircraft to the track. The right side tape is for the release point.<br />
<br />
=TARPS Pod=<br />
----<br />
Not yet implemented.<br />
<br />
=Air-to-Air Radar=<br />
----<br />
==Detail Data Display==<br />
[[File:f14 ddd.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
Among the 3 digital displays, the Detail Data Display gives the RIO information about contacts from the AWG-9 radar in terms of range and radar mode, with respect to the notch filter.<br />
<br />
===Notch Filter===<br />
The AWG-9 radar in the F-14B Tomcat has a notch filter when using the pulse-doppler radar modes under certain conditions. These conditions include, but are not limited to:<br />
<br />
* ~100 knot difference of the aircraft relative to contact<br />
* Contact flying 90 degrees perpendicular CW/CCW to aircraft<br />
* Masking with ground terrain scan return<br />
<br />
<br />
There is a rough line shown in the radar modes, likewise of the jamming lobe, for when considering the notch filter that the contact will disappear from.<br />
<br />
==Tactical Information Display==<br />
[[File:f14 tid.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The Tactical Information Display (TID) gives the RIO of the F-14B the main information on the AWG-9 radar, including situational awareness, range, altitude, and contact heading.<br />
<br />
===Display Modes===<br />
The TID comes with a total of 8 display modes available, that can be toggled either on or off for purposes of gathering more information or decluttering:<br />
<br />
* '''RID DISABLE:''' ? needs more info. Not yet implemented.<br />
* '''ALT NUM:''' Displays the altitude of contact with a singular digit rounded to the nearest thousand.<br />
* '''SYM ELEM:''' Displays the symbology of contacts corresponding to HAFU.<br />
* '''DATA LINK:''' Displays contacts from the datalink frequency.<br />
* '''JAM STROBE:''' Displays the jamming strobes. Not yet implemented.<br />
* '''NON-ATTK:''' Displays determined (manual IFF or datalink) HAFU of friendly contacts.<br />
* '''VEL VECTOR:''' Displays the velocity vectors of contacts.<br />
* '''LAUNCH ZONE:''' Displays contact approximate missile launch zones.<br />
<br />
==AN/AWG-9 Radar==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat is equipped with the AN/AWG-9 all-weather and pulse-doppler radar. It is a very long-range radar used for the main purpose of intercept.<br />
<br />
===Radar Modes===<br />
The AWG-9 in the F-14B comes with 2 types of radar modes: doppler and pulse-doppler search. Of those two, subsets are able to be observed as 5 in this list:<br />
<br />
* '''PD SRCH:''' Pulse-Doppler Search mode. No bias factor of the radar, but impedes to pulse-doppler methods.<br />
* '''PD STT:''' Pulse-Doppler Single Target Track mode. By default upon acquiring a lock with the AWG-9, the radar will move to this function mode. It is currently suspectable to the notch filter.<br />
* '''RWS:''' Range While Search mode. The radar will prioritize the range of targets but not other factors. Falls under pulse-doppler.<br />
* '''TWS MAN:''' Track While Scan - Manual mode. The radar will prioritize the situational awareness of other targets but not give information on every target. The radar will also prioritize targets by threat importance.<br />
* '''TWS AUTO:''' Track While Scan - Auto mode. The radar will perform the same as TWS Man, but the elevation and azimuth controls will be automated in the process for an optimal scan.<br />
* '''PULSE SRCH:''' Pulse Search mode. No bias factor of the radar and can not be impeded to the notch filter, unlike the pulse-doppler method. The radar will, however, output a return of everything that is scanned and requires tuning.<br />
* '''PULSE STT:''' Pulse Single Target Track mode. Performing similarly to Pulse Search mode, this function mode applies to only a single target and is not suspectable to the notch filter.<br />
<br />
====Pulse-Doppler Search Mode====<br />
[[File:f14 pulsedoppler.png|thumb|350px]]<br />
The pulse-doppler search mode is used mainly as a kind of early warning mode. It is the search mode with the greatest detection range but it can display no range to the RIO, only closure rate. For this reason, the TID can display no track information.<br />
<br />
====Pulse-Doppler STT Mode====<br />
[[File:f14 pdstt.png|thumb|350px]]<br />
The pulse-doppler STT works and looks much like the pulse STT mode. It does, however, have the same advantages and disadvantages compared to pulse STT as the other pulse-doppler modes compared to the pulse modes. This means that while much better at tracking a target close to the ground it is however vulnerable to notching.<br />
<br />
The DDD display for pulse-doppler STT looks like pulse STT display except that the target return and antenna azimuth display are moved to the left side of the screen and a generated synthetic target marker is displayed at the correct azimuth instead. This is so that the targets range can be displayed by the synthetic target, unlike the other pulse-doppler modes which only shows closure rate. The other symbology on the DDD in this mode are the same as in pulse STT.<br />
<br />
====Range While Search Mode====<br />
In range while search, a frequency measuring ranging mode is added (FM ranging) to allow the radar to measure the range of tracked targets in addition to closure rate. This additional processing does, however, mean that the effective range of the radar is somewhat lesser. The display on the DDD is the same as in pulse-doppler search, the TID however also shows tracks in this mode showing the targets as tracks momentarily as they’re scanned and displaying their position and altitude. <br />
<br />
The targets are shown for a maximum of two seconds or until the antenna again scans the same bar at the same azimuth at which time it is removed unless detected again. The maximum number of concurrently shown tracks are 48.<br />
<br />
====TWS Manual Mode====<br />
The track, while scan mode uses the same FM ranging as RWS with the same reduction in range compared to pulse-doppler search and the DDD display, is also the same. The main difference that the computer establishes track files and tracks up to 24 targets concurrently of which 18 can be shown on the TID at any given time.<br />
<br />
As the computer routine calculating these tracks need a set track refresh time of 2 seconds this limits available azimuth scan area and bar settings to either 20° 4 bars or 40° 2 bars. When entering TWS the computer automatically selects the ±20° 4 bar scan disregarding the RIO set scan volumes unless those are set to ±40° 2 bars in which case that is used instead.<br />
<br />
The TWS mode is also the only mode enabling guidance of the AIM-54 at multiple targets (up to six), and as soon as engageable targets are detected the computer starts assigning them a missile priority number according to optimal missile firing sequence.<br />
<br />
====TWS Auto Mode====<br />
Performing similarly to TWS Man mode, what differs between the two is that in TWS auto the computer takes control of used scan volume and scan pattern azimuth and elevation as soon as target tracks are present. The WCS computer automatically tries to optimize the scan volume and direction so that tracking of the prioritized targets is maximized. If not selected before launch the WCS overrides as soon as the first AIM-54 is launched and selects TWS Auto.<br />
<br />
====Pulse Search Mode====<br />
[[File:f14 pulse.png|thumb|350px]]<br />
Pulse search is used to search for and find airborne targets at range. It is possible to use this radar mode as a basic ground mapper as well which can be useful for navigation and navigational fixes and can also be used in a pinch to detect larger surface targets like ships. Keep in mind though that the radar is not built with this as its main function and that a real air-to-ground radar will outperform it handily.<br />
<br />
In this mode, the radar cannot by itself differentiate targets and generate tracks meaning that the WCS will not generate track files and display anything on the TID. This also means that pulse search is not capable of guiding missiles.<br />
<br />
====Pulse STT Mode====<br />
[[File:f14 pstt.png|thumb|350px]]<br />
Pulse STT is used to track a single target, like pulse search mode it is not susceptible to notching but it is to ground clutter. The fact that the STT modes use gates to track the target, in this case, range gates, means that it is less susceptible to ground clutter but a target close enough to the ground that the ground return enters the range gates would be likely to shake the lock.<br />
<br />
As it is only in the pulse-doppler modes that the missile guidance commands can be sent pulse STT is limited to launching AIM-7s in CW mode and AIM-54s in an active launch mode limiting their ranges. At short ranges, ACM ranges, it is possible to use the ASPECT switch to set what aspect of the target to track, this is just to counter different types of countermeasures. As an example, if set to NOSE the radar will be less susceptible to chaff as the radar weights its track towards the targets leading-edge (nose) away from the chaff being launched behind the target.<br />
<br />
A successful track is indicated by the ANT TRK and RDROT indicator lights on the DDD, meaning that the antenna is tracking the target and that the target is within the range gates. If the target is jamming with sufficient strength, negating a range track, the radar will transition to a jam angle track instead, indicated by the JAT indicator light on the DDD illuminating instead of the RDROT. When range tracking is again possible at closer ranges the radar will transition to that instead.<br />
<br />
The DDD in this mode will be similar to the pulse search mode but the antenna will be locked onto the target and not scan. Additionally, the DDD will show the range gates around the target, a closing rate symbol at the right scale and applicable attack symbology if a valid missile is selected.<br />
<br />
===Anti-Jamming Modes===<br />
Not yet implemented.<br />
<br />
===AN/APX-76 IFF Interrogator===<br />
The AN/APX-76 IFF (Identification Friend or Foe) interrogator is integrated into the AN/AWG-9 operation. Then interrogator antenna itself is located on the AN/AWG-9 antenna gimbal platform. An IFF system works by sending out an interrogation pulse and then listening for returns from cooperating transponders. In addition to the unencrypted civilian mode the AN/APX-76 is capable of interrogating in the encrypted military mode 4. This ensures that targets replying to mode 4 interrogations are indeed friendly. The AN/APX-76 can be used both in search radar modes and in STT radar modes. To enable interrogation the IFF switch is depressed on the Detail Data Display Panel which then activates the interrogator for as long as the button is held up to 10 seconds max.<br />
<br />
When enabled IFF received IFF returns are then overlaid on the normal AN/AWG-9 radar returns on the DDD. A friendly target will be indicated with two bars, one above and one below the normal radar return. As the AN/APX-76 is a separate radar, secondary mode, radar apart from the AWG-9 the IFF can sometimes also detect targets not detected by the AWG-9. In this case the IFF return will not have a radar echo inside it. In the search mode this is overlaid over each target replying and in STT over the STT target. Additionally, if the STT target is hooked on the TID the DDD will switch from normal range display to a ±10 NM display to enable display of multiple returns in case of closely grouped targets.<br />
<br />
==HAFU/Datalink==<br />
[[File:HAFU.png|right|80px]]<br />
Hostile, Ambiguous, Friendly or Unknown (HAFU) is a symbology system used by the F/A-18 to represent trackfiles; specifically, to show its status as a friendly or hostile. It is usually what trackfiles are displayed as across the software.<br />
<br />
There are four HAFU symbols:<br />
*'''Triangle:''' Hostile (red when colored)<br />
*'''Thick Staple:''' Ambiguous (yellow when colored)<br />
*'''Half-Circle:''' Friendly (green when colored)<br />
*'''Thin Staple:''' Unknown (yellow when colored)<br />
<br />
<br />
All types except ambiguous can be manually assigned via the [[#SA Format|Situational Awareness]] format. Tracks will also be automatically identified as explained below.<br />
<br />
A hostile HAFU will be assigned whenever:<br />
* A negative IFF response is returned, and<br />
** An NCTR print returns with an aircraft type that is on the hostile coalition; or<br />
** A SURV (surveillance, like an AWACS) source over datalink also marks it hostile; or<br />
** A F/F (fighter-fighter, like another F/A-18) source over datalink also marks it hostile.<br />
<br />
<br />
An ambiguous HAFU will be assigned when the aircraft and a donor have conflicting identifications (friendly and hostile).<br />
<br />
A friendly HAFU will be assigned whenever an IFF interrogation returns as friendly or the track itself is contributed to by the Precise Participant Location and Identification (PPLI) system.<br />
<br />
An unknown HAFU will be assigned by default until it is updated by meeting one of the requirements above.<br />
<br />
=Air-to-Air Weapons=<br />
----<br />
This area will cover over all the different air-to-air weapons brought with the F-14B Tomcat.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Air Gun==<br />
[[File:f14 gun aa.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
''Using Real-Time mode.''<br />
<br />
The F-14 Tomcat is outfitted with the M61A1 Vulcan 6-barreled Gatling cannon, being able to hold up a maximum of 675 rounds internally.<br />
<br />
===Gun Rates===<br />
The cannon offers 2 modes of combat in the F-14B: <br />
<br />
* '''LOW:''' mode which slows down the muzzle rate, used for Air-to-Ground.<br />
* '''HIGH:''' mode which is to be used for Basic Fighter Maneuvering. (BFM)<br />
<br />
===Gun Modes===<br />
The cannon for Air-to-Air mode is able to be placed into 2 following positions:<br />
<br />
* '''Manual:''' this mode is able to be selected by depressing the CAGE/SEAM button, which will then only display the pipper and ammo count.<br />
* '''Real-Time:''' this mode is the regular, default mode. Along with a radar lock, the pipper will calculate to be accurate when directed to the diamond contact box. This will also give a closure rate towards the contact and the range relative to the aircraft.<br />
<br />
===Symbology===<br />
<br />
The symbology for the cannon is displayed on the HUD with the weapon master selector in the GUN position, and display in A/A. By default, the gun rounds indicator will be displayed as 0 for rounds per 100. Located next to the display panel to the right is the gun ammo counter. Additionally, the gunsight elevation is also able to be adjusted underneath the steer commands on the display panel.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Air Missiles==<br />
===Missile Preparation===<br />
Missile preparation in the F-14B Tomcat is started by moving the master arm switch on the ACM panel underneath the HUD to ON. This is then followed by pressing the MSL PREP and SW COOL buttons to be ON, depending on the armament type.<br />
<br />
===AIM-54 Phoenix===<br />
The AIM-54 is a long-range, semi-active radar missile for Air-to-Air use. The F-14 was the only aircraft to carry it in service and was used to take down Soviet bombers. However, it is able to be used on fighters as well. The AIM-54 comes with a proximity fuse and missile gate suite for non-direct contact explosions and radar tracking methods. <br />
<br />
Upon the launch of the missile, active input from the AN/AWG-9 radar is used to guide itself towards the contact. When reaching pitbull range (~20 nmi.) the missile will then use the radar in itself and steer until impact. <br />
<br />
The time until impact will be calculated during the whole flight of the missile after the launch sequence on the TID as a seconds counter next to the contact.<br />
<br />
====Missile Variants====<br />
The AIM-54 for the F-14 in DCS is not only just 1 variant but 2 provided for the aircraft:<br />
<br />
* '''AIM-54A Mk.60:''' The A variant Mk.60 is a specific version of the AIM-54 Phoenix which utilizes burn time and speed over agility and smoke. The Mk.60 is able to be fired from at most ~100 nmi. under optimal conditions, factoring altitude, kinetic airspeed, contact airspeed, and altitude. The recommended firing distance of the variant, however, is ~45 nmi.<br />
* '''AIM-54C Mk.47:''' The C variant Mk.47 is a later upgrade to the missile that utilizes agility and smoke over burn time and speed. While the C variant provides a no-smoke solution, it lacks the favoring of speed and distance. Under optimal conditions similar to the A, this missile variant is best at ~60 nmi. The recommended distance to contact for firing is ~30 nmi.<br />
<br />
====Launch Modes====<br />
The main seeker in the AIM-54 is able to be fired through 3 launch modes in according:<br />
<br />
# '''Semi-active Radar Homing (SARH):''' In the first stage of the AIM-54 engagement, the missile is guided semi-actively by the AN/AWG-9 radar using both guidance commands transmitted via the radar and radar energy reflected off the target. Then when the missile is within range of its seeker’s ARH mode the AN/AWG-9 commands the missile to switch to ARH. In pulse doppler STT the AIM-54 uses SARH all the way to the target receiving guidance commands at a greater rate than in TWS and also continuous spotlighting of the target because of the STT mode being used. This increases the effective range of the AIM-54 seeker slightly.<br />
# '''Active Radar Homing (ARH):''' This tells the WCS to immediately command the AIM-54 to go active in the first guidance command after launch. If launched at a target within 6 NM if in the targets rear hemisphere or 10 NM miles if in its forward hemisphere the WCS will also automatically command this mode instead of a SARH mode. If the target is not detected actively by the seeker it will still fall back to SARH until the seeker can acquire on its own like in the two SARH modes.<br />
# '''ACM Active:''' The missile is commanded active before launch making this the only mode where the missile is truly fire and forget. The AIM-54 missile receives the active message before launching from the WCS in addition to a command prepositioning the seeker-head to have it look at the current WCS track if available.<br />
<br />
Additionally, the AIM-54 has an unofficial method of launching the missile:<br />
* '''Mad-dogging:''' A method that uses the aircraft relative to their contact altitude and airspeed and firing the AIM-54 in the direction, which will force it to become semi-active within the pitbull range.<br />
<br />
====HUD Symbology====<br />
[[File:f14 aim54 hud.png|thumb|400px]]<br />
The pilot will receive standard symbology of the AIM-54 missile selected when the display is in A/A mode. Similar to the GUNS format, displayed on the HUD will be the weapon type denoted in 2 letters, and the number of missiles. Additionally, any more advanced symbology will occur by lock, which is required at first to fire the missile without "mad-dogging."<br />
<br />
===AIM-7 Sparrow===<br />
The AIM-7 Sparrow is an active-radar guided missile for Air-to-Air employment. This missile requires an active radar lock to a contact in order to guide itself for impact. The benefit of this missile is that it is able to lose trackoing guidance if the aircraft breaks the lock on a friendly contact, as well as being able to be used in a mixed scenario.<br />
<br />
The maximum range of the Sparrow under optimal conditions as the Phoenix is ~25 nmi. The recommended distance, however, is roughly ~10 nmi.<br />
<br />
===AIM-9 Sidewinder===<br />
The AIM-9 Sidewinder is an IR-guided missile that self tracks based off of thermal energy (heat) of an aircraft. This missile should be used for close quarters range, where agility and speed are a high priority. The benefit of this missile is how quickly it can turn onto a contact. However, a con to this can be "sun-aiming," where the missile follows a contact that flies directly to the sun and immediately flanks out of the sensor sight of the Sidewinder.<br />
<br />
The maximum range on this missile is ~10 nmi., but recommended range is within ~5 nmi. under optimal conditions.<br />
<br />
=Air-to-Ground Weapons=<br />
----<br />
The F-14B Tomcat comes with a variety of air-to-ground weapons after the upgrade to the Bombcat.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Ground Gun==<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Ground Bombs==<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
===Mk-20/81/82/83/84 GPB===<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
===GBU-12/14/16 LGB===<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
===BDU-33 Training Bomb===<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
===ADM-141 TALD===<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Ground Rockets==<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
=Resources=<br />
----<br />
==Manuals & Documents==<br />
* [https://info.publicintelligence.net/F14AAP-1B.pdf F-14B NATOPS Pocket Checklist]<br />
* [http://www.heatblur.se/F-14Manual/ Heatblur F-14 Manual]<br />
<br />
==Heatblur's Videos==<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q1o7E9pb95Y Episode 1: Overview]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OO3IdQjAdDA Episode 2: Pilot's Cockpit Walkaround]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ws1GxPG2ZXw Episode 3: Cold And Dark (Full Startup)]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kgpGO7fj4oU Episode 4: The RIO's Office]<br />
<br />
==Jabbers' Tutorial Videos==<br />
(They're good!)<br />
<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2qwlJs__iYk Pilot - Startup/Taxi/Takeoff with JESTER AI]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b5opjCygZug Pilot - Maneuvering and Flight Characteristics]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f4y2oZ-7rM8 Pilot - Air-to-Air Refueling]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ujk4hL_EnUc Pilot - ACM - Radar Acquisition Modes]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wftck0C3fJ8 Pilot - Weapons - Zuni Rockets with JESTER AI]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4m-Q02gxFEA Pilot - Weapons - AIM-9 Sidewinder]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SWeHtpJ00JI RIO - Startup]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r4-Dd4ss2Rc RIO - AWG-9 Radar]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YG7sWweg2RQ RIO - IFF Interrogation]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2q-bHFyTEr8 Overview - AIM-54C Mk.47 Phoenix - Tacview Debrief]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PyAQpqVhtBY Overview - AIM-54A Mk.60 Phoenix - Tacview Debrief]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4groy-_Bxfk Quick Tips - AIM-54 Phoenix]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Is3AtOX-abw Quick Tips - Bombing]</div>Siriushttps://wiki.hoggitworld.com/index.php?title=F-14A/B&diff=10606F-14A/B2019-09-07T04:20:25Z<p>Sirius: /* Air-to-Air Missiles */</p>
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<br />
''Credits to Jak for having the [[F/A-18C]] page serve as a guide and filler content on related systems.''<br />
<br />
The Grumman '''F-14A/B''' Tomcat is a two-seat, twin-engine supersonic variable wing-sweep fighter aircraft. The F-14 was the first US fighter jet with twin tails and was the largest & heaviest US fighter to ever fly from an aircraft carrier. The reason that the F-14 was so incredibly large and heavy was that it carried the large AWG-9 radar and accompanying AIM-54 Phoenix (air-to-air) missiles: this very capable combination allowed the F-14 to make shots of up to 200 nautical miles at the bad guys. Also, being big means you can carry a lot of fuel!<br />
<br />
Of course, the practical range of the AWG-9 is rather more limited, especially if you are shooting at more maneuverable fighter-sized targets, but even at these closer ranges, the AIM-54 Phoenix is still a capable missile that should not be underestimated. The F-14 is also capable of carrying an array of air-to-ground weapons, such as dumb bombs in both high and low drag forms, air-to-ground Zuni rockets and even laser-guided bombs, which can be self-designated using the LANTIRN targeting pod on the F-14.<br />
<br />
Most people will recognize and adore the F-14 because of its stardom presence in that one weird volleyball movie from the '80s. Its on-screen presence in movies will make the F-14 to appear docile and easy to fly, but due to lack of a fly-by-wire the F-14 can be a real handful: it being a pilot's aircraft however makes it fun to fly and learn. The analogous nature of the F-14 (comparable to the F-5E II Tigershark) will give you a good knowledge of the airplane over time but requires a bit of a different mindset that the computerized flight of the F/A-18C and the F-15.<br />
<br />
__TOC__<br />
<br />
=Weapons List=<br />
----<br />
==Implemented==<br />
Partially or fully implemented weapons of the F14/A/B Tomcat:<br />
* M61 Vulcan Six-Barreled Gatling Gun<br />
* AIM-7M/F Sparrow<br />
* CAP/AIM-9M Sidewinder<br />
* AIM-54A Phoenix Mk. 60<br />
* AIM-54C Phoenix Mk. 47<br />
* Mk-81, 82, 83, and 84 <br />
* GBU-10, 12, 16, and 24 <br />
* MK-20 Rockeye<br />
* Zuni Rockets<br />
* BDU-33 Practice Bombs<br />
* ADM-141 TALD<br />
* LUU-2 Parachute Flare<br />
* Smokewinder<br />
* LANTIRN Pod<br />
* FPU-1 Fuel Tank<br />
<br />
==Planned==<br />
Weapons not yet implemented into the Tomcat:<br />
* TARPS Pod<br />
<br />
=Hands On Throttle And Stick (HOTAS)=<br />
----<br />
==Throttle==<br />
[[File:throttle.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The throttle of the F-14 Tomcat consists of 2 quadrants, both for the left and right engines. There is an afterburner detent along with a cutoff detent for maximum throttle and shutdown of the engine for each quadrant.<br />
<br />
The throttle has the following controls:<br />
# '''Speed Brake Switch:''' 2-position switch. "EXT" is a momentary and needed input position that extends the speed brake outward depending on the aircraft speed.<br />
# '''Wing Sweep Switch:''' 4-way hat switch. "AUTO" sets the wing to sweep automatically determined by an onboard computer, "BOMB" sets the wing to sweep in an angled position between fully extended and retracted and dependent on speed for the air-to-ground bombing.<br />
# '''PLM Button:''' multifunction button. When the steering command is in A2A mode, this acts as a pilot lock-on tool for the AWG-9 radar. But when used for landing and/or in the LDG steering command mode, this allows for disengagement of the ACLS.<br />
# '''CAGE/SEAM Button:''' multifunction button. When the steering command is in A2A mode, this allows for CAGE/SEAM lock-on of the AIM-9 Sidewinder. But when used for landing and/or in the LDG steering command mode, this allows for disengagement of the APC.<br />
# '''Exterior Light Switch:''' 2-position switch. Used to toggle the exterior lights of the aircraft.<br />
# '''ICS PTT Switch:''' 2-position switch. Acts as a push-to-talk system for the ICS system inside of the aircraft used between the Pilot and RIO. (or JESTER AI)<br />
<br />
==Control Stick==<br />
[[File:stick.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The control stick is located in the center of the cockpit, mounted onto the floor. Left and right movements of the control stick direct hydraulic movement to the spoilers and horizontal stabilizers of the aircraft. Forward and backward movement result to respectively the same but to the horizontal stabilizers.<br />
<br />
The control stick has the following controls:<br />
# '''Bomb Release Button:''' single-purpose button. When pressed in A2G steering command mode, all pylons selected with bombs will release respective of the ripple settings, type, and interval.<br />
# '''Trim Hat:''' 4-way hat switch. Upward movement moves the aircraft downward, and downward movement moves the aircraft upward. Both left and right movements follow to their directions according to their name.<br />
# '''Weapon Select Hat:''' 4-way hat switch. Bottom selection is OFF, and a ridge requires a momentary push action to move in/out of to GUN. Following all to the top are SW, then SP/PH which requires a momentary push action to switch between.<br />
# '''DLC & Maneuver Flap Command Wheel:''' scrollable dial. Moving it with the landing gears fully deployed acts as a variable control for spoiler extension. With the landing gears up, the dial also acts the same but for flaps and slats.<br />
# '''DLC Engage/Disengage & CMS Dispense Button:''' multifunction button. When pressed with the landing gears fully deployed, this controls the engagement and disengagement of the DLC system. But with the landing gears fully retracted, this allows for pilot control of the CMS system.<br />
# '''Autopilot Reference & NWS Button:''' multifunction button. When the aircraft is up in the air, this controls specific autopilot settings. But when the aircraft is on the ground, this controls the activation of the nosewheel steering system.<br />
# '''Autopilot Emergency Disengage Paddle:''' multifunction button. Disengages all autopilot modes and DLC and releases all autopilot switches and roll and pitch SAS switches to OFF position.<br />
# '''Weapon Firing Trigger:''' two-stage trigger switch. The first detent enables CTVS and gun camera. Second detent releases selected forwards firing the weapon.<br />
<br />
=Flight Controls & Landing Gear=<br />
----<br />
==Flight Controls==<br />
[[File:Wheels-flaps.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The F-14B has a large hydraulic system which covers for all of the control surfaces of the aircraft. Without the hydraulic system, or taking damage the controls are in risk of improperly working. The F-14 Tomcat was the last of its generation to have no integration of an FBW or FCS system, which was introduced with the F-15 Eagle.<br />
<br />
The F-14's primary flight controls are:<br />
* '''Left Spoilers (LES):''' A set of spoilers that lie within the left wing of the aircraft that help with aileron movement and control that react opposite of the intended direction.<br />
* '''Right Spoilers (RES):''' A set of spoilers that lie within the right wing of the aircraft that help with aileron movement and control that react opposite of the intended direction.<br />
* '''Tailerons (TAIL):''' Two horizontal stabilizers located on the rear end of the aircraft that control both pitch and aileron movement.<br />
* '''Leading Edge Flaps (LEF):''' Normal slats located on the leading (front) edge of the wings to add lift.<br />
* '''Trailing Edge Flaps (TEF):''' Normal flaps located on the trailing (back) edge of the wings to add lift.<br />
<br />
<br />
The control stick controls the stabilators, ailerons, and rudder and the rudder pedals control the rudder.<br />
<br />
===Flaps System===<br />
The aircraft's flap system provides more lift (and as a byproduct, drag). The flaps lever has two positions:<br />
* '''NONE:''' This applies no flap whatsoever to the wings of the aircraft.<br />
* '''FULL:''' This applies full movement of flaps to the wings of the aircraft.<br />
<br />
<br />
The flaps lever allows for variable movement, which gives the pilot the ability to control the amount of flap they wish for.<br />
<br />
===Speed Brake===<br />
The speed brake is a flap located on the end of the aircraft designed to provide drag to decelerate faster. It is activated via the speed brake switch on the throttle. The two positions are:<br />
* '''EXT:''' When the switch is moved aft, this extends the speed brake of the aircraft out depending on the airspeed.<br />
* '''RET:''' When the switch is moved forward, this retracts the speed brake.<br />
<br />
===Trim===<br />
The tailerons are capable of being trimmed to make roll and pitch corrections. This is accomplished with the trim hat on the controls stick. When the autopilot system is engaged, the onboard computer will attempt to make active trim movements in order to keep the aircraft within the specified attitude when set, along of the setting parameters. As speed is either gained or lost, the trim will actively move the stick as well along of the tailerons to adapt.<br />
<br />
===Wing Sweep===<br />
The wings of the aircraft are a variable-sweep design allowing for automatic or manual movements from pilot input on the right throttle quadrant. Similar to wing fold, the wings are able to be overswept from its maximum position through a master reset of the system in order to allow tighter space and closer parking on the carrier deck.<br />
<br />
==Landing Gear==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat has 3 retractable landing gears: the nose gear, the left gear, and the right gear. The gear is moved via the gear lever on the left side of the cockpit. In the up position, the gear will retract. In the down position, the gear will extend. The gear lever cannot be put up with weight on wheels. The gear will not retract with the launch bar extended.<br />
<br />
===Nosewheel Steering===<br />
The nose gear features nosewheel steering (NWS) controlled by the rudder pedals. With the weight off of the wheels, it is disengaged. It automatically engages upon there being the weight on wheels. NWS is disengaged manually via the button on the stick.<br />
<br />
===Launch Bar===<br />
On the front nosegear is a launch bar that attaches the airplane to a catapult from launches from an aircraft carrier. Its deployment is pilot-controlled, but it is connected to the catapult by the ground crew (DCS default binding is U).<br />
<br />
It is controlled via the launch bar switch on the left upper console. When the switch in the RETRACT position, the launch bar will retract, but physically cannot do so when connected to the catapult. The switch will move to the RETRACT position automatically when there is a weight off wheels. In the EXTEND position, the launch bar will extend if there is the weight on wheels.<br />
<br />
=Autopilot and Autothrottle=<br />
----<br />
The F-14 Tomcat has the ability to automate certain types of flight via its Automatic Flight Control System (AFCS) and Automatic Throttle Control (ATC). The AFCS, or simply the autopilot, control the flight surfaces and the ATC controls the throttles.<br />
<br />
==AFCS==<br />
[[File:afcs.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The Automatic Flight Control System (AFCS), or just the "autopilot", controls the aircraft's flight controls to automate maneuvering. It is interfaced on the autopilot panel via the A/P engage switch. On the autopilot panel, there are 7 modes able to be toggled:<br />
# '''Pitch Stabilizer Augmentation:''' 2-position switch. This switch controls the ability for the pitch to be augmented for dampening.<br />
# '''Roll Stabilizer Augmentation:''' 2-position switch. This switch controls the ability for the roll to be augmented for dampening.<br />
# '''Yaw Stabilizer Augmentation:''' 2-position switch. This switch controls the ability for the yaw to be augmented for dampening.<br />
# '''VEC/PCD/ACL Switch:''' 3-position switch. This switch controls the remote control modes of autopilot with the steering bars and ACLS.<br />
# '''ALT Switch:''' 2-position switch.' This switch controls the ability to maintain the current altitude when autopilot is engaged.<br />
# '''HDG/GT Switch:''' 3-position switch. This switch controls the ability to maintain the current heading when autopilot is engaged.<br />
# '''ENGAGE Switch:''' 2-position switch. This switch engages and disengages the autopilot.<br />
<br />
==ATC==<br />
The automatic throttle control (ATC), or just "autothrottle", controls the physical throttles and thereby automated thrust control. ATC is toggled via ATC engage/disengage switch next to the throttle. When the ATC is engaged, the physical means of the throttle quadrants will begin to move on their own. However, whenever the pilot makes any new movement to the throttle whatsoever, the ATC will disengage to allow pilot control over both of the engines. The ATC is primarily used for landing on a carrier along of the ACLS system.<br />
<br />
=Digital Systems Overview=<br />
----<br />
[[File:displays.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
==Pilot==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat comes with 2 digital display screens in the Pilot cockpit:<br />
* '''Vertical Display Indicator (VDI):''' a multifunction display that allows for the pilot to see their HUD in a form of a repeater, and the [[#Television Camera Set|TCS]].<br />
* '''Horizontal Situation Display Indicator (HSD):''' a multifunction display that allows for the pilot to see their virtual compass for navigation modes, and the [[#AWG-9 Pulse-Doppler Radar|AWG-9 Radar]] from the RIO TID as a repeater.<br />
<br />
===Heads Up Display===<br />
The head-up display (HUD) is a projected display at the front of the cockpit that serves as the primary flight instrument. It also provides various indications for weapon delivery; this section will cover the HUD's indications in NAV master mode. Master mode/weapon-specific indications on the HUD will be covered in the relevant section.<br />
<br />
====Reject Modes====<br />
Via the switches next to the TO button on the displays panel, you are able to "declutter" or remove information off of the HUD.<br />
<br />
==Radar Intercept Officer==<br />
The Radar Intercept Officer (RIO) comes with 3 digital display screens in the RIO cockpit:<br />
* '''Detail Data Display (DDD):''' a dual-purpose display that allows for the RIO to see contacts on the [[#AWG-9 Pulse-Doppler Radar|radar]], based on the range and radar mode.<br />
* '''Tactical Information Display (TID):''' a multi-purpose display that allows for the RIO to see their [[#AWG-9 Pulse-Doppler Radar|AWG-9]] situational awareness, [[#Television Camera Set|TCS]], [[#TARPS Pod|TARPS]] and [[#LANTIRN Targeting Pod|LANTIRN]] pods.<br />
* '''Horizontal Situation Display Indicator (HSD):''' a multi-purpose display as to the one in the pilot cockpit.<br />
<br />
==Master Modes==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat has 5 primarily modes for information displayed. The 5 master modes are:<br />
* '''TO:''' switch. Displays takeoff information on HUD and VDI for degrees.<br />
* '''CRUISE:''' single-purpose button. Displays in-air flight information on HUD and VDI for degrees.<br />
* '''A/A:''' single-purpose button. Displays air-to-air information on HUD and VDI for degrees; and weapon employment.<br />
* '''A/G:''' single-purpose button. Displays air-to-ground information on HUD and VDI for degrees; and weapon employment.<br />
* '''LDG:''' single-purpose button. Displays landing information on HUD and VDI for degrees.<br />
<br />
<br />
Additionally, the F-14 Tomcat has an Air Combat Maneuver (ACM) panel which controls all air-to-air and air-to-ground aspects for armament.<br />
<br />
=Navigation=<br />
----<br />
The F-14 Tomcat has an inertial navigation system (INS) that allows the pilot to navigate by internal gyros aligned. However, due to the fault of having no GPS assistance, these gyros slowly drift over time and cause misalignment for visual information.<br />
<br />
==HSD==<br />
[[File:Hsd.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The Horizontal Situation Display Indicator (HSD) is the primary interface with the airplane's navigation systems. The HSI can be accessed from the bottom display screen. The basic function of the HSI is a rotating compass with a looking-from-above perspective. The controls for this screen are:<br />
# '''BRT Control:''' dial. Controls the brightness of the HSD screen.<br />
# '''HDG Control:''' dial. Controls the heading reference in TACAN mode.<br />
# '''CRS Control:''' dial. Controls the course heading reference in MAN and TACAN modes.<br />
# '''Test Button:''' single-purpose button. Resets the HSD screen if overload protection activates.<br />
# '''BIT Indicator:''' light. Shows a white light if a failure produces in the HSD.<br />
<br />
=== Steering Commands ===<br />
The HSD comes with a set of 5 different steering commands, which each have their own purpose towards displaying certain information:<br />
* '''TACAN:''' single-purpose button. Displays information based off of a radio beacon with range and direction.<br />
* '''DEST:''' single-purpose button. Displays information off of a selected waypoint from the RIO with range and direction.<br />
* '''AWL/PCD:''' single-purpose button. Displays information off of an ICLS frequency with azimuth and elevation bars (on VDI and HUD)<br />
* '''VEC:''' single-purpose button. ? (needs more info.)<br />
* '''MAN:''' single-purpose button. Displays information off of an entered heading (HDG Control) with direction.<br />
<br />
==Waypoints==<br />
The F-14B comes with an onboard flight computer system that handles waypoint navigation during in-air flight. The navigation system in the F-14B Tomcat gives a variety of waypoint holders, along with information for a set home plate.<br />
<br />
===Pilot===<br />
For the F-14B pilot, the waypoint information is able to be accessed by the DEST steering command and by using the NAV HSD display mode.<br />
<br />
===Radar Intercept Officer===<br />
For the F-14B Radar Intercept Officer, (RIO) the waypoints must be manually assigned by the RIO through the Computer Address Panel (CAP) system under the TAC DATA category. Once done, the waypoint must be selected through the CAP and entered in with coordinates similar to how INS alignment procedures are done.<br />
<br />
==TACAN==<br />
Tactical Air Navigation (TACAN) is a military radio navigation system. A TACAN beacon allows for an aircraft to determine its bearing and range from it, and using this information can navigate. TACAN's may be ground-based or be broadcasted by an airplane. TACAN channels have two bands, X and Y, and range from 1-126. 2 TACAN channels may be set present in the aircraft by both the Pilot and RIO for simultaneous use.<br />
<br />
The TACAN setting knobs give a range of these options:<br />
*'''T/R:''' Transmit and receive. Gets bearing and range from the TACAN.<br />
*'''RCV:''' Receive. Gets bearing from the TACAN.<br />
*'''A/A:''' Air-to-air TACAN mode.<br />
*'''X:''' Tunes the selected frequency on the X band.<br />
*'''Y:''' Tunes the selected frequency on the Y band.<br />
<br />
==ICLS==<br />
For night and low visibility operations, aircraft carriers have an Instrument Carrier Landing System (ICLS) to allow for instrument approaches to the carrier. ICLS provides horizontal and vertical guidance. The F-14 is equipped with ICLS.<br />
<br />
To activate the airplane's ICLS antenna, an ICLS dial is present to the right of the warning lights advisory panel, with an ARA on/off switch, used to toggle power to the system.<br />
<br />
When ILS is selected on the HSI, two bars, one horizontal and one vertical, appear near the velocity vector on the HUD. These indicate a vertical and horizontal deviation from the optimal glideslope (3°) and course to the deck. When they are both aligned with the velocity vector (making a "+"), the aircraft is on course.<br />
<br />
==ACLS==<br />
For CAT III conditions and poor visibility, the F-14 is equipped with the Automatic Carrier Landing System (ACLS) to allow an automatic flight to the carrier via. a radio-guided input from a Landing Signal Officer. (LSO) The auto-throttle and autopilot systems must be engaged and present during the time of activation with this system, along with lights given to the left of the VDI display.<br />
<br />
Datalink is required between the aircraft and the carrier in order for ACLS to work. When the best position of the azimuth and glideslope bars are within parameters, the nosewheel steering button is pressed in order to engage guidance.<br />
<br />
==Navigation Failures==<br />
The F-14B has a variety of navigation failures that may/can occur, including methods to fix them.<br />
<br />
===Navigation Fix Update===<br />
An error of latitude or longitude in the computer position of the aircraft can be corrected by a navigation fix update. Updating is especially important in the backup modes (AHRS AM and IMU/ AM) because of the estimated winds and magnetic variation changes. A nav fix is done via a ground-reference-point (latitude and longitude) position. The range and bearing of this position to the present aircraft position are used to update or correct existing values. The nav system may be updated by either a radar fix, a TACAN fix, or a visual fix.<br />
<br />
Before performing a nav fix, the latitude and longitude of the desired update point (radar, TACAN, or visual) must be stored in one of eight navigation point locations (three WPs, FIX PT, HOME BASE, HOST AREA, DEF PT, and IP). This data can be stored prior to flight by data link or by manual insertion. Then follow these steps:<br />
<br />
# Hook the Waypoint you choose to select for the nav fix.<br />
# Check the stored latitude and longitude on the TID.<br />
# Rotate the CATEGORY switch to NAV and select the desired type of update.<br />
<br />
<br />
Note that updating the position while in INS, and to a lesser degree while in IMU, can introduce a greater navigational position error than already present, in particular, if radar fix is used to update the nav system. Updates with a visual or TACAN fix provide reasonable accuracy (assuming a good MAG VAR during TACAN updates). Updating your nav system via a nav fix should be primarily used in the AHRS mode.<br />
<br />
===Radar Fix Update===<br />
An RDR FIX may be selected before or after positioning the DDD cursors. If the RDR FIX button is depressed, the computer computes the present position of the aircraft by measuring the range and bearing from the selected point. The delta between the computer position and the position determined by the INS is then displayed on the TID. If the entry of this delta into the navigation computations is desired, press the FIX ENABLE button. If the delta does not appear to be correct, the computer and the readout can be cleared by pressing the RDR FIX button. The fix may then be attempted again. The RIO should also perform periodic checks of own aircraft system altitude and update the altitude if necessary.<br />
<br />
Radar updating is performed as follows:<br />
<br />
# TID CURSOR/CAP - Hook Desired Navigation Point for Update.<br />
# PULSE SRCH button - Depress.<br />
# On sensor control panel: STAB switch - IN. EL BARS switch - 1. AZ SCAN switch - As Desired.<br />
# RDR FIX button - Depress.<br />
# DDD CURSOR button - Depress.<br />
# Action switch - Half Action (first detent).<br />
# Cursor is displayed on DDD.<br />
# Manipulate hand control DDD cursor over desired ground map point.<br />
# Action switch - Full Action and Release. (This will cause the DDD cursor to remain at the selected position.<br />
# Observe the delta for LAT and LONG on TID.<br />
# If readouts are unsatisfactory, deselect RDR FIX and repeat steps 4 through 12.<br />
# FIX ENABLE button - Depress.<br />
<br />
===TACAN Update===<br />
To perform a nav fix by TACAN requires that a restored waypoint shares identical LAT and LONG values with the TACAN station that will be used for the fix. Select the TACAN channel for the desired station and verify by listening to the coded identifier tone in the headset.<br />
<br />
Press the TACAN FIX button to update the aircraft position from a TACAN station. The WCS computer then calculates the own aircraft position error based on the range and bearing from the TACAN station. The delta is then entered in the same manner as with a radar fix.<br />
<br />
Perform a TACAN fix following these steps:<br />
<br />
# Select a TACAN channel whose latitude and longitude correspond to an update point.<br />
# Hook desired update point (WAYPT 1, FIX PT, HOME BASE, etc.).<br />
# CATEGORY switch - NAV.<br />
# TACAN FIX button - Depress.<br />
# Observe present position delta readout.<br />
# If delta is unsatisfactory, deselect TACAN FIX and repeat steps 2 through 7.<br />
# FIX ENABLE button - Depress.<br />
<br />
===Visual Update===<br />
To perform a visual fix, fly over a restored waypoint and press the VIS FIX button. Estimate your timing, because the aircraft nose and fuselage can obscure the fixed point during an overflight. It is also difficult to estimate when directly overhead a waypoint if the aircraft altitude is greater than 10.000 feet. The delta for the visual fix is displayed on the TID. Enter the delta by pressing FIX ENABLE.<br />
<br />
To perform a visual fix use the following steps:<br />
<br />
# Hook desired update point (WAY PT, HB, IP, etc.).<br />
# Select NAV category on CAP.<br />
# Overfly the selected restored point and when over the point, depress the VIS FIX button on the cap.<br />
# If the delta is not satisfactory, press VIS FIX again to clear the delta and repeat from step 1.<br />
# If a satisfactory delta is displayed, depress the FIX ENABLE button; this causes the delta correction of own-aircraft position to be inserted into the computer.<br />
<br />
===Datalink Update===<br />
To perform a data link update of the aircraft INS to the TDS frame of reference, the aircraft and TDS must share a prebriefed waypoint, identical in latitude and longitude. Enter this LAT/LONG data into the HOST AREA pseudo target file. The TDS will uplink the common reference point as a data link waypoint. When the aircraft and TDS INS systems agree, the data link waypoint and host area symbols will be superimposed on the TID. If they drift apart, the two pseudo targets on the TID will drift as well.<br />
<br />
To perform an update via data link, use the following steps:<br />
<br />
# Hook data link waypoint corresponding prebriefed reference point.<br />
# Select NAV category on CAP.<br />
# Overfly the hooked data link waypoint. When immediately over the point, press VIS FIX button on CAP.<br />
# Observe delta LAT and LONG on TID.<br />
# If deltas are satisfactory and update is desired, depress FIX ENABLE.<br />
# After a data link update, HOST AREA and data link waypoint should be superimposed on the TID again.<br />
<br />
===Fighter-to-Fighter Navigation Update===<br />
Net aircraft that use fighter-to-fighter data link can update their navigation system in the FF/DL mode. To update LAT/LONG hook the net aircraft symbol of an aircraft that is in close proximity and select F/F NAV UPDATE on the CAP. This will enter the hooked aircraft’s coordinates into the INS as own-aircraft coordinates. To update the nav system on an aircraft that is not close, first obtain a radar STT on that aircraft, hook the STT-ed aircraft on the TID and then press F/F NAV UPDATE on the CAP.<br />
<br />
=Defensive Systems=<br />
----<br />
The F-14B is equipped with various defensive systems: the AN/ALE-39 Countermeasure Dispensing System (CMDS), for the release of chaff and flares, the AN/ALQ-126 Deception ECM (DECM), for jamming enemy radar, and the AN/ALR-67 Radar Warning Reciever (RWR), for detection of enemy radar emitters and missile launches.<br />
<br />
==AN/ALR-67 RWR==<br />
[[File:alr-67.png|thumb|400px]]<br />
The AN/ALR-67 Radar Warning Receiver (RWR) provides the Hornet the ability to detect radars via the radio/microwave radiation they emit.<br />
<br />
===Audio Tones===<br />
Accompanying the RWR are various audio feedback tones:<br />
*'''Single Beep:''' A new ground- or sea-based emitter has been detected.<br />
*'''Double Beep:''' A new airborne emitter has been detected.<br />
*'''Repeating Beep:''' An emitter is tracking.<br />
*'''Faster Repeating Beep:''' An emitter is guiding a missile or is a missile.<br />
<br />
<br />
On the RWR gauge, the RWR knob will control the volume of the RWR tones.<br />
<br />
===Emitter Identifiers===<br />
''This list is, at present, not complete.''<br />
{|class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"<br />
!Type<br />
!RWR ID<br />
|-<br />
|U<br />
|Unknown<br />
|-<br />
|M<br />
|Active radar-homing missile<br />
|-<br />
|S<br />
|Search radar<br />
|-<br />
|3<br />
|SA-3 "Goa"<br />
|-<br />
|6<br />
|SA-6 "Gainful"<br />
|-<br />
|8<br />
|SA-8 "Gecko"<br />
|-<br />
|10<br />
|SA-10 "Grumble"<br />
|-<br />
|11<br />
|SA-11 "Gadfly"<br />
|-<br />
|11<br />
|F-111 Aardvark<br />
|-<br />
|12<br />
|SA-12 "Gladiator"<br />
|-<br />
|13<br />
|SA-13 "Gopher"<br />
|-<br />
|13<br />
|C-130 Hercules<br />
|-<br />
|14<br />
|F-14 Tomcat<br />
|-<br />
|15<br />
|F-15 Eagle<br />
|-<br />
|15 <br />
|SA-15 "Gauntlet"<br />
|-<br />
|16<br />
|F-16 Fighting Falcon<br />
|-<br />
|17<br />
|C-17 Globemaster III<br />
|-<br />
|18<br />
|F/A-18 Hornet<br />
|-<br />
|22<br />
|Tu-22 "Blinder"<br />
|-<br />
|23<br />
|MiG-23 "Flogger"<br />
|-<br />
|24<br />
|Su-24 "Fencer"<br />
|-<br />
|25<br />
|MiG-25 "Foxbat"<br />
|-<br />
|29<br />
|MiG-29 "Fulcrum"<br />
|-<br />
|29<br />
|Su-27 "Flanker"<br />
|-<br />
|29<br />
|Su-33 "Flanker-D"<br />
|-<br />
|30<br />
|Su-30 "Flanker-C"<br />
|-<br />
|31<br />
|MiG-31 "Foxhound"<br />
|-<br />
|34<br />
|Su-34 "Fullback"<br />
|-<br />
|39<br />
|Su-25M "Frogfoot"<br />
|-<br />
|40<br />
|''Spruance''-class destroyer<br />
|-<br />
|48<br />
|''Nimitz''-class carrier<br />
|-<br />
|49<br />
|''Oliver Hazard Perry''-class frigate<br />
|-<br />
|50<br />
|A-50 "Mainstay"<br />
|-<br />
|52<br />
|B-52 Stratofortress<br />
|-<br />
|76<br />
|IL-76 "Candid"<br />
|-<br />
|78<br />
|IL-78 "Midas"<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==AN/ALE-39 CMDS==<br />
[[File:f14 cms.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The AN/ALE-39 is the countermeasures dispensing set installed in the F-14B in this simulation. It controls its own set of launchers located between the engine nozzles on the underside of the so-called beaver-tail. The launchers each have two sections, one containing 10 cartridges and the other 20. They are referred to the left and right dispensers even though the left is really the front one and the right the back one with both being mounted inline on the left side of the tailhook. This is a remnant from the earliest model F-14s carrying the AN/ALE-29.<br />
<br />
This all sums up to a capacity of 60 cartridges in the system with each section necessarily holding one type of cartridges meaning that any combination of cartridges is possible as long as each type’s quantity is a multiple of 10. The system itself has no real knowledge of what is loaded where so incorrectly programming the system can lead to the wrong type of cartridge being ejected.<br />
<br />
===Cockpit Controls===<br />
The system itself can be operated manually from the control panel in the RIO pit or the DLC thumbwheel on the pilot stick when the flaps lever is in the up position. It is also capable of running programmed sequences of ejection which in turn can be initiated manually by the RIO from the control panel or the direction hats mounted on the handhold over the DDD. In addition, the AN/ALR-67 can also initiate the chaff ejection program if set up correctly on the AN/ALE-39 control panel.<br />
<br />
==AN/ALQ-126 DECM==<br />
The AN/ALQ-126 deception jammer is designed to detect radar threats, analyze them, select the optimum countermeasure technique available and apply it. Available techniques for jamming are amongst others, main lobe blanking, inverse con-scan, range-gate pull-off and swept square modes. In DCS this is modeled as a simple noise jammer due to engine limitations but controlled by the DECM logic as to when it’s on or off.<br />
<br />
===Cockpit Controls===<br />
The controls for the AN/ALQ-126 DECM are all located on the right horizontal panel in the RIO pit, the panel as the image above. In addition, there are two indication lights co-located with the RWR threat indicators on the right side of the TID. The mode selector knob controls power and operational mode that the system is in. The modes for the DECM are as follows:<br />
<br />
* '''OFF:''' turns off power to the system. STBY begins pre-warming of the system, taking in all-around 5 minutes.<br />
* '''TEST HOLD 3 SEC:''' is used to prepare the system for BIT, after 3 seconds in this mode, turn the knob to TEST - ACT.<br />
* '''TEST ACT:''' starts the BIT in the system. The BIT takes approximately 30 seconds and the RCV light will be illuminated the whole time while the XMIT light will flash twice. If the STANDBY light illuminates it indicates that a no-go condition exists in the system.<br />
* '''REC:''' enables the system to receive the only mode, enabling analyzation of threats and also the threat audio.<br />
* '''RPT:''' enables full system functionality, in addition to REC it also now tries to jam threats according to the selected method.<br />
<br />
=Television Camera Set=<br />
----<br />
[[File:tcs_symbology.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The F-14B is outfitted with the ALQ-100 Television Camera Set (TCS) pod, used for visually identifying aircraft during the time of which IFF was not a trusted/more inferior method to confirming hostile aircraft and to keep track of their position, as well as their living status.<br />
<br />
==Symbology==<br />
On the TID, in non-TV mode, a TCS track is indicated by a 1.5” strobe at TCS LOS azimuth with a hollow circle at the end.<br />
<br />
The symbology on the video feed from the TCS has indicators for the FOV and two crosshairs indicating TCS LOS relative own aircraft, GACH, and AN/AWG-9 radar LOS relative TCS LOS, RACH. Additionally, the track window is indicated by 4 small squares representing each corner of that window.<br />
<br />
The gimbal angle crosshairs or GACH, which is a solid cross, indicate deflection of the TCS LOS from the aircraft datum line, ADL. GACH crosshair in the center indicates TCS LOS along ADL and deflection towards the edges indicate deflection towards the gimbal limits with the video edges being maximum deflection.<br />
<br />
RACH or radar angle crosshairs, a dashed crosshair, indicate radar antenna LOS when inside the current TCS FOV. When the sensors slave to one another RACH and GACH will coincide creating a single solid crosshair.<br />
<br />
The track window indicates the area that the TCS contrast tracker is currently locked on to if it has acquired a target. When not in an active track these squares collapse into the center of the display being 2% of the screen width when in manual mode and 5% when in an auto mode.<br />
<br />
=LANTIRN Targeting Pod=<br />
----<br />
[[File:flir.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The F-14B can carry the AN/AAQ-14 Low Altitude Navigation and Targeting Infrared For Night (LANTIRN) targeting pod. This pod consists of a Forward-Looking Infrared (FLIR) camera (which also includes a digital charged coupled device camera) for target locating and observing, a Laser Target Designator/Ranger for firing a laser that both designates targets for laser-homing weapons and gathers ranging information for designating whatever the FLIR is pointed at as an air-to-ground, and a Laser Spot Tracker (LST) which can search for and track a laser, allowing for the FLIR to be cued onto an offboard (ground or air-designated) laser from another unit and then designate a Target off said point; this allows for most effective buddy-lasing. The targeting pod can be used in both air-to-ground and air-to-air functions, but the LTD/R and LST are only used for A/G operation.<br />
<br />
==Symbology==<br />
The following areas on the LANTIRN are to represent:<br />
# '''A/C Position Data:''' Displays aircraft LAT/LON, altitude, and groundspeed information.<br />
# '''LANTIRN Polarity:''' Displays white or hot background. AGC is for automatic gain control, MGC is for manual gain control.<br />
# '''LANTIRN Information:''' Gives general information on the pod. SR is for slant range, AZ/EL for azimuth/elevation of sight, and rest is UTC time.<br />
# '''LANTIRN Track Mode:''' Displays the current tracking mode. A/A is for air-to-air, A/G is for air-to-ground. Right side is for current selected weapon.<br />
# '''Track Data:''' Displays information of LAT/LON and altitude of where the sight is at.<br />
# '''Track:''' Displays the hairs for point and area track, and what the sight is directly pointed at.<br />
# '''Launch Envelopes:''' The top tape is for the heading relative of the aircraft to the track. The right side tape is for the release point.<br />
<br />
=TARPS Pod=<br />
----<br />
Not yet implemented.<br />
<br />
=Air-to-Air Radar=<br />
----<br />
==Detail Data Display==<br />
[[File:f14 ddd.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
Among the 3 digital displays, the Detail Data Display gives the RIO information about contacts from the AWG-9 radar in terms of range and radar mode, with respect to the notch filter.<br />
<br />
===Notch Filter===<br />
The AWG-9 radar in the F-14B Tomcat has a notch filter when using the pulse-doppler radar modes under certain conditions. These conditions include, but are not limited to:<br />
<br />
* ~100 knot difference of the aircraft relative to contact<br />
* Contact flying 90 degrees perpendicular CW/CCW to aircraft<br />
* Masking with ground terrain scan return<br />
<br />
<br />
There is a rough line shown in the radar modes, likewise of the jamming lobe, for when considering the notch filter that the contact will disappear from.<br />
<br />
==Tactical Information Display==<br />
[[File:f14 tid.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The Tactical Information Display (TID) gives the RIO of the F-14B the main information on the AWG-9 radar, including situational awareness, range, altitude, and contact heading.<br />
<br />
===Display Modes===<br />
The TID comes with a total of 8 display modes available, that can be toggled either on or off for purposes of gathering more information or decluttering:<br />
<br />
* '''RID DISABLE:''' ? needs more info. Not yet implemented.<br />
* '''ALT NUM:''' Displays the altitude of contact with a singular digit rounded to the nearest thousand.<br />
* '''SYM ELEM:''' Displays the symbology of contacts corresponding to HAFU.<br />
* '''DATA LINK:''' Displays contacts from the datalink frequency.<br />
* '''JAM STROBE:''' Displays the jamming strobes. Not yet implemented.<br />
* '''NON-ATTK:''' Displays determined (manual IFF or datalink) HAFU of friendly contacts.<br />
* '''VEL VECTOR:''' Displays the velocity vectors of contacts.<br />
* '''LAUNCH ZONE:''' Displays contact approximate missile launch zones.<br />
<br />
==AN/AWG-9 Radar==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat is equipped with the AN/AWG-9 all-weather and pulse-doppler radar. It is a very long-range radar used for the main purpose of intercept.<br />
<br />
===Radar Modes===<br />
The AWG-9 in the F-14B comes with 2 types of radar modes: doppler and pulse-doppler search. Of those two, subsets are able to be observed as 5 in this list:<br />
<br />
* '''PD SRCH:''' Pulse-Doppler Search mode. No bias factor of the radar, but impedes to pulse-doppler methods.<br />
* '''PD STT:''' Pulse-Doppler Single Target Track mode. By default upon acquiring a lock with the AWG-9, the radar will move to this function mode. It is currently suspectable to the notch filter.<br />
* '''RWS:''' Range While Search mode. The radar will prioritize the range of targets but not other factors. Falls under pulse-doppler.<br />
* '''TWS MAN:''' Track While Scan - Manual mode. The radar will prioritize the situational awareness of other targets but not give information on every target. The radar will also prioritize targets by threat importance.<br />
* '''TWS AUTO:''' Track While Scan - Auto mode. The radar will perform the same as TWS Man, but the elevation and azimuth controls will be automated in the process for an optimal scan.<br />
* '''PULSE SRCH:''' Pulse Search mode. No bias factor of the radar and can not be impeded to the notch filter, unlike the pulse-doppler method. The radar will, however, output a return of everything that is scanned and requires tuning.<br />
* '''PULSE STT:''' Pulse Single Target Track mode. Performing similarly to Pulse Search mode, this function mode applies to only a single target and is not suspectable to the notch filter.<br />
<br />
====Pulse-Doppler Search Mode====<br />
[[File:f14 pulsedoppler.png|thumb|350px]]<br />
The pulse-doppler search mode is used mainly as a kind of early warning mode. It is the search mode with the greatest detection range but it can display no range to the RIO, only closure rate. For this reason, the TID can display no track information.<br />
<br />
====Pulse-Doppler STT Mode====<br />
[[File:f14 pdstt.png|thumb|350px]]<br />
The pulse-doppler STT works and looks much like the pulse STT mode. It does, however, have the same advantages and disadvantages compared to pulse STT as the other pulse-doppler modes compared to the pulse modes. This means that while much better at tracking a target close to the ground it is however vulnerable to notching.<br />
<br />
The DDD display for pulse-doppler STT looks like pulse STT display except that the target return and antenna azimuth display are moved to the left side of the screen and a generated synthetic target marker is displayed at the correct azimuth instead. This is so that the targets range can be displayed by the synthetic target, unlike the other pulse-doppler modes which only shows closure rate. The other symbology on the DDD in this mode are the same as in pulse STT.<br />
<br />
====Range While Search Mode====<br />
In range while search, a frequency measuring ranging mode is added (FM ranging) to allow the radar to measure the range of tracked targets in addition to closure rate. This additional processing does, however, mean that the effective range of the radar is somewhat lesser. The display on the DDD is the same as in pulse-doppler search, the TID however also shows tracks in this mode showing the targets as tracks momentarily as they’re scanned and displaying their position and altitude. <br />
<br />
The targets are shown for a maximum of two seconds or until the antenna again scans the same bar at the same azimuth at which time it is removed unless detected again. The maximum number of concurrently shown tracks are 48.<br />
<br />
====TWS Manual Mode====<br />
The track, while scan mode uses the same FM ranging as RWS with the same reduction in range compared to pulse-doppler search and the DDD display, is also the same. The main difference that the computer establishes track files and tracks up to 24 targets concurrently of which 18 can be shown on the TID at any given time.<br />
<br />
As the computer routine calculating these tracks need a set track refresh time of 2 seconds this limits available azimuth scan area and bar settings to either 20° 4 bars or 40° 2 bars. When entering TWS the computer automatically selects the ±20° 4 bar scan disregarding the RIO set scan volumes unless those are set to ±40° 2 bars in which case that is used instead.<br />
<br />
The TWS mode is also the only mode enabling guidance of the AIM-54 at multiple targets (up to six), and as soon as engageable targets are detected the computer starts assigning them a missile priority number according to optimal missile firing sequence.<br />
<br />
====TWS Auto Mode====<br />
Performing similarly to TWS Man mode, what differs between the two is that in TWS auto the computer takes control of used scan volume and scan pattern azimuth and elevation as soon as target tracks are present. The WCS computer automatically tries to optimize the scan volume and direction so that tracking of the prioritized targets is maximized. If not selected before launch the WCS overrides as soon as the first AIM-54 is launched and selects TWS Auto.<br />
<br />
====Pulse Search Mode====<br />
[[File:f14 pulse.png|thumb|350px]]<br />
Pulse search is used to search for and find airborne targets at range. It is possible to use this radar mode as a basic ground mapper as well which can be useful for navigation and navigational fixes and can also be used in a pinch to detect larger surface targets like ships. Keep in mind though that the radar is not built with this as its main function and that a real air-to-ground radar will outperform it handily.<br />
<br />
In this mode, the radar cannot by itself differentiate targets and generate tracks meaning that the WCS will not generate track files and display anything on the TID. This also means that pulse search is not capable of guiding missiles.<br />
<br />
====Pulse STT Mode====<br />
[[File:f14 pstt.png|thumb|350px]]<br />
Pulse STT is used to track a single target, like pulse search mode it is not susceptible to notching but it is to ground clutter. The fact that the STT modes use gates to track the target, in this case, range gates, means that it is less susceptible to ground clutter but a target close enough to the ground that the ground return enters the range gates would be likely to shake the lock.<br />
<br />
As it is only in the pulse-doppler modes that the missile guidance commands can be sent pulse STT is limited to launching AIM-7s in CW mode and AIM-54s in an active launch mode limiting their ranges. At short ranges, ACM ranges, it is possible to use the ASPECT switch to set what aspect of the target to track, this is just to counter different types of countermeasures. As an example, if set to NOSE the radar will be less susceptible to chaff as the radar weights its track towards the targets leading-edge (nose) away from the chaff being launched behind the target.<br />
<br />
A successful track is indicated by the ANT TRK and RDROT indicator lights on the DDD, meaning that the antenna is tracking the target and that the target is within the range gates. If the target is jamming with sufficient strength, negating a range track, the radar will transition to a jam angle track instead, indicated by the JAT indicator light on the DDD illuminating instead of the RDROT. When range tracking is again possible at closer ranges the radar will transition to that instead.<br />
<br />
The DDD in this mode will be similar to the pulse search mode but the antenna will be locked onto the target and not scan. Additionally, the DDD will show the range gates around the target, a closing rate symbol at the right scale and applicable attack symbology if a valid missile is selected.<br />
<br />
===Anti-Jamming Modes===<br />
Not yet implemented.<br />
<br />
===AN/APX-76 IFF Interrogator===<br />
The AN/APX-76 IFF (Identification Friend or Foe) interrogator is integrated into the AN/AWG-9 operation. Then interrogator antenna itself is located on the AN/AWG-9 antenna gimbal platform. An IFF system works by sending out an interrogation pulse and then listening for returns from cooperating transponders. In addition to the unencrypted civilian mode the AN/APX-76 is capable of interrogating in the encrypted military mode 4. This ensures that targets replying to mode 4 interrogations are indeed friendly. The AN/APX-76 can be used both in search radar modes and in STT radar modes. To enable interrogation the IFF switch is depressed on the Detail Data Display Panel which then activates the interrogator for as long as the button is held up to 10 seconds max.<br />
<br />
When enabled IFF received IFF returns are then overlaid on the normal AN/AWG-9 radar returns on the DDD. A friendly target will be indicated with two bars, one above and one below the normal radar return. As the AN/APX-76 is a separate radar, secondary mode, radar apart from the AWG-9 the IFF can sometimes also detect targets not detected by the AWG-9. In this case the IFF return will not have a radar echo inside it. In the search mode this is overlaid over each target replying and in STT over the STT target. Additionally, if the STT target is hooked on the TID the DDD will switch from normal range display to a ±10 NM display to enable display of multiple returns in case of closely grouped targets.<br />
<br />
==HAFU/Datalink==<br />
[[File:HAFU.png|right|80px]]<br />
Hostile, Ambiguous, Friendly or Unknown (HAFU) is a symbology system used by the F/A-18 to represent trackfiles; specifically, to show its status as a friendly or hostile. It is usually what trackfiles are displayed as across the software.<br />
<br />
There are four HAFU symbols:<br />
*'''Triangle:''' Hostile (red when colored)<br />
*'''Thick Staple:''' Ambiguous (yellow when colored)<br />
*'''Half-Circle:''' Friendly (green when colored)<br />
*'''Thin Staple:''' Unknown (yellow when colored)<br />
<br />
<br />
All types except ambiguous can be manually assigned via the [[#SA Format|Situational Awareness]] format. Tracks will also be automatically identified as explained below.<br />
<br />
A hostile HAFU will be assigned whenever:<br />
* A negative IFF response is returned, and<br />
** An NCTR print returns with an aircraft type that is on the hostile coalition; or<br />
** A SURV (surveillance, like an AWACS) source over datalink also marks it hostile; or<br />
** A F/F (fighter-fighter, like another F/A-18) source over datalink also marks it hostile.<br />
<br />
<br />
An ambiguous HAFU will be assigned when the aircraft and a donor have conflicting identifications (friendly and hostile).<br />
<br />
A friendly HAFU will be assigned whenever an IFF interrogation returns as friendly or the track itself is contributed to by the Precise Participant Location and Identification (PPLI) system.<br />
<br />
An unknown HAFU will be assigned by default until it is updated by meeting one of the requirements above.<br />
<br />
=Air-to-Air Weapons=<br />
----<br />
This area will cover over all the different air-to-air weapons brought with the F-14B Tomcat.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Air Gun==<br />
[[File:f14 gun aa.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
''Using Real-Time mode.''<br />
<br />
The F-14 Tomcat is outfitted with the M61A1 Vulcan 6-barreled Gatling cannon, being able to hold up a maximum of 675 rounds internally.<br />
<br />
===Gun Rates===<br />
The cannon offers 2 modes of combat in the F-14B: <br />
<br />
* '''LOW:''' mode which slows down the muzzle rate, used for Air-to-Ground.<br />
* '''HIGH:''' mode which is to be used for Basic Fighter Maneuvering. (BFM)<br />
<br />
===Gun Modes===<br />
The cannon for Air-to-Air mode is able to be placed into 2 following positions:<br />
<br />
* '''Manual:''' this mode is able to be selected by depressing the CAGE/SEAM button, which will then only display the pipper and ammo count.<br />
* '''Real-Time:''' this mode is the regular, default mode. Along with a radar lock, the pipper will calculate to be accurate when directed to the diamond contact box. This will also give a closure rate towards the contact and the range relative to the aircraft.<br />
<br />
===Symbology===<br />
<br />
The symbology for the cannon is displayed on the HUD with the weapon master selector in the GUN position, and display in A/A. By default, the gun rounds indicator will be displayed as 0 for rounds per 100. Located next to the display panel to the right is the gun ammo counter. Additionally, the gunsight elevation is also able to be adjusted underneath the steer commands on the display panel.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Air Missiles==<br />
===Missile Preparation===<br />
Missile preparation in the F-14B Tomcat is started by moving the master arm switch on the ACM panel underneath the HUD to ON. This is then followed by pressing the MSL PREP and SW COOL buttons to be ON, depending on the armament type.<br />
<br />
===AIM-54 Phoenix===<br />
The AIM-54 is a long-range, semi-active radar missile for Air-to-Air use. The F-14 was the only aircraft to carry it in service and was used to take down Soviet bombers. However, it is able to be used on fighters as well. The AIM-54 comes with a proximity fuse and missile gate suite for non-direct contact explosions and radar tracking methods. <br />
<br />
Upon the launch of the missile, active input from the AN/AWG-9 radar is used to guide itself towards the contact. When reaching pitbull range (~20 nmi.) the missile will then use the radar in itself and steer until impact. <br />
<br />
The time until impact will be calculated during the whole flight of the missile after the launch sequence on the TID as a seconds counter next to the contact.<br />
<br />
====Missile Variants====<br />
The AIM-54 for the F-14 in DCS is not only just 1 variant but 2 provided for the aircraft:<br />
<br />
* '''AIM-54A Mk.60:''' The A variant Mk.60 is a specific version of the AIM-54 Phoenix which utilizes burn time and speed over agility and smoke. The Mk.60 is able to be fired from at most ~100 nmi. under optimal conditions, factoring altitude, kinetic airspeed, contact airspeed, and altitude. The recommended firing distance of the variant, however, is ~45 nmi.<br />
* '''AIM-54C Mk.47:''' The C variant Mk.47 is a later upgrade to the missile that utilizes agility and smoke over burn time and speed. While the C variant provides a no-smoke solution, it lacks the favoring of speed and distance. Under optimal conditions similar to the A, this missile variant is best at ~60 nmi. The recommended distance to contact for firing is ~30 nmi.<br />
<br />
====Launch Modes====<br />
The main seeker in the AIM-54 is able to be fired through 3 launch modes in according:<br />
<br />
# '''Semi-active Radar Homing (SARH):''' In the first stage of the AIM-54 engagement, the missile is guided semi-actively by the AN/AWG-9 radar using both guidance commands transmitted via the radar and radar energy reflected off the target. Then when the missile is within range of its seeker’s ARH mode the AN/AWG-9 commands the missile to switch to ARH. In pulse doppler STT the AIM-54 uses SARH all the way to the target receiving guidance commands at a greater rate than in TWS and also continuous spotlighting of the target because of the STT mode being used. This increases the effective range of the AIM-54 seeker slightly.<br />
# '''Active Radar Homing (ARH):''' This tells the WCS to immediately command the AIM-54 to go active in the first guidance command after launch. If launched at a target within 6 NM if in the targets rear hemisphere or 10 NM miles if in its forward hemisphere the WCS will also automatically command this mode instead of a SARH mode. If the target is not detected actively by the seeker it will still fall back to SARH until the seeker can acquire on its own like in the two SARH modes.<br />
# '''ACM Active:''' The missile is commanded active before launch making this the only mode where the missile is truly fire and forget. The AIM-54 missile receives the active message before launch from the WCS in addition to a command prepositioning the seeker-head to have it look at the current WCS track if available.<br />
<br />
====HUD Symbology====<br />
[[File:f14 aim54 hud.png|thumb|400px]]<br />
The pilot will receive standard symbology of the AIM-54 missile selected when the display is in A/A mode. Similar to the GUNS format, displayed on the HUD will be the weapon type denoted in 2 letters, and the number of missiles. Additionally, any more advanced symbology will occur by lock, which is required at first to fire the missile without "mad-dogging."<br />
<br />
===AIM-7 Sparrow===<br />
The AIM-7 Sparrow is an active-radar guided missile for Air-to-Air employment. This missile requires an active radar lock to a contact in order to guide itself for impact. The benefit of this missile is that it is able to lose trackoing guidance if the aircraft breaks the lock on a friendly contact, as well as being able to be used in a mixed scenario.<br />
<br />
The maximum range of the Sparrow under optimal conditions as the Phoenix is ~25 nmi. The recommended distance, however, is roughly ~10 nmi.<br />
<br />
===AIM-9 Sidewinder===<br />
The AIM-9 Sidewinder is an IR-guided missile that self tracks based off of thermal energy (heat) of an aircraft. This missile should be used for close quarters range, where agility and speed are a high priority. The benefit of this missile is how quickly it can turn onto a contact. However, a con to this can be "sun-aiming," where the missile follows a contact that flies directly to the sun and immediately flanks out of the sensor sight of the Sidewinder.<br />
<br />
The maximum range on this missile is ~10 nmi., but recommended range is within ~5 nmi. under optimal conditions.<br />
<br />
=Air-to-Ground Weapons=<br />
----<br />
The F-14B Tomcat comes with a variety of air-to-ground weapons after the upgrade to the Bombcat.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Ground Gun==<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Ground Bombs==<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
===Mk-20/81/82/83/84 GPB===<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
===GBU-12/14/16 LGB===<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
===BDU-33 Training Bomb===<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
===ADM-141 TALD===<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Ground Rockets==<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
=Resources=<br />
----<br />
==Manuals & Documents==<br />
* [https://info.publicintelligence.net/F14AAP-1B.pdf F-14B NATOPS Pocket Checklist]<br />
* [http://www.heatblur.se/F-14Manual/ Heatblur F-14 Manual]<br />
<br />
==Heatblur's Videos==<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q1o7E9pb95Y Episode 1: Overview]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OO3IdQjAdDA Episode 2: Pilot's Cockpit Walkaround]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ws1GxPG2ZXw Episode 3: Cold And Dark (Full Startup)]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kgpGO7fj4oU Episode 4: The RIO's Office]<br />
<br />
==Jabbers' Tutorial Videos==<br />
(They're good!)<br />
<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2qwlJs__iYk Pilot - Startup/Taxi/Takeoff with JESTER AI]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b5opjCygZug Pilot - Maneuvering and Flight Characteristics]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f4y2oZ-7rM8 Pilot - Air-to-Air Refueling]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ujk4hL_EnUc Pilot - ACM - Radar Acquisition Modes]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wftck0C3fJ8 Pilot - Weapons - Zuni Rockets with JESTER AI]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4m-Q02gxFEA Pilot - Weapons - AIM-9 Sidewinder]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SWeHtpJ00JI RIO - Startup]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r4-Dd4ss2Rc RIO - AWG-9 Radar]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YG7sWweg2RQ RIO - IFF Interrogation]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2q-bHFyTEr8 Overview - AIM-54C Mk.47 Phoenix - Tacview Debrief]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PyAQpqVhtBY Overview - AIM-54A Mk.60 Phoenix - Tacview Debrief]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4groy-_Bxfk Quick Tips - AIM-54 Phoenix]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Is3AtOX-abw Quick Tips - Bombing]</div>Siriushttps://wiki.hoggitworld.com/index.php?title=F-14A/B&diff=10605F-14A/B2019-09-07T04:18:28Z<p>Sirius: /* AIM-54 Phoenix */</p>
<hr />
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<br />
''Credits to Jak for having the [[F/A-18C]] page serve as a guide and filler content on related systems.''<br />
<br />
The Grumman '''F-14A/B''' Tomcat is a two-seat, twin-engine supersonic variable wing-sweep fighter aircraft. The F-14 was the first US fighter jet with twin tails and was the largest & heaviest US fighter to ever fly from an aircraft carrier. The reason that the F-14 was so incredibly large and heavy was that it carried the large AWG-9 radar and accompanying AIM-54 Phoenix (air-to-air) missiles: this very capable combination allowed the F-14 to make shots of up to 200 nautical miles at the bad guys. Also, being big means you can carry a lot of fuel!<br />
<br />
Of course, the practical range of the AWG-9 is rather more limited, especially if you are shooting at more maneuverable fighter-sized targets, but even at these closer ranges, the AIM-54 Phoenix is still a capable missile that should not be underestimated. The F-14 is also capable of carrying an array of air-to-ground weapons, such as dumb bombs in both high and low drag forms, air-to-ground Zuni rockets and even laser-guided bombs, which can be self-designated using the LANTIRN targeting pod on the F-14.<br />
<br />
Most people will recognize and adore the F-14 because of its stardom presence in that one weird volleyball movie from the '80s. Its on-screen presence in movies will make the F-14 to appear docile and easy to fly, but due to lack of a fly-by-wire the F-14 can be a real handful: it being a pilot's aircraft however makes it fun to fly and learn. The analogous nature of the F-14 (comparable to the F-5E II Tigershark) will give you a good knowledge of the airplane over time but requires a bit of a different mindset that the computerized flight of the F/A-18C and the F-15.<br />
<br />
__TOC__<br />
<br />
=Weapons List=<br />
----<br />
==Implemented==<br />
Partially or fully implemented weapons of the F14/A/B Tomcat:<br />
* M61 Vulcan Six-Barreled Gatling Gun<br />
* AIM-7M/F Sparrow<br />
* CAP/AIM-9M Sidewinder<br />
* AIM-54A Phoenix Mk. 60<br />
* AIM-54C Phoenix Mk. 47<br />
* Mk-81, 82, 83, and 84 <br />
* GBU-10, 12, 16, and 24 <br />
* MK-20 Rockeye<br />
* Zuni Rockets<br />
* BDU-33 Practice Bombs<br />
* ADM-141 TALD<br />
* LUU-2 Parachute Flare<br />
* Smokewinder<br />
* LANTIRN Pod<br />
* FPU-1 Fuel Tank<br />
<br />
==Planned==<br />
Weapons not yet implemented into the Tomcat:<br />
* TARPS Pod<br />
<br />
=Hands On Throttle And Stick (HOTAS)=<br />
----<br />
==Throttle==<br />
[[File:throttle.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The throttle of the F-14 Tomcat consists of 2 quadrants, both for the left and right engines. There is an afterburner detent along with a cutoff detent for maximum throttle and shutdown of the engine for each quadrant.<br />
<br />
The throttle has the following controls:<br />
# '''Speed Brake Switch:''' 2-position switch. "EXT" is a momentary and needed input position that extends the speed brake outward depending on the aircraft speed.<br />
# '''Wing Sweep Switch:''' 4-way hat switch. "AUTO" sets the wing to sweep automatically determined by an onboard computer, "BOMB" sets the wing to sweep in an angled position between fully extended and retracted and dependent on speed for the air-to-ground bombing.<br />
# '''PLM Button:''' multifunction button. When the steering command is in A2A mode, this acts as a pilot lock-on tool for the AWG-9 radar. But when used for landing and/or in the LDG steering command mode, this allows for disengagement of the ACLS.<br />
# '''CAGE/SEAM Button:''' multifunction button. When the steering command is in A2A mode, this allows for CAGE/SEAM lock-on of the AIM-9 Sidewinder. But when used for landing and/or in the LDG steering command mode, this allows for disengagement of the APC.<br />
# '''Exterior Light Switch:''' 2-position switch. Used to toggle the exterior lights of the aircraft.<br />
# '''ICS PTT Switch:''' 2-position switch. Acts as a push-to-talk system for the ICS system inside of the aircraft used between the Pilot and RIO. (or JESTER AI)<br />
<br />
==Control Stick==<br />
[[File:stick.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The control stick is located in the center of the cockpit, mounted onto the floor. Left and right movements of the control stick direct hydraulic movement to the spoilers and horizontal stabilizers of the aircraft. Forward and backward movement result to respectively the same but to the horizontal stabilizers.<br />
<br />
The control stick has the following controls:<br />
# '''Bomb Release Button:''' single-purpose button. When pressed in A2G steering command mode, all pylons selected with bombs will release respective of the ripple settings, type, and interval.<br />
# '''Trim Hat:''' 4-way hat switch. Upward movement moves the aircraft downward, and downward movement moves the aircraft upward. Both left and right movements follow to their directions according to their name.<br />
# '''Weapon Select Hat:''' 4-way hat switch. Bottom selection is OFF, and a ridge requires a momentary push action to move in/out of to GUN. Following all to the top are SW, then SP/PH which requires a momentary push action to switch between.<br />
# '''DLC & Maneuver Flap Command Wheel:''' scrollable dial. Moving it with the landing gears fully deployed acts as a variable control for spoiler extension. With the landing gears up, the dial also acts the same but for flaps and slats.<br />
# '''DLC Engage/Disengage & CMS Dispense Button:''' multifunction button. When pressed with the landing gears fully deployed, this controls the engagement and disengagement of the DLC system. But with the landing gears fully retracted, this allows for pilot control of the CMS system.<br />
# '''Autopilot Reference & NWS Button:''' multifunction button. When the aircraft is up in the air, this controls specific autopilot settings. But when the aircraft is on the ground, this controls the activation of the nosewheel steering system.<br />
# '''Autopilot Emergency Disengage Paddle:''' multifunction button. Disengages all autopilot modes and DLC and releases all autopilot switches and roll and pitch SAS switches to OFF position.<br />
# '''Weapon Firing Trigger:''' two-stage trigger switch. The first detent enables CTVS and gun camera. Second detent releases selected forwards firing the weapon.<br />
<br />
=Flight Controls & Landing Gear=<br />
----<br />
==Flight Controls==<br />
[[File:Wheels-flaps.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The F-14B has a large hydraulic system which covers for all of the control surfaces of the aircraft. Without the hydraulic system, or taking damage the controls are in risk of improperly working. The F-14 Tomcat was the last of its generation to have no integration of an FBW or FCS system, which was introduced with the F-15 Eagle.<br />
<br />
The F-14's primary flight controls are:<br />
* '''Left Spoilers (LES):''' A set of spoilers that lie within the left wing of the aircraft that help with aileron movement and control that react opposite of the intended direction.<br />
* '''Right Spoilers (RES):''' A set of spoilers that lie within the right wing of the aircraft that help with aileron movement and control that react opposite of the intended direction.<br />
* '''Tailerons (TAIL):''' Two horizontal stabilizers located on the rear end of the aircraft that control both pitch and aileron movement.<br />
* '''Leading Edge Flaps (LEF):''' Normal slats located on the leading (front) edge of the wings to add lift.<br />
* '''Trailing Edge Flaps (TEF):''' Normal flaps located on the trailing (back) edge of the wings to add lift.<br />
<br />
<br />
The control stick controls the stabilators, ailerons, and rudder and the rudder pedals control the rudder.<br />
<br />
===Flaps System===<br />
The aircraft's flap system provides more lift (and as a byproduct, drag). The flaps lever has two positions:<br />
* '''NONE:''' This applies no flap whatsoever to the wings of the aircraft.<br />
* '''FULL:''' This applies full movement of flaps to the wings of the aircraft.<br />
<br />
<br />
The flaps lever allows for variable movement, which gives the pilot the ability to control the amount of flap they wish for.<br />
<br />
===Speed Brake===<br />
The speed brake is a flap located on the end of the aircraft designed to provide drag to decelerate faster. It is activated via the speed brake switch on the throttle. The two positions are:<br />
* '''EXT:''' When the switch is moved aft, this extends the speed brake of the aircraft out depending on the airspeed.<br />
* '''RET:''' When the switch is moved forward, this retracts the speed brake.<br />
<br />
===Trim===<br />
The tailerons are capable of being trimmed to make roll and pitch corrections. This is accomplished with the trim hat on the controls stick. When the autopilot system is engaged, the onboard computer will attempt to make active trim movements in order to keep the aircraft within the specified attitude when set, along of the setting parameters. As speed is either gained or lost, the trim will actively move the stick as well along of the tailerons to adapt.<br />
<br />
===Wing Sweep===<br />
The wings of the aircraft are a variable-sweep design allowing for automatic or manual movements from pilot input on the right throttle quadrant. Similar to wing fold, the wings are able to be overswept from its maximum position through a master reset of the system in order to allow tighter space and closer parking on the carrier deck.<br />
<br />
==Landing Gear==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat has 3 retractable landing gears: the nose gear, the left gear, and the right gear. The gear is moved via the gear lever on the left side of the cockpit. In the up position, the gear will retract. In the down position, the gear will extend. The gear lever cannot be put up with weight on wheels. The gear will not retract with the launch bar extended.<br />
<br />
===Nosewheel Steering===<br />
The nose gear features nosewheel steering (NWS) controlled by the rudder pedals. With the weight off of the wheels, it is disengaged. It automatically engages upon there being the weight on wheels. NWS is disengaged manually via the button on the stick.<br />
<br />
===Launch Bar===<br />
On the front nosegear is a launch bar that attaches the airplane to a catapult from launches from an aircraft carrier. Its deployment is pilot-controlled, but it is connected to the catapult by the ground crew (DCS default binding is U).<br />
<br />
It is controlled via the launch bar switch on the left upper console. When the switch in the RETRACT position, the launch bar will retract, but physically cannot do so when connected to the catapult. The switch will move to the RETRACT position automatically when there is a weight off wheels. In the EXTEND position, the launch bar will extend if there is the weight on wheels.<br />
<br />
=Autopilot and Autothrottle=<br />
----<br />
The F-14 Tomcat has the ability to automate certain types of flight via its Automatic Flight Control System (AFCS) and Automatic Throttle Control (ATC). The AFCS, or simply the autopilot, control the flight surfaces and the ATC controls the throttles.<br />
<br />
==AFCS==<br />
[[File:afcs.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The Automatic Flight Control System (AFCS), or just the "autopilot", controls the aircraft's flight controls to automate maneuvering. It is interfaced on the autopilot panel via the A/P engage switch. On the autopilot panel, there are 7 modes able to be toggled:<br />
# '''Pitch Stabilizer Augmentation:''' 2-position switch. This switch controls the ability for the pitch to be augmented for dampening.<br />
# '''Roll Stabilizer Augmentation:''' 2-position switch. This switch controls the ability for the roll to be augmented for dampening.<br />
# '''Yaw Stabilizer Augmentation:''' 2-position switch. This switch controls the ability for the yaw to be augmented for dampening.<br />
# '''VEC/PCD/ACL Switch:''' 3-position switch. This switch controls the remote control modes of autopilot with the steering bars and ACLS.<br />
# '''ALT Switch:''' 2-position switch.' This switch controls the ability to maintain the current altitude when autopilot is engaged.<br />
# '''HDG/GT Switch:''' 3-position switch. This switch controls the ability to maintain the current heading when autopilot is engaged.<br />
# '''ENGAGE Switch:''' 2-position switch. This switch engages and disengages the autopilot.<br />
<br />
==ATC==<br />
The automatic throttle control (ATC), or just "autothrottle", controls the physical throttles and thereby automated thrust control. ATC is toggled via ATC engage/disengage switch next to the throttle. When the ATC is engaged, the physical means of the throttle quadrants will begin to move on their own. However, whenever the pilot makes any new movement to the throttle whatsoever, the ATC will disengage to allow pilot control over both of the engines. The ATC is primarily used for landing on a carrier along of the ACLS system.<br />
<br />
=Digital Systems Overview=<br />
----<br />
[[File:displays.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
==Pilot==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat comes with 2 digital display screens in the Pilot cockpit:<br />
* '''Vertical Display Indicator (VDI):''' a multifunction display that allows for the pilot to see their HUD in a form of a repeater, and the [[#Television Camera Set|TCS]].<br />
* '''Horizontal Situation Display Indicator (HSD):''' a multifunction display that allows for the pilot to see their virtual compass for navigation modes, and the [[#AWG-9 Pulse-Doppler Radar|AWG-9 Radar]] from the RIO TID as a repeater.<br />
<br />
===Heads Up Display===<br />
The head-up display (HUD) is a projected display at the front of the cockpit that serves as the primary flight instrument. It also provides various indications for weapon delivery; this section will cover the HUD's indications in NAV master mode. Master mode/weapon-specific indications on the HUD will be covered in the relevant section.<br />
<br />
====Reject Modes====<br />
Via the switches next to the TO button on the displays panel, you are able to "declutter" or remove information off of the HUD.<br />
<br />
==Radar Intercept Officer==<br />
The Radar Intercept Officer (RIO) comes with 3 digital display screens in the RIO cockpit:<br />
* '''Detail Data Display (DDD):''' a dual-purpose display that allows for the RIO to see contacts on the [[#AWG-9 Pulse-Doppler Radar|radar]], based on the range and radar mode.<br />
* '''Tactical Information Display (TID):''' a multi-purpose display that allows for the RIO to see their [[#AWG-9 Pulse-Doppler Radar|AWG-9]] situational awareness, [[#Television Camera Set|TCS]], [[#TARPS Pod|TARPS]] and [[#LANTIRN Targeting Pod|LANTIRN]] pods.<br />
* '''Horizontal Situation Display Indicator (HSD):''' a multi-purpose display as to the one in the pilot cockpit.<br />
<br />
==Master Modes==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat has 5 primarily modes for information displayed. The 5 master modes are:<br />
* '''TO:''' switch. Displays takeoff information on HUD and VDI for degrees.<br />
* '''CRUISE:''' single-purpose button. Displays in-air flight information on HUD and VDI for degrees.<br />
* '''A/A:''' single-purpose button. Displays air-to-air information on HUD and VDI for degrees; and weapon employment.<br />
* '''A/G:''' single-purpose button. Displays air-to-ground information on HUD and VDI for degrees; and weapon employment.<br />
* '''LDG:''' single-purpose button. Displays landing information on HUD and VDI for degrees.<br />
<br />
<br />
Additionally, the F-14 Tomcat has an Air Combat Maneuver (ACM) panel which controls all air-to-air and air-to-ground aspects for armament.<br />
<br />
=Navigation=<br />
----<br />
The F-14 Tomcat has an inertial navigation system (INS) that allows the pilot to navigate by internal gyros aligned. However, due to the fault of having no GPS assistance, these gyros slowly drift over time and cause misalignment for visual information.<br />
<br />
==HSD==<br />
[[File:Hsd.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The Horizontal Situation Display Indicator (HSD) is the primary interface with the airplane's navigation systems. The HSI can be accessed from the bottom display screen. The basic function of the HSI is a rotating compass with a looking-from-above perspective. The controls for this screen are:<br />
# '''BRT Control:''' dial. Controls the brightness of the HSD screen.<br />
# '''HDG Control:''' dial. Controls the heading reference in TACAN mode.<br />
# '''CRS Control:''' dial. Controls the course heading reference in MAN and TACAN modes.<br />
# '''Test Button:''' single-purpose button. Resets the HSD screen if overload protection activates.<br />
# '''BIT Indicator:''' light. Shows a white light if a failure produces in the HSD.<br />
<br />
=== Steering Commands ===<br />
The HSD comes with a set of 5 different steering commands, which each have their own purpose towards displaying certain information:<br />
* '''TACAN:''' single-purpose button. Displays information based off of a radio beacon with range and direction.<br />
* '''DEST:''' single-purpose button. Displays information off of a selected waypoint from the RIO with range and direction.<br />
* '''AWL/PCD:''' single-purpose button. Displays information off of an ICLS frequency with azimuth and elevation bars (on VDI and HUD)<br />
* '''VEC:''' single-purpose button. ? (needs more info.)<br />
* '''MAN:''' single-purpose button. Displays information off of an entered heading (HDG Control) with direction.<br />
<br />
==Waypoints==<br />
The F-14B comes with an onboard flight computer system that handles waypoint navigation during in-air flight. The navigation system in the F-14B Tomcat gives a variety of waypoint holders, along with information for a set home plate.<br />
<br />
===Pilot===<br />
For the F-14B pilot, the waypoint information is able to be accessed by the DEST steering command and by using the NAV HSD display mode.<br />
<br />
===Radar Intercept Officer===<br />
For the F-14B Radar Intercept Officer, (RIO) the waypoints must be manually assigned by the RIO through the Computer Address Panel (CAP) system under the TAC DATA category. Once done, the waypoint must be selected through the CAP and entered in with coordinates similar to how INS alignment procedures are done.<br />
<br />
==TACAN==<br />
Tactical Air Navigation (TACAN) is a military radio navigation system. A TACAN beacon allows for an aircraft to determine its bearing and range from it, and using this information can navigate. TACAN's may be ground-based or be broadcasted by an airplane. TACAN channels have two bands, X and Y, and range from 1-126. 2 TACAN channels may be set present in the aircraft by both the Pilot and RIO for simultaneous use.<br />
<br />
The TACAN setting knobs give a range of these options:<br />
*'''T/R:''' Transmit and receive. Gets bearing and range from the TACAN.<br />
*'''RCV:''' Receive. Gets bearing from the TACAN.<br />
*'''A/A:''' Air-to-air TACAN mode.<br />
*'''X:''' Tunes the selected frequency on the X band.<br />
*'''Y:''' Tunes the selected frequency on the Y band.<br />
<br />
==ICLS==<br />
For night and low visibility operations, aircraft carriers have an Instrument Carrier Landing System (ICLS) to allow for instrument approaches to the carrier. ICLS provides horizontal and vertical guidance. The F-14 is equipped with ICLS.<br />
<br />
To activate the airplane's ICLS antenna, an ICLS dial is present to the right of the warning lights advisory panel, with an ARA on/off switch, used to toggle power to the system.<br />
<br />
When ILS is selected on the HSI, two bars, one horizontal and one vertical, appear near the velocity vector on the HUD. These indicate a vertical and horizontal deviation from the optimal glideslope (3°) and course to the deck. When they are both aligned with the velocity vector (making a "+"), the aircraft is on course.<br />
<br />
==ACLS==<br />
For CAT III conditions and poor visibility, the F-14 is equipped with the Automatic Carrier Landing System (ACLS) to allow an automatic flight to the carrier via. a radio-guided input from a Landing Signal Officer. (LSO) The auto-throttle and autopilot systems must be engaged and present during the time of activation with this system, along with lights given to the left of the VDI display.<br />
<br />
Datalink is required between the aircraft and the carrier in order for ACLS to work. When the best position of the azimuth and glideslope bars are within parameters, the nosewheel steering button is pressed in order to engage guidance.<br />
<br />
==Navigation Failures==<br />
The F-14B has a variety of navigation failures that may/can occur, including methods to fix them.<br />
<br />
===Navigation Fix Update===<br />
An error of latitude or longitude in the computer position of the aircraft can be corrected by a navigation fix update. Updating is especially important in the backup modes (AHRS AM and IMU/ AM) because of the estimated winds and magnetic variation changes. A nav fix is done via a ground-reference-point (latitude and longitude) position. The range and bearing of this position to the present aircraft position are used to update or correct existing values. The nav system may be updated by either a radar fix, a TACAN fix, or a visual fix.<br />
<br />
Before performing a nav fix, the latitude and longitude of the desired update point (radar, TACAN, or visual) must be stored in one of eight navigation point locations (three WPs, FIX PT, HOME BASE, HOST AREA, DEF PT, and IP). This data can be stored prior to flight by data link or by manual insertion. Then follow these steps:<br />
<br />
# Hook the Waypoint you choose to select for the nav fix.<br />
# Check the stored latitude and longitude on the TID.<br />
# Rotate the CATEGORY switch to NAV and select the desired type of update.<br />
<br />
<br />
Note that updating the position while in INS, and to a lesser degree while in IMU, can introduce a greater navigational position error than already present, in particular, if radar fix is used to update the nav system. Updates with a visual or TACAN fix provide reasonable accuracy (assuming a good MAG VAR during TACAN updates). Updating your nav system via a nav fix should be primarily used in the AHRS mode.<br />
<br />
===Radar Fix Update===<br />
An RDR FIX may be selected before or after positioning the DDD cursors. If the RDR FIX button is depressed, the computer computes the present position of the aircraft by measuring the range and bearing from the selected point. The delta between the computer position and the position determined by the INS is then displayed on the TID. If the entry of this delta into the navigation computations is desired, press the FIX ENABLE button. If the delta does not appear to be correct, the computer and the readout can be cleared by pressing the RDR FIX button. The fix may then be attempted again. The RIO should also perform periodic checks of own aircraft system altitude and update the altitude if necessary.<br />
<br />
Radar updating is performed as follows:<br />
<br />
# TID CURSOR/CAP - Hook Desired Navigation Point for Update.<br />
# PULSE SRCH button - Depress.<br />
# On sensor control panel: STAB switch - IN. EL BARS switch - 1. AZ SCAN switch - As Desired.<br />
# RDR FIX button - Depress.<br />
# DDD CURSOR button - Depress.<br />
# Action switch - Half Action (first detent).<br />
# Cursor is displayed on DDD.<br />
# Manipulate hand control DDD cursor over desired ground map point.<br />
# Action switch - Full Action and Release. (This will cause the DDD cursor to remain at the selected position.<br />
# Observe the delta for LAT and LONG on TID.<br />
# If readouts are unsatisfactory, deselect RDR FIX and repeat steps 4 through 12.<br />
# FIX ENABLE button - Depress.<br />
<br />
===TACAN Update===<br />
To perform a nav fix by TACAN requires that a restored waypoint shares identical LAT and LONG values with the TACAN station that will be used for the fix. Select the TACAN channel for the desired station and verify by listening to the coded identifier tone in the headset.<br />
<br />
Press the TACAN FIX button to update the aircraft position from a TACAN station. The WCS computer then calculates the own aircraft position error based on the range and bearing from the TACAN station. The delta is then entered in the same manner as with a radar fix.<br />
<br />
Perform a TACAN fix following these steps:<br />
<br />
# Select a TACAN channel whose latitude and longitude correspond to an update point.<br />
# Hook desired update point (WAYPT 1, FIX PT, HOME BASE, etc.).<br />
# CATEGORY switch - NAV.<br />
# TACAN FIX button - Depress.<br />
# Observe present position delta readout.<br />
# If delta is unsatisfactory, deselect TACAN FIX and repeat steps 2 through 7.<br />
# FIX ENABLE button - Depress.<br />
<br />
===Visual Update===<br />
To perform a visual fix, fly over a restored waypoint and press the VIS FIX button. Estimate your timing, because the aircraft nose and fuselage can obscure the fixed point during an overflight. It is also difficult to estimate when directly overhead a waypoint if the aircraft altitude is greater than 10.000 feet. The delta for the visual fix is displayed on the TID. Enter the delta by pressing FIX ENABLE.<br />
<br />
To perform a visual fix use the following steps:<br />
<br />
# Hook desired update point (WAY PT, HB, IP, etc.).<br />
# Select NAV category on CAP.<br />
# Overfly the selected restored point and when over the point, depress the VIS FIX button on the cap.<br />
# If the delta is not satisfactory, press VIS FIX again to clear the delta and repeat from step 1.<br />
# If a satisfactory delta is displayed, depress the FIX ENABLE button; this causes the delta correction of own-aircraft position to be inserted into the computer.<br />
<br />
===Datalink Update===<br />
To perform a data link update of the aircraft INS to the TDS frame of reference, the aircraft and TDS must share a prebriefed waypoint, identical in latitude and longitude. Enter this LAT/LONG data into the HOST AREA pseudo target file. The TDS will uplink the common reference point as a data link waypoint. When the aircraft and TDS INS systems agree, the data link waypoint and host area symbols will be superimposed on the TID. If they drift apart, the two pseudo targets on the TID will drift as well.<br />
<br />
To perform an update via data link, use the following steps:<br />
<br />
# Hook data link waypoint corresponding prebriefed reference point.<br />
# Select NAV category on CAP.<br />
# Overfly the hooked data link waypoint. When immediately over the point, press VIS FIX button on CAP.<br />
# Observe delta LAT and LONG on TID.<br />
# If deltas are satisfactory and update is desired, depress FIX ENABLE.<br />
# After a data link update, HOST AREA and data link waypoint should be superimposed on the TID again.<br />
<br />
===Fighter-to-Fighter Navigation Update===<br />
Net aircraft that use fighter-to-fighter data link can update their navigation system in the FF/DL mode. To update LAT/LONG hook the net aircraft symbol of an aircraft that is in close proximity and select F/F NAV UPDATE on the CAP. This will enter the hooked aircraft’s coordinates into the INS as own-aircraft coordinates. To update the nav system on an aircraft that is not close, first obtain a radar STT on that aircraft, hook the STT-ed aircraft on the TID and then press F/F NAV UPDATE on the CAP.<br />
<br />
=Defensive Systems=<br />
----<br />
The F-14B is equipped with various defensive systems: the AN/ALE-39 Countermeasure Dispensing System (CMDS), for the release of chaff and flares, the AN/ALQ-126 Deception ECM (DECM), for jamming enemy radar, and the AN/ALR-67 Radar Warning Reciever (RWR), for detection of enemy radar emitters and missile launches.<br />
<br />
==AN/ALR-67 RWR==<br />
[[File:alr-67.png|thumb|400px]]<br />
The AN/ALR-67 Radar Warning Receiver (RWR) provides the Hornet the ability to detect radars via the radio/microwave radiation they emit.<br />
<br />
===Audio Tones===<br />
Accompanying the RWR are various audio feedback tones:<br />
*'''Single Beep:''' A new ground- or sea-based emitter has been detected.<br />
*'''Double Beep:''' A new airborne emitter has been detected.<br />
*'''Repeating Beep:''' An emitter is tracking.<br />
*'''Faster Repeating Beep:''' An emitter is guiding a missile or is a missile.<br />
<br />
<br />
On the RWR gauge, the RWR knob will control the volume of the RWR tones.<br />
<br />
===Emitter Identifiers===<br />
''This list is, at present, not complete.''<br />
{|class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"<br />
!Type<br />
!RWR ID<br />
|-<br />
|U<br />
|Unknown<br />
|-<br />
|M<br />
|Active radar-homing missile<br />
|-<br />
|S<br />
|Search radar<br />
|-<br />
|3<br />
|SA-3 "Goa"<br />
|-<br />
|6<br />
|SA-6 "Gainful"<br />
|-<br />
|8<br />
|SA-8 "Gecko"<br />
|-<br />
|10<br />
|SA-10 "Grumble"<br />
|-<br />
|11<br />
|SA-11 "Gadfly"<br />
|-<br />
|11<br />
|F-111 Aardvark<br />
|-<br />
|12<br />
|SA-12 "Gladiator"<br />
|-<br />
|13<br />
|SA-13 "Gopher"<br />
|-<br />
|13<br />
|C-130 Hercules<br />
|-<br />
|14<br />
|F-14 Tomcat<br />
|-<br />
|15<br />
|F-15 Eagle<br />
|-<br />
|15 <br />
|SA-15 "Gauntlet"<br />
|-<br />
|16<br />
|F-16 Fighting Falcon<br />
|-<br />
|17<br />
|C-17 Globemaster III<br />
|-<br />
|18<br />
|F/A-18 Hornet<br />
|-<br />
|22<br />
|Tu-22 "Blinder"<br />
|-<br />
|23<br />
|MiG-23 "Flogger"<br />
|-<br />
|24<br />
|Su-24 "Fencer"<br />
|-<br />
|25<br />
|MiG-25 "Foxbat"<br />
|-<br />
|29<br />
|MiG-29 "Fulcrum"<br />
|-<br />
|29<br />
|Su-27 "Flanker"<br />
|-<br />
|29<br />
|Su-33 "Flanker-D"<br />
|-<br />
|30<br />
|Su-30 "Flanker-C"<br />
|-<br />
|31<br />
|MiG-31 "Foxhound"<br />
|-<br />
|34<br />
|Su-34 "Fullback"<br />
|-<br />
|39<br />
|Su-25M "Frogfoot"<br />
|-<br />
|40<br />
|''Spruance''-class destroyer<br />
|-<br />
|48<br />
|''Nimitz''-class carrier<br />
|-<br />
|49<br />
|''Oliver Hazard Perry''-class frigate<br />
|-<br />
|50<br />
|A-50 "Mainstay"<br />
|-<br />
|52<br />
|B-52 Stratofortress<br />
|-<br />
|76<br />
|IL-76 "Candid"<br />
|-<br />
|78<br />
|IL-78 "Midas"<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==AN/ALE-39 CMDS==<br />
[[File:f14 cms.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The AN/ALE-39 is the countermeasures dispensing set installed in the F-14B in this simulation. It controls its own set of launchers located between the engine nozzles on the underside of the so-called beaver-tail. The launchers each have two sections, one containing 10 cartridges and the other 20. They are referred to the left and right dispensers even though the left is really the front one and the right the back one with both being mounted inline on the left side of the tailhook. This is a remnant from the earliest model F-14s carrying the AN/ALE-29.<br />
<br />
This all sums up to a capacity of 60 cartridges in the system with each section necessarily holding one type of cartridges meaning that any combination of cartridges is possible as long as each type’s quantity is a multiple of 10. The system itself has no real knowledge of what is loaded where so incorrectly programming the system can lead to the wrong type of cartridge being ejected.<br />
<br />
===Cockpit Controls===<br />
The system itself can be operated manually from the control panel in the RIO pit or the DLC thumbwheel on the pilot stick when the flaps lever is in the up position. It is also capable of running programmed sequences of ejection which in turn can be initiated manually by the RIO from the control panel or the direction hats mounted on the handhold over the DDD. In addition, the AN/ALR-67 can also initiate the chaff ejection program if set up correctly on the AN/ALE-39 control panel.<br />
<br />
==AN/ALQ-126 DECM==<br />
The AN/ALQ-126 deception jammer is designed to detect radar threats, analyze them, select the optimum countermeasure technique available and apply it. Available techniques for jamming are amongst others, main lobe blanking, inverse con-scan, range-gate pull-off and swept square modes. In DCS this is modeled as a simple noise jammer due to engine limitations but controlled by the DECM logic as to when it’s on or off.<br />
<br />
===Cockpit Controls===<br />
The controls for the AN/ALQ-126 DECM are all located on the right horizontal panel in the RIO pit, the panel as the image above. In addition, there are two indication lights co-located with the RWR threat indicators on the right side of the TID. The mode selector knob controls power and operational mode that the system is in. The modes for the DECM are as follows:<br />
<br />
* '''OFF:''' turns off power to the system. STBY begins pre-warming of the system, taking in all-around 5 minutes.<br />
* '''TEST HOLD 3 SEC:''' is used to prepare the system for BIT, after 3 seconds in this mode, turn the knob to TEST - ACT.<br />
* '''TEST ACT:''' starts the BIT in the system. The BIT takes approximately 30 seconds and the RCV light will be illuminated the whole time while the XMIT light will flash twice. If the STANDBY light illuminates it indicates that a no-go condition exists in the system.<br />
* '''REC:''' enables the system to receive the only mode, enabling analyzation of threats and also the threat audio.<br />
* '''RPT:''' enables full system functionality, in addition to REC it also now tries to jam threats according to the selected method.<br />
<br />
=Television Camera Set=<br />
----<br />
[[File:tcs_symbology.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The F-14B is outfitted with the ALQ-100 Television Camera Set (TCS) pod, used for visually identifying aircraft during the time of which IFF was not a trusted/more inferior method to confirming hostile aircraft and to keep track of their position, as well as their living status.<br />
<br />
==Symbology==<br />
On the TID, in non-TV mode, a TCS track is indicated by a 1.5” strobe at TCS LOS azimuth with a hollow circle at the end.<br />
<br />
The symbology on the video feed from the TCS has indicators for the FOV and two crosshairs indicating TCS LOS relative own aircraft, GACH, and AN/AWG-9 radar LOS relative TCS LOS, RACH. Additionally, the track window is indicated by 4 small squares representing each corner of that window.<br />
<br />
The gimbal angle crosshairs or GACH, which is a solid cross, indicate deflection of the TCS LOS from the aircraft datum line, ADL. GACH crosshair in the center indicates TCS LOS along ADL and deflection towards the edges indicate deflection towards the gimbal limits with the video edges being maximum deflection.<br />
<br />
RACH or radar angle crosshairs, a dashed crosshair, indicate radar antenna LOS when inside the current TCS FOV. When the sensors slave to one another RACH and GACH will coincide creating a single solid crosshair.<br />
<br />
The track window indicates the area that the TCS contrast tracker is currently locked on to if it has acquired a target. When not in an active track these squares collapse into the center of the display being 2% of the screen width when in manual mode and 5% when in an auto mode.<br />
<br />
=LANTIRN Targeting Pod=<br />
----<br />
[[File:flir.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The F-14B can carry the AN/AAQ-14 Low Altitude Navigation and Targeting Infrared For Night (LANTIRN) targeting pod. This pod consists of a Forward-Looking Infrared (FLIR) camera (which also includes a digital charged coupled device camera) for target locating and observing, a Laser Target Designator/Ranger for firing a laser that both designates targets for laser-homing weapons and gathers ranging information for designating whatever the FLIR is pointed at as an air-to-ground, and a Laser Spot Tracker (LST) which can search for and track a laser, allowing for the FLIR to be cued onto an offboard (ground or air-designated) laser from another unit and then designate a Target off said point; this allows for most effective buddy-lasing. The targeting pod can be used in both air-to-ground and air-to-air functions, but the LTD/R and LST are only used for A/G operation.<br />
<br />
==Symbology==<br />
The following areas on the LANTIRN are to represent:<br />
# '''A/C Position Data:''' Displays aircraft LAT/LON, altitude, and groundspeed information.<br />
# '''LANTIRN Polarity:''' Displays white or hot background. AGC is for automatic gain control, MGC is for manual gain control.<br />
# '''LANTIRN Information:''' Gives general information on the pod. SR is for slant range, AZ/EL for azimuth/elevation of sight, and rest is UTC time.<br />
# '''LANTIRN Track Mode:''' Displays the current tracking mode. A/A is for air-to-air, A/G is for air-to-ground. Right side is for current selected weapon.<br />
# '''Track Data:''' Displays information of LAT/LON and altitude of where the sight is at.<br />
# '''Track:''' Displays the hairs for point and area track, and what the sight is directly pointed at.<br />
# '''Launch Envelopes:''' The top tape is for the heading relative of the aircraft to the track. The right side tape is for the release point.<br />
<br />
=TARPS Pod=<br />
----<br />
Not yet implemented.<br />
<br />
=Air-to-Air Radar=<br />
----<br />
==Detail Data Display==<br />
[[File:f14 ddd.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
Among the 3 digital displays, the Detail Data Display gives the RIO information about contacts from the AWG-9 radar in terms of range and radar mode, with respect to the notch filter.<br />
<br />
===Notch Filter===<br />
The AWG-9 radar in the F-14B Tomcat has a notch filter when using the pulse-doppler radar modes under certain conditions. These conditions include, but are not limited to:<br />
<br />
* ~100 knot difference of the aircraft relative to contact<br />
* Contact flying 90 degrees perpendicular CW/CCW to aircraft<br />
* Masking with ground terrain scan return<br />
<br />
<br />
There is a rough line shown in the radar modes, likewise of the jamming lobe, for when considering the notch filter that the contact will disappear from.<br />
<br />
==Tactical Information Display==<br />
[[File:f14 tid.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The Tactical Information Display (TID) gives the RIO of the F-14B the main information on the AWG-9 radar, including situational awareness, range, altitude, and contact heading.<br />
<br />
===Display Modes===<br />
The TID comes with a total of 8 display modes available, that can be toggled either on or off for purposes of gathering more information or decluttering:<br />
<br />
* '''RID DISABLE:''' ? needs more info. Not yet implemented.<br />
* '''ALT NUM:''' Displays the altitude of contact with a singular digit rounded to the nearest thousand.<br />
* '''SYM ELEM:''' Displays the symbology of contacts corresponding to HAFU.<br />
* '''DATA LINK:''' Displays contacts from the datalink frequency.<br />
* '''JAM STROBE:''' Displays the jamming strobes. Not yet implemented.<br />
* '''NON-ATTK:''' Displays determined (manual IFF or datalink) HAFU of friendly contacts.<br />
* '''VEL VECTOR:''' Displays the velocity vectors of contacts.<br />
* '''LAUNCH ZONE:''' Displays contact approximate missile launch zones.<br />
<br />
==AN/AWG-9 Radar==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat is equipped with the AN/AWG-9 all-weather and pulse-doppler radar. It is a very long-range radar used for the main purpose of intercept.<br />
<br />
===Radar Modes===<br />
The AWG-9 in the F-14B comes with 2 types of radar modes: doppler and pulse-doppler search. Of those two, subsets are able to be observed as 5 in this list:<br />
<br />
* '''PD SRCH:''' Pulse-Doppler Search mode. No bias factor of the radar, but impedes to pulse-doppler methods.<br />
* '''PD STT:''' Pulse-Doppler Single Target Track mode. By default upon acquiring a lock with the AWG-9, the radar will move to this function mode. It is currently suspectable to the notch filter.<br />
* '''RWS:''' Range While Search mode. The radar will prioritize the range of targets but not other factors. Falls under pulse-doppler.<br />
* '''TWS MAN:''' Track While Scan - Manual mode. The radar will prioritize the situational awareness of other targets but not give information on every target. The radar will also prioritize targets by threat importance.<br />
* '''TWS AUTO:''' Track While Scan - Auto mode. The radar will perform the same as TWS Man, but the elevation and azimuth controls will be automated in the process for an optimal scan.<br />
* '''PULSE SRCH:''' Pulse Search mode. No bias factor of the radar and can not be impeded to the notch filter, unlike the pulse-doppler method. The radar will, however, output a return of everything that is scanned and requires tuning.<br />
* '''PULSE STT:''' Pulse Single Target Track mode. Performing similarly to Pulse Search mode, this function mode applies to only a single target and is not suspectable to the notch filter.<br />
<br />
====Pulse-Doppler Search Mode====<br />
[[File:f14 pulsedoppler.png|thumb|350px]]<br />
The pulse-doppler search mode is used mainly as a kind of early warning mode. It is the search mode with the greatest detection range but it can display no range to the RIO, only closure rate. For this reason, the TID can display no track information.<br />
<br />
====Pulse-Doppler STT Mode====<br />
[[File:f14 pdstt.png|thumb|350px]]<br />
The pulse-doppler STT works and looks much like the pulse STT mode. It does, however, have the same advantages and disadvantages compared to pulse STT as the other pulse-doppler modes compared to the pulse modes. This means that while much better at tracking a target close to the ground it is however vulnerable to notching.<br />
<br />
The DDD display for pulse-doppler STT looks like pulse STT display except that the target return and antenna azimuth display are moved to the left side of the screen and a generated synthetic target marker is displayed at the correct azimuth instead. This is so that the targets range can be displayed by the synthetic target, unlike the other pulse-doppler modes which only shows closure rate. The other symbology on the DDD in this mode are the same as in pulse STT.<br />
<br />
====Range While Search Mode====<br />
In range while search, a frequency measuring ranging mode is added (FM ranging) to allow the radar to measure the range of tracked targets in addition to closure rate. This additional processing does, however, mean that the effective range of the radar is somewhat lesser. The display on the DDD is the same as in pulse-doppler search, the TID however also shows tracks in this mode showing the targets as tracks momentarily as they’re scanned and displaying their position and altitude. <br />
<br />
The targets are shown for a maximum of two seconds or until the antenna again scans the same bar at the same azimuth at which time it is removed unless detected again. The maximum number of concurrently shown tracks are 48.<br />
<br />
====TWS Manual Mode====<br />
The track, while scan mode uses the same FM ranging as RWS with the same reduction in range compared to pulse-doppler search and the DDD display, is also the same. The main difference that the computer establishes track files and tracks up to 24 targets concurrently of which 18 can be shown on the TID at any given time.<br />
<br />
As the computer routine calculating these tracks need a set track refresh time of 2 seconds this limits available azimuth scan area and bar settings to either 20° 4 bars or 40° 2 bars. When entering TWS the computer automatically selects the ±20° 4 bar scan disregarding the RIO set scan volumes unless those are set to ±40° 2 bars in which case that is used instead.<br />
<br />
The TWS mode is also the only mode enabling guidance of the AIM-54 at multiple targets (up to six), and as soon as engageable targets are detected the computer starts assigning them a missile priority number according to optimal missile firing sequence.<br />
<br />
====TWS Auto Mode====<br />
Performing similarly to TWS Man mode, what differs between the two is that in TWS auto the computer takes control of used scan volume and scan pattern azimuth and elevation as soon as target tracks are present. The WCS computer automatically tries to optimize the scan volume and direction so that tracking of the prioritized targets is maximized. If not selected before launch the WCS overrides as soon as the first AIM-54 is launched and selects TWS Auto.<br />
<br />
====Pulse Search Mode====<br />
[[File:f14 pulse.png|thumb|350px]]<br />
Pulse search is used to search for and find airborne targets at range. It is possible to use this radar mode as a basic ground mapper as well which can be useful for navigation and navigational fixes and can also be used in a pinch to detect larger surface targets like ships. Keep in mind though that the radar is not built with this as its main function and that a real air-to-ground radar will outperform it handily.<br />
<br />
In this mode, the radar cannot by itself differentiate targets and generate tracks meaning that the WCS will not generate track files and display anything on the TID. This also means that pulse search is not capable of guiding missiles.<br />
<br />
====Pulse STT Mode====<br />
[[File:f14 pstt.png|thumb|350px]]<br />
Pulse STT is used to track a single target, like pulse search mode it is not susceptible to notching but it is to ground clutter. The fact that the STT modes use gates to track the target, in this case, range gates, means that it is less susceptible to ground clutter but a target close enough to the ground that the ground return enters the range gates would be likely to shake the lock.<br />
<br />
As it is only in the pulse-doppler modes that the missile guidance commands can be sent pulse STT is limited to launching AIM-7s in CW mode and AIM-54s in an active launch mode limiting their ranges. At short ranges, ACM ranges, it is possible to use the ASPECT switch to set what aspect of the target to track, this is just to counter different types of countermeasures. As an example, if set to NOSE the radar will be less susceptible to chaff as the radar weights its track towards the targets leading-edge (nose) away from the chaff being launched behind the target.<br />
<br />
A successful track is indicated by the ANT TRK and RDROT indicator lights on the DDD, meaning that the antenna is tracking the target and that the target is within the range gates. If the target is jamming with sufficient strength, negating a range track, the radar will transition to a jam angle track instead, indicated by the JAT indicator light on the DDD illuminating instead of the RDROT. When range tracking is again possible at closer ranges the radar will transition to that instead.<br />
<br />
The DDD in this mode will be similar to the pulse search mode but the antenna will be locked onto the target and not scan. Additionally, the DDD will show the range gates around the target, a closing rate symbol at the right scale and applicable attack symbology if a valid missile is selected.<br />
<br />
===Anti-Jamming Modes===<br />
Not yet implemented.<br />
<br />
===AN/APX-76 IFF Interrogator===<br />
The AN/APX-76 IFF (Identification Friend or Foe) interrogator is integrated into the AN/AWG-9 operation. Then interrogator antenna itself is located on the AN/AWG-9 antenna gimbal platform. An IFF system works by sending out an interrogation pulse and then listening for returns from cooperating transponders. In addition to the unencrypted civilian mode the AN/APX-76 is capable of interrogating in the encrypted military mode 4. This ensures that targets replying to mode 4 interrogations are indeed friendly. The AN/APX-76 can be used both in search radar modes and in STT radar modes. To enable interrogation the IFF switch is depressed on the Detail Data Display Panel which then activates the interrogator for as long as the button is held up to 10 seconds max.<br />
<br />
When enabled IFF received IFF returns are then overlaid on the normal AN/AWG-9 radar returns on the DDD. A friendly target will be indicated with two bars, one above and one below the normal radar return. As the AN/APX-76 is a separate radar, secondary mode, radar apart from the AWG-9 the IFF can sometimes also detect targets not detected by the AWG-9. In this case the IFF return will not have a radar echo inside it. In the search mode this is overlaid over each target replying and in STT over the STT target. Additionally, if the STT target is hooked on the TID the DDD will switch from normal range display to a ±10 NM display to enable display of multiple returns in case of closely grouped targets.<br />
<br />
==HAFU/Datalink==<br />
[[File:HAFU.png|right|80px]]<br />
Hostile, Ambiguous, Friendly or Unknown (HAFU) is a symbology system used by the F/A-18 to represent trackfiles; specifically, to show its status as a friendly or hostile. It is usually what trackfiles are displayed as across the software.<br />
<br />
There are four HAFU symbols:<br />
*'''Triangle:''' Hostile (red when colored)<br />
*'''Thick Staple:''' Ambiguous (yellow when colored)<br />
*'''Half-Circle:''' Friendly (green when colored)<br />
*'''Thin Staple:''' Unknown (yellow when colored)<br />
<br />
<br />
All types except ambiguous can be manually assigned via the [[#SA Format|Situational Awareness]] format. Tracks will also be automatically identified as explained below.<br />
<br />
A hostile HAFU will be assigned whenever:<br />
* A negative IFF response is returned, and<br />
** An NCTR print returns with an aircraft type that is on the hostile coalition; or<br />
** A SURV (surveillance, like an AWACS) source over datalink also marks it hostile; or<br />
** A F/F (fighter-fighter, like another F/A-18) source over datalink also marks it hostile.<br />
<br />
<br />
An ambiguous HAFU will be assigned when the aircraft and a donor have conflicting identifications (friendly and hostile).<br />
<br />
A friendly HAFU will be assigned whenever an IFF interrogation returns as friendly or the track itself is contributed to by the Precise Participant Location and Identification (PPLI) system.<br />
<br />
An unknown HAFU will be assigned by default until it is updated by meeting one of the requirements above.<br />
<br />
=Air-to-Air Weapons=<br />
----<br />
This area will cover over all the different air-to-air weapons brought with the F-14B Tomcat.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Air Gun==<br />
[[File:f14 gun aa.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
''Using Real-Time mode.''<br />
<br />
The F-14 Tomcat is outfitted with the M61A1 Vulcan 6-barreled Gatling cannon, being able to hold up a maximum of 675 rounds internally.<br />
<br />
===Gun Rates===<br />
The cannon offers 2 modes of combat in the F-14B: <br />
<br />
* '''LOW:''' mode which slows down the muzzle rate, used for Air-to-Ground.<br />
* '''HIGH:''' mode which is to be used for Basic Fighter Maneuvering. (BFM)<br />
<br />
===Gun Modes===<br />
The cannon for Air-to-Air mode is able to be placed into 2 following positions:<br />
<br />
* '''Manual:''' this mode is able to be selected by depressing the CAGE/SEAM button, which will then only display the pipper and ammo count.<br />
* '''Real-Time:''' this mode is the regular, default mode. Along with a radar lock, the pipper will calculate to be accurate when directed to the diamond contact box. This will also give a closure rate towards the contact and the range relative to the aircraft.<br />
<br />
===Symbology===<br />
<br />
The symbology for the cannon is displayed on the HUD with the weapon master selector in the GUN position, and display in A/A. By default, the gun rounds indicator will be displayed as 0 for rounds per 100. Located next to the display panel to the right is the gun ammo counter. Additionally, the gunsight elevation is also able to be adjusted underneath the steer commands on the display panel.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Air Missiles==<br />
===AIM-54 Phoenix===<br />
The AIM-54 is a long-range, semi-active radar missile for Air-to-Air use. The F-14 was the only aircraft to carry it in service and was used to take down Soviet bombers. However, it is able to be used on fighters as well. The AIM-54 comes with a proximity fuse and missile gate suite for non-direct contact explosions and radar tracking methods. <br />
<br />
Upon the launch of the missile, active input from the AN/AWG-9 radar is used to guide itself towards the contact. When reaching pitbull range (~20 nmi.) the missile will then use the radar in itself and steer until impact. <br />
<br />
The time until impact will be calculated during the whole flight of the missile after the launch sequence on the TID as a seconds counter next to the contact.<br />
<br />
====Missile Variants====<br />
The AIM-54 for the F-14 in DCS is not only just 1 variant but 2 provided for the aircraft:<br />
<br />
* '''AIM-54A Mk.60:''' The A variant Mk.60 is a specific version of the AIM-54 Phoenix which utilizes burn time and speed over agility and smoke. The Mk.60 is able to be fired from at most ~100 nmi. under optimal conditions, factoring altitude, kinetic airspeed, contact airspeed, and altitude. The recommended firing distance of the variant, however, is ~45 nmi.<br />
* '''AIM-54C Mk.47:''' The C variant Mk.47 is a later upgrade to the missile that utilizes agility and smoke over burn time and speed. While the C variant provides a no-smoke solution, it lacks the favoring of speed and distance. Under optimal conditions similar to the A, this missile variant is best at ~60 nmi. The recommended distance to contact for firing is ~30 nmi.<br />
<br />
====Launch Modes====<br />
The main seeker in the AIM-54 is able to be fired through 3 launch modes in according:<br />
<br />
# '''Semi-active Radar Homing (SARH):''' In the first stage of the AIM-54 engagement, the missile is guided semi-actively by the AN/AWG-9 radar using both guidance commands transmitted via the radar and radar energy reflected off the target. Then when the missile is within range of its seeker’s ARH mode the AN/AWG-9 commands the missile to switch to ARH. In pulse doppler STT the AIM-54 uses SARH all the way to the target receiving guidance commands at a greater rate than in TWS and also continuous spotlighting of the target because of the STT mode being used. This increases the effective range of the AIM-54 seeker slightly.<br />
# '''Active Radar Homing (ARH):''' This tells the WCS to immediately command the AIM-54 to go active in the first guidance command after launch. If launched at a target within 6 NM if in the targets rear hemisphere or 10 NM miles if in its forward hemisphere the WCS will also automatically command this mode instead of a SARH mode. If the target is not detected actively by the seeker it will still fall back to SARH until the seeker can acquire on its own like in the two SARH modes.<br />
# '''ACM Active:''' The missile is commanded active before launch making this the only mode where the missile is truly fire and forget. The AIM-54 missile receives the active message before launch from the WCS in addition to a command prepositioning the seeker-head to have it look at the current WCS track if available.<br />
<br />
====HUD Symbology====<br />
[[File:f14 aim54 hud.png|thumb|400px]]<br />
The pilot will receive standard symbology of the AIM-54 missile selected when the display is in A/A mode. Similar to the GUNS format, displayed on the HUD will be the weapon type denoted in 2 letters, and the number of missiles. Additionally, any more advanced symbology will occur by lock, which is required at first to fire the missile without "mad-dogging."<br />
<br />
===AIM-7 Sparrow===<br />
The AIM-7 Sparrow is an active-radar guided missile for Air-to-Air employment. This missile requires an active radar lock to a contact in order to guide itself for impact. The benefit of this missile is that it is able to lose trackoing guidance if the aircraft breaks the lock on a friendly contact, as well as being able to be used in a mixed scenario.<br />
<br />
The maximum range of the Sparrow under optimal conditions as the Phoenix is ~25 nmi. The recommended distance, however, is roughly ~10 nmi.<br />
<br />
===AIM-9 Sidewinder===<br />
The AIM-9 Sidewinder is an IR-guided missile that self tracks based off of thermal energy (heat) of an aircraft. This missile should be used for close quarters range, where agility and speed are a high priority. The benefit of this missile is how quickly it can turn onto a contact. However, a con to this can be "sun-aiming," where the missile follows a contact that flies directly to the sun and immediately flanks out of the sensor sight of the Sidewinder.<br />
<br />
The maximum range on this missile is ~10 nmi., but recommended range is within ~5 nmi. under optimal conditions.<br />
<br />
=Air-to-Ground Weapons=<br />
----<br />
The F-14B Tomcat comes with a variety of air-to-ground weapons after the upgrade to the Bombcat.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Ground Gun==<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Ground Bombs==<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
===Mk-20/81/82/83/84 GPB===<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
===GBU-12/14/16 LGB===<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
===BDU-33 Training Bomb===<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
===ADM-141 TALD===<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Ground Rockets==<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
=Resources=<br />
----<br />
==Manuals & Documents==<br />
* [https://info.publicintelligence.net/F14AAP-1B.pdf F-14B NATOPS Pocket Checklist]<br />
* [http://www.heatblur.se/F-14Manual/ Heatblur F-14 Manual]<br />
<br />
==Heatblur's Videos==<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q1o7E9pb95Y Episode 1: Overview]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OO3IdQjAdDA Episode 2: Pilot's Cockpit Walkaround]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ws1GxPG2ZXw Episode 3: Cold And Dark (Full Startup)]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kgpGO7fj4oU Episode 4: The RIO's Office]<br />
<br />
==Jabbers' Tutorial Videos==<br />
(They're good!)<br />
<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2qwlJs__iYk Pilot - Startup/Taxi/Takeoff with JESTER AI]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b5opjCygZug Pilot - Maneuvering and Flight Characteristics]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f4y2oZ-7rM8 Pilot - Air-to-Air Refueling]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ujk4hL_EnUc Pilot - ACM - Radar Acquisition Modes]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wftck0C3fJ8 Pilot - Weapons - Zuni Rockets with JESTER AI]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4m-Q02gxFEA Pilot - Weapons - AIM-9 Sidewinder]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SWeHtpJ00JI RIO - Startup]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r4-Dd4ss2Rc RIO - AWG-9 Radar]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YG7sWweg2RQ RIO - IFF Interrogation]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2q-bHFyTEr8 Overview - AIM-54C Mk.47 Phoenix - Tacview Debrief]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PyAQpqVhtBY Overview - AIM-54A Mk.60 Phoenix - Tacview Debrief]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4groy-_Bxfk Quick Tips - AIM-54 Phoenix]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Is3AtOX-abw Quick Tips - Bombing]</div>Siriushttps://wiki.hoggitworld.com/index.php?title=F-14A/B&diff=10604F-14A/B2019-09-06T16:12:32Z<p>Sirius: /* AIM-9 Sidewinder */</p>
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<br />
''Credits to Jak for having the [[F/A-18C]] page serve as a guide and filler content on related systems.''<br />
<br />
The Grumman '''F-14A/B''' Tomcat is a two-seat, twin-engine supersonic variable wing-sweep fighter aircraft. The F-14 was the first US fighter jet with twin tails and was the largest & heaviest US fighter to ever fly from an aircraft carrier. The reason that the F-14 was so incredibly large and heavy was that it carried the large AWG-9 radar and accompanying AIM-54 Phoenix (air-to-air) missiles: this very capable combination allowed the F-14 to make shots of up to 200 nautical miles at the bad guys. Also, being big means you can carry a lot of fuel!<br />
<br />
Of course, the practical range of the AWG-9 is rather more limited, especially if you are shooting at more maneuverable fighter-sized targets, but even at these closer ranges, the AIM-54 Phoenix is still a capable missile that should not be underestimated. The F-14 is also capable of carrying an array of air-to-ground weapons, such as dumb bombs in both high and low drag forms, air-to-ground Zuni rockets and even laser-guided bombs, which can be self-designated using the LANTIRN targeting pod on the F-14.<br />
<br />
Most people will recognize and adore the F-14 because of its stardom presence in that one weird volleyball movie from the '80s. Its on-screen presence in movies will make the F-14 to appear docile and easy to fly, but due to lack of a fly-by-wire the F-14 can be a real handful: it being a pilot's aircraft however makes it fun to fly and learn. The analogous nature of the F-14 (comparable to the F-5E II Tigershark) will give you a good knowledge of the airplane over time but requires a bit of a different mindset that the computerized flight of the F/A-18C and the F-15.<br />
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__TOC__<br />
<br />
=Weapons List=<br />
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==Implemented==<br />
Partially or fully implemented weapons of the F14/A/B Tomcat:<br />
* M61 Vulcan Six-Barreled Gatling Gun<br />
* AIM-7M/F Sparrow<br />
* CAP/AIM-9M Sidewinder<br />
* AIM-54A Phoenix Mk. 60<br />
* AIM-54C Phoenix Mk. 47<br />
* Mk-81, 82, 83, and 84 <br />
* GBU-10, 12, 16, and 24 <br />
* MK-20 Rockeye<br />
* Zuni Rockets<br />
* BDU-33 Practice Bombs<br />
* ADM-141 TALD<br />
* LUU-2 Parachute Flare<br />
* Smokewinder<br />
* LANTIRN Pod<br />
* FPU-1 Fuel Tank<br />
<br />
==Planned==<br />
Weapons not yet implemented into the Tomcat:<br />
* TARPS Pod<br />
<br />
=Hands On Throttle And Stick (HOTAS)=<br />
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==Throttle==<br />
[[File:throttle.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The throttle of the F-14 Tomcat consists of 2 quadrants, both for the left and right engines. There is an afterburner detent along with a cutoff detent for maximum throttle and shutdown of the engine for each quadrant.<br />
<br />
The throttle has the following controls:<br />
# '''Speed Brake Switch:''' 2-position switch. "EXT" is a momentary and needed input position that extends the speed brake outward depending on the aircraft speed.<br />
# '''Wing Sweep Switch:''' 4-way hat switch. "AUTO" sets the wing to sweep automatically determined by an onboard computer, "BOMB" sets the wing to sweep in an angled position between fully extended and retracted and dependent on speed for the air-to-ground bombing.<br />
# '''PLM Button:''' multifunction button. When the steering command is in A2A mode, this acts as a pilot lock-on tool for the AWG-9 radar. But when used for landing and/or in the LDG steering command mode, this allows for disengagement of the ACLS.<br />
# '''CAGE/SEAM Button:''' multifunction button. When the steering command is in A2A mode, this allows for CAGE/SEAM lock-on of the AIM-9 Sidewinder. But when used for landing and/or in the LDG steering command mode, this allows for disengagement of the APC.<br />
# '''Exterior Light Switch:''' 2-position switch. Used to toggle the exterior lights of the aircraft.<br />
# '''ICS PTT Switch:''' 2-position switch. Acts as a push-to-talk system for the ICS system inside of the aircraft used between the Pilot and RIO. (or JESTER AI)<br />
<br />
==Control Stick==<br />
[[File:stick.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The control stick is located in the center of the cockpit, mounted onto the floor. Left and right movements of the control stick direct hydraulic movement to the spoilers and horizontal stabilizers of the aircraft. Forward and backward movement result to respectively the same but to the horizontal stabilizers.<br />
<br />
The control stick has the following controls:<br />
# '''Bomb Release Button:''' single-purpose button. When pressed in A2G steering command mode, all pylons selected with bombs will release respective of the ripple settings, type, and interval.<br />
# '''Trim Hat:''' 4-way hat switch. Upward movement moves the aircraft downward, and downward movement moves the aircraft upward. Both left and right movements follow to their directions according to their name.<br />
# '''Weapon Select Hat:''' 4-way hat switch. Bottom selection is OFF, and a ridge requires a momentary push action to move in/out of to GUN. Following all to the top are SW, then SP/PH which requires a momentary push action to switch between.<br />
# '''DLC & Maneuver Flap Command Wheel:''' scrollable dial. Moving it with the landing gears fully deployed acts as a variable control for spoiler extension. With the landing gears up, the dial also acts the same but for flaps and slats.<br />
# '''DLC Engage/Disengage & CMS Dispense Button:''' multifunction button. When pressed with the landing gears fully deployed, this controls the engagement and disengagement of the DLC system. But with the landing gears fully retracted, this allows for pilot control of the CMS system.<br />
# '''Autopilot Reference & NWS Button:''' multifunction button. When the aircraft is up in the air, this controls specific autopilot settings. But when the aircraft is on the ground, this controls the activation of the nosewheel steering system.<br />
# '''Autopilot Emergency Disengage Paddle:''' multifunction button. Disengages all autopilot modes and DLC and releases all autopilot switches and roll and pitch SAS switches to OFF position.<br />
# '''Weapon Firing Trigger:''' two-stage trigger switch. The first detent enables CTVS and gun camera. Second detent releases selected forwards firing the weapon.<br />
<br />
=Flight Controls & Landing Gear=<br />
----<br />
==Flight Controls==<br />
[[File:Wheels-flaps.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The F-14B has a large hydraulic system which covers for all of the control surfaces of the aircraft. Without the hydraulic system, or taking damage the controls are in risk of improperly working. The F-14 Tomcat was the last of its generation to have no integration of an FBW or FCS system, which was introduced with the F-15 Eagle.<br />
<br />
The F-14's primary flight controls are:<br />
* '''Left Spoilers (LES):''' A set of spoilers that lie within the left wing of the aircraft that help with aileron movement and control that react opposite of the intended direction.<br />
* '''Right Spoilers (RES):''' A set of spoilers that lie within the right wing of the aircraft that help with aileron movement and control that react opposite of the intended direction.<br />
* '''Tailerons (TAIL):''' Two horizontal stabilizers located on the rear end of the aircraft that control both pitch and aileron movement.<br />
* '''Leading Edge Flaps (LEF):''' Normal slats located on the leading (front) edge of the wings to add lift.<br />
* '''Trailing Edge Flaps (TEF):''' Normal flaps located on the trailing (back) edge of the wings to add lift.<br />
<br />
<br />
The control stick controls the stabilators, ailerons, and rudder and the rudder pedals control the rudder.<br />
<br />
===Flaps System===<br />
The aircraft's flap system provides more lift (and as a byproduct, drag). The flaps lever has two positions:<br />
* '''NONE:''' This applies no flap whatsoever to the wings of the aircraft.<br />
* '''FULL:''' This applies full movement of flaps to the wings of the aircraft.<br />
<br />
<br />
The flaps lever allows for variable movement, which gives the pilot the ability to control the amount of flap they wish for.<br />
<br />
===Speed Brake===<br />
The speed brake is a flap located on the end of the aircraft designed to provide drag to decelerate faster. It is activated via the speed brake switch on the throttle. The two positions are:<br />
* '''EXT:''' When the switch is moved aft, this extends the speed brake of the aircraft out depending on the airspeed.<br />
* '''RET:''' When the switch is moved forward, this retracts the speed brake.<br />
<br />
===Trim===<br />
The tailerons are capable of being trimmed to make roll and pitch corrections. This is accomplished with the trim hat on the controls stick. When the autopilot system is engaged, the onboard computer will attempt to make active trim movements in order to keep the aircraft within the specified attitude when set, along of the setting parameters. As speed is either gained or lost, the trim will actively move the stick as well along of the tailerons to adapt.<br />
<br />
===Wing Sweep===<br />
The wings of the aircraft are a variable-sweep design allowing for automatic or manual movements from pilot input on the right throttle quadrant. Similar to wing fold, the wings are able to be overswept from its maximum position through a master reset of the system in order to allow tighter space and closer parking on the carrier deck.<br />
<br />
==Landing Gear==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat has 3 retractable landing gears: the nose gear, the left gear, and the right gear. The gear is moved via the gear lever on the left side of the cockpit. In the up position, the gear will retract. In the down position, the gear will extend. The gear lever cannot be put up with weight on wheels. The gear will not retract with the launch bar extended.<br />
<br />
===Nosewheel Steering===<br />
The nose gear features nosewheel steering (NWS) controlled by the rudder pedals. With the weight off of the wheels, it is disengaged. It automatically engages upon there being the weight on wheels. NWS is disengaged manually via the button on the stick.<br />
<br />
===Launch Bar===<br />
On the front nosegear is a launch bar that attaches the airplane to a catapult from launches from an aircraft carrier. Its deployment is pilot-controlled, but it is connected to the catapult by the ground crew (DCS default binding is U).<br />
<br />
It is controlled via the launch bar switch on the left upper console. When the switch in the RETRACT position, the launch bar will retract, but physically cannot do so when connected to the catapult. The switch will move to the RETRACT position automatically when there is a weight off wheels. In the EXTEND position, the launch bar will extend if there is the weight on wheels.<br />
<br />
=Autopilot and Autothrottle=<br />
----<br />
The F-14 Tomcat has the ability to automate certain types of flight via its Automatic Flight Control System (AFCS) and Automatic Throttle Control (ATC). The AFCS, or simply the autopilot, control the flight surfaces and the ATC controls the throttles.<br />
<br />
==AFCS==<br />
[[File:afcs.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The Automatic Flight Control System (AFCS), or just the "autopilot", controls the aircraft's flight controls to automate maneuvering. It is interfaced on the autopilot panel via the A/P engage switch. On the autopilot panel, there are 7 modes able to be toggled:<br />
# '''Pitch Stabilizer Augmentation:''' 2-position switch. This switch controls the ability for the pitch to be augmented for dampening.<br />
# '''Roll Stabilizer Augmentation:''' 2-position switch. This switch controls the ability for the roll to be augmented for dampening.<br />
# '''Yaw Stabilizer Augmentation:''' 2-position switch. This switch controls the ability for the yaw to be augmented for dampening.<br />
# '''VEC/PCD/ACL Switch:''' 3-position switch. This switch controls the remote control modes of autopilot with the steering bars and ACLS.<br />
# '''ALT Switch:''' 2-position switch.' This switch controls the ability to maintain the current altitude when autopilot is engaged.<br />
# '''HDG/GT Switch:''' 3-position switch. This switch controls the ability to maintain the current heading when autopilot is engaged.<br />
# '''ENGAGE Switch:''' 2-position switch. This switch engages and disengages the autopilot.<br />
<br />
==ATC==<br />
The automatic throttle control (ATC), or just "autothrottle", controls the physical throttles and thereby automated thrust control. ATC is toggled via ATC engage/disengage switch next to the throttle. When the ATC is engaged, the physical means of the throttle quadrants will begin to move on their own. However, whenever the pilot makes any new movement to the throttle whatsoever, the ATC will disengage to allow pilot control over both of the engines. The ATC is primarily used for landing on a carrier along of the ACLS system.<br />
<br />
=Digital Systems Overview=<br />
----<br />
[[File:displays.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
==Pilot==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat comes with 2 digital display screens in the Pilot cockpit:<br />
* '''Vertical Display Indicator (VDI):''' a multifunction display that allows for the pilot to see their HUD in a form of a repeater, and the [[#Television Camera Set|TCS]].<br />
* '''Horizontal Situation Display Indicator (HSD):''' a multifunction display that allows for the pilot to see their virtual compass for navigation modes, and the [[#AWG-9 Pulse-Doppler Radar|AWG-9 Radar]] from the RIO TID as a repeater.<br />
<br />
===Heads Up Display===<br />
The head-up display (HUD) is a projected display at the front of the cockpit that serves as the primary flight instrument. It also provides various indications for weapon delivery; this section will cover the HUD's indications in NAV master mode. Master mode/weapon-specific indications on the HUD will be covered in the relevant section.<br />
<br />
====Reject Modes====<br />
Via the switches next to the TO button on the displays panel, you are able to "declutter" or remove information off of the HUD.<br />
<br />
==Radar Intercept Officer==<br />
The Radar Intercept Officer (RIO) comes with 3 digital display screens in the RIO cockpit:<br />
* '''Detail Data Display (DDD):''' a dual-purpose display that allows for the RIO to see contacts on the [[#AWG-9 Pulse-Doppler Radar|radar]], based on the range and radar mode.<br />
* '''Tactical Information Display (TID):''' a multi-purpose display that allows for the RIO to see their [[#AWG-9 Pulse-Doppler Radar|AWG-9]] situational awareness, [[#Television Camera Set|TCS]], [[#TARPS Pod|TARPS]] and [[#LANTIRN Targeting Pod|LANTIRN]] pods.<br />
* '''Horizontal Situation Display Indicator (HSD):''' a multi-purpose display as to the one in the pilot cockpit.<br />
<br />
==Master Modes==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat has 5 primarily modes for information displayed. The 5 master modes are:<br />
* '''TO:''' switch. Displays takeoff information on HUD and VDI for degrees.<br />
* '''CRUISE:''' single-purpose button. Displays in-air flight information on HUD and VDI for degrees.<br />
* '''A/A:''' single-purpose button. Displays air-to-air information on HUD and VDI for degrees; and weapon employment.<br />
* '''A/G:''' single-purpose button. Displays air-to-ground information on HUD and VDI for degrees; and weapon employment.<br />
* '''LDG:''' single-purpose button. Displays landing information on HUD and VDI for degrees.<br />
<br />
<br />
Additionally, the F-14 Tomcat has an Air Combat Maneuver (ACM) panel which controls all air-to-air and air-to-ground aspects for armament.<br />
<br />
=Navigation=<br />
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The F-14 Tomcat has an inertial navigation system (INS) that allows the pilot to navigate by internal gyros aligned. However, due to the fault of having no GPS assistance, these gyros slowly drift over time and cause misalignment for visual information.<br />
<br />
==HSD==<br />
[[File:Hsd.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The Horizontal Situation Display Indicator (HSD) is the primary interface with the airplane's navigation systems. The HSI can be accessed from the bottom display screen. The basic function of the HSI is a rotating compass with a looking-from-above perspective. The controls for this screen are:<br />
# '''BRT Control:''' dial. Controls the brightness of the HSD screen.<br />
# '''HDG Control:''' dial. Controls the heading reference in TACAN mode.<br />
# '''CRS Control:''' dial. Controls the course heading reference in MAN and TACAN modes.<br />
# '''Test Button:''' single-purpose button. Resets the HSD screen if overload protection activates.<br />
# '''BIT Indicator:''' light. Shows a white light if a failure produces in the HSD.<br />
<br />
=== Steering Commands ===<br />
The HSD comes with a set of 5 different steering commands, which each have their own purpose towards displaying certain information:<br />
* '''TACAN:''' single-purpose button. Displays information based off of a radio beacon with range and direction.<br />
* '''DEST:''' single-purpose button. Displays information off of a selected waypoint from the RIO with range and direction.<br />
* '''AWL/PCD:''' single-purpose button. Displays information off of an ICLS frequency with azimuth and elevation bars (on VDI and HUD)<br />
* '''VEC:''' single-purpose button. ? (needs more info.)<br />
* '''MAN:''' single-purpose button. Displays information off of an entered heading (HDG Control) with direction.<br />
<br />
==Waypoints==<br />
The F-14B comes with an onboard flight computer system that handles waypoint navigation during in-air flight. The navigation system in the F-14B Tomcat gives a variety of waypoint holders, along with information for a set home plate.<br />
<br />
===Pilot===<br />
For the F-14B pilot, the waypoint information is able to be accessed by the DEST steering command and by using the NAV HSD display mode.<br />
<br />
===Radar Intercept Officer===<br />
For the F-14B Radar Intercept Officer, (RIO) the waypoints must be manually assigned by the RIO through the Computer Address Panel (CAP) system under the TAC DATA category. Once done, the waypoint must be selected through the CAP and entered in with coordinates similar to how INS alignment procedures are done.<br />
<br />
==TACAN==<br />
Tactical Air Navigation (TACAN) is a military radio navigation system. A TACAN beacon allows for an aircraft to determine its bearing and range from it, and using this information can navigate. TACAN's may be ground-based or be broadcasted by an airplane. TACAN channels have two bands, X and Y, and range from 1-126. 2 TACAN channels may be set present in the aircraft by both the Pilot and RIO for simultaneous use.<br />
<br />
The TACAN setting knobs give a range of these options:<br />
*'''T/R:''' Transmit and receive. Gets bearing and range from the TACAN.<br />
*'''RCV:''' Receive. Gets bearing from the TACAN.<br />
*'''A/A:''' Air-to-air TACAN mode.<br />
*'''X:''' Tunes the selected frequency on the X band.<br />
*'''Y:''' Tunes the selected frequency on the Y band.<br />
<br />
==ICLS==<br />
For night and low visibility operations, aircraft carriers have an Instrument Carrier Landing System (ICLS) to allow for instrument approaches to the carrier. ICLS provides horizontal and vertical guidance. The F-14 is equipped with ICLS.<br />
<br />
To activate the airplane's ICLS antenna, an ICLS dial is present to the right of the warning lights advisory panel, with an ARA on/off switch, used to toggle power to the system.<br />
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When ILS is selected on the HSI, two bars, one horizontal and one vertical, appear near the velocity vector on the HUD. These indicate a vertical and horizontal deviation from the optimal glideslope (3°) and course to the deck. When they are both aligned with the velocity vector (making a "+"), the aircraft is on course.<br />
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==ACLS==<br />
For CAT III conditions and poor visibility, the F-14 is equipped with the Automatic Carrier Landing System (ACLS) to allow an automatic flight to the carrier via. a radio-guided input from a Landing Signal Officer. (LSO) The auto-throttle and autopilot systems must be engaged and present during the time of activation with this system, along with lights given to the left of the VDI display.<br />
<br />
Datalink is required between the aircraft and the carrier in order for ACLS to work. When the best position of the azimuth and glideslope bars are within parameters, the nosewheel steering button is pressed in order to engage guidance.<br />
<br />
==Navigation Failures==<br />
The F-14B has a variety of navigation failures that may/can occur, including methods to fix them.<br />
<br />
===Navigation Fix Update===<br />
An error of latitude or longitude in the computer position of the aircraft can be corrected by a navigation fix update. Updating is especially important in the backup modes (AHRS AM and IMU/ AM) because of the estimated winds and magnetic variation changes. A nav fix is done via a ground-reference-point (latitude and longitude) position. The range and bearing of this position to the present aircraft position are used to update or correct existing values. The nav system may be updated by either a radar fix, a TACAN fix, or a visual fix.<br />
<br />
Before performing a nav fix, the latitude and longitude of the desired update point (radar, TACAN, or visual) must be stored in one of eight navigation point locations (three WPs, FIX PT, HOME BASE, HOST AREA, DEF PT, and IP). This data can be stored prior to flight by data link or by manual insertion. Then follow these steps:<br />
<br />
# Hook the Waypoint you choose to select for the nav fix.<br />
# Check the stored latitude and longitude on the TID.<br />
# Rotate the CATEGORY switch to NAV and select the desired type of update.<br />
<br />
<br />
Note that updating the position while in INS, and to a lesser degree while in IMU, can introduce a greater navigational position error than already present, in particular, if radar fix is used to update the nav system. Updates with a visual or TACAN fix provide reasonable accuracy (assuming a good MAG VAR during TACAN updates). Updating your nav system via a nav fix should be primarily used in the AHRS mode.<br />
<br />
===Radar Fix Update===<br />
An RDR FIX may be selected before or after positioning the DDD cursors. If the RDR FIX button is depressed, the computer computes the present position of the aircraft by measuring the range and bearing from the selected point. The delta between the computer position and the position determined by the INS is then displayed on the TID. If the entry of this delta into the navigation computations is desired, press the FIX ENABLE button. If the delta does not appear to be correct, the computer and the readout can be cleared by pressing the RDR FIX button. The fix may then be attempted again. The RIO should also perform periodic checks of own aircraft system altitude and update the altitude if necessary.<br />
<br />
Radar updating is performed as follows:<br />
<br />
# TID CURSOR/CAP - Hook Desired Navigation Point for Update.<br />
# PULSE SRCH button - Depress.<br />
# On sensor control panel: STAB switch - IN. EL BARS switch - 1. AZ SCAN switch - As Desired.<br />
# RDR FIX button - Depress.<br />
# DDD CURSOR button - Depress.<br />
# Action switch - Half Action (first detent).<br />
# Cursor is displayed on DDD.<br />
# Manipulate hand control DDD cursor over desired ground map point.<br />
# Action switch - Full Action and Release. (This will cause the DDD cursor to remain at the selected position.<br />
# Observe the delta for LAT and LONG on TID.<br />
# If readouts are unsatisfactory, deselect RDR FIX and repeat steps 4 through 12.<br />
# FIX ENABLE button - Depress.<br />
<br />
===TACAN Update===<br />
To perform a nav fix by TACAN requires that a restored waypoint shares identical LAT and LONG values with the TACAN station that will be used for the fix. Select the TACAN channel for the desired station and verify by listening to the coded identifier tone in the headset.<br />
<br />
Press the TACAN FIX button to update the aircraft position from a TACAN station. The WCS computer then calculates the own aircraft position error based on the range and bearing from the TACAN station. The delta is then entered in the same manner as with a radar fix.<br />
<br />
Perform a TACAN fix following these steps:<br />
<br />
# Select a TACAN channel whose latitude and longitude correspond to an update point.<br />
# Hook desired update point (WAYPT 1, FIX PT, HOME BASE, etc.).<br />
# CATEGORY switch - NAV.<br />
# TACAN FIX button - Depress.<br />
# Observe present position delta readout.<br />
# If delta is unsatisfactory, deselect TACAN FIX and repeat steps 2 through 7.<br />
# FIX ENABLE button - Depress.<br />
<br />
===Visual Update===<br />
To perform a visual fix, fly over a restored waypoint and press the VIS FIX button. Estimate your timing, because the aircraft nose and fuselage can obscure the fixed point during an overflight. It is also difficult to estimate when directly overhead a waypoint if the aircraft altitude is greater than 10.000 feet. The delta for the visual fix is displayed on the TID. Enter the delta by pressing FIX ENABLE.<br />
<br />
To perform a visual fix use the following steps:<br />
<br />
# Hook desired update point (WAY PT, HB, IP, etc.).<br />
# Select NAV category on CAP.<br />
# Overfly the selected restored point and when over the point, depress the VIS FIX button on the cap.<br />
# If the delta is not satisfactory, press VIS FIX again to clear the delta and repeat from step 1.<br />
# If a satisfactory delta is displayed, depress the FIX ENABLE button; this causes the delta correction of own-aircraft position to be inserted into the computer.<br />
<br />
===Datalink Update===<br />
To perform a data link update of the aircraft INS to the TDS frame of reference, the aircraft and TDS must share a prebriefed waypoint, identical in latitude and longitude. Enter this LAT/LONG data into the HOST AREA pseudo target file. The TDS will uplink the common reference point as a data link waypoint. When the aircraft and TDS INS systems agree, the data link waypoint and host area symbols will be superimposed on the TID. If they drift apart, the two pseudo targets on the TID will drift as well.<br />
<br />
To perform an update via data link, use the following steps:<br />
<br />
# Hook data link waypoint corresponding prebriefed reference point.<br />
# Select NAV category on CAP.<br />
# Overfly the hooked data link waypoint. When immediately over the point, press VIS FIX button on CAP.<br />
# Observe delta LAT and LONG on TID.<br />
# If deltas are satisfactory and update is desired, depress FIX ENABLE.<br />
# After a data link update, HOST AREA and data link waypoint should be superimposed on the TID again.<br />
<br />
===Fighter-to-Fighter Navigation Update===<br />
Net aircraft that use fighter-to-fighter data link can update their navigation system in the FF/DL mode. To update LAT/LONG hook the net aircraft symbol of an aircraft that is in close proximity and select F/F NAV UPDATE on the CAP. This will enter the hooked aircraft’s coordinates into the INS as own-aircraft coordinates. To update the nav system on an aircraft that is not close, first obtain a radar STT on that aircraft, hook the STT-ed aircraft on the TID and then press F/F NAV UPDATE on the CAP.<br />
<br />
=Defensive Systems=<br />
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The F-14B is equipped with various defensive systems: the AN/ALE-39 Countermeasure Dispensing System (CMDS), for the release of chaff and flares, the AN/ALQ-126 Deception ECM (DECM), for jamming enemy radar, and the AN/ALR-67 Radar Warning Reciever (RWR), for detection of enemy radar emitters and missile launches.<br />
<br />
==AN/ALR-67 RWR==<br />
[[File:alr-67.png|thumb|400px]]<br />
The AN/ALR-67 Radar Warning Receiver (RWR) provides the Hornet the ability to detect radars via the radio/microwave radiation they emit.<br />
<br />
===Audio Tones===<br />
Accompanying the RWR are various audio feedback tones:<br />
*'''Single Beep:''' A new ground- or sea-based emitter has been detected.<br />
*'''Double Beep:''' A new airborne emitter has been detected.<br />
*'''Repeating Beep:''' An emitter is tracking.<br />
*'''Faster Repeating Beep:''' An emitter is guiding a missile or is a missile.<br />
<br />
<br />
On the RWR gauge, the RWR knob will control the volume of the RWR tones.<br />
<br />
===Emitter Identifiers===<br />
''This list is, at present, not complete.''<br />
{|class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"<br />
!Type<br />
!RWR ID<br />
|-<br />
|U<br />
|Unknown<br />
|-<br />
|M<br />
|Active radar-homing missile<br />
|-<br />
|S<br />
|Search radar<br />
|-<br />
|3<br />
|SA-3 "Goa"<br />
|-<br />
|6<br />
|SA-6 "Gainful"<br />
|-<br />
|8<br />
|SA-8 "Gecko"<br />
|-<br />
|10<br />
|SA-10 "Grumble"<br />
|-<br />
|11<br />
|SA-11 "Gadfly"<br />
|-<br />
|11<br />
|F-111 Aardvark<br />
|-<br />
|12<br />
|SA-12 "Gladiator"<br />
|-<br />
|13<br />
|SA-13 "Gopher"<br />
|-<br />
|13<br />
|C-130 Hercules<br />
|-<br />
|14<br />
|F-14 Tomcat<br />
|-<br />
|15<br />
|F-15 Eagle<br />
|-<br />
|15 <br />
|SA-15 "Gauntlet"<br />
|-<br />
|16<br />
|F-16 Fighting Falcon<br />
|-<br />
|17<br />
|C-17 Globemaster III<br />
|-<br />
|18<br />
|F/A-18 Hornet<br />
|-<br />
|22<br />
|Tu-22 "Blinder"<br />
|-<br />
|23<br />
|MiG-23 "Flogger"<br />
|-<br />
|24<br />
|Su-24 "Fencer"<br />
|-<br />
|25<br />
|MiG-25 "Foxbat"<br />
|-<br />
|29<br />
|MiG-29 "Fulcrum"<br />
|-<br />
|29<br />
|Su-27 "Flanker"<br />
|-<br />
|29<br />
|Su-33 "Flanker-D"<br />
|-<br />
|30<br />
|Su-30 "Flanker-C"<br />
|-<br />
|31<br />
|MiG-31 "Foxhound"<br />
|-<br />
|34<br />
|Su-34 "Fullback"<br />
|-<br />
|39<br />
|Su-25M "Frogfoot"<br />
|-<br />
|40<br />
|''Spruance''-class destroyer<br />
|-<br />
|48<br />
|''Nimitz''-class carrier<br />
|-<br />
|49<br />
|''Oliver Hazard Perry''-class frigate<br />
|-<br />
|50<br />
|A-50 "Mainstay"<br />
|-<br />
|52<br />
|B-52 Stratofortress<br />
|-<br />
|76<br />
|IL-76 "Candid"<br />
|-<br />
|78<br />
|IL-78 "Midas"<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==AN/ALE-39 CMDS==<br />
[[File:f14 cms.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The AN/ALE-39 is the countermeasures dispensing set installed in the F-14B in this simulation. It controls its own set of launchers located between the engine nozzles on the underside of the so-called beaver-tail. The launchers each have two sections, one containing 10 cartridges and the other 20. They are referred to the left and right dispensers even though the left is really the front one and the right the back one with both being mounted inline on the left side of the tailhook. This is a remnant from the earliest model F-14s carrying the AN/ALE-29.<br />
<br />
This all sums up to a capacity of 60 cartridges in the system with each section necessarily holding one type of cartridges meaning that any combination of cartridges is possible as long as each type’s quantity is a multiple of 10. The system itself has no real knowledge of what is loaded where so incorrectly programming the system can lead to the wrong type of cartridge being ejected.<br />
<br />
===Cockpit Controls===<br />
The system itself can be operated manually from the control panel in the RIO pit or the DLC thumbwheel on the pilot stick when the flaps lever is in the up position. It is also capable of running programmed sequences of ejection which in turn can be initiated manually by the RIO from the control panel or the direction hats mounted on the handhold over the DDD. In addition, the AN/ALR-67 can also initiate the chaff ejection program if set up correctly on the AN/ALE-39 control panel.<br />
<br />
==AN/ALQ-126 DECM==<br />
The AN/ALQ-126 deception jammer is designed to detect radar threats, analyze them, select the optimum countermeasure technique available and apply it. Available techniques for jamming are amongst others, main lobe blanking, inverse con-scan, range-gate pull-off and swept square modes. In DCS this is modeled as a simple noise jammer due to engine limitations but controlled by the DECM logic as to when it’s on or off.<br />
<br />
===Cockpit Controls===<br />
The controls for the AN/ALQ-126 DECM are all located on the right horizontal panel in the RIO pit, the panel as the image above. In addition, there are two indication lights co-located with the RWR threat indicators on the right side of the TID. The mode selector knob controls power and operational mode that the system is in. The modes for the DECM are as follows:<br />
<br />
* '''OFF:''' turns off power to the system. STBY begins pre-warming of the system, taking in all-around 5 minutes.<br />
* '''TEST HOLD 3 SEC:''' is used to prepare the system for BIT, after 3 seconds in this mode, turn the knob to TEST - ACT.<br />
* '''TEST ACT:''' starts the BIT in the system. The BIT takes approximately 30 seconds and the RCV light will be illuminated the whole time while the XMIT light will flash twice. If the STANDBY light illuminates it indicates that a no-go condition exists in the system.<br />
* '''REC:''' enables the system to receive the only mode, enabling analyzation of threats and also the threat audio.<br />
* '''RPT:''' enables full system functionality, in addition to REC it also now tries to jam threats according to the selected method.<br />
<br />
=Television Camera Set=<br />
----<br />
[[File:tcs_symbology.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The F-14B is outfitted with the ALQ-100 Television Camera Set (TCS) pod, used for visually identifying aircraft during the time of which IFF was not a trusted/more inferior method to confirming hostile aircraft and to keep track of their position, as well as their living status.<br />
<br />
==Symbology==<br />
On the TID, in non-TV mode, a TCS track is indicated by a 1.5” strobe at TCS LOS azimuth with a hollow circle at the end.<br />
<br />
The symbology on the video feed from the TCS has indicators for the FOV and two crosshairs indicating TCS LOS relative own aircraft, GACH, and AN/AWG-9 radar LOS relative TCS LOS, RACH. Additionally, the track window is indicated by 4 small squares representing each corner of that window.<br />
<br />
The gimbal angle crosshairs or GACH, which is a solid cross, indicate deflection of the TCS LOS from the aircraft datum line, ADL. GACH crosshair in the center indicates TCS LOS along ADL and deflection towards the edges indicate deflection towards the gimbal limits with the video edges being maximum deflection.<br />
<br />
RACH or radar angle crosshairs, a dashed crosshair, indicate radar antenna LOS when inside the current TCS FOV. When the sensors slave to one another RACH and GACH will coincide creating a single solid crosshair.<br />
<br />
The track window indicates the area that the TCS contrast tracker is currently locked on to if it has acquired a target. When not in an active track these squares collapse into the center of the display being 2% of the screen width when in manual mode and 5% when in an auto mode.<br />
<br />
=LANTIRN Targeting Pod=<br />
----<br />
[[File:flir.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The F-14B can carry the AN/AAQ-14 Low Altitude Navigation and Targeting Infrared For Night (LANTIRN) targeting pod. This pod consists of a Forward-Looking Infrared (FLIR) camera (which also includes a digital charged coupled device camera) for target locating and observing, a Laser Target Designator/Ranger for firing a laser that both designates targets for laser-homing weapons and gathers ranging information for designating whatever the FLIR is pointed at as an air-to-ground, and a Laser Spot Tracker (LST) which can search for and track a laser, allowing for the FLIR to be cued onto an offboard (ground or air-designated) laser from another unit and then designate a Target off said point; this allows for most effective buddy-lasing. The targeting pod can be used in both air-to-ground and air-to-air functions, but the LTD/R and LST are only used for A/G operation.<br />
<br />
==Symbology==<br />
The following areas on the LANTIRN are to represent:<br />
# '''A/C Position Data:''' Displays aircraft LAT/LON, altitude, and groundspeed information.<br />
# '''LANTIRN Polarity:''' Displays white or hot background. AGC is for automatic gain control, MGC is for manual gain control.<br />
# '''LANTIRN Information:''' Gives general information on the pod. SR is for slant range, AZ/EL for azimuth/elevation of sight, and rest is UTC time.<br />
# '''LANTIRN Track Mode:''' Displays the current tracking mode. A/A is for air-to-air, A/G is for air-to-ground. Right side is for current selected weapon.<br />
# '''Track Data:''' Displays information of LAT/LON and altitude of where the sight is at.<br />
# '''Track:''' Displays the hairs for point and area track, and what the sight is directly pointed at.<br />
# '''Launch Envelopes:''' The top tape is for the heading relative of the aircraft to the track. The right side tape is for the release point.<br />
<br />
=TARPS Pod=<br />
----<br />
Not yet implemented.<br />
<br />
=Air-to-Air Radar=<br />
----<br />
==Detail Data Display==<br />
[[File:f14 ddd.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
Among the 3 digital displays, the Detail Data Display gives the RIO information about contacts from the AWG-9 radar in terms of range and radar mode, with respect to the notch filter.<br />
<br />
===Notch Filter===<br />
The AWG-9 radar in the F-14B Tomcat has a notch filter when using the pulse-doppler radar modes under certain conditions. These conditions include, but are not limited to:<br />
<br />
* ~100 knot difference of the aircraft relative to contact<br />
* Contact flying 90 degrees perpendicular CW/CCW to aircraft<br />
* Masking with ground terrain scan return<br />
<br />
<br />
There is a rough line shown in the radar modes, likewise of the jamming lobe, for when considering the notch filter that the contact will disappear from.<br />
<br />
==Tactical Information Display==<br />
[[File:f14 tid.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The Tactical Information Display (TID) gives the RIO of the F-14B the main information on the AWG-9 radar, including situational awareness, range, altitude, and contact heading.<br />
<br />
===Display Modes===<br />
The TID comes with a total of 8 display modes available, that can be toggled either on or off for purposes of gathering more information or decluttering:<br />
<br />
* '''RID DISABLE:''' ? needs more info. Not yet implemented.<br />
* '''ALT NUM:''' Displays the altitude of contact with a singular digit rounded to the nearest thousand.<br />
* '''SYM ELEM:''' Displays the symbology of contacts corresponding to HAFU.<br />
* '''DATA LINK:''' Displays contacts from the datalink frequency.<br />
* '''JAM STROBE:''' Displays the jamming strobes. Not yet implemented.<br />
* '''NON-ATTK:''' Displays determined (manual IFF or datalink) HAFU of friendly contacts.<br />
* '''VEL VECTOR:''' Displays the velocity vectors of contacts.<br />
* '''LAUNCH ZONE:''' Displays contact approximate missile launch zones.<br />
<br />
==AN/AWG-9 Radar==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat is equipped with the AN/AWG-9 all-weather and pulse-doppler radar. It is a very long-range radar used for the main purpose of intercept.<br />
<br />
===Radar Modes===<br />
The AWG-9 in the F-14B comes with 2 types of radar modes: doppler and pulse-doppler search. Of those two, subsets are able to be observed as 5 in this list:<br />
<br />
* '''PD SRCH:''' Pulse-Doppler Search mode. No bias factor of the radar, but impedes to pulse-doppler methods.<br />
* '''PD STT:''' Pulse-Doppler Single Target Track mode. By default upon acquiring a lock with the AWG-9, the radar will move to this function mode. It is currently suspectable to the notch filter.<br />
* '''RWS:''' Range While Search mode. The radar will prioritize the range of targets but not other factors. Falls under pulse-doppler.<br />
* '''TWS MAN:''' Track While Scan - Manual mode. The radar will prioritize the situational awareness of other targets but not give information on every target. The radar will also prioritize targets by threat importance.<br />
* '''TWS AUTO:''' Track While Scan - Auto mode. The radar will perform the same as TWS Man, but the elevation and azimuth controls will be automated in the process for an optimal scan.<br />
* '''PULSE SRCH:''' Pulse Search mode. No bias factor of the radar and can not be impeded to the notch filter, unlike the pulse-doppler method. The radar will, however, output a return of everything that is scanned and requires tuning.<br />
* '''PULSE STT:''' Pulse Single Target Track mode. Performing similarly to Pulse Search mode, this function mode applies to only a single target and is not suspectable to the notch filter.<br />
<br />
====Pulse-Doppler Search Mode====<br />
[[File:f14 pulsedoppler.png|thumb|350px]]<br />
The pulse-doppler search mode is used mainly as a kind of early warning mode. It is the search mode with the greatest detection range but it can display no range to the RIO, only closure rate. For this reason, the TID can display no track information.<br />
<br />
====Pulse-Doppler STT Mode====<br />
[[File:f14 pdstt.png|thumb|350px]]<br />
The pulse-doppler STT works and looks much like the pulse STT mode. It does, however, have the same advantages and disadvantages compared to pulse STT as the other pulse-doppler modes compared to the pulse modes. This means that while much better at tracking a target close to the ground it is however vulnerable to notching.<br />
<br />
The DDD display for pulse-doppler STT looks like pulse STT display except that the target return and antenna azimuth display are moved to the left side of the screen and a generated synthetic target marker is displayed at the correct azimuth instead. This is so that the targets range can be displayed by the synthetic target, unlike the other pulse-doppler modes which only shows closure rate. The other symbology on the DDD in this mode are the same as in pulse STT.<br />
<br />
====Range While Search Mode====<br />
In range while search, a frequency measuring ranging mode is added (FM ranging) to allow the radar to measure the range of tracked targets in addition to closure rate. This additional processing does, however, mean that the effective range of the radar is somewhat lesser. The display on the DDD is the same as in pulse-doppler search, the TID however also shows tracks in this mode showing the targets as tracks momentarily as they’re scanned and displaying their position and altitude. <br />
<br />
The targets are shown for a maximum of two seconds or until the antenna again scans the same bar at the same azimuth at which time it is removed unless detected again. The maximum number of concurrently shown tracks are 48.<br />
<br />
====TWS Manual Mode====<br />
The track, while scan mode uses the same FM ranging as RWS with the same reduction in range compared to pulse-doppler search and the DDD display, is also the same. The main difference that the computer establishes track files and tracks up to 24 targets concurrently of which 18 can be shown on the TID at any given time.<br />
<br />
As the computer routine calculating these tracks need a set track refresh time of 2 seconds this limits available azimuth scan area and bar settings to either 20° 4 bars or 40° 2 bars. When entering TWS the computer automatically selects the ±20° 4 bar scan disregarding the RIO set scan volumes unless those are set to ±40° 2 bars in which case that is used instead.<br />
<br />
The TWS mode is also the only mode enabling guidance of the AIM-54 at multiple targets (up to six), and as soon as engageable targets are detected the computer starts assigning them a missile priority number according to optimal missile firing sequence.<br />
<br />
====TWS Auto Mode====<br />
Performing similarly to TWS Man mode, what differs between the two is that in TWS auto the computer takes control of used scan volume and scan pattern azimuth and elevation as soon as target tracks are present. The WCS computer automatically tries to optimize the scan volume and direction so that tracking of the prioritized targets is maximized. If not selected before launch the WCS overrides as soon as the first AIM-54 is launched and selects TWS Auto.<br />
<br />
====Pulse Search Mode====<br />
[[File:f14 pulse.png|thumb|350px]]<br />
Pulse search is used to search for and find airborne targets at range. It is possible to use this radar mode as a basic ground mapper as well which can be useful for navigation and navigational fixes and can also be used in a pinch to detect larger surface targets like ships. Keep in mind though that the radar is not built with this as its main function and that a real air-to-ground radar will outperform it handily.<br />
<br />
In this mode, the radar cannot by itself differentiate targets and generate tracks meaning that the WCS will not generate track files and display anything on the TID. This also means that pulse search is not capable of guiding missiles.<br />
<br />
====Pulse STT Mode====<br />
[[File:f14 pstt.png|thumb|350px]]<br />
Pulse STT is used to track a single target, like pulse search mode it is not susceptible to notching but it is to ground clutter. The fact that the STT modes use gates to track the target, in this case, range gates, means that it is less susceptible to ground clutter but a target close enough to the ground that the ground return enters the range gates would be likely to shake the lock.<br />
<br />
As it is only in the pulse-doppler modes that the missile guidance commands can be sent pulse STT is limited to launching AIM-7s in CW mode and AIM-54s in an active launch mode limiting their ranges. At short ranges, ACM ranges, it is possible to use the ASPECT switch to set what aspect of the target to track, this is just to counter different types of countermeasures. As an example, if set to NOSE the radar will be less susceptible to chaff as the radar weights its track towards the targets leading-edge (nose) away from the chaff being launched behind the target.<br />
<br />
A successful track is indicated by the ANT TRK and RDROT indicator lights on the DDD, meaning that the antenna is tracking the target and that the target is within the range gates. If the target is jamming with sufficient strength, negating a range track, the radar will transition to a jam angle track instead, indicated by the JAT indicator light on the DDD illuminating instead of the RDROT. When range tracking is again possible at closer ranges the radar will transition to that instead.<br />
<br />
The DDD in this mode will be similar to the pulse search mode but the antenna will be locked onto the target and not scan. Additionally, the DDD will show the range gates around the target, a closing rate symbol at the right scale and applicable attack symbology if a valid missile is selected.<br />
<br />
===Anti-Jamming Modes===<br />
Not yet implemented.<br />
<br />
===AN/APX-76 IFF Interrogator===<br />
The AN/APX-76 IFF (Identification Friend or Foe) interrogator is integrated into the AN/AWG-9 operation. Then interrogator antenna itself is located on the AN/AWG-9 antenna gimbal platform. An IFF system works by sending out an interrogation pulse and then listening for returns from cooperating transponders. In addition to the unencrypted civilian mode the AN/APX-76 is capable of interrogating in the encrypted military mode 4. This ensures that targets replying to mode 4 interrogations are indeed friendly. The AN/APX-76 can be used both in search radar modes and in STT radar modes. To enable interrogation the IFF switch is depressed on the Detail Data Display Panel which then activates the interrogator for as long as the button is held up to 10 seconds max.<br />
<br />
When enabled IFF received IFF returns are then overlaid on the normal AN/AWG-9 radar returns on the DDD. A friendly target will be indicated with two bars, one above and one below the normal radar return. As the AN/APX-76 is a separate radar, secondary mode, radar apart from the AWG-9 the IFF can sometimes also detect targets not detected by the AWG-9. In this case the IFF return will not have a radar echo inside it. In the search mode this is overlaid over each target replying and in STT over the STT target. Additionally, if the STT target is hooked on the TID the DDD will switch from normal range display to a ±10 NM display to enable display of multiple returns in case of closely grouped targets.<br />
<br />
==HAFU/Datalink==<br />
[[File:HAFU.png|right|80px]]<br />
Hostile, Ambiguous, Friendly or Unknown (HAFU) is a symbology system used by the F/A-18 to represent trackfiles; specifically, to show its status as a friendly or hostile. It is usually what trackfiles are displayed as across the software.<br />
<br />
There are four HAFU symbols:<br />
*'''Triangle:''' Hostile (red when colored)<br />
*'''Thick Staple:''' Ambiguous (yellow when colored)<br />
*'''Half-Circle:''' Friendly (green when colored)<br />
*'''Thin Staple:''' Unknown (yellow when colored)<br />
<br />
<br />
All types except ambiguous can be manually assigned via the [[#SA Format|Situational Awareness]] format. Tracks will also be automatically identified as explained below.<br />
<br />
A hostile HAFU will be assigned whenever:<br />
* A negative IFF response is returned, and<br />
** An NCTR print returns with an aircraft type that is on the hostile coalition; or<br />
** A SURV (surveillance, like an AWACS) source over datalink also marks it hostile; or<br />
** A F/F (fighter-fighter, like another F/A-18) source over datalink also marks it hostile.<br />
<br />
<br />
An ambiguous HAFU will be assigned when the aircraft and a donor have conflicting identifications (friendly and hostile).<br />
<br />
A friendly HAFU will be assigned whenever an IFF interrogation returns as friendly or the track itself is contributed to by the Precise Participant Location and Identification (PPLI) system.<br />
<br />
An unknown HAFU will be assigned by default until it is updated by meeting one of the requirements above.<br />
<br />
=Air-to-Air Weapons=<br />
----<br />
This area will cover over all the different air-to-air weapons brought with the F-14B Tomcat.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Air Gun==<br />
[[File:f14 gun aa.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
''Using Real-Time mode.''<br />
<br />
The F-14 Tomcat is outfitted with the M61A1 Vulcan 6-barreled Gatling cannon, being able to hold up a maximum of 675 rounds internally.<br />
<br />
===Gun Rates===<br />
The cannon offers 2 modes of combat in the F-14B: <br />
<br />
* '''LOW:''' mode which slows down the muzzle rate, used for Air-to-Ground.<br />
* '''HIGH:''' mode which is to be used for Basic Fighter Maneuvering. (BFM)<br />
<br />
===Gun Modes===<br />
The cannon for Air-to-Air mode is able to be placed into 2 following positions:<br />
<br />
* '''Manual:''' this mode is able to be selected by depressing the CAGE/SEAM button, which will then only display the pipper and ammo count.<br />
* '''Real-Time:''' this mode is the regular, default mode. Along with a radar lock, the pipper will calculate to be accurate when directed to the diamond contact box. This will also give a closure rate towards the contact and the range relative to the aircraft.<br />
<br />
===Symbology===<br />
<br />
The symbology for the cannon is displayed on the HUD with the weapon master selector in the GUN position, and display in A/A. By default, the gun rounds indicator will be displayed as 0 for rounds per 100. Located next to the display panel to the right is the gun ammo counter. Additionally, the gunsight elevation is also able to be adjusted underneath the steer commands on the display panel.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Air Missiles==<br />
===AIM-54 Phoenix===<br />
The AIM-54 is a long-range, semi-active radar missile for Air-to-Air use. The F-14 was the only aircraft to carry it in service, and was used to take down Soviet bombers. However, it is able to be used on fighters as well. The AIM-54 comes with a proximity fuse and missile gate suite for non-direct contact explosions and radar tracking methods. <br />
<br />
Upon the launch of the missile, active input from the AN/AWG-9 radar is used to guide itself towards the contact. When reaching pitbull range (~20 nmi.) the missile will then use the radar in itself and steer until impact. <br />
<br />
The time until impact will be calculated during the whole flight of the missile after the launch sequence on the TID as a seconds counter next to the contact.<br />
<br />
====AIM-54A Mk.60====<br />
The A variant Mk.60 is a specific version of the AIM-54 Phoenix which utilizes burn time and speed over agility and smoke. The Mk.60 is able to be fired from at most ~100 nmi. under optimal conditions, factoring altitude, kinetic airspeed, contact airspeed and altitude. The recommended firing distance of the variant, however, is ~45 nmi.<br />
<br />
====AIM-54C Mk.47====<br />
The C variant Mk.47 is a later upgrade to the missile that utilizes agility and smoke over burn time and speed. While the C variant provides a no-smoke solution, it lacks the favoring of speed and distance. Under optimal conditions similar to the A, this missile variant is best at ~60 nmi. The recommended distance to a contact for firing is ~30 nmi.<br />
<br />
===AIM-7 Sparrow===<br />
The AIM-7 Sparrow is an active-radar guided missile for Air-to-Air employment. This missile requires an active radar lock to a contact in order to guide itself for impact. The benefit of this missile is that it is able to lose trackoing guidance if the aircraft breaks the lock on a friendly contact, as well as being able to be used in a mixed scenario.<br />
<br />
The maximum range of the Sparrow under optimal conditions as the Phoenix is ~25 nmi. The recommended distance, however, is roughly ~10 nmi.<br />
<br />
===AIM-9 Sidewinder===<br />
The AIM-9 Sidewinder is an IR-guided missile that self tracks based off of thermal energy (heat) of an aircraft. This missile should be used for close quarters range, where agility and speed are a high priority. The benefit of this missile is how quickly it can turn onto a contact. However, a con to this can be "sun-aiming," where the missile follows a contact that flies directly to the sun and immediately flanks out of the sensor sight of the Sidewinder.<br />
<br />
The maximum range on this missile is ~10 nmi., but recommended range is within ~5 nmi. under optimal conditions.<br />
<br />
=Air-to-Ground Weapons=<br />
----<br />
The F-14B Tomcat comes with a variety of air-to-ground weapons after the upgrade to the Bombcat.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Ground Gun==<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Ground Bombs==<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
===Mk-20/81/82/83/84 GPB===<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
===GBU-12/14/16 LGB===<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
===BDU-33 Training Bomb===<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
===ADM-141 TALD===<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Ground Rockets==<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
=Resources=<br />
----<br />
==Manuals & Documents==<br />
* [https://info.publicintelligence.net/F14AAP-1B.pdf F-14B NATOPS Pocket Checklist]<br />
* [http://www.heatblur.se/F-14Manual/ Heatblur F-14 Manual]<br />
<br />
==Heatblur's Videos==<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q1o7E9pb95Y Episode 1: Overview]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OO3IdQjAdDA Episode 2: Pilot's Cockpit Walkaround]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ws1GxPG2ZXw Episode 3: Cold And Dark (Full Startup)]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kgpGO7fj4oU Episode 4: The RIO's Office]<br />
<br />
==Jabbers' Tutorial Videos==<br />
(They're good!)<br />
<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2qwlJs__iYk Pilot - Startup/Taxi/Takeoff with JESTER AI]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b5opjCygZug Pilot - Maneuvering and Flight Characteristics]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f4y2oZ-7rM8 Pilot - Air-to-Air Refueling]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ujk4hL_EnUc Pilot - ACM - Radar Acquisition Modes]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wftck0C3fJ8 Pilot - Weapons - Zuni Rockets with JESTER AI]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4m-Q02gxFEA Pilot - Weapons - AIM-9 Sidewinder]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SWeHtpJ00JI RIO - Startup]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r4-Dd4ss2Rc RIO - AWG-9 Radar]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YG7sWweg2RQ RIO - IFF Interrogation]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2q-bHFyTEr8 Overview - AIM-54C Mk.47 Phoenix - Tacview Debrief]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PyAQpqVhtBY Overview - AIM-54A Mk.60 Phoenix - Tacview Debrief]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4groy-_Bxfk Quick Tips - AIM-54 Phoenix]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Is3AtOX-abw Quick Tips - Bombing]</div>Siriushttps://wiki.hoggitworld.com/index.php?title=F-14A/B&diff=10603F-14A/B2019-09-06T16:09:39Z<p>Sirius: /* AIM-7 Sparrow */</p>
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<br />
''Credits to Jak for having the [[F/A-18C]] page serve as a guide and filler content on related systems.''<br />
<br />
The Grumman '''F-14A/B''' Tomcat is a two-seat, twin-engine supersonic variable wing-sweep fighter aircraft. The F-14 was the first US fighter jet with twin tails and was the largest & heaviest US fighter to ever fly from an aircraft carrier. The reason that the F-14 was so incredibly large and heavy was that it carried the large AWG-9 radar and accompanying AIM-54 Phoenix (air-to-air) missiles: this very capable combination allowed the F-14 to make shots of up to 200 nautical miles at the bad guys. Also, being big means you can carry a lot of fuel!<br />
<br />
Of course, the practical range of the AWG-9 is rather more limited, especially if you are shooting at more maneuverable fighter-sized targets, but even at these closer ranges, the AIM-54 Phoenix is still a capable missile that should not be underestimated. The F-14 is also capable of carrying an array of air-to-ground weapons, such as dumb bombs in both high and low drag forms, air-to-ground Zuni rockets and even laser-guided bombs, which can be self-designated using the LANTIRN targeting pod on the F-14.<br />
<br />
Most people will recognize and adore the F-14 because of its stardom presence in that one weird volleyball movie from the '80s. Its on-screen presence in movies will make the F-14 to appear docile and easy to fly, but due to lack of a fly-by-wire the F-14 can be a real handful: it being a pilot's aircraft however makes it fun to fly and learn. The analogous nature of the F-14 (comparable to the F-5E II Tigershark) will give you a good knowledge of the airplane over time but requires a bit of a different mindset that the computerized flight of the F/A-18C and the F-15.<br />
<br />
__TOC__<br />
<br />
=Weapons List=<br />
----<br />
==Implemented==<br />
Partially or fully implemented weapons of the F14/A/B Tomcat:<br />
* M61 Vulcan Six-Barreled Gatling Gun<br />
* AIM-7M/F Sparrow<br />
* CAP/AIM-9M Sidewinder<br />
* AIM-54A Phoenix Mk. 60<br />
* AIM-54C Phoenix Mk. 47<br />
* Mk-81, 82, 83, and 84 <br />
* GBU-10, 12, 16, and 24 <br />
* MK-20 Rockeye<br />
* Zuni Rockets<br />
* BDU-33 Practice Bombs<br />
* ADM-141 TALD<br />
* LUU-2 Parachute Flare<br />
* Smokewinder<br />
* LANTIRN Pod<br />
* FPU-1 Fuel Tank<br />
<br />
==Planned==<br />
Weapons not yet implemented into the Tomcat:<br />
* TARPS Pod<br />
<br />
=Hands On Throttle And Stick (HOTAS)=<br />
----<br />
==Throttle==<br />
[[File:throttle.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The throttle of the F-14 Tomcat consists of 2 quadrants, both for the left and right engines. There is an afterburner detent along with a cutoff detent for maximum throttle and shutdown of the engine for each quadrant.<br />
<br />
The throttle has the following controls:<br />
# '''Speed Brake Switch:''' 2-position switch. "EXT" is a momentary and needed input position that extends the speed brake outward depending on the aircraft speed.<br />
# '''Wing Sweep Switch:''' 4-way hat switch. "AUTO" sets the wing to sweep automatically determined by an onboard computer, "BOMB" sets the wing to sweep in an angled position between fully extended and retracted and dependent on speed for the air-to-ground bombing.<br />
# '''PLM Button:''' multifunction button. When the steering command is in A2A mode, this acts as a pilot lock-on tool for the AWG-9 radar. But when used for landing and/or in the LDG steering command mode, this allows for disengagement of the ACLS.<br />
# '''CAGE/SEAM Button:''' multifunction button. When the steering command is in A2A mode, this allows for CAGE/SEAM lock-on of the AIM-9 Sidewinder. But when used for landing and/or in the LDG steering command mode, this allows for disengagement of the APC.<br />
# '''Exterior Light Switch:''' 2-position switch. Used to toggle the exterior lights of the aircraft.<br />
# '''ICS PTT Switch:''' 2-position switch. Acts as a push-to-talk system for the ICS system inside of the aircraft used between the Pilot and RIO. (or JESTER AI)<br />
<br />
==Control Stick==<br />
[[File:stick.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The control stick is located in the center of the cockpit, mounted onto the floor. Left and right movements of the control stick direct hydraulic movement to the spoilers and horizontal stabilizers of the aircraft. Forward and backward movement result to respectively the same but to the horizontal stabilizers.<br />
<br />
The control stick has the following controls:<br />
# '''Bomb Release Button:''' single-purpose button. When pressed in A2G steering command mode, all pylons selected with bombs will release respective of the ripple settings, type, and interval.<br />
# '''Trim Hat:''' 4-way hat switch. Upward movement moves the aircraft downward, and downward movement moves the aircraft upward. Both left and right movements follow to their directions according to their name.<br />
# '''Weapon Select Hat:''' 4-way hat switch. Bottom selection is OFF, and a ridge requires a momentary push action to move in/out of to GUN. Following all to the top are SW, then SP/PH which requires a momentary push action to switch between.<br />
# '''DLC & Maneuver Flap Command Wheel:''' scrollable dial. Moving it with the landing gears fully deployed acts as a variable control for spoiler extension. With the landing gears up, the dial also acts the same but for flaps and slats.<br />
# '''DLC Engage/Disengage & CMS Dispense Button:''' multifunction button. When pressed with the landing gears fully deployed, this controls the engagement and disengagement of the DLC system. But with the landing gears fully retracted, this allows for pilot control of the CMS system.<br />
# '''Autopilot Reference & NWS Button:''' multifunction button. When the aircraft is up in the air, this controls specific autopilot settings. But when the aircraft is on the ground, this controls the activation of the nosewheel steering system.<br />
# '''Autopilot Emergency Disengage Paddle:''' multifunction button. Disengages all autopilot modes and DLC and releases all autopilot switches and roll and pitch SAS switches to OFF position.<br />
# '''Weapon Firing Trigger:''' two-stage trigger switch. The first detent enables CTVS and gun camera. Second detent releases selected forwards firing the weapon.<br />
<br />
=Flight Controls & Landing Gear=<br />
----<br />
==Flight Controls==<br />
[[File:Wheels-flaps.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The F-14B has a large hydraulic system which covers for all of the control surfaces of the aircraft. Without the hydraulic system, or taking damage the controls are in risk of improperly working. The F-14 Tomcat was the last of its generation to have no integration of an FBW or FCS system, which was introduced with the F-15 Eagle.<br />
<br />
The F-14's primary flight controls are:<br />
* '''Left Spoilers (LES):''' A set of spoilers that lie within the left wing of the aircraft that help with aileron movement and control that react opposite of the intended direction.<br />
* '''Right Spoilers (RES):''' A set of spoilers that lie within the right wing of the aircraft that help with aileron movement and control that react opposite of the intended direction.<br />
* '''Tailerons (TAIL):''' Two horizontal stabilizers located on the rear end of the aircraft that control both pitch and aileron movement.<br />
* '''Leading Edge Flaps (LEF):''' Normal slats located on the leading (front) edge of the wings to add lift.<br />
* '''Trailing Edge Flaps (TEF):''' Normal flaps located on the trailing (back) edge of the wings to add lift.<br />
<br />
<br />
The control stick controls the stabilators, ailerons, and rudder and the rudder pedals control the rudder.<br />
<br />
===Flaps System===<br />
The aircraft's flap system provides more lift (and as a byproduct, drag). The flaps lever has two positions:<br />
* '''NONE:''' This applies no flap whatsoever to the wings of the aircraft.<br />
* '''FULL:''' This applies full movement of flaps to the wings of the aircraft.<br />
<br />
<br />
The flaps lever allows for variable movement, which gives the pilot the ability to control the amount of flap they wish for.<br />
<br />
===Speed Brake===<br />
The speed brake is a flap located on the end of the aircraft designed to provide drag to decelerate faster. It is activated via the speed brake switch on the throttle. The two positions are:<br />
* '''EXT:''' When the switch is moved aft, this extends the speed brake of the aircraft out depending on the airspeed.<br />
* '''RET:''' When the switch is moved forward, this retracts the speed brake.<br />
<br />
===Trim===<br />
The tailerons are capable of being trimmed to make roll and pitch corrections. This is accomplished with the trim hat on the controls stick. When the autopilot system is engaged, the onboard computer will attempt to make active trim movements in order to keep the aircraft within the specified attitude when set, along of the setting parameters. As speed is either gained or lost, the trim will actively move the stick as well along of the tailerons to adapt.<br />
<br />
===Wing Sweep===<br />
The wings of the aircraft are a variable-sweep design allowing for automatic or manual movements from pilot input on the right throttle quadrant. Similar to wing fold, the wings are able to be overswept from its maximum position through a master reset of the system in order to allow tighter space and closer parking on the carrier deck.<br />
<br />
==Landing Gear==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat has 3 retractable landing gears: the nose gear, the left gear, and the right gear. The gear is moved via the gear lever on the left side of the cockpit. In the up position, the gear will retract. In the down position, the gear will extend. The gear lever cannot be put up with weight on wheels. The gear will not retract with the launch bar extended.<br />
<br />
===Nosewheel Steering===<br />
The nose gear features nosewheel steering (NWS) controlled by the rudder pedals. With the weight off of the wheels, it is disengaged. It automatically engages upon there being the weight on wheels. NWS is disengaged manually via the button on the stick.<br />
<br />
===Launch Bar===<br />
On the front nosegear is a launch bar that attaches the airplane to a catapult from launches from an aircraft carrier. Its deployment is pilot-controlled, but it is connected to the catapult by the ground crew (DCS default binding is U).<br />
<br />
It is controlled via the launch bar switch on the left upper console. When the switch in the RETRACT position, the launch bar will retract, but physically cannot do so when connected to the catapult. The switch will move to the RETRACT position automatically when there is a weight off wheels. In the EXTEND position, the launch bar will extend if there is the weight on wheels.<br />
<br />
=Autopilot and Autothrottle=<br />
----<br />
The F-14 Tomcat has the ability to automate certain types of flight via its Automatic Flight Control System (AFCS) and Automatic Throttle Control (ATC). The AFCS, or simply the autopilot, control the flight surfaces and the ATC controls the throttles.<br />
<br />
==AFCS==<br />
[[File:afcs.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The Automatic Flight Control System (AFCS), or just the "autopilot", controls the aircraft's flight controls to automate maneuvering. It is interfaced on the autopilot panel via the A/P engage switch. On the autopilot panel, there are 7 modes able to be toggled:<br />
# '''Pitch Stabilizer Augmentation:''' 2-position switch. This switch controls the ability for the pitch to be augmented for dampening.<br />
# '''Roll Stabilizer Augmentation:''' 2-position switch. This switch controls the ability for the roll to be augmented for dampening.<br />
# '''Yaw Stabilizer Augmentation:''' 2-position switch. This switch controls the ability for the yaw to be augmented for dampening.<br />
# '''VEC/PCD/ACL Switch:''' 3-position switch. This switch controls the remote control modes of autopilot with the steering bars and ACLS.<br />
# '''ALT Switch:''' 2-position switch.' This switch controls the ability to maintain the current altitude when autopilot is engaged.<br />
# '''HDG/GT Switch:''' 3-position switch. This switch controls the ability to maintain the current heading when autopilot is engaged.<br />
# '''ENGAGE Switch:''' 2-position switch. This switch engages and disengages the autopilot.<br />
<br />
==ATC==<br />
The automatic throttle control (ATC), or just "autothrottle", controls the physical throttles and thereby automated thrust control. ATC is toggled via ATC engage/disengage switch next to the throttle. When the ATC is engaged, the physical means of the throttle quadrants will begin to move on their own. However, whenever the pilot makes any new movement to the throttle whatsoever, the ATC will disengage to allow pilot control over both of the engines. The ATC is primarily used for landing on a carrier along of the ACLS system.<br />
<br />
=Digital Systems Overview=<br />
----<br />
[[File:displays.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
==Pilot==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat comes with 2 digital display screens in the Pilot cockpit:<br />
* '''Vertical Display Indicator (VDI):''' a multifunction display that allows for the pilot to see their HUD in a form of a repeater, and the [[#Television Camera Set|TCS]].<br />
* '''Horizontal Situation Display Indicator (HSD):''' a multifunction display that allows for the pilot to see their virtual compass for navigation modes, and the [[#AWG-9 Pulse-Doppler Radar|AWG-9 Radar]] from the RIO TID as a repeater.<br />
<br />
===Heads Up Display===<br />
The head-up display (HUD) is a projected display at the front of the cockpit that serves as the primary flight instrument. It also provides various indications for weapon delivery; this section will cover the HUD's indications in NAV master mode. Master mode/weapon-specific indications on the HUD will be covered in the relevant section.<br />
<br />
====Reject Modes====<br />
Via the switches next to the TO button on the displays panel, you are able to "declutter" or remove information off of the HUD.<br />
<br />
==Radar Intercept Officer==<br />
The Radar Intercept Officer (RIO) comes with 3 digital display screens in the RIO cockpit:<br />
* '''Detail Data Display (DDD):''' a dual-purpose display that allows for the RIO to see contacts on the [[#AWG-9 Pulse-Doppler Radar|radar]], based on the range and radar mode.<br />
* '''Tactical Information Display (TID):''' a multi-purpose display that allows for the RIO to see their [[#AWG-9 Pulse-Doppler Radar|AWG-9]] situational awareness, [[#Television Camera Set|TCS]], [[#TARPS Pod|TARPS]] and [[#LANTIRN Targeting Pod|LANTIRN]] pods.<br />
* '''Horizontal Situation Display Indicator (HSD):''' a multi-purpose display as to the one in the pilot cockpit.<br />
<br />
==Master Modes==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat has 5 primarily modes for information displayed. The 5 master modes are:<br />
* '''TO:''' switch. Displays takeoff information on HUD and VDI for degrees.<br />
* '''CRUISE:''' single-purpose button. Displays in-air flight information on HUD and VDI for degrees.<br />
* '''A/A:''' single-purpose button. Displays air-to-air information on HUD and VDI for degrees; and weapon employment.<br />
* '''A/G:''' single-purpose button. Displays air-to-ground information on HUD and VDI for degrees; and weapon employment.<br />
* '''LDG:''' single-purpose button. Displays landing information on HUD and VDI for degrees.<br />
<br />
<br />
Additionally, the F-14 Tomcat has an Air Combat Maneuver (ACM) panel which controls all air-to-air and air-to-ground aspects for armament.<br />
<br />
=Navigation=<br />
----<br />
The F-14 Tomcat has an inertial navigation system (INS) that allows the pilot to navigate by internal gyros aligned. However, due to the fault of having no GPS assistance, these gyros slowly drift over time and cause misalignment for visual information.<br />
<br />
==HSD==<br />
[[File:Hsd.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The Horizontal Situation Display Indicator (HSD) is the primary interface with the airplane's navigation systems. The HSI can be accessed from the bottom display screen. The basic function of the HSI is a rotating compass with a looking-from-above perspective. The controls for this screen are:<br />
# '''BRT Control:''' dial. Controls the brightness of the HSD screen.<br />
# '''HDG Control:''' dial. Controls the heading reference in TACAN mode.<br />
# '''CRS Control:''' dial. Controls the course heading reference in MAN and TACAN modes.<br />
# '''Test Button:''' single-purpose button. Resets the HSD screen if overload protection activates.<br />
# '''BIT Indicator:''' light. Shows a white light if a failure produces in the HSD.<br />
<br />
=== Steering Commands ===<br />
The HSD comes with a set of 5 different steering commands, which each have their own purpose towards displaying certain information:<br />
* '''TACAN:''' single-purpose button. Displays information based off of a radio beacon with range and direction.<br />
* '''DEST:''' single-purpose button. Displays information off of a selected waypoint from the RIO with range and direction.<br />
* '''AWL/PCD:''' single-purpose button. Displays information off of an ICLS frequency with azimuth and elevation bars (on VDI and HUD)<br />
* '''VEC:''' single-purpose button. ? (needs more info.)<br />
* '''MAN:''' single-purpose button. Displays information off of an entered heading (HDG Control) with direction.<br />
<br />
==Waypoints==<br />
The F-14B comes with an onboard flight computer system that handles waypoint navigation during in-air flight. The navigation system in the F-14B Tomcat gives a variety of waypoint holders, along with information for a set home plate.<br />
<br />
===Pilot===<br />
For the F-14B pilot, the waypoint information is able to be accessed by the DEST steering command and by using the NAV HSD display mode.<br />
<br />
===Radar Intercept Officer===<br />
For the F-14B Radar Intercept Officer, (RIO) the waypoints must be manually assigned by the RIO through the Computer Address Panel (CAP) system under the TAC DATA category. Once done, the waypoint must be selected through the CAP and entered in with coordinates similar to how INS alignment procedures are done.<br />
<br />
==TACAN==<br />
Tactical Air Navigation (TACAN) is a military radio navigation system. A TACAN beacon allows for an aircraft to determine its bearing and range from it, and using this information can navigate. TACAN's may be ground-based or be broadcasted by an airplane. TACAN channels have two bands, X and Y, and range from 1-126. 2 TACAN channels may be set present in the aircraft by both the Pilot and RIO for simultaneous use.<br />
<br />
The TACAN setting knobs give a range of these options:<br />
*'''T/R:''' Transmit and receive. Gets bearing and range from the TACAN.<br />
*'''RCV:''' Receive. Gets bearing from the TACAN.<br />
*'''A/A:''' Air-to-air TACAN mode.<br />
*'''X:''' Tunes the selected frequency on the X band.<br />
*'''Y:''' Tunes the selected frequency on the Y band.<br />
<br />
==ICLS==<br />
For night and low visibility operations, aircraft carriers have an Instrument Carrier Landing System (ICLS) to allow for instrument approaches to the carrier. ICLS provides horizontal and vertical guidance. The F-14 is equipped with ICLS.<br />
<br />
To activate the airplane's ICLS antenna, an ICLS dial is present to the right of the warning lights advisory panel, with an ARA on/off switch, used to toggle power to the system.<br />
<br />
When ILS is selected on the HSI, two bars, one horizontal and one vertical, appear near the velocity vector on the HUD. These indicate a vertical and horizontal deviation from the optimal glideslope (3°) and course to the deck. When they are both aligned with the velocity vector (making a "+"), the aircraft is on course.<br />
<br />
==ACLS==<br />
For CAT III conditions and poor visibility, the F-14 is equipped with the Automatic Carrier Landing System (ACLS) to allow an automatic flight to the carrier via. a radio-guided input from a Landing Signal Officer. (LSO) The auto-throttle and autopilot systems must be engaged and present during the time of activation with this system, along with lights given to the left of the VDI display.<br />
<br />
Datalink is required between the aircraft and the carrier in order for ACLS to work. When the best position of the azimuth and glideslope bars are within parameters, the nosewheel steering button is pressed in order to engage guidance.<br />
<br />
==Navigation Failures==<br />
The F-14B has a variety of navigation failures that may/can occur, including methods to fix them.<br />
<br />
===Navigation Fix Update===<br />
An error of latitude or longitude in the computer position of the aircraft can be corrected by a navigation fix update. Updating is especially important in the backup modes (AHRS AM and IMU/ AM) because of the estimated winds and magnetic variation changes. A nav fix is done via a ground-reference-point (latitude and longitude) position. The range and bearing of this position to the present aircraft position are used to update or correct existing values. The nav system may be updated by either a radar fix, a TACAN fix, or a visual fix.<br />
<br />
Before performing a nav fix, the latitude and longitude of the desired update point (radar, TACAN, or visual) must be stored in one of eight navigation point locations (three WPs, FIX PT, HOME BASE, HOST AREA, DEF PT, and IP). This data can be stored prior to flight by data link or by manual insertion. Then follow these steps:<br />
<br />
# Hook the Waypoint you choose to select for the nav fix.<br />
# Check the stored latitude and longitude on the TID.<br />
# Rotate the CATEGORY switch to NAV and select the desired type of update.<br />
<br />
<br />
Note that updating the position while in INS, and to a lesser degree while in IMU, can introduce a greater navigational position error than already present, in particular, if radar fix is used to update the nav system. Updates with a visual or TACAN fix provide reasonable accuracy (assuming a good MAG VAR during TACAN updates). Updating your nav system via a nav fix should be primarily used in the AHRS mode.<br />
<br />
===Radar Fix Update===<br />
An RDR FIX may be selected before or after positioning the DDD cursors. If the RDR FIX button is depressed, the computer computes the present position of the aircraft by measuring the range and bearing from the selected point. The delta between the computer position and the position determined by the INS is then displayed on the TID. If the entry of this delta into the navigation computations is desired, press the FIX ENABLE button. If the delta does not appear to be correct, the computer and the readout can be cleared by pressing the RDR FIX button. The fix may then be attempted again. The RIO should also perform periodic checks of own aircraft system altitude and update the altitude if necessary.<br />
<br />
Radar updating is performed as follows:<br />
<br />
# TID CURSOR/CAP - Hook Desired Navigation Point for Update.<br />
# PULSE SRCH button - Depress.<br />
# On sensor control panel: STAB switch - IN. EL BARS switch - 1. AZ SCAN switch - As Desired.<br />
# RDR FIX button - Depress.<br />
# DDD CURSOR button - Depress.<br />
# Action switch - Half Action (first detent).<br />
# Cursor is displayed on DDD.<br />
# Manipulate hand control DDD cursor over desired ground map point.<br />
# Action switch - Full Action and Release. (This will cause the DDD cursor to remain at the selected position.<br />
# Observe the delta for LAT and LONG on TID.<br />
# If readouts are unsatisfactory, deselect RDR FIX and repeat steps 4 through 12.<br />
# FIX ENABLE button - Depress.<br />
<br />
===TACAN Update===<br />
To perform a nav fix by TACAN requires that a restored waypoint shares identical LAT and LONG values with the TACAN station that will be used for the fix. Select the TACAN channel for the desired station and verify by listening to the coded identifier tone in the headset.<br />
<br />
Press the TACAN FIX button to update the aircraft position from a TACAN station. The WCS computer then calculates the own aircraft position error based on the range and bearing from the TACAN station. The delta is then entered in the same manner as with a radar fix.<br />
<br />
Perform a TACAN fix following these steps:<br />
<br />
# Select a TACAN channel whose latitude and longitude correspond to an update point.<br />
# Hook desired update point (WAYPT 1, FIX PT, HOME BASE, etc.).<br />
# CATEGORY switch - NAV.<br />
# TACAN FIX button - Depress.<br />
# Observe present position delta readout.<br />
# If delta is unsatisfactory, deselect TACAN FIX and repeat steps 2 through 7.<br />
# FIX ENABLE button - Depress.<br />
<br />
===Visual Update===<br />
To perform a visual fix, fly over a restored waypoint and press the VIS FIX button. Estimate your timing, because the aircraft nose and fuselage can obscure the fixed point during an overflight. It is also difficult to estimate when directly overhead a waypoint if the aircraft altitude is greater than 10.000 feet. The delta for the visual fix is displayed on the TID. Enter the delta by pressing FIX ENABLE.<br />
<br />
To perform a visual fix use the following steps:<br />
<br />
# Hook desired update point (WAY PT, HB, IP, etc.).<br />
# Select NAV category on CAP.<br />
# Overfly the selected restored point and when over the point, depress the VIS FIX button on the cap.<br />
# If the delta is not satisfactory, press VIS FIX again to clear the delta and repeat from step 1.<br />
# If a satisfactory delta is displayed, depress the FIX ENABLE button; this causes the delta correction of own-aircraft position to be inserted into the computer.<br />
<br />
===Datalink Update===<br />
To perform a data link update of the aircraft INS to the TDS frame of reference, the aircraft and TDS must share a prebriefed waypoint, identical in latitude and longitude. Enter this LAT/LONG data into the HOST AREA pseudo target file. The TDS will uplink the common reference point as a data link waypoint. When the aircraft and TDS INS systems agree, the data link waypoint and host area symbols will be superimposed on the TID. If they drift apart, the two pseudo targets on the TID will drift as well.<br />
<br />
To perform an update via data link, use the following steps:<br />
<br />
# Hook data link waypoint corresponding prebriefed reference point.<br />
# Select NAV category on CAP.<br />
# Overfly the hooked data link waypoint. When immediately over the point, press VIS FIX button on CAP.<br />
# Observe delta LAT and LONG on TID.<br />
# If deltas are satisfactory and update is desired, depress FIX ENABLE.<br />
# After a data link update, HOST AREA and data link waypoint should be superimposed on the TID again.<br />
<br />
===Fighter-to-Fighter Navigation Update===<br />
Net aircraft that use fighter-to-fighter data link can update their navigation system in the FF/DL mode. To update LAT/LONG hook the net aircraft symbol of an aircraft that is in close proximity and select F/F NAV UPDATE on the CAP. This will enter the hooked aircraft’s coordinates into the INS as own-aircraft coordinates. To update the nav system on an aircraft that is not close, first obtain a radar STT on that aircraft, hook the STT-ed aircraft on the TID and then press F/F NAV UPDATE on the CAP.<br />
<br />
=Defensive Systems=<br />
----<br />
The F-14B is equipped with various defensive systems: the AN/ALE-39 Countermeasure Dispensing System (CMDS), for the release of chaff and flares, the AN/ALQ-126 Deception ECM (DECM), for jamming enemy radar, and the AN/ALR-67 Radar Warning Reciever (RWR), for detection of enemy radar emitters and missile launches.<br />
<br />
==AN/ALR-67 RWR==<br />
[[File:alr-67.png|thumb|400px]]<br />
The AN/ALR-67 Radar Warning Receiver (RWR) provides the Hornet the ability to detect radars via the radio/microwave radiation they emit.<br />
<br />
===Audio Tones===<br />
Accompanying the RWR are various audio feedback tones:<br />
*'''Single Beep:''' A new ground- or sea-based emitter has been detected.<br />
*'''Double Beep:''' A new airborne emitter has been detected.<br />
*'''Repeating Beep:''' An emitter is tracking.<br />
*'''Faster Repeating Beep:''' An emitter is guiding a missile or is a missile.<br />
<br />
<br />
On the RWR gauge, the RWR knob will control the volume of the RWR tones.<br />
<br />
===Emitter Identifiers===<br />
''This list is, at present, not complete.''<br />
{|class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"<br />
!Type<br />
!RWR ID<br />
|-<br />
|U<br />
|Unknown<br />
|-<br />
|M<br />
|Active radar-homing missile<br />
|-<br />
|S<br />
|Search radar<br />
|-<br />
|3<br />
|SA-3 "Goa"<br />
|-<br />
|6<br />
|SA-6 "Gainful"<br />
|-<br />
|8<br />
|SA-8 "Gecko"<br />
|-<br />
|10<br />
|SA-10 "Grumble"<br />
|-<br />
|11<br />
|SA-11 "Gadfly"<br />
|-<br />
|11<br />
|F-111 Aardvark<br />
|-<br />
|12<br />
|SA-12 "Gladiator"<br />
|-<br />
|13<br />
|SA-13 "Gopher"<br />
|-<br />
|13<br />
|C-130 Hercules<br />
|-<br />
|14<br />
|F-14 Tomcat<br />
|-<br />
|15<br />
|F-15 Eagle<br />
|-<br />
|15 <br />
|SA-15 "Gauntlet"<br />
|-<br />
|16<br />
|F-16 Fighting Falcon<br />
|-<br />
|17<br />
|C-17 Globemaster III<br />
|-<br />
|18<br />
|F/A-18 Hornet<br />
|-<br />
|22<br />
|Tu-22 "Blinder"<br />
|-<br />
|23<br />
|MiG-23 "Flogger"<br />
|-<br />
|24<br />
|Su-24 "Fencer"<br />
|-<br />
|25<br />
|MiG-25 "Foxbat"<br />
|-<br />
|29<br />
|MiG-29 "Fulcrum"<br />
|-<br />
|29<br />
|Su-27 "Flanker"<br />
|-<br />
|29<br />
|Su-33 "Flanker-D"<br />
|-<br />
|30<br />
|Su-30 "Flanker-C"<br />
|-<br />
|31<br />
|MiG-31 "Foxhound"<br />
|-<br />
|34<br />
|Su-34 "Fullback"<br />
|-<br />
|39<br />
|Su-25M "Frogfoot"<br />
|-<br />
|40<br />
|''Spruance''-class destroyer<br />
|-<br />
|48<br />
|''Nimitz''-class carrier<br />
|-<br />
|49<br />
|''Oliver Hazard Perry''-class frigate<br />
|-<br />
|50<br />
|A-50 "Mainstay"<br />
|-<br />
|52<br />
|B-52 Stratofortress<br />
|-<br />
|76<br />
|IL-76 "Candid"<br />
|-<br />
|78<br />
|IL-78 "Midas"<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==AN/ALE-39 CMDS==<br />
[[File:f14 cms.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The AN/ALE-39 is the countermeasures dispensing set installed in the F-14B in this simulation. It controls its own set of launchers located between the engine nozzles on the underside of the so-called beaver-tail. The launchers each have two sections, one containing 10 cartridges and the other 20. They are referred to the left and right dispensers even though the left is really the front one and the right the back one with both being mounted inline on the left side of the tailhook. This is a remnant from the earliest model F-14s carrying the AN/ALE-29.<br />
<br />
This all sums up to a capacity of 60 cartridges in the system with each section necessarily holding one type of cartridges meaning that any combination of cartridges is possible as long as each type’s quantity is a multiple of 10. The system itself has no real knowledge of what is loaded where so incorrectly programming the system can lead to the wrong type of cartridge being ejected.<br />
<br />
===Cockpit Controls===<br />
The system itself can be operated manually from the control panel in the RIO pit or the DLC thumbwheel on the pilot stick when the flaps lever is in the up position. It is also capable of running programmed sequences of ejection which in turn can be initiated manually by the RIO from the control panel or the direction hats mounted on the handhold over the DDD. In addition, the AN/ALR-67 can also initiate the chaff ejection program if set up correctly on the AN/ALE-39 control panel.<br />
<br />
==AN/ALQ-126 DECM==<br />
The AN/ALQ-126 deception jammer is designed to detect radar threats, analyze them, select the optimum countermeasure technique available and apply it. Available techniques for jamming are amongst others, main lobe blanking, inverse con-scan, range-gate pull-off and swept square modes. In DCS this is modeled as a simple noise jammer due to engine limitations but controlled by the DECM logic as to when it’s on or off.<br />
<br />
===Cockpit Controls===<br />
The controls for the AN/ALQ-126 DECM are all located on the right horizontal panel in the RIO pit, the panel as the image above. In addition, there are two indication lights co-located with the RWR threat indicators on the right side of the TID. The mode selector knob controls power and operational mode that the system is in. The modes for the DECM are as follows:<br />
<br />
* '''OFF:''' turns off power to the system. STBY begins pre-warming of the system, taking in all-around 5 minutes.<br />
* '''TEST HOLD 3 SEC:''' is used to prepare the system for BIT, after 3 seconds in this mode, turn the knob to TEST - ACT.<br />
* '''TEST ACT:''' starts the BIT in the system. The BIT takes approximately 30 seconds and the RCV light will be illuminated the whole time while the XMIT light will flash twice. If the STANDBY light illuminates it indicates that a no-go condition exists in the system.<br />
* '''REC:''' enables the system to receive the only mode, enabling analyzation of threats and also the threat audio.<br />
* '''RPT:''' enables full system functionality, in addition to REC it also now tries to jam threats according to the selected method.<br />
<br />
=Television Camera Set=<br />
----<br />
[[File:tcs_symbology.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The F-14B is outfitted with the ALQ-100 Television Camera Set (TCS) pod, used for visually identifying aircraft during the time of which IFF was not a trusted/more inferior method to confirming hostile aircraft and to keep track of their position, as well as their living status.<br />
<br />
==Symbology==<br />
On the TID, in non-TV mode, a TCS track is indicated by a 1.5” strobe at TCS LOS azimuth with a hollow circle at the end.<br />
<br />
The symbology on the video feed from the TCS has indicators for the FOV and two crosshairs indicating TCS LOS relative own aircraft, GACH, and AN/AWG-9 radar LOS relative TCS LOS, RACH. Additionally, the track window is indicated by 4 small squares representing each corner of that window.<br />
<br />
The gimbal angle crosshairs or GACH, which is a solid cross, indicate deflection of the TCS LOS from the aircraft datum line, ADL. GACH crosshair in the center indicates TCS LOS along ADL and deflection towards the edges indicate deflection towards the gimbal limits with the video edges being maximum deflection.<br />
<br />
RACH or radar angle crosshairs, a dashed crosshair, indicate radar antenna LOS when inside the current TCS FOV. When the sensors slave to one another RACH and GACH will coincide creating a single solid crosshair.<br />
<br />
The track window indicates the area that the TCS contrast tracker is currently locked on to if it has acquired a target. When not in an active track these squares collapse into the center of the display being 2% of the screen width when in manual mode and 5% when in an auto mode.<br />
<br />
=LANTIRN Targeting Pod=<br />
----<br />
[[File:flir.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The F-14B can carry the AN/AAQ-14 Low Altitude Navigation and Targeting Infrared For Night (LANTIRN) targeting pod. This pod consists of a Forward-Looking Infrared (FLIR) camera (which also includes a digital charged coupled device camera) for target locating and observing, a Laser Target Designator/Ranger for firing a laser that both designates targets for laser-homing weapons and gathers ranging information for designating whatever the FLIR is pointed at as an air-to-ground, and a Laser Spot Tracker (LST) which can search for and track a laser, allowing for the FLIR to be cued onto an offboard (ground or air-designated) laser from another unit and then designate a Target off said point; this allows for most effective buddy-lasing. The targeting pod can be used in both air-to-ground and air-to-air functions, but the LTD/R and LST are only used for A/G operation.<br />
<br />
==Symbology==<br />
The following areas on the LANTIRN are to represent:<br />
# '''A/C Position Data:''' Displays aircraft LAT/LON, altitude, and groundspeed information.<br />
# '''LANTIRN Polarity:''' Displays white or hot background. AGC is for automatic gain control, MGC is for manual gain control.<br />
# '''LANTIRN Information:''' Gives general information on the pod. SR is for slant range, AZ/EL for azimuth/elevation of sight, and rest is UTC time.<br />
# '''LANTIRN Track Mode:''' Displays the current tracking mode. A/A is for air-to-air, A/G is for air-to-ground. Right side is for current selected weapon.<br />
# '''Track Data:''' Displays information of LAT/LON and altitude of where the sight is at.<br />
# '''Track:''' Displays the hairs for point and area track, and what the sight is directly pointed at.<br />
# '''Launch Envelopes:''' The top tape is for the heading relative of the aircraft to the track. The right side tape is for the release point.<br />
<br />
=TARPS Pod=<br />
----<br />
Not yet implemented.<br />
<br />
=Air-to-Air Radar=<br />
----<br />
==Detail Data Display==<br />
[[File:f14 ddd.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
Among the 3 digital displays, the Detail Data Display gives the RIO information about contacts from the AWG-9 radar in terms of range and radar mode, with respect to the notch filter.<br />
<br />
===Notch Filter===<br />
The AWG-9 radar in the F-14B Tomcat has a notch filter when using the pulse-doppler radar modes under certain conditions. These conditions include, but are not limited to:<br />
<br />
* ~100 knot difference of the aircraft relative to contact<br />
* Contact flying 90 degrees perpendicular CW/CCW to aircraft<br />
* Masking with ground terrain scan return<br />
<br />
<br />
There is a rough line shown in the radar modes, likewise of the jamming lobe, for when considering the notch filter that the contact will disappear from.<br />
<br />
==Tactical Information Display==<br />
[[File:f14 tid.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The Tactical Information Display (TID) gives the RIO of the F-14B the main information on the AWG-9 radar, including situational awareness, range, altitude, and contact heading.<br />
<br />
===Display Modes===<br />
The TID comes with a total of 8 display modes available, that can be toggled either on or off for purposes of gathering more information or decluttering:<br />
<br />
* '''RID DISABLE:''' ? needs more info. Not yet implemented.<br />
* '''ALT NUM:''' Displays the altitude of contact with a singular digit rounded to the nearest thousand.<br />
* '''SYM ELEM:''' Displays the symbology of contacts corresponding to HAFU.<br />
* '''DATA LINK:''' Displays contacts from the datalink frequency.<br />
* '''JAM STROBE:''' Displays the jamming strobes. Not yet implemented.<br />
* '''NON-ATTK:''' Displays determined (manual IFF or datalink) HAFU of friendly contacts.<br />
* '''VEL VECTOR:''' Displays the velocity vectors of contacts.<br />
* '''LAUNCH ZONE:''' Displays contact approximate missile launch zones.<br />
<br />
==AN/AWG-9 Radar==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat is equipped with the AN/AWG-9 all-weather and pulse-doppler radar. It is a very long-range radar used for the main purpose of intercept.<br />
<br />
===Radar Modes===<br />
The AWG-9 in the F-14B comes with 2 types of radar modes: doppler and pulse-doppler search. Of those two, subsets are able to be observed as 5 in this list:<br />
<br />
* '''PD SRCH:''' Pulse-Doppler Search mode. No bias factor of the radar, but impedes to pulse-doppler methods.<br />
* '''PD STT:''' Pulse-Doppler Single Target Track mode. By default upon acquiring a lock with the AWG-9, the radar will move to this function mode. It is currently suspectable to the notch filter.<br />
* '''RWS:''' Range While Search mode. The radar will prioritize the range of targets but not other factors. Falls under pulse-doppler.<br />
* '''TWS MAN:''' Track While Scan - Manual mode. The radar will prioritize the situational awareness of other targets but not give information on every target. The radar will also prioritize targets by threat importance.<br />
* '''TWS AUTO:''' Track While Scan - Auto mode. The radar will perform the same as TWS Man, but the elevation and azimuth controls will be automated in the process for an optimal scan.<br />
* '''PULSE SRCH:''' Pulse Search mode. No bias factor of the radar and can not be impeded to the notch filter, unlike the pulse-doppler method. The radar will, however, output a return of everything that is scanned and requires tuning.<br />
* '''PULSE STT:''' Pulse Single Target Track mode. Performing similarly to Pulse Search mode, this function mode applies to only a single target and is not suspectable to the notch filter.<br />
<br />
====Pulse-Doppler Search Mode====<br />
[[File:f14 pulsedoppler.png|thumb|350px]]<br />
The pulse-doppler search mode is used mainly as a kind of early warning mode. It is the search mode with the greatest detection range but it can display no range to the RIO, only closure rate. For this reason, the TID can display no track information.<br />
<br />
====Pulse-Doppler STT Mode====<br />
[[File:f14 pdstt.png|thumb|350px]]<br />
The pulse-doppler STT works and looks much like the pulse STT mode. It does, however, have the same advantages and disadvantages compared to pulse STT as the other pulse-doppler modes compared to the pulse modes. This means that while much better at tracking a target close to the ground it is however vulnerable to notching.<br />
<br />
The DDD display for pulse-doppler STT looks like pulse STT display except that the target return and antenna azimuth display are moved to the left side of the screen and a generated synthetic target marker is displayed at the correct azimuth instead. This is so that the targets range can be displayed by the synthetic target, unlike the other pulse-doppler modes which only shows closure rate. The other symbology on the DDD in this mode are the same as in pulse STT.<br />
<br />
====Range While Search Mode====<br />
In range while search, a frequency measuring ranging mode is added (FM ranging) to allow the radar to measure the range of tracked targets in addition to closure rate. This additional processing does, however, mean that the effective range of the radar is somewhat lesser. The display on the DDD is the same as in pulse-doppler search, the TID however also shows tracks in this mode showing the targets as tracks momentarily as they’re scanned and displaying their position and altitude. <br />
<br />
The targets are shown for a maximum of two seconds or until the antenna again scans the same bar at the same azimuth at which time it is removed unless detected again. The maximum number of concurrently shown tracks are 48.<br />
<br />
====TWS Manual Mode====<br />
The track, while scan mode uses the same FM ranging as RWS with the same reduction in range compared to pulse-doppler search and the DDD display, is also the same. The main difference that the computer establishes track files and tracks up to 24 targets concurrently of which 18 can be shown on the TID at any given time.<br />
<br />
As the computer routine calculating these tracks need a set track refresh time of 2 seconds this limits available azimuth scan area and bar settings to either 20° 4 bars or 40° 2 bars. When entering TWS the computer automatically selects the ±20° 4 bar scan disregarding the RIO set scan volumes unless those are set to ±40° 2 bars in which case that is used instead.<br />
<br />
The TWS mode is also the only mode enabling guidance of the AIM-54 at multiple targets (up to six), and as soon as engageable targets are detected the computer starts assigning them a missile priority number according to optimal missile firing sequence.<br />
<br />
====TWS Auto Mode====<br />
Performing similarly to TWS Man mode, what differs between the two is that in TWS auto the computer takes control of used scan volume and scan pattern azimuth and elevation as soon as target tracks are present. The WCS computer automatically tries to optimize the scan volume and direction so that tracking of the prioritized targets is maximized. If not selected before launch the WCS overrides as soon as the first AIM-54 is launched and selects TWS Auto.<br />
<br />
====Pulse Search Mode====<br />
[[File:f14 pulse.png|thumb|350px]]<br />
Pulse search is used to search for and find airborne targets at range. It is possible to use this radar mode as a basic ground mapper as well which can be useful for navigation and navigational fixes and can also be used in a pinch to detect larger surface targets like ships. Keep in mind though that the radar is not built with this as its main function and that a real air-to-ground radar will outperform it handily.<br />
<br />
In this mode, the radar cannot by itself differentiate targets and generate tracks meaning that the WCS will not generate track files and display anything on the TID. This also means that pulse search is not capable of guiding missiles.<br />
<br />
====Pulse STT Mode====<br />
[[File:f14 pstt.png|thumb|350px]]<br />
Pulse STT is used to track a single target, like pulse search mode it is not susceptible to notching but it is to ground clutter. The fact that the STT modes use gates to track the target, in this case, range gates, means that it is less susceptible to ground clutter but a target close enough to the ground that the ground return enters the range gates would be likely to shake the lock.<br />
<br />
As it is only in the pulse-doppler modes that the missile guidance commands can be sent pulse STT is limited to launching AIM-7s in CW mode and AIM-54s in an active launch mode limiting their ranges. At short ranges, ACM ranges, it is possible to use the ASPECT switch to set what aspect of the target to track, this is just to counter different types of countermeasures. As an example, if set to NOSE the radar will be less susceptible to chaff as the radar weights its track towards the targets leading-edge (nose) away from the chaff being launched behind the target.<br />
<br />
A successful track is indicated by the ANT TRK and RDROT indicator lights on the DDD, meaning that the antenna is tracking the target and that the target is within the range gates. If the target is jamming with sufficient strength, negating a range track, the radar will transition to a jam angle track instead, indicated by the JAT indicator light on the DDD illuminating instead of the RDROT. When range tracking is again possible at closer ranges the radar will transition to that instead.<br />
<br />
The DDD in this mode will be similar to the pulse search mode but the antenna will be locked onto the target and not scan. Additionally, the DDD will show the range gates around the target, a closing rate symbol at the right scale and applicable attack symbology if a valid missile is selected.<br />
<br />
===Anti-Jamming Modes===<br />
Not yet implemented.<br />
<br />
===AN/APX-76 IFF Interrogator===<br />
The AN/APX-76 IFF (Identification Friend or Foe) interrogator is integrated into the AN/AWG-9 operation. Then interrogator antenna itself is located on the AN/AWG-9 antenna gimbal platform. An IFF system works by sending out an interrogation pulse and then listening for returns from cooperating transponders. In addition to the unencrypted civilian mode the AN/APX-76 is capable of interrogating in the encrypted military mode 4. This ensures that targets replying to mode 4 interrogations are indeed friendly. The AN/APX-76 can be used both in search radar modes and in STT radar modes. To enable interrogation the IFF switch is depressed on the Detail Data Display Panel which then activates the interrogator for as long as the button is held up to 10 seconds max.<br />
<br />
When enabled IFF received IFF returns are then overlaid on the normal AN/AWG-9 radar returns on the DDD. A friendly target will be indicated with two bars, one above and one below the normal radar return. As the AN/APX-76 is a separate radar, secondary mode, radar apart from the AWG-9 the IFF can sometimes also detect targets not detected by the AWG-9. In this case the IFF return will not have a radar echo inside it. In the search mode this is overlaid over each target replying and in STT over the STT target. Additionally, if the STT target is hooked on the TID the DDD will switch from normal range display to a ±10 NM display to enable display of multiple returns in case of closely grouped targets.<br />
<br />
==HAFU/Datalink==<br />
[[File:HAFU.png|right|80px]]<br />
Hostile, Ambiguous, Friendly or Unknown (HAFU) is a symbology system used by the F/A-18 to represent trackfiles; specifically, to show its status as a friendly or hostile. It is usually what trackfiles are displayed as across the software.<br />
<br />
There are four HAFU symbols:<br />
*'''Triangle:''' Hostile (red when colored)<br />
*'''Thick Staple:''' Ambiguous (yellow when colored)<br />
*'''Half-Circle:''' Friendly (green when colored)<br />
*'''Thin Staple:''' Unknown (yellow when colored)<br />
<br />
<br />
All types except ambiguous can be manually assigned via the [[#SA Format|Situational Awareness]] format. Tracks will also be automatically identified as explained below.<br />
<br />
A hostile HAFU will be assigned whenever:<br />
* A negative IFF response is returned, and<br />
** An NCTR print returns with an aircraft type that is on the hostile coalition; or<br />
** A SURV (surveillance, like an AWACS) source over datalink also marks it hostile; or<br />
** A F/F (fighter-fighter, like another F/A-18) source over datalink also marks it hostile.<br />
<br />
<br />
An ambiguous HAFU will be assigned when the aircraft and a donor have conflicting identifications (friendly and hostile).<br />
<br />
A friendly HAFU will be assigned whenever an IFF interrogation returns as friendly or the track itself is contributed to by the Precise Participant Location and Identification (PPLI) system.<br />
<br />
An unknown HAFU will be assigned by default until it is updated by meeting one of the requirements above.<br />
<br />
=Air-to-Air Weapons=<br />
----<br />
This area will cover over all the different air-to-air weapons brought with the F-14B Tomcat.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Air Gun==<br />
[[File:f14 gun aa.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
''Using Real-Time mode.''<br />
<br />
The F-14 Tomcat is outfitted with the M61A1 Vulcan 6-barreled Gatling cannon, being able to hold up a maximum of 675 rounds internally.<br />
<br />
===Gun Rates===<br />
The cannon offers 2 modes of combat in the F-14B: <br />
<br />
* '''LOW:''' mode which slows down the muzzle rate, used for Air-to-Ground.<br />
* '''HIGH:''' mode which is to be used for Basic Fighter Maneuvering. (BFM)<br />
<br />
===Gun Modes===<br />
The cannon for Air-to-Air mode is able to be placed into 2 following positions:<br />
<br />
* '''Manual:''' this mode is able to be selected by depressing the CAGE/SEAM button, which will then only display the pipper and ammo count.<br />
* '''Real-Time:''' this mode is the regular, default mode. Along with a radar lock, the pipper will calculate to be accurate when directed to the diamond contact box. This will also give a closure rate towards the contact and the range relative to the aircraft.<br />
<br />
===Symbology===<br />
<br />
The symbology for the cannon is displayed on the HUD with the weapon master selector in the GUN position, and display in A/A. By default, the gun rounds indicator will be displayed as 0 for rounds per 100. Located next to the display panel to the right is the gun ammo counter. Additionally, the gunsight elevation is also able to be adjusted underneath the steer commands on the display panel.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Air Missiles==<br />
===AIM-54 Phoenix===<br />
The AIM-54 is a long-range, semi-active radar missile for Air-to-Air use. The F-14 was the only aircraft to carry it in service, and was used to take down Soviet bombers. However, it is able to be used on fighters as well. The AIM-54 comes with a proximity fuse and missile gate suite for non-direct contact explosions and radar tracking methods. <br />
<br />
Upon the launch of the missile, active input from the AN/AWG-9 radar is used to guide itself towards the contact. When reaching pitbull range (~20 nmi.) the missile will then use the radar in itself and steer until impact. <br />
<br />
The time until impact will be calculated during the whole flight of the missile after the launch sequence on the TID as a seconds counter next to the contact.<br />
<br />
====AIM-54A Mk.60====<br />
The A variant Mk.60 is a specific version of the AIM-54 Phoenix which utilizes burn time and speed over agility and smoke. The Mk.60 is able to be fired from at most ~100 nmi. under optimal conditions, factoring altitude, kinetic airspeed, contact airspeed and altitude. The recommended firing distance of the variant, however, is ~45 nmi.<br />
<br />
====AIM-54C Mk.47====<br />
The C variant Mk.47 is a later upgrade to the missile that utilizes agility and smoke over burn time and speed. While the C variant provides a no-smoke solution, it lacks the favoring of speed and distance. Under optimal conditions similar to the A, this missile variant is best at ~60 nmi. The recommended distance to a contact for firing is ~30 nmi.<br />
<br />
===AIM-7 Sparrow===<br />
The AIM-7 Sparrow is an active-radar guided missile for Air-to-Air employment. This missile requires an active radar lock to a contact in order to guide itself for impact. The benefit of this missile is that it is able to lose trackoing guidance if the aircraft breaks the lock on a friendly contact, as well as being able to be used in a mixed scenario.<br />
<br />
The maximum range of the Sparrow under optimal conditions as the Phoenix is ~25 nmi. The recommended distance, however, is roughly ~10 nmi.<br />
<br />
===AIM-9 Sidewinder===<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
=Air-to-Ground Weapons=<br />
----<br />
The F-14B Tomcat comes with a variety of air-to-ground weapons after the upgrade to the Bombcat.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Ground Gun==<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Ground Bombs==<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
===Mk-20/81/82/83/84 GPB===<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
===GBU-12/14/16 LGB===<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
===BDU-33 Training Bomb===<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
===ADM-141 TALD===<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Ground Rockets==<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
=Resources=<br />
----<br />
==Manuals & Documents==<br />
* [https://info.publicintelligence.net/F14AAP-1B.pdf F-14B NATOPS Pocket Checklist]<br />
* [http://www.heatblur.se/F-14Manual/ Heatblur F-14 Manual]<br />
<br />
==Heatblur's Videos==<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q1o7E9pb95Y Episode 1: Overview]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OO3IdQjAdDA Episode 2: Pilot's Cockpit Walkaround]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ws1GxPG2ZXw Episode 3: Cold And Dark (Full Startup)]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kgpGO7fj4oU Episode 4: The RIO's Office]<br />
<br />
==Jabbers' Tutorial Videos==<br />
(They're good!)<br />
<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2qwlJs__iYk Pilot - Startup/Taxi/Takeoff with JESTER AI]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b5opjCygZug Pilot - Maneuvering and Flight Characteristics]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f4y2oZ-7rM8 Pilot - Air-to-Air Refueling]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ujk4hL_EnUc Pilot - ACM - Radar Acquisition Modes]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wftck0C3fJ8 Pilot - Weapons - Zuni Rockets with JESTER AI]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4m-Q02gxFEA Pilot - Weapons - AIM-9 Sidewinder]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SWeHtpJ00JI RIO - Startup]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r4-Dd4ss2Rc RIO - AWG-9 Radar]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YG7sWweg2RQ RIO - IFF Interrogation]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2q-bHFyTEr8 Overview - AIM-54C Mk.47 Phoenix - Tacview Debrief]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PyAQpqVhtBY Overview - AIM-54A Mk.60 Phoenix - Tacview Debrief]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4groy-_Bxfk Quick Tips - AIM-54 Phoenix]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Is3AtOX-abw Quick Tips - Bombing]</div>Siriushttps://wiki.hoggitworld.com/index.php?title=F-14A/B&diff=10602F-14A/B2019-09-06T16:06:40Z<p>Sirius: /* AIM-54C Mk.47 */</p>
<hr />
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<br />
''Credits to Jak for having the [[F/A-18C]] page serve as a guide and filler content on related systems.''<br />
<br />
The Grumman '''F-14A/B''' Tomcat is a two-seat, twin-engine supersonic variable wing-sweep fighter aircraft. The F-14 was the first US fighter jet with twin tails and was the largest & heaviest US fighter to ever fly from an aircraft carrier. The reason that the F-14 was so incredibly large and heavy was that it carried the large AWG-9 radar and accompanying AIM-54 Phoenix (air-to-air) missiles: this very capable combination allowed the F-14 to make shots of up to 200 nautical miles at the bad guys. Also, being big means you can carry a lot of fuel!<br />
<br />
Of course, the practical range of the AWG-9 is rather more limited, especially if you are shooting at more maneuverable fighter-sized targets, but even at these closer ranges, the AIM-54 Phoenix is still a capable missile that should not be underestimated. The F-14 is also capable of carrying an array of air-to-ground weapons, such as dumb bombs in both high and low drag forms, air-to-ground Zuni rockets and even laser-guided bombs, which can be self-designated using the LANTIRN targeting pod on the F-14.<br />
<br />
Most people will recognize and adore the F-14 because of its stardom presence in that one weird volleyball movie from the '80s. Its on-screen presence in movies will make the F-14 to appear docile and easy to fly, but due to lack of a fly-by-wire the F-14 can be a real handful: it being a pilot's aircraft however makes it fun to fly and learn. The analogous nature of the F-14 (comparable to the F-5E II Tigershark) will give you a good knowledge of the airplane over time but requires a bit of a different mindset that the computerized flight of the F/A-18C and the F-15.<br />
<br />
__TOC__<br />
<br />
=Weapons List=<br />
----<br />
==Implemented==<br />
Partially or fully implemented weapons of the F14/A/B Tomcat:<br />
* M61 Vulcan Six-Barreled Gatling Gun<br />
* AIM-7M/F Sparrow<br />
* CAP/AIM-9M Sidewinder<br />
* AIM-54A Phoenix Mk. 60<br />
* AIM-54C Phoenix Mk. 47<br />
* Mk-81, 82, 83, and 84 <br />
* GBU-10, 12, 16, and 24 <br />
* MK-20 Rockeye<br />
* Zuni Rockets<br />
* BDU-33 Practice Bombs<br />
* ADM-141 TALD<br />
* LUU-2 Parachute Flare<br />
* Smokewinder<br />
* LANTIRN Pod<br />
* FPU-1 Fuel Tank<br />
<br />
==Planned==<br />
Weapons not yet implemented into the Tomcat:<br />
* TARPS Pod<br />
<br />
=Hands On Throttle And Stick (HOTAS)=<br />
----<br />
==Throttle==<br />
[[File:throttle.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The throttle of the F-14 Tomcat consists of 2 quadrants, both for the left and right engines. There is an afterburner detent along with a cutoff detent for maximum throttle and shutdown of the engine for each quadrant.<br />
<br />
The throttle has the following controls:<br />
# '''Speed Brake Switch:''' 2-position switch. "EXT" is a momentary and needed input position that extends the speed brake outward depending on the aircraft speed.<br />
# '''Wing Sweep Switch:''' 4-way hat switch. "AUTO" sets the wing to sweep automatically determined by an onboard computer, "BOMB" sets the wing to sweep in an angled position between fully extended and retracted and dependent on speed for the air-to-ground bombing.<br />
# '''PLM Button:''' multifunction button. When the steering command is in A2A mode, this acts as a pilot lock-on tool for the AWG-9 radar. But when used for landing and/or in the LDG steering command mode, this allows for disengagement of the ACLS.<br />
# '''CAGE/SEAM Button:''' multifunction button. When the steering command is in A2A mode, this allows for CAGE/SEAM lock-on of the AIM-9 Sidewinder. But when used for landing and/or in the LDG steering command mode, this allows for disengagement of the APC.<br />
# '''Exterior Light Switch:''' 2-position switch. Used to toggle the exterior lights of the aircraft.<br />
# '''ICS PTT Switch:''' 2-position switch. Acts as a push-to-talk system for the ICS system inside of the aircraft used between the Pilot and RIO. (or JESTER AI)<br />
<br />
==Control Stick==<br />
[[File:stick.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The control stick is located in the center of the cockpit, mounted onto the floor. Left and right movements of the control stick direct hydraulic movement to the spoilers and horizontal stabilizers of the aircraft. Forward and backward movement result to respectively the same but to the horizontal stabilizers.<br />
<br />
The control stick has the following controls:<br />
# '''Bomb Release Button:''' single-purpose button. When pressed in A2G steering command mode, all pylons selected with bombs will release respective of the ripple settings, type, and interval.<br />
# '''Trim Hat:''' 4-way hat switch. Upward movement moves the aircraft downward, and downward movement moves the aircraft upward. Both left and right movements follow to their directions according to their name.<br />
# '''Weapon Select Hat:''' 4-way hat switch. Bottom selection is OFF, and a ridge requires a momentary push action to move in/out of to GUN. Following all to the top are SW, then SP/PH which requires a momentary push action to switch between.<br />
# '''DLC & Maneuver Flap Command Wheel:''' scrollable dial. Moving it with the landing gears fully deployed acts as a variable control for spoiler extension. With the landing gears up, the dial also acts the same but for flaps and slats.<br />
# '''DLC Engage/Disengage & CMS Dispense Button:''' multifunction button. When pressed with the landing gears fully deployed, this controls the engagement and disengagement of the DLC system. But with the landing gears fully retracted, this allows for pilot control of the CMS system.<br />
# '''Autopilot Reference & NWS Button:''' multifunction button. When the aircraft is up in the air, this controls specific autopilot settings. But when the aircraft is on the ground, this controls the activation of the nosewheel steering system.<br />
# '''Autopilot Emergency Disengage Paddle:''' multifunction button. Disengages all autopilot modes and DLC and releases all autopilot switches and roll and pitch SAS switches to OFF position.<br />
# '''Weapon Firing Trigger:''' two-stage trigger switch. The first detent enables CTVS and gun camera. Second detent releases selected forwards firing the weapon.<br />
<br />
=Flight Controls & Landing Gear=<br />
----<br />
==Flight Controls==<br />
[[File:Wheels-flaps.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The F-14B has a large hydraulic system which covers for all of the control surfaces of the aircraft. Without the hydraulic system, or taking damage the controls are in risk of improperly working. The F-14 Tomcat was the last of its generation to have no integration of an FBW or FCS system, which was introduced with the F-15 Eagle.<br />
<br />
The F-14's primary flight controls are:<br />
* '''Left Spoilers (LES):''' A set of spoilers that lie within the left wing of the aircraft that help with aileron movement and control that react opposite of the intended direction.<br />
* '''Right Spoilers (RES):''' A set of spoilers that lie within the right wing of the aircraft that help with aileron movement and control that react opposite of the intended direction.<br />
* '''Tailerons (TAIL):''' Two horizontal stabilizers located on the rear end of the aircraft that control both pitch and aileron movement.<br />
* '''Leading Edge Flaps (LEF):''' Normal slats located on the leading (front) edge of the wings to add lift.<br />
* '''Trailing Edge Flaps (TEF):''' Normal flaps located on the trailing (back) edge of the wings to add lift.<br />
<br />
<br />
The control stick controls the stabilators, ailerons, and rudder and the rudder pedals control the rudder.<br />
<br />
===Flaps System===<br />
The aircraft's flap system provides more lift (and as a byproduct, drag). The flaps lever has two positions:<br />
* '''NONE:''' This applies no flap whatsoever to the wings of the aircraft.<br />
* '''FULL:''' This applies full movement of flaps to the wings of the aircraft.<br />
<br />
<br />
The flaps lever allows for variable movement, which gives the pilot the ability to control the amount of flap they wish for.<br />
<br />
===Speed Brake===<br />
The speed brake is a flap located on the end of the aircraft designed to provide drag to decelerate faster. It is activated via the speed brake switch on the throttle. The two positions are:<br />
* '''EXT:''' When the switch is moved aft, this extends the speed brake of the aircraft out depending on the airspeed.<br />
* '''RET:''' When the switch is moved forward, this retracts the speed brake.<br />
<br />
===Trim===<br />
The tailerons are capable of being trimmed to make roll and pitch corrections. This is accomplished with the trim hat on the controls stick. When the autopilot system is engaged, the onboard computer will attempt to make active trim movements in order to keep the aircraft within the specified attitude when set, along of the setting parameters. As speed is either gained or lost, the trim will actively move the stick as well along of the tailerons to adapt.<br />
<br />
===Wing Sweep===<br />
The wings of the aircraft are a variable-sweep design allowing for automatic or manual movements from pilot input on the right throttle quadrant. Similar to wing fold, the wings are able to be overswept from its maximum position through a master reset of the system in order to allow tighter space and closer parking on the carrier deck.<br />
<br />
==Landing Gear==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat has 3 retractable landing gears: the nose gear, the left gear, and the right gear. The gear is moved via the gear lever on the left side of the cockpit. In the up position, the gear will retract. In the down position, the gear will extend. The gear lever cannot be put up with weight on wheels. The gear will not retract with the launch bar extended.<br />
<br />
===Nosewheel Steering===<br />
The nose gear features nosewheel steering (NWS) controlled by the rudder pedals. With the weight off of the wheels, it is disengaged. It automatically engages upon there being the weight on wheels. NWS is disengaged manually via the button on the stick.<br />
<br />
===Launch Bar===<br />
On the front nosegear is a launch bar that attaches the airplane to a catapult from launches from an aircraft carrier. Its deployment is pilot-controlled, but it is connected to the catapult by the ground crew (DCS default binding is U).<br />
<br />
It is controlled via the launch bar switch on the left upper console. When the switch in the RETRACT position, the launch bar will retract, but physically cannot do so when connected to the catapult. The switch will move to the RETRACT position automatically when there is a weight off wheels. In the EXTEND position, the launch bar will extend if there is the weight on wheels.<br />
<br />
=Autopilot and Autothrottle=<br />
----<br />
The F-14 Tomcat has the ability to automate certain types of flight via its Automatic Flight Control System (AFCS) and Automatic Throttle Control (ATC). The AFCS, or simply the autopilot, control the flight surfaces and the ATC controls the throttles.<br />
<br />
==AFCS==<br />
[[File:afcs.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The Automatic Flight Control System (AFCS), or just the "autopilot", controls the aircraft's flight controls to automate maneuvering. It is interfaced on the autopilot panel via the A/P engage switch. On the autopilot panel, there are 7 modes able to be toggled:<br />
# '''Pitch Stabilizer Augmentation:''' 2-position switch. This switch controls the ability for the pitch to be augmented for dampening.<br />
# '''Roll Stabilizer Augmentation:''' 2-position switch. This switch controls the ability for the roll to be augmented for dampening.<br />
# '''Yaw Stabilizer Augmentation:''' 2-position switch. This switch controls the ability for the yaw to be augmented for dampening.<br />
# '''VEC/PCD/ACL Switch:''' 3-position switch. This switch controls the remote control modes of autopilot with the steering bars and ACLS.<br />
# '''ALT Switch:''' 2-position switch.' This switch controls the ability to maintain the current altitude when autopilot is engaged.<br />
# '''HDG/GT Switch:''' 3-position switch. This switch controls the ability to maintain the current heading when autopilot is engaged.<br />
# '''ENGAGE Switch:''' 2-position switch. This switch engages and disengages the autopilot.<br />
<br />
==ATC==<br />
The automatic throttle control (ATC), or just "autothrottle", controls the physical throttles and thereby automated thrust control. ATC is toggled via ATC engage/disengage switch next to the throttle. When the ATC is engaged, the physical means of the throttle quadrants will begin to move on their own. However, whenever the pilot makes any new movement to the throttle whatsoever, the ATC will disengage to allow pilot control over both of the engines. The ATC is primarily used for landing on a carrier along of the ACLS system.<br />
<br />
=Digital Systems Overview=<br />
----<br />
[[File:displays.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
==Pilot==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat comes with 2 digital display screens in the Pilot cockpit:<br />
* '''Vertical Display Indicator (VDI):''' a multifunction display that allows for the pilot to see their HUD in a form of a repeater, and the [[#Television Camera Set|TCS]].<br />
* '''Horizontal Situation Display Indicator (HSD):''' a multifunction display that allows for the pilot to see their virtual compass for navigation modes, and the [[#AWG-9 Pulse-Doppler Radar|AWG-9 Radar]] from the RIO TID as a repeater.<br />
<br />
===Heads Up Display===<br />
The head-up display (HUD) is a projected display at the front of the cockpit that serves as the primary flight instrument. It also provides various indications for weapon delivery; this section will cover the HUD's indications in NAV master mode. Master mode/weapon-specific indications on the HUD will be covered in the relevant section.<br />
<br />
====Reject Modes====<br />
Via the switches next to the TO button on the displays panel, you are able to "declutter" or remove information off of the HUD.<br />
<br />
==Radar Intercept Officer==<br />
The Radar Intercept Officer (RIO) comes with 3 digital display screens in the RIO cockpit:<br />
* '''Detail Data Display (DDD):''' a dual-purpose display that allows for the RIO to see contacts on the [[#AWG-9 Pulse-Doppler Radar|radar]], based on the range and radar mode.<br />
* '''Tactical Information Display (TID):''' a multi-purpose display that allows for the RIO to see their [[#AWG-9 Pulse-Doppler Radar|AWG-9]] situational awareness, [[#Television Camera Set|TCS]], [[#TARPS Pod|TARPS]] and [[#LANTIRN Targeting Pod|LANTIRN]] pods.<br />
* '''Horizontal Situation Display Indicator (HSD):''' a multi-purpose display as to the one in the pilot cockpit.<br />
<br />
==Master Modes==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat has 5 primarily modes for information displayed. The 5 master modes are:<br />
* '''TO:''' switch. Displays takeoff information on HUD and VDI for degrees.<br />
* '''CRUISE:''' single-purpose button. Displays in-air flight information on HUD and VDI for degrees.<br />
* '''A/A:''' single-purpose button. Displays air-to-air information on HUD and VDI for degrees; and weapon employment.<br />
* '''A/G:''' single-purpose button. Displays air-to-ground information on HUD and VDI for degrees; and weapon employment.<br />
* '''LDG:''' single-purpose button. Displays landing information on HUD and VDI for degrees.<br />
<br />
<br />
Additionally, the F-14 Tomcat has an Air Combat Maneuver (ACM) panel which controls all air-to-air and air-to-ground aspects for armament.<br />
<br />
=Navigation=<br />
----<br />
The F-14 Tomcat has an inertial navigation system (INS) that allows the pilot to navigate by internal gyros aligned. However, due to the fault of having no GPS assistance, these gyros slowly drift over time and cause misalignment for visual information.<br />
<br />
==HSD==<br />
[[File:Hsd.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The Horizontal Situation Display Indicator (HSD) is the primary interface with the airplane's navigation systems. The HSI can be accessed from the bottom display screen. The basic function of the HSI is a rotating compass with a looking-from-above perspective. The controls for this screen are:<br />
# '''BRT Control:''' dial. Controls the brightness of the HSD screen.<br />
# '''HDG Control:''' dial. Controls the heading reference in TACAN mode.<br />
# '''CRS Control:''' dial. Controls the course heading reference in MAN and TACAN modes.<br />
# '''Test Button:''' single-purpose button. Resets the HSD screen if overload protection activates.<br />
# '''BIT Indicator:''' light. Shows a white light if a failure produces in the HSD.<br />
<br />
=== Steering Commands ===<br />
The HSD comes with a set of 5 different steering commands, which each have their own purpose towards displaying certain information:<br />
* '''TACAN:''' single-purpose button. Displays information based off of a radio beacon with range and direction.<br />
* '''DEST:''' single-purpose button. Displays information off of a selected waypoint from the RIO with range and direction.<br />
* '''AWL/PCD:''' single-purpose button. Displays information off of an ICLS frequency with azimuth and elevation bars (on VDI and HUD)<br />
* '''VEC:''' single-purpose button. ? (needs more info.)<br />
* '''MAN:''' single-purpose button. Displays information off of an entered heading (HDG Control) with direction.<br />
<br />
==Waypoints==<br />
The F-14B comes with an onboard flight computer system that handles waypoint navigation during in-air flight. The navigation system in the F-14B Tomcat gives a variety of waypoint holders, along with information for a set home plate.<br />
<br />
===Pilot===<br />
For the F-14B pilot, the waypoint information is able to be accessed by the DEST steering command and by using the NAV HSD display mode.<br />
<br />
===Radar Intercept Officer===<br />
For the F-14B Radar Intercept Officer, (RIO) the waypoints must be manually assigned by the RIO through the Computer Address Panel (CAP) system under the TAC DATA category. Once done, the waypoint must be selected through the CAP and entered in with coordinates similar to how INS alignment procedures are done.<br />
<br />
==TACAN==<br />
Tactical Air Navigation (TACAN) is a military radio navigation system. A TACAN beacon allows for an aircraft to determine its bearing and range from it, and using this information can navigate. TACAN's may be ground-based or be broadcasted by an airplane. TACAN channels have two bands, X and Y, and range from 1-126. 2 TACAN channels may be set present in the aircraft by both the Pilot and RIO for simultaneous use.<br />
<br />
The TACAN setting knobs give a range of these options:<br />
*'''T/R:''' Transmit and receive. Gets bearing and range from the TACAN.<br />
*'''RCV:''' Receive. Gets bearing from the TACAN.<br />
*'''A/A:''' Air-to-air TACAN mode.<br />
*'''X:''' Tunes the selected frequency on the X band.<br />
*'''Y:''' Tunes the selected frequency on the Y band.<br />
<br />
==ICLS==<br />
For night and low visibility operations, aircraft carriers have an Instrument Carrier Landing System (ICLS) to allow for instrument approaches to the carrier. ICLS provides horizontal and vertical guidance. The F-14 is equipped with ICLS.<br />
<br />
To activate the airplane's ICLS antenna, an ICLS dial is present to the right of the warning lights advisory panel, with an ARA on/off switch, used to toggle power to the system.<br />
<br />
When ILS is selected on the HSI, two bars, one horizontal and one vertical, appear near the velocity vector on the HUD. These indicate a vertical and horizontal deviation from the optimal glideslope (3°) and course to the deck. When they are both aligned with the velocity vector (making a "+"), the aircraft is on course.<br />
<br />
==ACLS==<br />
For CAT III conditions and poor visibility, the F-14 is equipped with the Automatic Carrier Landing System (ACLS) to allow an automatic flight to the carrier via. a radio-guided input from a Landing Signal Officer. (LSO) The auto-throttle and autopilot systems must be engaged and present during the time of activation with this system, along with lights given to the left of the VDI display.<br />
<br />
Datalink is required between the aircraft and the carrier in order for ACLS to work. When the best position of the azimuth and glideslope bars are within parameters, the nosewheel steering button is pressed in order to engage guidance.<br />
<br />
==Navigation Failures==<br />
The F-14B has a variety of navigation failures that may/can occur, including methods to fix them.<br />
<br />
===Navigation Fix Update===<br />
An error of latitude or longitude in the computer position of the aircraft can be corrected by a navigation fix update. Updating is especially important in the backup modes (AHRS AM and IMU/ AM) because of the estimated winds and magnetic variation changes. A nav fix is done via a ground-reference-point (latitude and longitude) position. The range and bearing of this position to the present aircraft position are used to update or correct existing values. The nav system may be updated by either a radar fix, a TACAN fix, or a visual fix.<br />
<br />
Before performing a nav fix, the latitude and longitude of the desired update point (radar, TACAN, or visual) must be stored in one of eight navigation point locations (three WPs, FIX PT, HOME BASE, HOST AREA, DEF PT, and IP). This data can be stored prior to flight by data link or by manual insertion. Then follow these steps:<br />
<br />
# Hook the Waypoint you choose to select for the nav fix.<br />
# Check the stored latitude and longitude on the TID.<br />
# Rotate the CATEGORY switch to NAV and select the desired type of update.<br />
<br />
<br />
Note that updating the position while in INS, and to a lesser degree while in IMU, can introduce a greater navigational position error than already present, in particular, if radar fix is used to update the nav system. Updates with a visual or TACAN fix provide reasonable accuracy (assuming a good MAG VAR during TACAN updates). Updating your nav system via a nav fix should be primarily used in the AHRS mode.<br />
<br />
===Radar Fix Update===<br />
An RDR FIX may be selected before or after positioning the DDD cursors. If the RDR FIX button is depressed, the computer computes the present position of the aircraft by measuring the range and bearing from the selected point. The delta between the computer position and the position determined by the INS is then displayed on the TID. If the entry of this delta into the navigation computations is desired, press the FIX ENABLE button. If the delta does not appear to be correct, the computer and the readout can be cleared by pressing the RDR FIX button. The fix may then be attempted again. The RIO should also perform periodic checks of own aircraft system altitude and update the altitude if necessary.<br />
<br />
Radar updating is performed as follows:<br />
<br />
# TID CURSOR/CAP - Hook Desired Navigation Point for Update.<br />
# PULSE SRCH button - Depress.<br />
# On sensor control panel: STAB switch - IN. EL BARS switch - 1. AZ SCAN switch - As Desired.<br />
# RDR FIX button - Depress.<br />
# DDD CURSOR button - Depress.<br />
# Action switch - Half Action (first detent).<br />
# Cursor is displayed on DDD.<br />
# Manipulate hand control DDD cursor over desired ground map point.<br />
# Action switch - Full Action and Release. (This will cause the DDD cursor to remain at the selected position.<br />
# Observe the delta for LAT and LONG on TID.<br />
# If readouts are unsatisfactory, deselect RDR FIX and repeat steps 4 through 12.<br />
# FIX ENABLE button - Depress.<br />
<br />
===TACAN Update===<br />
To perform a nav fix by TACAN requires that a restored waypoint shares identical LAT and LONG values with the TACAN station that will be used for the fix. Select the TACAN channel for the desired station and verify by listening to the coded identifier tone in the headset.<br />
<br />
Press the TACAN FIX button to update the aircraft position from a TACAN station. The WCS computer then calculates the own aircraft position error based on the range and bearing from the TACAN station. The delta is then entered in the same manner as with a radar fix.<br />
<br />
Perform a TACAN fix following these steps:<br />
<br />
# Select a TACAN channel whose latitude and longitude correspond to an update point.<br />
# Hook desired update point (WAYPT 1, FIX PT, HOME BASE, etc.).<br />
# CATEGORY switch - NAV.<br />
# TACAN FIX button - Depress.<br />
# Observe present position delta readout.<br />
# If delta is unsatisfactory, deselect TACAN FIX and repeat steps 2 through 7.<br />
# FIX ENABLE button - Depress.<br />
<br />
===Visual Update===<br />
To perform a visual fix, fly over a restored waypoint and press the VIS FIX button. Estimate your timing, because the aircraft nose and fuselage can obscure the fixed point during an overflight. It is also difficult to estimate when directly overhead a waypoint if the aircraft altitude is greater than 10.000 feet. The delta for the visual fix is displayed on the TID. Enter the delta by pressing FIX ENABLE.<br />
<br />
To perform a visual fix use the following steps:<br />
<br />
# Hook desired update point (WAY PT, HB, IP, etc.).<br />
# Select NAV category on CAP.<br />
# Overfly the selected restored point and when over the point, depress the VIS FIX button on the cap.<br />
# If the delta is not satisfactory, press VIS FIX again to clear the delta and repeat from step 1.<br />
# If a satisfactory delta is displayed, depress the FIX ENABLE button; this causes the delta correction of own-aircraft position to be inserted into the computer.<br />
<br />
===Datalink Update===<br />
To perform a data link update of the aircraft INS to the TDS frame of reference, the aircraft and TDS must share a prebriefed waypoint, identical in latitude and longitude. Enter this LAT/LONG data into the HOST AREA pseudo target file. The TDS will uplink the common reference point as a data link waypoint. When the aircraft and TDS INS systems agree, the data link waypoint and host area symbols will be superimposed on the TID. If they drift apart, the two pseudo targets on the TID will drift as well.<br />
<br />
To perform an update via data link, use the following steps:<br />
<br />
# Hook data link waypoint corresponding prebriefed reference point.<br />
# Select NAV category on CAP.<br />
# Overfly the hooked data link waypoint. When immediately over the point, press VIS FIX button on CAP.<br />
# Observe delta LAT and LONG on TID.<br />
# If deltas are satisfactory and update is desired, depress FIX ENABLE.<br />
# After a data link update, HOST AREA and data link waypoint should be superimposed on the TID again.<br />
<br />
===Fighter-to-Fighter Navigation Update===<br />
Net aircraft that use fighter-to-fighter data link can update their navigation system in the FF/DL mode. To update LAT/LONG hook the net aircraft symbol of an aircraft that is in close proximity and select F/F NAV UPDATE on the CAP. This will enter the hooked aircraft’s coordinates into the INS as own-aircraft coordinates. To update the nav system on an aircraft that is not close, first obtain a radar STT on that aircraft, hook the STT-ed aircraft on the TID and then press F/F NAV UPDATE on the CAP.<br />
<br />
=Defensive Systems=<br />
----<br />
The F-14B is equipped with various defensive systems: the AN/ALE-39 Countermeasure Dispensing System (CMDS), for the release of chaff and flares, the AN/ALQ-126 Deception ECM (DECM), for jamming enemy radar, and the AN/ALR-67 Radar Warning Reciever (RWR), for detection of enemy radar emitters and missile launches.<br />
<br />
==AN/ALR-67 RWR==<br />
[[File:alr-67.png|thumb|400px]]<br />
The AN/ALR-67 Radar Warning Receiver (RWR) provides the Hornet the ability to detect radars via the radio/microwave radiation they emit.<br />
<br />
===Audio Tones===<br />
Accompanying the RWR are various audio feedback tones:<br />
*'''Single Beep:''' A new ground- or sea-based emitter has been detected.<br />
*'''Double Beep:''' A new airborne emitter has been detected.<br />
*'''Repeating Beep:''' An emitter is tracking.<br />
*'''Faster Repeating Beep:''' An emitter is guiding a missile or is a missile.<br />
<br />
<br />
On the RWR gauge, the RWR knob will control the volume of the RWR tones.<br />
<br />
===Emitter Identifiers===<br />
''This list is, at present, not complete.''<br />
{|class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"<br />
!Type<br />
!RWR ID<br />
|-<br />
|U<br />
|Unknown<br />
|-<br />
|M<br />
|Active radar-homing missile<br />
|-<br />
|S<br />
|Search radar<br />
|-<br />
|3<br />
|SA-3 "Goa"<br />
|-<br />
|6<br />
|SA-6 "Gainful"<br />
|-<br />
|8<br />
|SA-8 "Gecko"<br />
|-<br />
|10<br />
|SA-10 "Grumble"<br />
|-<br />
|11<br />
|SA-11 "Gadfly"<br />
|-<br />
|11<br />
|F-111 Aardvark<br />
|-<br />
|12<br />
|SA-12 "Gladiator"<br />
|-<br />
|13<br />
|SA-13 "Gopher"<br />
|-<br />
|13<br />
|C-130 Hercules<br />
|-<br />
|14<br />
|F-14 Tomcat<br />
|-<br />
|15<br />
|F-15 Eagle<br />
|-<br />
|15 <br />
|SA-15 "Gauntlet"<br />
|-<br />
|16<br />
|F-16 Fighting Falcon<br />
|-<br />
|17<br />
|C-17 Globemaster III<br />
|-<br />
|18<br />
|F/A-18 Hornet<br />
|-<br />
|22<br />
|Tu-22 "Blinder"<br />
|-<br />
|23<br />
|MiG-23 "Flogger"<br />
|-<br />
|24<br />
|Su-24 "Fencer"<br />
|-<br />
|25<br />
|MiG-25 "Foxbat"<br />
|-<br />
|29<br />
|MiG-29 "Fulcrum"<br />
|-<br />
|29<br />
|Su-27 "Flanker"<br />
|-<br />
|29<br />
|Su-33 "Flanker-D"<br />
|-<br />
|30<br />
|Su-30 "Flanker-C"<br />
|-<br />
|31<br />
|MiG-31 "Foxhound"<br />
|-<br />
|34<br />
|Su-34 "Fullback"<br />
|-<br />
|39<br />
|Su-25M "Frogfoot"<br />
|-<br />
|40<br />
|''Spruance''-class destroyer<br />
|-<br />
|48<br />
|''Nimitz''-class carrier<br />
|-<br />
|49<br />
|''Oliver Hazard Perry''-class frigate<br />
|-<br />
|50<br />
|A-50 "Mainstay"<br />
|-<br />
|52<br />
|B-52 Stratofortress<br />
|-<br />
|76<br />
|IL-76 "Candid"<br />
|-<br />
|78<br />
|IL-78 "Midas"<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==AN/ALE-39 CMDS==<br />
[[File:f14 cms.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The AN/ALE-39 is the countermeasures dispensing set installed in the F-14B in this simulation. It controls its own set of launchers located between the engine nozzles on the underside of the so-called beaver-tail. The launchers each have two sections, one containing 10 cartridges and the other 20. They are referred to the left and right dispensers even though the left is really the front one and the right the back one with both being mounted inline on the left side of the tailhook. This is a remnant from the earliest model F-14s carrying the AN/ALE-29.<br />
<br />
This all sums up to a capacity of 60 cartridges in the system with each section necessarily holding one type of cartridges meaning that any combination of cartridges is possible as long as each type’s quantity is a multiple of 10. The system itself has no real knowledge of what is loaded where so incorrectly programming the system can lead to the wrong type of cartridge being ejected.<br />
<br />
===Cockpit Controls===<br />
The system itself can be operated manually from the control panel in the RIO pit or the DLC thumbwheel on the pilot stick when the flaps lever is in the up position. It is also capable of running programmed sequences of ejection which in turn can be initiated manually by the RIO from the control panel or the direction hats mounted on the handhold over the DDD. In addition, the AN/ALR-67 can also initiate the chaff ejection program if set up correctly on the AN/ALE-39 control panel.<br />
<br />
==AN/ALQ-126 DECM==<br />
The AN/ALQ-126 deception jammer is designed to detect radar threats, analyze them, select the optimum countermeasure technique available and apply it. Available techniques for jamming are amongst others, main lobe blanking, inverse con-scan, range-gate pull-off and swept square modes. In DCS this is modeled as a simple noise jammer due to engine limitations but controlled by the DECM logic as to when it’s on or off.<br />
<br />
===Cockpit Controls===<br />
The controls for the AN/ALQ-126 DECM are all located on the right horizontal panel in the RIO pit, the panel as the image above. In addition, there are two indication lights co-located with the RWR threat indicators on the right side of the TID. The mode selector knob controls power and operational mode that the system is in. The modes for the DECM are as follows:<br />
<br />
* '''OFF:''' turns off power to the system. STBY begins pre-warming of the system, taking in all-around 5 minutes.<br />
* '''TEST HOLD 3 SEC:''' is used to prepare the system for BIT, after 3 seconds in this mode, turn the knob to TEST - ACT.<br />
* '''TEST ACT:''' starts the BIT in the system. The BIT takes approximately 30 seconds and the RCV light will be illuminated the whole time while the XMIT light will flash twice. If the STANDBY light illuminates it indicates that a no-go condition exists in the system.<br />
* '''REC:''' enables the system to receive the only mode, enabling analyzation of threats and also the threat audio.<br />
* '''RPT:''' enables full system functionality, in addition to REC it also now tries to jam threats according to the selected method.<br />
<br />
=Television Camera Set=<br />
----<br />
[[File:tcs_symbology.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The F-14B is outfitted with the ALQ-100 Television Camera Set (TCS) pod, used for visually identifying aircraft during the time of which IFF was not a trusted/more inferior method to confirming hostile aircraft and to keep track of their position, as well as their living status.<br />
<br />
==Symbology==<br />
On the TID, in non-TV mode, a TCS track is indicated by a 1.5” strobe at TCS LOS azimuth with a hollow circle at the end.<br />
<br />
The symbology on the video feed from the TCS has indicators for the FOV and two crosshairs indicating TCS LOS relative own aircraft, GACH, and AN/AWG-9 radar LOS relative TCS LOS, RACH. Additionally, the track window is indicated by 4 small squares representing each corner of that window.<br />
<br />
The gimbal angle crosshairs or GACH, which is a solid cross, indicate deflection of the TCS LOS from the aircraft datum line, ADL. GACH crosshair in the center indicates TCS LOS along ADL and deflection towards the edges indicate deflection towards the gimbal limits with the video edges being maximum deflection.<br />
<br />
RACH or radar angle crosshairs, a dashed crosshair, indicate radar antenna LOS when inside the current TCS FOV. When the sensors slave to one another RACH and GACH will coincide creating a single solid crosshair.<br />
<br />
The track window indicates the area that the TCS contrast tracker is currently locked on to if it has acquired a target. When not in an active track these squares collapse into the center of the display being 2% of the screen width when in manual mode and 5% when in an auto mode.<br />
<br />
=LANTIRN Targeting Pod=<br />
----<br />
[[File:flir.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The F-14B can carry the AN/AAQ-14 Low Altitude Navigation and Targeting Infrared For Night (LANTIRN) targeting pod. This pod consists of a Forward-Looking Infrared (FLIR) camera (which also includes a digital charged coupled device camera) for target locating and observing, a Laser Target Designator/Ranger for firing a laser that both designates targets for laser-homing weapons and gathers ranging information for designating whatever the FLIR is pointed at as an air-to-ground, and a Laser Spot Tracker (LST) which can search for and track a laser, allowing for the FLIR to be cued onto an offboard (ground or air-designated) laser from another unit and then designate a Target off said point; this allows for most effective buddy-lasing. The targeting pod can be used in both air-to-ground and air-to-air functions, but the LTD/R and LST are only used for A/G operation.<br />
<br />
==Symbology==<br />
The following areas on the LANTIRN are to represent:<br />
# '''A/C Position Data:''' Displays aircraft LAT/LON, altitude, and groundspeed information.<br />
# '''LANTIRN Polarity:''' Displays white or hot background. AGC is for automatic gain control, MGC is for manual gain control.<br />
# '''LANTIRN Information:''' Gives general information on the pod. SR is for slant range, AZ/EL for azimuth/elevation of sight, and rest is UTC time.<br />
# '''LANTIRN Track Mode:''' Displays the current tracking mode. A/A is for air-to-air, A/G is for air-to-ground. Right side is for current selected weapon.<br />
# '''Track Data:''' Displays information of LAT/LON and altitude of where the sight is at.<br />
# '''Track:''' Displays the hairs for point and area track, and what the sight is directly pointed at.<br />
# '''Launch Envelopes:''' The top tape is for the heading relative of the aircraft to the track. The right side tape is for the release point.<br />
<br />
=TARPS Pod=<br />
----<br />
Not yet implemented.<br />
<br />
=Air-to-Air Radar=<br />
----<br />
==Detail Data Display==<br />
[[File:f14 ddd.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
Among the 3 digital displays, the Detail Data Display gives the RIO information about contacts from the AWG-9 radar in terms of range and radar mode, with respect to the notch filter.<br />
<br />
===Notch Filter===<br />
The AWG-9 radar in the F-14B Tomcat has a notch filter when using the pulse-doppler radar modes under certain conditions. These conditions include, but are not limited to:<br />
<br />
* ~100 knot difference of the aircraft relative to contact<br />
* Contact flying 90 degrees perpendicular CW/CCW to aircraft<br />
* Masking with ground terrain scan return<br />
<br />
<br />
There is a rough line shown in the radar modes, likewise of the jamming lobe, for when considering the notch filter that the contact will disappear from.<br />
<br />
==Tactical Information Display==<br />
[[File:f14 tid.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The Tactical Information Display (TID) gives the RIO of the F-14B the main information on the AWG-9 radar, including situational awareness, range, altitude, and contact heading.<br />
<br />
===Display Modes===<br />
The TID comes with a total of 8 display modes available, that can be toggled either on or off for purposes of gathering more information or decluttering:<br />
<br />
* '''RID DISABLE:''' ? needs more info. Not yet implemented.<br />
* '''ALT NUM:''' Displays the altitude of contact with a singular digit rounded to the nearest thousand.<br />
* '''SYM ELEM:''' Displays the symbology of contacts corresponding to HAFU.<br />
* '''DATA LINK:''' Displays contacts from the datalink frequency.<br />
* '''JAM STROBE:''' Displays the jamming strobes. Not yet implemented.<br />
* '''NON-ATTK:''' Displays determined (manual IFF or datalink) HAFU of friendly contacts.<br />
* '''VEL VECTOR:''' Displays the velocity vectors of contacts.<br />
* '''LAUNCH ZONE:''' Displays contact approximate missile launch zones.<br />
<br />
==AN/AWG-9 Radar==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat is equipped with the AN/AWG-9 all-weather and pulse-doppler radar. It is a very long-range radar used for the main purpose of intercept.<br />
<br />
===Radar Modes===<br />
The AWG-9 in the F-14B comes with 2 types of radar modes: doppler and pulse-doppler search. Of those two, subsets are able to be observed as 5 in this list:<br />
<br />
* '''PD SRCH:''' Pulse-Doppler Search mode. No bias factor of the radar, but impedes to pulse-doppler methods.<br />
* '''PD STT:''' Pulse-Doppler Single Target Track mode. By default upon acquiring a lock with the AWG-9, the radar will move to this function mode. It is currently suspectable to the notch filter.<br />
* '''RWS:''' Range While Search mode. The radar will prioritize the range of targets but not other factors. Falls under pulse-doppler.<br />
* '''TWS MAN:''' Track While Scan - Manual mode. The radar will prioritize the situational awareness of other targets but not give information on every target. The radar will also prioritize targets by threat importance.<br />
* '''TWS AUTO:''' Track While Scan - Auto mode. The radar will perform the same as TWS Man, but the elevation and azimuth controls will be automated in the process for an optimal scan.<br />
* '''PULSE SRCH:''' Pulse Search mode. No bias factor of the radar and can not be impeded to the notch filter, unlike the pulse-doppler method. The radar will, however, output a return of everything that is scanned and requires tuning.<br />
* '''PULSE STT:''' Pulse Single Target Track mode. Performing similarly to Pulse Search mode, this function mode applies to only a single target and is not suspectable to the notch filter.<br />
<br />
====Pulse-Doppler Search Mode====<br />
[[File:f14 pulsedoppler.png|thumb|350px]]<br />
The pulse-doppler search mode is used mainly as a kind of early warning mode. It is the search mode with the greatest detection range but it can display no range to the RIO, only closure rate. For this reason, the TID can display no track information.<br />
<br />
====Pulse-Doppler STT Mode====<br />
[[File:f14 pdstt.png|thumb|350px]]<br />
The pulse-doppler STT works and looks much like the pulse STT mode. It does, however, have the same advantages and disadvantages compared to pulse STT as the other pulse-doppler modes compared to the pulse modes. This means that while much better at tracking a target close to the ground it is however vulnerable to notching.<br />
<br />
The DDD display for pulse-doppler STT looks like pulse STT display except that the target return and antenna azimuth display are moved to the left side of the screen and a generated synthetic target marker is displayed at the correct azimuth instead. This is so that the targets range can be displayed by the synthetic target, unlike the other pulse-doppler modes which only shows closure rate. The other symbology on the DDD in this mode are the same as in pulse STT.<br />
<br />
====Range While Search Mode====<br />
In range while search, a frequency measuring ranging mode is added (FM ranging) to allow the radar to measure the range of tracked targets in addition to closure rate. This additional processing does, however, mean that the effective range of the radar is somewhat lesser. The display on the DDD is the same as in pulse-doppler search, the TID however also shows tracks in this mode showing the targets as tracks momentarily as they’re scanned and displaying their position and altitude. <br />
<br />
The targets are shown for a maximum of two seconds or until the antenna again scans the same bar at the same azimuth at which time it is removed unless detected again. The maximum number of concurrently shown tracks are 48.<br />
<br />
====TWS Manual Mode====<br />
The track, while scan mode uses the same FM ranging as RWS with the same reduction in range compared to pulse-doppler search and the DDD display, is also the same. The main difference that the computer establishes track files and tracks up to 24 targets concurrently of which 18 can be shown on the TID at any given time.<br />
<br />
As the computer routine calculating these tracks need a set track refresh time of 2 seconds this limits available azimuth scan area and bar settings to either 20° 4 bars or 40° 2 bars. When entering TWS the computer automatically selects the ±20° 4 bar scan disregarding the RIO set scan volumes unless those are set to ±40° 2 bars in which case that is used instead.<br />
<br />
The TWS mode is also the only mode enabling guidance of the AIM-54 at multiple targets (up to six), and as soon as engageable targets are detected the computer starts assigning them a missile priority number according to optimal missile firing sequence.<br />
<br />
====TWS Auto Mode====<br />
Performing similarly to TWS Man mode, what differs between the two is that in TWS auto the computer takes control of used scan volume and scan pattern azimuth and elevation as soon as target tracks are present. The WCS computer automatically tries to optimize the scan volume and direction so that tracking of the prioritized targets is maximized. If not selected before launch the WCS overrides as soon as the first AIM-54 is launched and selects TWS Auto.<br />
<br />
====Pulse Search Mode====<br />
[[File:f14 pulse.png|thumb|350px]]<br />
Pulse search is used to search for and find airborne targets at range. It is possible to use this radar mode as a basic ground mapper as well which can be useful for navigation and navigational fixes and can also be used in a pinch to detect larger surface targets like ships. Keep in mind though that the radar is not built with this as its main function and that a real air-to-ground radar will outperform it handily.<br />
<br />
In this mode, the radar cannot by itself differentiate targets and generate tracks meaning that the WCS will not generate track files and display anything on the TID. This also means that pulse search is not capable of guiding missiles.<br />
<br />
====Pulse STT Mode====<br />
[[File:f14 pstt.png|thumb|350px]]<br />
Pulse STT is used to track a single target, like pulse search mode it is not susceptible to notching but it is to ground clutter. The fact that the STT modes use gates to track the target, in this case, range gates, means that it is less susceptible to ground clutter but a target close enough to the ground that the ground return enters the range gates would be likely to shake the lock.<br />
<br />
As it is only in the pulse-doppler modes that the missile guidance commands can be sent pulse STT is limited to launching AIM-7s in CW mode and AIM-54s in an active launch mode limiting their ranges. At short ranges, ACM ranges, it is possible to use the ASPECT switch to set what aspect of the target to track, this is just to counter different types of countermeasures. As an example, if set to NOSE the radar will be less susceptible to chaff as the radar weights its track towards the targets leading-edge (nose) away from the chaff being launched behind the target.<br />
<br />
A successful track is indicated by the ANT TRK and RDROT indicator lights on the DDD, meaning that the antenna is tracking the target and that the target is within the range gates. If the target is jamming with sufficient strength, negating a range track, the radar will transition to a jam angle track instead, indicated by the JAT indicator light on the DDD illuminating instead of the RDROT. When range tracking is again possible at closer ranges the radar will transition to that instead.<br />
<br />
The DDD in this mode will be similar to the pulse search mode but the antenna will be locked onto the target and not scan. Additionally, the DDD will show the range gates around the target, a closing rate symbol at the right scale and applicable attack symbology if a valid missile is selected.<br />
<br />
===Anti-Jamming Modes===<br />
Not yet implemented.<br />
<br />
===AN/APX-76 IFF Interrogator===<br />
The AN/APX-76 IFF (Identification Friend or Foe) interrogator is integrated into the AN/AWG-9 operation. Then interrogator antenna itself is located on the AN/AWG-9 antenna gimbal platform. An IFF system works by sending out an interrogation pulse and then listening for returns from cooperating transponders. In addition to the unencrypted civilian mode the AN/APX-76 is capable of interrogating in the encrypted military mode 4. This ensures that targets replying to mode 4 interrogations are indeed friendly. The AN/APX-76 can be used both in search radar modes and in STT radar modes. To enable interrogation the IFF switch is depressed on the Detail Data Display Panel which then activates the interrogator for as long as the button is held up to 10 seconds max.<br />
<br />
When enabled IFF received IFF returns are then overlaid on the normal AN/AWG-9 radar returns on the DDD. A friendly target will be indicated with two bars, one above and one below the normal radar return. As the AN/APX-76 is a separate radar, secondary mode, radar apart from the AWG-9 the IFF can sometimes also detect targets not detected by the AWG-9. In this case the IFF return will not have a radar echo inside it. In the search mode this is overlaid over each target replying and in STT over the STT target. Additionally, if the STT target is hooked on the TID the DDD will switch from normal range display to a ±10 NM display to enable display of multiple returns in case of closely grouped targets.<br />
<br />
==HAFU/Datalink==<br />
[[File:HAFU.png|right|80px]]<br />
Hostile, Ambiguous, Friendly or Unknown (HAFU) is a symbology system used by the F/A-18 to represent trackfiles; specifically, to show its status as a friendly or hostile. It is usually what trackfiles are displayed as across the software.<br />
<br />
There are four HAFU symbols:<br />
*'''Triangle:''' Hostile (red when colored)<br />
*'''Thick Staple:''' Ambiguous (yellow when colored)<br />
*'''Half-Circle:''' Friendly (green when colored)<br />
*'''Thin Staple:''' Unknown (yellow when colored)<br />
<br />
<br />
All types except ambiguous can be manually assigned via the [[#SA Format|Situational Awareness]] format. Tracks will also be automatically identified as explained below.<br />
<br />
A hostile HAFU will be assigned whenever:<br />
* A negative IFF response is returned, and<br />
** An NCTR print returns with an aircraft type that is on the hostile coalition; or<br />
** A SURV (surveillance, like an AWACS) source over datalink also marks it hostile; or<br />
** A F/F (fighter-fighter, like another F/A-18) source over datalink also marks it hostile.<br />
<br />
<br />
An ambiguous HAFU will be assigned when the aircraft and a donor have conflicting identifications (friendly and hostile).<br />
<br />
A friendly HAFU will be assigned whenever an IFF interrogation returns as friendly or the track itself is contributed to by the Precise Participant Location and Identification (PPLI) system.<br />
<br />
An unknown HAFU will be assigned by default until it is updated by meeting one of the requirements above.<br />
<br />
=Air-to-Air Weapons=<br />
----<br />
This area will cover over all the different air-to-air weapons brought with the F-14B Tomcat.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Air Gun==<br />
[[File:f14 gun aa.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
''Using Real-Time mode.''<br />
<br />
The F-14 Tomcat is outfitted with the M61A1 Vulcan 6-barreled Gatling cannon, being able to hold up a maximum of 675 rounds internally.<br />
<br />
===Gun Rates===<br />
The cannon offers 2 modes of combat in the F-14B: <br />
<br />
* '''LOW:''' mode which slows down the muzzle rate, used for Air-to-Ground.<br />
* '''HIGH:''' mode which is to be used for Basic Fighter Maneuvering. (BFM)<br />
<br />
===Gun Modes===<br />
The cannon for Air-to-Air mode is able to be placed into 2 following positions:<br />
<br />
* '''Manual:''' this mode is able to be selected by depressing the CAGE/SEAM button, which will then only display the pipper and ammo count.<br />
* '''Real-Time:''' this mode is the regular, default mode. Along with a radar lock, the pipper will calculate to be accurate when directed to the diamond contact box. This will also give a closure rate towards the contact and the range relative to the aircraft.<br />
<br />
===Symbology===<br />
<br />
The symbology for the cannon is displayed on the HUD with the weapon master selector in the GUN position, and display in A/A. By default, the gun rounds indicator will be displayed as 0 for rounds per 100. Located next to the display panel to the right is the gun ammo counter. Additionally, the gunsight elevation is also able to be adjusted underneath the steer commands on the display panel.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Air Missiles==<br />
===AIM-54 Phoenix===<br />
The AIM-54 is a long-range, semi-active radar missile for Air-to-Air use. The F-14 was the only aircraft to carry it in service, and was used to take down Soviet bombers. However, it is able to be used on fighters as well. The AIM-54 comes with a proximity fuse and missile gate suite for non-direct contact explosions and radar tracking methods. <br />
<br />
Upon the launch of the missile, active input from the AN/AWG-9 radar is used to guide itself towards the contact. When reaching pitbull range (~20 nmi.) the missile will then use the radar in itself and steer until impact. <br />
<br />
The time until impact will be calculated during the whole flight of the missile after the launch sequence on the TID as a seconds counter next to the contact.<br />
<br />
====AIM-54A Mk.60====<br />
The A variant Mk.60 is a specific version of the AIM-54 Phoenix which utilizes burn time and speed over agility and smoke. The Mk.60 is able to be fired from at most ~100 nmi. under optimal conditions, factoring altitude, kinetic airspeed, contact airspeed and altitude. The recommended firing distance of the variant, however, is ~45 nmi.<br />
<br />
====AIM-54C Mk.47====<br />
The C variant Mk.47 is a later upgrade to the missile that utilizes agility and smoke over burn time and speed. While the C variant provides a no-smoke solution, it lacks the favoring of speed and distance. Under optimal conditions similar to the A, this missile variant is best at ~60 nmi. The recommended distance to a contact for firing is ~30 nmi.<br />
<br />
===AIM-7 Sparrow===<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
===AIM-9 Sidewinder===<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
=Air-to-Ground Weapons=<br />
----<br />
The F-14B Tomcat comes with a variety of air-to-ground weapons after the upgrade to the Bombcat.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Ground Gun==<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Ground Bombs==<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
===Mk-20/81/82/83/84 GPB===<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
===GBU-12/14/16 LGB===<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
===BDU-33 Training Bomb===<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
===ADM-141 TALD===<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Ground Rockets==<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
=Resources=<br />
----<br />
==Manuals & Documents==<br />
* [https://info.publicintelligence.net/F14AAP-1B.pdf F-14B NATOPS Pocket Checklist]<br />
* [http://www.heatblur.se/F-14Manual/ Heatblur F-14 Manual]<br />
<br />
==Heatblur's Videos==<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q1o7E9pb95Y Episode 1: Overview]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OO3IdQjAdDA Episode 2: Pilot's Cockpit Walkaround]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ws1GxPG2ZXw Episode 3: Cold And Dark (Full Startup)]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kgpGO7fj4oU Episode 4: The RIO's Office]<br />
<br />
==Jabbers' Tutorial Videos==<br />
(They're good!)<br />
<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2qwlJs__iYk Pilot - Startup/Taxi/Takeoff with JESTER AI]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b5opjCygZug Pilot - Maneuvering and Flight Characteristics]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f4y2oZ-7rM8 Pilot - Air-to-Air Refueling]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ujk4hL_EnUc Pilot - ACM - Radar Acquisition Modes]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wftck0C3fJ8 Pilot - Weapons - Zuni Rockets with JESTER AI]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4m-Q02gxFEA Pilot - Weapons - AIM-9 Sidewinder]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SWeHtpJ00JI RIO - Startup]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r4-Dd4ss2Rc RIO - AWG-9 Radar]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YG7sWweg2RQ RIO - IFF Interrogation]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2q-bHFyTEr8 Overview - AIM-54C Mk.47 Phoenix - Tacview Debrief]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PyAQpqVhtBY Overview - AIM-54A Mk.60 Phoenix - Tacview Debrief]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4groy-_Bxfk Quick Tips - AIM-54 Phoenix]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Is3AtOX-abw Quick Tips - Bombing]</div>Siriushttps://wiki.hoggitworld.com/index.php?title=F-14A/B&diff=10601F-14A/B2019-09-06T16:04:48Z<p>Sirius: /* AIM-54A Mk.60 */</p>
<hr />
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{{ModuleInfo<br />
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<br />
''Credits to Jak for having the [[F/A-18C]] page serve as a guide and filler content on related systems.''<br />
<br />
The Grumman '''F-14A/B''' Tomcat is a two-seat, twin-engine supersonic variable wing-sweep fighter aircraft. The F-14 was the first US fighter jet with twin tails and was the largest & heaviest US fighter to ever fly from an aircraft carrier. The reason that the F-14 was so incredibly large and heavy was that it carried the large AWG-9 radar and accompanying AIM-54 Phoenix (air-to-air) missiles: this very capable combination allowed the F-14 to make shots of up to 200 nautical miles at the bad guys. Also, being big means you can carry a lot of fuel!<br />
<br />
Of course, the practical range of the AWG-9 is rather more limited, especially if you are shooting at more maneuverable fighter-sized targets, but even at these closer ranges, the AIM-54 Phoenix is still a capable missile that should not be underestimated. The F-14 is also capable of carrying an array of air-to-ground weapons, such as dumb bombs in both high and low drag forms, air-to-ground Zuni rockets and even laser-guided bombs, which can be self-designated using the LANTIRN targeting pod on the F-14.<br />
<br />
Most people will recognize and adore the F-14 because of its stardom presence in that one weird volleyball movie from the '80s. Its on-screen presence in movies will make the F-14 to appear docile and easy to fly, but due to lack of a fly-by-wire the F-14 can be a real handful: it being a pilot's aircraft however makes it fun to fly and learn. The analogous nature of the F-14 (comparable to the F-5E II Tigershark) will give you a good knowledge of the airplane over time but requires a bit of a different mindset that the computerized flight of the F/A-18C and the F-15.<br />
<br />
__TOC__<br />
<br />
=Weapons List=<br />
----<br />
==Implemented==<br />
Partially or fully implemented weapons of the F14/A/B Tomcat:<br />
* M61 Vulcan Six-Barreled Gatling Gun<br />
* AIM-7M/F Sparrow<br />
* CAP/AIM-9M Sidewinder<br />
* AIM-54A Phoenix Mk. 60<br />
* AIM-54C Phoenix Mk. 47<br />
* Mk-81, 82, 83, and 84 <br />
* GBU-10, 12, 16, and 24 <br />
* MK-20 Rockeye<br />
* Zuni Rockets<br />
* BDU-33 Practice Bombs<br />
* ADM-141 TALD<br />
* LUU-2 Parachute Flare<br />
* Smokewinder<br />
* LANTIRN Pod<br />
* FPU-1 Fuel Tank<br />
<br />
==Planned==<br />
Weapons not yet implemented into the Tomcat:<br />
* TARPS Pod<br />
<br />
=Hands On Throttle And Stick (HOTAS)=<br />
----<br />
==Throttle==<br />
[[File:throttle.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The throttle of the F-14 Tomcat consists of 2 quadrants, both for the left and right engines. There is an afterburner detent along with a cutoff detent for maximum throttle and shutdown of the engine for each quadrant.<br />
<br />
The throttle has the following controls:<br />
# '''Speed Brake Switch:''' 2-position switch. "EXT" is a momentary and needed input position that extends the speed brake outward depending on the aircraft speed.<br />
# '''Wing Sweep Switch:''' 4-way hat switch. "AUTO" sets the wing to sweep automatically determined by an onboard computer, "BOMB" sets the wing to sweep in an angled position between fully extended and retracted and dependent on speed for the air-to-ground bombing.<br />
# '''PLM Button:''' multifunction button. When the steering command is in A2A mode, this acts as a pilot lock-on tool for the AWG-9 radar. But when used for landing and/or in the LDG steering command mode, this allows for disengagement of the ACLS.<br />
# '''CAGE/SEAM Button:''' multifunction button. When the steering command is in A2A mode, this allows for CAGE/SEAM lock-on of the AIM-9 Sidewinder. But when used for landing and/or in the LDG steering command mode, this allows for disengagement of the APC.<br />
# '''Exterior Light Switch:''' 2-position switch. Used to toggle the exterior lights of the aircraft.<br />
# '''ICS PTT Switch:''' 2-position switch. Acts as a push-to-talk system for the ICS system inside of the aircraft used between the Pilot and RIO. (or JESTER AI)<br />
<br />
==Control Stick==<br />
[[File:stick.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The control stick is located in the center of the cockpit, mounted onto the floor. Left and right movements of the control stick direct hydraulic movement to the spoilers and horizontal stabilizers of the aircraft. Forward and backward movement result to respectively the same but to the horizontal stabilizers.<br />
<br />
The control stick has the following controls:<br />
# '''Bomb Release Button:''' single-purpose button. When pressed in A2G steering command mode, all pylons selected with bombs will release respective of the ripple settings, type, and interval.<br />
# '''Trim Hat:''' 4-way hat switch. Upward movement moves the aircraft downward, and downward movement moves the aircraft upward. Both left and right movements follow to their directions according to their name.<br />
# '''Weapon Select Hat:''' 4-way hat switch. Bottom selection is OFF, and a ridge requires a momentary push action to move in/out of to GUN. Following all to the top are SW, then SP/PH which requires a momentary push action to switch between.<br />
# '''DLC & Maneuver Flap Command Wheel:''' scrollable dial. Moving it with the landing gears fully deployed acts as a variable control for spoiler extension. With the landing gears up, the dial also acts the same but for flaps and slats.<br />
# '''DLC Engage/Disengage & CMS Dispense Button:''' multifunction button. When pressed with the landing gears fully deployed, this controls the engagement and disengagement of the DLC system. But with the landing gears fully retracted, this allows for pilot control of the CMS system.<br />
# '''Autopilot Reference & NWS Button:''' multifunction button. When the aircraft is up in the air, this controls specific autopilot settings. But when the aircraft is on the ground, this controls the activation of the nosewheel steering system.<br />
# '''Autopilot Emergency Disengage Paddle:''' multifunction button. Disengages all autopilot modes and DLC and releases all autopilot switches and roll and pitch SAS switches to OFF position.<br />
# '''Weapon Firing Trigger:''' two-stage trigger switch. The first detent enables CTVS and gun camera. Second detent releases selected forwards firing the weapon.<br />
<br />
=Flight Controls & Landing Gear=<br />
----<br />
==Flight Controls==<br />
[[File:Wheels-flaps.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The F-14B has a large hydraulic system which covers for all of the control surfaces of the aircraft. Without the hydraulic system, or taking damage the controls are in risk of improperly working. The F-14 Tomcat was the last of its generation to have no integration of an FBW or FCS system, which was introduced with the F-15 Eagle.<br />
<br />
The F-14's primary flight controls are:<br />
* '''Left Spoilers (LES):''' A set of spoilers that lie within the left wing of the aircraft that help with aileron movement and control that react opposite of the intended direction.<br />
* '''Right Spoilers (RES):''' A set of spoilers that lie within the right wing of the aircraft that help with aileron movement and control that react opposite of the intended direction.<br />
* '''Tailerons (TAIL):''' Two horizontal stabilizers located on the rear end of the aircraft that control both pitch and aileron movement.<br />
* '''Leading Edge Flaps (LEF):''' Normal slats located on the leading (front) edge of the wings to add lift.<br />
* '''Trailing Edge Flaps (TEF):''' Normal flaps located on the trailing (back) edge of the wings to add lift.<br />
<br />
<br />
The control stick controls the stabilators, ailerons, and rudder and the rudder pedals control the rudder.<br />
<br />
===Flaps System===<br />
The aircraft's flap system provides more lift (and as a byproduct, drag). The flaps lever has two positions:<br />
* '''NONE:''' This applies no flap whatsoever to the wings of the aircraft.<br />
* '''FULL:''' This applies full movement of flaps to the wings of the aircraft.<br />
<br />
<br />
The flaps lever allows for variable movement, which gives the pilot the ability to control the amount of flap they wish for.<br />
<br />
===Speed Brake===<br />
The speed brake is a flap located on the end of the aircraft designed to provide drag to decelerate faster. It is activated via the speed brake switch on the throttle. The two positions are:<br />
* '''EXT:''' When the switch is moved aft, this extends the speed brake of the aircraft out depending on the airspeed.<br />
* '''RET:''' When the switch is moved forward, this retracts the speed brake.<br />
<br />
===Trim===<br />
The tailerons are capable of being trimmed to make roll and pitch corrections. This is accomplished with the trim hat on the controls stick. When the autopilot system is engaged, the onboard computer will attempt to make active trim movements in order to keep the aircraft within the specified attitude when set, along of the setting parameters. As speed is either gained or lost, the trim will actively move the stick as well along of the tailerons to adapt.<br />
<br />
===Wing Sweep===<br />
The wings of the aircraft are a variable-sweep design allowing for automatic or manual movements from pilot input on the right throttle quadrant. Similar to wing fold, the wings are able to be overswept from its maximum position through a master reset of the system in order to allow tighter space and closer parking on the carrier deck.<br />
<br />
==Landing Gear==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat has 3 retractable landing gears: the nose gear, the left gear, and the right gear. The gear is moved via the gear lever on the left side of the cockpit. In the up position, the gear will retract. In the down position, the gear will extend. The gear lever cannot be put up with weight on wheels. The gear will not retract with the launch bar extended.<br />
<br />
===Nosewheel Steering===<br />
The nose gear features nosewheel steering (NWS) controlled by the rudder pedals. With the weight off of the wheels, it is disengaged. It automatically engages upon there being the weight on wheels. NWS is disengaged manually via the button on the stick.<br />
<br />
===Launch Bar===<br />
On the front nosegear is a launch bar that attaches the airplane to a catapult from launches from an aircraft carrier. Its deployment is pilot-controlled, but it is connected to the catapult by the ground crew (DCS default binding is U).<br />
<br />
It is controlled via the launch bar switch on the left upper console. When the switch in the RETRACT position, the launch bar will retract, but physically cannot do so when connected to the catapult. The switch will move to the RETRACT position automatically when there is a weight off wheels. In the EXTEND position, the launch bar will extend if there is the weight on wheels.<br />
<br />
=Autopilot and Autothrottle=<br />
----<br />
The F-14 Tomcat has the ability to automate certain types of flight via its Automatic Flight Control System (AFCS) and Automatic Throttle Control (ATC). The AFCS, or simply the autopilot, control the flight surfaces and the ATC controls the throttles.<br />
<br />
==AFCS==<br />
[[File:afcs.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The Automatic Flight Control System (AFCS), or just the "autopilot", controls the aircraft's flight controls to automate maneuvering. It is interfaced on the autopilot panel via the A/P engage switch. On the autopilot panel, there are 7 modes able to be toggled:<br />
# '''Pitch Stabilizer Augmentation:''' 2-position switch. This switch controls the ability for the pitch to be augmented for dampening.<br />
# '''Roll Stabilizer Augmentation:''' 2-position switch. This switch controls the ability for the roll to be augmented for dampening.<br />
# '''Yaw Stabilizer Augmentation:''' 2-position switch. This switch controls the ability for the yaw to be augmented for dampening.<br />
# '''VEC/PCD/ACL Switch:''' 3-position switch. This switch controls the remote control modes of autopilot with the steering bars and ACLS.<br />
# '''ALT Switch:''' 2-position switch.' This switch controls the ability to maintain the current altitude when autopilot is engaged.<br />
# '''HDG/GT Switch:''' 3-position switch. This switch controls the ability to maintain the current heading when autopilot is engaged.<br />
# '''ENGAGE Switch:''' 2-position switch. This switch engages and disengages the autopilot.<br />
<br />
==ATC==<br />
The automatic throttle control (ATC), or just "autothrottle", controls the physical throttles and thereby automated thrust control. ATC is toggled via ATC engage/disengage switch next to the throttle. When the ATC is engaged, the physical means of the throttle quadrants will begin to move on their own. However, whenever the pilot makes any new movement to the throttle whatsoever, the ATC will disengage to allow pilot control over both of the engines. The ATC is primarily used for landing on a carrier along of the ACLS system.<br />
<br />
=Digital Systems Overview=<br />
----<br />
[[File:displays.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
==Pilot==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat comes with 2 digital display screens in the Pilot cockpit:<br />
* '''Vertical Display Indicator (VDI):''' a multifunction display that allows for the pilot to see their HUD in a form of a repeater, and the [[#Television Camera Set|TCS]].<br />
* '''Horizontal Situation Display Indicator (HSD):''' a multifunction display that allows for the pilot to see their virtual compass for navigation modes, and the [[#AWG-9 Pulse-Doppler Radar|AWG-9 Radar]] from the RIO TID as a repeater.<br />
<br />
===Heads Up Display===<br />
The head-up display (HUD) is a projected display at the front of the cockpit that serves as the primary flight instrument. It also provides various indications for weapon delivery; this section will cover the HUD's indications in NAV master mode. Master mode/weapon-specific indications on the HUD will be covered in the relevant section.<br />
<br />
====Reject Modes====<br />
Via the switches next to the TO button on the displays panel, you are able to "declutter" or remove information off of the HUD.<br />
<br />
==Radar Intercept Officer==<br />
The Radar Intercept Officer (RIO) comes with 3 digital display screens in the RIO cockpit:<br />
* '''Detail Data Display (DDD):''' a dual-purpose display that allows for the RIO to see contacts on the [[#AWG-9 Pulse-Doppler Radar|radar]], based on the range and radar mode.<br />
* '''Tactical Information Display (TID):''' a multi-purpose display that allows for the RIO to see their [[#AWG-9 Pulse-Doppler Radar|AWG-9]] situational awareness, [[#Television Camera Set|TCS]], [[#TARPS Pod|TARPS]] and [[#LANTIRN Targeting Pod|LANTIRN]] pods.<br />
* '''Horizontal Situation Display Indicator (HSD):''' a multi-purpose display as to the one in the pilot cockpit.<br />
<br />
==Master Modes==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat has 5 primarily modes for information displayed. The 5 master modes are:<br />
* '''TO:''' switch. Displays takeoff information on HUD and VDI for degrees.<br />
* '''CRUISE:''' single-purpose button. Displays in-air flight information on HUD and VDI for degrees.<br />
* '''A/A:''' single-purpose button. Displays air-to-air information on HUD and VDI for degrees; and weapon employment.<br />
* '''A/G:''' single-purpose button. Displays air-to-ground information on HUD and VDI for degrees; and weapon employment.<br />
* '''LDG:''' single-purpose button. Displays landing information on HUD and VDI for degrees.<br />
<br />
<br />
Additionally, the F-14 Tomcat has an Air Combat Maneuver (ACM) panel which controls all air-to-air and air-to-ground aspects for armament.<br />
<br />
=Navigation=<br />
----<br />
The F-14 Tomcat has an inertial navigation system (INS) that allows the pilot to navigate by internal gyros aligned. However, due to the fault of having no GPS assistance, these gyros slowly drift over time and cause misalignment for visual information.<br />
<br />
==HSD==<br />
[[File:Hsd.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The Horizontal Situation Display Indicator (HSD) is the primary interface with the airplane's navigation systems. The HSI can be accessed from the bottom display screen. The basic function of the HSI is a rotating compass with a looking-from-above perspective. The controls for this screen are:<br />
# '''BRT Control:''' dial. Controls the brightness of the HSD screen.<br />
# '''HDG Control:''' dial. Controls the heading reference in TACAN mode.<br />
# '''CRS Control:''' dial. Controls the course heading reference in MAN and TACAN modes.<br />
# '''Test Button:''' single-purpose button. Resets the HSD screen if overload protection activates.<br />
# '''BIT Indicator:''' light. Shows a white light if a failure produces in the HSD.<br />
<br />
=== Steering Commands ===<br />
The HSD comes with a set of 5 different steering commands, which each have their own purpose towards displaying certain information:<br />
* '''TACAN:''' single-purpose button. Displays information based off of a radio beacon with range and direction.<br />
* '''DEST:''' single-purpose button. Displays information off of a selected waypoint from the RIO with range and direction.<br />
* '''AWL/PCD:''' single-purpose button. Displays information off of an ICLS frequency with azimuth and elevation bars (on VDI and HUD)<br />
* '''VEC:''' single-purpose button. ? (needs more info.)<br />
* '''MAN:''' single-purpose button. Displays information off of an entered heading (HDG Control) with direction.<br />
<br />
==Waypoints==<br />
The F-14B comes with an onboard flight computer system that handles waypoint navigation during in-air flight. The navigation system in the F-14B Tomcat gives a variety of waypoint holders, along with information for a set home plate.<br />
<br />
===Pilot===<br />
For the F-14B pilot, the waypoint information is able to be accessed by the DEST steering command and by using the NAV HSD display mode.<br />
<br />
===Radar Intercept Officer===<br />
For the F-14B Radar Intercept Officer, (RIO) the waypoints must be manually assigned by the RIO through the Computer Address Panel (CAP) system under the TAC DATA category. Once done, the waypoint must be selected through the CAP and entered in with coordinates similar to how INS alignment procedures are done.<br />
<br />
==TACAN==<br />
Tactical Air Navigation (TACAN) is a military radio navigation system. A TACAN beacon allows for an aircraft to determine its bearing and range from it, and using this information can navigate. TACAN's may be ground-based or be broadcasted by an airplane. TACAN channels have two bands, X and Y, and range from 1-126. 2 TACAN channels may be set present in the aircraft by both the Pilot and RIO for simultaneous use.<br />
<br />
The TACAN setting knobs give a range of these options:<br />
*'''T/R:''' Transmit and receive. Gets bearing and range from the TACAN.<br />
*'''RCV:''' Receive. Gets bearing from the TACAN.<br />
*'''A/A:''' Air-to-air TACAN mode.<br />
*'''X:''' Tunes the selected frequency on the X band.<br />
*'''Y:''' Tunes the selected frequency on the Y band.<br />
<br />
==ICLS==<br />
For night and low visibility operations, aircraft carriers have an Instrument Carrier Landing System (ICLS) to allow for instrument approaches to the carrier. ICLS provides horizontal and vertical guidance. The F-14 is equipped with ICLS.<br />
<br />
To activate the airplane's ICLS antenna, an ICLS dial is present to the right of the warning lights advisory panel, with an ARA on/off switch, used to toggle power to the system.<br />
<br />
When ILS is selected on the HSI, two bars, one horizontal and one vertical, appear near the velocity vector on the HUD. These indicate a vertical and horizontal deviation from the optimal glideslope (3°) and course to the deck. When they are both aligned with the velocity vector (making a "+"), the aircraft is on course.<br />
<br />
==ACLS==<br />
For CAT III conditions and poor visibility, the F-14 is equipped with the Automatic Carrier Landing System (ACLS) to allow an automatic flight to the carrier via. a radio-guided input from a Landing Signal Officer. (LSO) The auto-throttle and autopilot systems must be engaged and present during the time of activation with this system, along with lights given to the left of the VDI display.<br />
<br />
Datalink is required between the aircraft and the carrier in order for ACLS to work. When the best position of the azimuth and glideslope bars are within parameters, the nosewheel steering button is pressed in order to engage guidance.<br />
<br />
==Navigation Failures==<br />
The F-14B has a variety of navigation failures that may/can occur, including methods to fix them.<br />
<br />
===Navigation Fix Update===<br />
An error of latitude or longitude in the computer position of the aircraft can be corrected by a navigation fix update. Updating is especially important in the backup modes (AHRS AM and IMU/ AM) because of the estimated winds and magnetic variation changes. A nav fix is done via a ground-reference-point (latitude and longitude) position. The range and bearing of this position to the present aircraft position are used to update or correct existing values. The nav system may be updated by either a radar fix, a TACAN fix, or a visual fix.<br />
<br />
Before performing a nav fix, the latitude and longitude of the desired update point (radar, TACAN, or visual) must be stored in one of eight navigation point locations (three WPs, FIX PT, HOME BASE, HOST AREA, DEF PT, and IP). This data can be stored prior to flight by data link or by manual insertion. Then follow these steps:<br />
<br />
# Hook the Waypoint you choose to select for the nav fix.<br />
# Check the stored latitude and longitude on the TID.<br />
# Rotate the CATEGORY switch to NAV and select the desired type of update.<br />
<br />
<br />
Note that updating the position while in INS, and to a lesser degree while in IMU, can introduce a greater navigational position error than already present, in particular, if radar fix is used to update the nav system. Updates with a visual or TACAN fix provide reasonable accuracy (assuming a good MAG VAR during TACAN updates). Updating your nav system via a nav fix should be primarily used in the AHRS mode.<br />
<br />
===Radar Fix Update===<br />
An RDR FIX may be selected before or after positioning the DDD cursors. If the RDR FIX button is depressed, the computer computes the present position of the aircraft by measuring the range and bearing from the selected point. The delta between the computer position and the position determined by the INS is then displayed on the TID. If the entry of this delta into the navigation computations is desired, press the FIX ENABLE button. If the delta does not appear to be correct, the computer and the readout can be cleared by pressing the RDR FIX button. The fix may then be attempted again. The RIO should also perform periodic checks of own aircraft system altitude and update the altitude if necessary.<br />
<br />
Radar updating is performed as follows:<br />
<br />
# TID CURSOR/CAP - Hook Desired Navigation Point for Update.<br />
# PULSE SRCH button - Depress.<br />
# On sensor control panel: STAB switch - IN. EL BARS switch - 1. AZ SCAN switch - As Desired.<br />
# RDR FIX button - Depress.<br />
# DDD CURSOR button - Depress.<br />
# Action switch - Half Action (first detent).<br />
# Cursor is displayed on DDD.<br />
# Manipulate hand control DDD cursor over desired ground map point.<br />
# Action switch - Full Action and Release. (This will cause the DDD cursor to remain at the selected position.<br />
# Observe the delta for LAT and LONG on TID.<br />
# If readouts are unsatisfactory, deselect RDR FIX and repeat steps 4 through 12.<br />
# FIX ENABLE button - Depress.<br />
<br />
===TACAN Update===<br />
To perform a nav fix by TACAN requires that a restored waypoint shares identical LAT and LONG values with the TACAN station that will be used for the fix. Select the TACAN channel for the desired station and verify by listening to the coded identifier tone in the headset.<br />
<br />
Press the TACAN FIX button to update the aircraft position from a TACAN station. The WCS computer then calculates the own aircraft position error based on the range and bearing from the TACAN station. The delta is then entered in the same manner as with a radar fix.<br />
<br />
Perform a TACAN fix following these steps:<br />
<br />
# Select a TACAN channel whose latitude and longitude correspond to an update point.<br />
# Hook desired update point (WAYPT 1, FIX PT, HOME BASE, etc.).<br />
# CATEGORY switch - NAV.<br />
# TACAN FIX button - Depress.<br />
# Observe present position delta readout.<br />
# If delta is unsatisfactory, deselect TACAN FIX and repeat steps 2 through 7.<br />
# FIX ENABLE button - Depress.<br />
<br />
===Visual Update===<br />
To perform a visual fix, fly over a restored waypoint and press the VIS FIX button. Estimate your timing, because the aircraft nose and fuselage can obscure the fixed point during an overflight. It is also difficult to estimate when directly overhead a waypoint if the aircraft altitude is greater than 10.000 feet. The delta for the visual fix is displayed on the TID. Enter the delta by pressing FIX ENABLE.<br />
<br />
To perform a visual fix use the following steps:<br />
<br />
# Hook desired update point (WAY PT, HB, IP, etc.).<br />
# Select NAV category on CAP.<br />
# Overfly the selected restored point and when over the point, depress the VIS FIX button on the cap.<br />
# If the delta is not satisfactory, press VIS FIX again to clear the delta and repeat from step 1.<br />
# If a satisfactory delta is displayed, depress the FIX ENABLE button; this causes the delta correction of own-aircraft position to be inserted into the computer.<br />
<br />
===Datalink Update===<br />
To perform a data link update of the aircraft INS to the TDS frame of reference, the aircraft and TDS must share a prebriefed waypoint, identical in latitude and longitude. Enter this LAT/LONG data into the HOST AREA pseudo target file. The TDS will uplink the common reference point as a data link waypoint. When the aircraft and TDS INS systems agree, the data link waypoint and host area symbols will be superimposed on the TID. If they drift apart, the two pseudo targets on the TID will drift as well.<br />
<br />
To perform an update via data link, use the following steps:<br />
<br />
# Hook data link waypoint corresponding prebriefed reference point.<br />
# Select NAV category on CAP.<br />
# Overfly the hooked data link waypoint. When immediately over the point, press VIS FIX button on CAP.<br />
# Observe delta LAT and LONG on TID.<br />
# If deltas are satisfactory and update is desired, depress FIX ENABLE.<br />
# After a data link update, HOST AREA and data link waypoint should be superimposed on the TID again.<br />
<br />
===Fighter-to-Fighter Navigation Update===<br />
Net aircraft that use fighter-to-fighter data link can update their navigation system in the FF/DL mode. To update LAT/LONG hook the net aircraft symbol of an aircraft that is in close proximity and select F/F NAV UPDATE on the CAP. This will enter the hooked aircraft’s coordinates into the INS as own-aircraft coordinates. To update the nav system on an aircraft that is not close, first obtain a radar STT on that aircraft, hook the STT-ed aircraft on the TID and then press F/F NAV UPDATE on the CAP.<br />
<br />
=Defensive Systems=<br />
----<br />
The F-14B is equipped with various defensive systems: the AN/ALE-39 Countermeasure Dispensing System (CMDS), for the release of chaff and flares, the AN/ALQ-126 Deception ECM (DECM), for jamming enemy radar, and the AN/ALR-67 Radar Warning Reciever (RWR), for detection of enemy radar emitters and missile launches.<br />
<br />
==AN/ALR-67 RWR==<br />
[[File:alr-67.png|thumb|400px]]<br />
The AN/ALR-67 Radar Warning Receiver (RWR) provides the Hornet the ability to detect radars via the radio/microwave radiation they emit.<br />
<br />
===Audio Tones===<br />
Accompanying the RWR are various audio feedback tones:<br />
*'''Single Beep:''' A new ground- or sea-based emitter has been detected.<br />
*'''Double Beep:''' A new airborne emitter has been detected.<br />
*'''Repeating Beep:''' An emitter is tracking.<br />
*'''Faster Repeating Beep:''' An emitter is guiding a missile or is a missile.<br />
<br />
<br />
On the RWR gauge, the RWR knob will control the volume of the RWR tones.<br />
<br />
===Emitter Identifiers===<br />
''This list is, at present, not complete.''<br />
{|class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"<br />
!Type<br />
!RWR ID<br />
|-<br />
|U<br />
|Unknown<br />
|-<br />
|M<br />
|Active radar-homing missile<br />
|-<br />
|S<br />
|Search radar<br />
|-<br />
|3<br />
|SA-3 "Goa"<br />
|-<br />
|6<br />
|SA-6 "Gainful"<br />
|-<br />
|8<br />
|SA-8 "Gecko"<br />
|-<br />
|10<br />
|SA-10 "Grumble"<br />
|-<br />
|11<br />
|SA-11 "Gadfly"<br />
|-<br />
|11<br />
|F-111 Aardvark<br />
|-<br />
|12<br />
|SA-12 "Gladiator"<br />
|-<br />
|13<br />
|SA-13 "Gopher"<br />
|-<br />
|13<br />
|C-130 Hercules<br />
|-<br />
|14<br />
|F-14 Tomcat<br />
|-<br />
|15<br />
|F-15 Eagle<br />
|-<br />
|15 <br />
|SA-15 "Gauntlet"<br />
|-<br />
|16<br />
|F-16 Fighting Falcon<br />
|-<br />
|17<br />
|C-17 Globemaster III<br />
|-<br />
|18<br />
|F/A-18 Hornet<br />
|-<br />
|22<br />
|Tu-22 "Blinder"<br />
|-<br />
|23<br />
|MiG-23 "Flogger"<br />
|-<br />
|24<br />
|Su-24 "Fencer"<br />
|-<br />
|25<br />
|MiG-25 "Foxbat"<br />
|-<br />
|29<br />
|MiG-29 "Fulcrum"<br />
|-<br />
|29<br />
|Su-27 "Flanker"<br />
|-<br />
|29<br />
|Su-33 "Flanker-D"<br />
|-<br />
|30<br />
|Su-30 "Flanker-C"<br />
|-<br />
|31<br />
|MiG-31 "Foxhound"<br />
|-<br />
|34<br />
|Su-34 "Fullback"<br />
|-<br />
|39<br />
|Su-25M "Frogfoot"<br />
|-<br />
|40<br />
|''Spruance''-class destroyer<br />
|-<br />
|48<br />
|''Nimitz''-class carrier<br />
|-<br />
|49<br />
|''Oliver Hazard Perry''-class frigate<br />
|-<br />
|50<br />
|A-50 "Mainstay"<br />
|-<br />
|52<br />
|B-52 Stratofortress<br />
|-<br />
|76<br />
|IL-76 "Candid"<br />
|-<br />
|78<br />
|IL-78 "Midas"<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==AN/ALE-39 CMDS==<br />
[[File:f14 cms.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The AN/ALE-39 is the countermeasures dispensing set installed in the F-14B in this simulation. It controls its own set of launchers located between the engine nozzles on the underside of the so-called beaver-tail. The launchers each have two sections, one containing 10 cartridges and the other 20. They are referred to the left and right dispensers even though the left is really the front one and the right the back one with both being mounted inline on the left side of the tailhook. This is a remnant from the earliest model F-14s carrying the AN/ALE-29.<br />
<br />
This all sums up to a capacity of 60 cartridges in the system with each section necessarily holding one type of cartridges meaning that any combination of cartridges is possible as long as each type’s quantity is a multiple of 10. The system itself has no real knowledge of what is loaded where so incorrectly programming the system can lead to the wrong type of cartridge being ejected.<br />
<br />
===Cockpit Controls===<br />
The system itself can be operated manually from the control panel in the RIO pit or the DLC thumbwheel on the pilot stick when the flaps lever is in the up position. It is also capable of running programmed sequences of ejection which in turn can be initiated manually by the RIO from the control panel or the direction hats mounted on the handhold over the DDD. In addition, the AN/ALR-67 can also initiate the chaff ejection program if set up correctly on the AN/ALE-39 control panel.<br />
<br />
==AN/ALQ-126 DECM==<br />
The AN/ALQ-126 deception jammer is designed to detect radar threats, analyze them, select the optimum countermeasure technique available and apply it. Available techniques for jamming are amongst others, main lobe blanking, inverse con-scan, range-gate pull-off and swept square modes. In DCS this is modeled as a simple noise jammer due to engine limitations but controlled by the DECM logic as to when it’s on or off.<br />
<br />
===Cockpit Controls===<br />
The controls for the AN/ALQ-126 DECM are all located on the right horizontal panel in the RIO pit, the panel as the image above. In addition, there are two indication lights co-located with the RWR threat indicators on the right side of the TID. The mode selector knob controls power and operational mode that the system is in. The modes for the DECM are as follows:<br />
<br />
* '''OFF:''' turns off power to the system. STBY begins pre-warming of the system, taking in all-around 5 minutes.<br />
* '''TEST HOLD 3 SEC:''' is used to prepare the system for BIT, after 3 seconds in this mode, turn the knob to TEST - ACT.<br />
* '''TEST ACT:''' starts the BIT in the system. The BIT takes approximately 30 seconds and the RCV light will be illuminated the whole time while the XMIT light will flash twice. If the STANDBY light illuminates it indicates that a no-go condition exists in the system.<br />
* '''REC:''' enables the system to receive the only mode, enabling analyzation of threats and also the threat audio.<br />
* '''RPT:''' enables full system functionality, in addition to REC it also now tries to jam threats according to the selected method.<br />
<br />
=Television Camera Set=<br />
----<br />
[[File:tcs_symbology.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The F-14B is outfitted with the ALQ-100 Television Camera Set (TCS) pod, used for visually identifying aircraft during the time of which IFF was not a trusted/more inferior method to confirming hostile aircraft and to keep track of their position, as well as their living status.<br />
<br />
==Symbology==<br />
On the TID, in non-TV mode, a TCS track is indicated by a 1.5” strobe at TCS LOS azimuth with a hollow circle at the end.<br />
<br />
The symbology on the video feed from the TCS has indicators for the FOV and two crosshairs indicating TCS LOS relative own aircraft, GACH, and AN/AWG-9 radar LOS relative TCS LOS, RACH. Additionally, the track window is indicated by 4 small squares representing each corner of that window.<br />
<br />
The gimbal angle crosshairs or GACH, which is a solid cross, indicate deflection of the TCS LOS from the aircraft datum line, ADL. GACH crosshair in the center indicates TCS LOS along ADL and deflection towards the edges indicate deflection towards the gimbal limits with the video edges being maximum deflection.<br />
<br />
RACH or radar angle crosshairs, a dashed crosshair, indicate radar antenna LOS when inside the current TCS FOV. When the sensors slave to one another RACH and GACH will coincide creating a single solid crosshair.<br />
<br />
The track window indicates the area that the TCS contrast tracker is currently locked on to if it has acquired a target. When not in an active track these squares collapse into the center of the display being 2% of the screen width when in manual mode and 5% when in an auto mode.<br />
<br />
=LANTIRN Targeting Pod=<br />
----<br />
[[File:flir.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The F-14B can carry the AN/AAQ-14 Low Altitude Navigation and Targeting Infrared For Night (LANTIRN) targeting pod. This pod consists of a Forward-Looking Infrared (FLIR) camera (which also includes a digital charged coupled device camera) for target locating and observing, a Laser Target Designator/Ranger for firing a laser that both designates targets for laser-homing weapons and gathers ranging information for designating whatever the FLIR is pointed at as an air-to-ground, and a Laser Spot Tracker (LST) which can search for and track a laser, allowing for the FLIR to be cued onto an offboard (ground or air-designated) laser from another unit and then designate a Target off said point; this allows for most effective buddy-lasing. The targeting pod can be used in both air-to-ground and air-to-air functions, but the LTD/R and LST are only used for A/G operation.<br />
<br />
==Symbology==<br />
The following areas on the LANTIRN are to represent:<br />
# '''A/C Position Data:''' Displays aircraft LAT/LON, altitude, and groundspeed information.<br />
# '''LANTIRN Polarity:''' Displays white or hot background. AGC is for automatic gain control, MGC is for manual gain control.<br />
# '''LANTIRN Information:''' Gives general information on the pod. SR is for slant range, AZ/EL for azimuth/elevation of sight, and rest is UTC time.<br />
# '''LANTIRN Track Mode:''' Displays the current tracking mode. A/A is for air-to-air, A/G is for air-to-ground. Right side is for current selected weapon.<br />
# '''Track Data:''' Displays information of LAT/LON and altitude of where the sight is at.<br />
# '''Track:''' Displays the hairs for point and area track, and what the sight is directly pointed at.<br />
# '''Launch Envelopes:''' The top tape is for the heading relative of the aircraft to the track. The right side tape is for the release point.<br />
<br />
=TARPS Pod=<br />
----<br />
Not yet implemented.<br />
<br />
=Air-to-Air Radar=<br />
----<br />
==Detail Data Display==<br />
[[File:f14 ddd.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
Among the 3 digital displays, the Detail Data Display gives the RIO information about contacts from the AWG-9 radar in terms of range and radar mode, with respect to the notch filter.<br />
<br />
===Notch Filter===<br />
The AWG-9 radar in the F-14B Tomcat has a notch filter when using the pulse-doppler radar modes under certain conditions. These conditions include, but are not limited to:<br />
<br />
* ~100 knot difference of the aircraft relative to contact<br />
* Contact flying 90 degrees perpendicular CW/CCW to aircraft<br />
* Masking with ground terrain scan return<br />
<br />
<br />
There is a rough line shown in the radar modes, likewise of the jamming lobe, for when considering the notch filter that the contact will disappear from.<br />
<br />
==Tactical Information Display==<br />
[[File:f14 tid.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The Tactical Information Display (TID) gives the RIO of the F-14B the main information on the AWG-9 radar, including situational awareness, range, altitude, and contact heading.<br />
<br />
===Display Modes===<br />
The TID comes with a total of 8 display modes available, that can be toggled either on or off for purposes of gathering more information or decluttering:<br />
<br />
* '''RID DISABLE:''' ? needs more info. Not yet implemented.<br />
* '''ALT NUM:''' Displays the altitude of contact with a singular digit rounded to the nearest thousand.<br />
* '''SYM ELEM:''' Displays the symbology of contacts corresponding to HAFU.<br />
* '''DATA LINK:''' Displays contacts from the datalink frequency.<br />
* '''JAM STROBE:''' Displays the jamming strobes. Not yet implemented.<br />
* '''NON-ATTK:''' Displays determined (manual IFF or datalink) HAFU of friendly contacts.<br />
* '''VEL VECTOR:''' Displays the velocity vectors of contacts.<br />
* '''LAUNCH ZONE:''' Displays contact approximate missile launch zones.<br />
<br />
==AN/AWG-9 Radar==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat is equipped with the AN/AWG-9 all-weather and pulse-doppler radar. It is a very long-range radar used for the main purpose of intercept.<br />
<br />
===Radar Modes===<br />
The AWG-9 in the F-14B comes with 2 types of radar modes: doppler and pulse-doppler search. Of those two, subsets are able to be observed as 5 in this list:<br />
<br />
* '''PD SRCH:''' Pulse-Doppler Search mode. No bias factor of the radar, but impedes to pulse-doppler methods.<br />
* '''PD STT:''' Pulse-Doppler Single Target Track mode. By default upon acquiring a lock with the AWG-9, the radar will move to this function mode. It is currently suspectable to the notch filter.<br />
* '''RWS:''' Range While Search mode. The radar will prioritize the range of targets but not other factors. Falls under pulse-doppler.<br />
* '''TWS MAN:''' Track While Scan - Manual mode. The radar will prioritize the situational awareness of other targets but not give information on every target. The radar will also prioritize targets by threat importance.<br />
* '''TWS AUTO:''' Track While Scan - Auto mode. The radar will perform the same as TWS Man, but the elevation and azimuth controls will be automated in the process for an optimal scan.<br />
* '''PULSE SRCH:''' Pulse Search mode. No bias factor of the radar and can not be impeded to the notch filter, unlike the pulse-doppler method. The radar will, however, output a return of everything that is scanned and requires tuning.<br />
* '''PULSE STT:''' Pulse Single Target Track mode. Performing similarly to Pulse Search mode, this function mode applies to only a single target and is not suspectable to the notch filter.<br />
<br />
====Pulse-Doppler Search Mode====<br />
[[File:f14 pulsedoppler.png|thumb|350px]]<br />
The pulse-doppler search mode is used mainly as a kind of early warning mode. It is the search mode with the greatest detection range but it can display no range to the RIO, only closure rate. For this reason, the TID can display no track information.<br />
<br />
====Pulse-Doppler STT Mode====<br />
[[File:f14 pdstt.png|thumb|350px]]<br />
The pulse-doppler STT works and looks much like the pulse STT mode. It does, however, have the same advantages and disadvantages compared to pulse STT as the other pulse-doppler modes compared to the pulse modes. This means that while much better at tracking a target close to the ground it is however vulnerable to notching.<br />
<br />
The DDD display for pulse-doppler STT looks like pulse STT display except that the target return and antenna azimuth display are moved to the left side of the screen and a generated synthetic target marker is displayed at the correct azimuth instead. This is so that the targets range can be displayed by the synthetic target, unlike the other pulse-doppler modes which only shows closure rate. The other symbology on the DDD in this mode are the same as in pulse STT.<br />
<br />
====Range While Search Mode====<br />
In range while search, a frequency measuring ranging mode is added (FM ranging) to allow the radar to measure the range of tracked targets in addition to closure rate. This additional processing does, however, mean that the effective range of the radar is somewhat lesser. The display on the DDD is the same as in pulse-doppler search, the TID however also shows tracks in this mode showing the targets as tracks momentarily as they’re scanned and displaying their position and altitude. <br />
<br />
The targets are shown for a maximum of two seconds or until the antenna again scans the same bar at the same azimuth at which time it is removed unless detected again. The maximum number of concurrently shown tracks are 48.<br />
<br />
====TWS Manual Mode====<br />
The track, while scan mode uses the same FM ranging as RWS with the same reduction in range compared to pulse-doppler search and the DDD display, is also the same. The main difference that the computer establishes track files and tracks up to 24 targets concurrently of which 18 can be shown on the TID at any given time.<br />
<br />
As the computer routine calculating these tracks need a set track refresh time of 2 seconds this limits available azimuth scan area and bar settings to either 20° 4 bars or 40° 2 bars. When entering TWS the computer automatically selects the ±20° 4 bar scan disregarding the RIO set scan volumes unless those are set to ±40° 2 bars in which case that is used instead.<br />
<br />
The TWS mode is also the only mode enabling guidance of the AIM-54 at multiple targets (up to six), and as soon as engageable targets are detected the computer starts assigning them a missile priority number according to optimal missile firing sequence.<br />
<br />
====TWS Auto Mode====<br />
Performing similarly to TWS Man mode, what differs between the two is that in TWS auto the computer takes control of used scan volume and scan pattern azimuth and elevation as soon as target tracks are present. The WCS computer automatically tries to optimize the scan volume and direction so that tracking of the prioritized targets is maximized. If not selected before launch the WCS overrides as soon as the first AIM-54 is launched and selects TWS Auto.<br />
<br />
====Pulse Search Mode====<br />
[[File:f14 pulse.png|thumb|350px]]<br />
Pulse search is used to search for and find airborne targets at range. It is possible to use this radar mode as a basic ground mapper as well which can be useful for navigation and navigational fixes and can also be used in a pinch to detect larger surface targets like ships. Keep in mind though that the radar is not built with this as its main function and that a real air-to-ground radar will outperform it handily.<br />
<br />
In this mode, the radar cannot by itself differentiate targets and generate tracks meaning that the WCS will not generate track files and display anything on the TID. This also means that pulse search is not capable of guiding missiles.<br />
<br />
====Pulse STT Mode====<br />
[[File:f14 pstt.png|thumb|350px]]<br />
Pulse STT is used to track a single target, like pulse search mode it is not susceptible to notching but it is to ground clutter. The fact that the STT modes use gates to track the target, in this case, range gates, means that it is less susceptible to ground clutter but a target close enough to the ground that the ground return enters the range gates would be likely to shake the lock.<br />
<br />
As it is only in the pulse-doppler modes that the missile guidance commands can be sent pulse STT is limited to launching AIM-7s in CW mode and AIM-54s in an active launch mode limiting their ranges. At short ranges, ACM ranges, it is possible to use the ASPECT switch to set what aspect of the target to track, this is just to counter different types of countermeasures. As an example, if set to NOSE the radar will be less susceptible to chaff as the radar weights its track towards the targets leading-edge (nose) away from the chaff being launched behind the target.<br />
<br />
A successful track is indicated by the ANT TRK and RDROT indicator lights on the DDD, meaning that the antenna is tracking the target and that the target is within the range gates. If the target is jamming with sufficient strength, negating a range track, the radar will transition to a jam angle track instead, indicated by the JAT indicator light on the DDD illuminating instead of the RDROT. When range tracking is again possible at closer ranges the radar will transition to that instead.<br />
<br />
The DDD in this mode will be similar to the pulse search mode but the antenna will be locked onto the target and not scan. Additionally, the DDD will show the range gates around the target, a closing rate symbol at the right scale and applicable attack symbology if a valid missile is selected.<br />
<br />
===Anti-Jamming Modes===<br />
Not yet implemented.<br />
<br />
===AN/APX-76 IFF Interrogator===<br />
The AN/APX-76 IFF (Identification Friend or Foe) interrogator is integrated into the AN/AWG-9 operation. Then interrogator antenna itself is located on the AN/AWG-9 antenna gimbal platform. An IFF system works by sending out an interrogation pulse and then listening for returns from cooperating transponders. In addition to the unencrypted civilian mode the AN/APX-76 is capable of interrogating in the encrypted military mode 4. This ensures that targets replying to mode 4 interrogations are indeed friendly. The AN/APX-76 can be used both in search radar modes and in STT radar modes. To enable interrogation the IFF switch is depressed on the Detail Data Display Panel which then activates the interrogator for as long as the button is held up to 10 seconds max.<br />
<br />
When enabled IFF received IFF returns are then overlaid on the normal AN/AWG-9 radar returns on the DDD. A friendly target will be indicated with two bars, one above and one below the normal radar return. As the AN/APX-76 is a separate radar, secondary mode, radar apart from the AWG-9 the IFF can sometimes also detect targets not detected by the AWG-9. In this case the IFF return will not have a radar echo inside it. In the search mode this is overlaid over each target replying and in STT over the STT target. Additionally, if the STT target is hooked on the TID the DDD will switch from normal range display to a ±10 NM display to enable display of multiple returns in case of closely grouped targets.<br />
<br />
==HAFU/Datalink==<br />
[[File:HAFU.png|right|80px]]<br />
Hostile, Ambiguous, Friendly or Unknown (HAFU) is a symbology system used by the F/A-18 to represent trackfiles; specifically, to show its status as a friendly or hostile. It is usually what trackfiles are displayed as across the software.<br />
<br />
There are four HAFU symbols:<br />
*'''Triangle:''' Hostile (red when colored)<br />
*'''Thick Staple:''' Ambiguous (yellow when colored)<br />
*'''Half-Circle:''' Friendly (green when colored)<br />
*'''Thin Staple:''' Unknown (yellow when colored)<br />
<br />
<br />
All types except ambiguous can be manually assigned via the [[#SA Format|Situational Awareness]] format. Tracks will also be automatically identified as explained below.<br />
<br />
A hostile HAFU will be assigned whenever:<br />
* A negative IFF response is returned, and<br />
** An NCTR print returns with an aircraft type that is on the hostile coalition; or<br />
** A SURV (surveillance, like an AWACS) source over datalink also marks it hostile; or<br />
** A F/F (fighter-fighter, like another F/A-18) source over datalink also marks it hostile.<br />
<br />
<br />
An ambiguous HAFU will be assigned when the aircraft and a donor have conflicting identifications (friendly and hostile).<br />
<br />
A friendly HAFU will be assigned whenever an IFF interrogation returns as friendly or the track itself is contributed to by the Precise Participant Location and Identification (PPLI) system.<br />
<br />
An unknown HAFU will be assigned by default until it is updated by meeting one of the requirements above.<br />
<br />
=Air-to-Air Weapons=<br />
----<br />
This area will cover over all the different air-to-air weapons brought with the F-14B Tomcat.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Air Gun==<br />
[[File:f14 gun aa.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
''Using Real-Time mode.''<br />
<br />
The F-14 Tomcat is outfitted with the M61A1 Vulcan 6-barreled Gatling cannon, being able to hold up a maximum of 675 rounds internally.<br />
<br />
===Gun Rates===<br />
The cannon offers 2 modes of combat in the F-14B: <br />
<br />
* '''LOW:''' mode which slows down the muzzle rate, used for Air-to-Ground.<br />
* '''HIGH:''' mode which is to be used for Basic Fighter Maneuvering. (BFM)<br />
<br />
===Gun Modes===<br />
The cannon for Air-to-Air mode is able to be placed into 2 following positions:<br />
<br />
* '''Manual:''' this mode is able to be selected by depressing the CAGE/SEAM button, which will then only display the pipper and ammo count.<br />
* '''Real-Time:''' this mode is the regular, default mode. Along with a radar lock, the pipper will calculate to be accurate when directed to the diamond contact box. This will also give a closure rate towards the contact and the range relative to the aircraft.<br />
<br />
===Symbology===<br />
<br />
The symbology for the cannon is displayed on the HUD with the weapon master selector in the GUN position, and display in A/A. By default, the gun rounds indicator will be displayed as 0 for rounds per 100. Located next to the display panel to the right is the gun ammo counter. Additionally, the gunsight elevation is also able to be adjusted underneath the steer commands on the display panel.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Air Missiles==<br />
===AIM-54 Phoenix===<br />
The AIM-54 is a long-range, semi-active radar missile for Air-to-Air use. The F-14 was the only aircraft to carry it in service, and was used to take down Soviet bombers. However, it is able to be used on fighters as well. The AIM-54 comes with a proximity fuse and missile gate suite for non-direct contact explosions and radar tracking methods. <br />
<br />
Upon the launch of the missile, active input from the AN/AWG-9 radar is used to guide itself towards the contact. When reaching pitbull range (~20 nmi.) the missile will then use the radar in itself and steer until impact. <br />
<br />
The time until impact will be calculated during the whole flight of the missile after the launch sequence on the TID as a seconds counter next to the contact.<br />
<br />
====AIM-54A Mk.60====<br />
The A variant Mk.60 is a specific version of the AIM-54 Phoenix which utilizes burn time and speed over agility and smoke. The Mk.60 is able to be fired from at most ~100 nmi. under optimal conditions, factoring altitude, kinetic airspeed, contact airspeed and altitude. The recommended firing distance of the variant, however, is ~45 nmi.<br />
<br />
====AIM-54C Mk.47====<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
===AIM-7 Sparrow===<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
===AIM-9 Sidewinder===<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
=Air-to-Ground Weapons=<br />
----<br />
The F-14B Tomcat comes with a variety of air-to-ground weapons after the upgrade to the Bombcat.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Ground Gun==<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Ground Bombs==<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
===Mk-20/81/82/83/84 GPB===<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
===GBU-12/14/16 LGB===<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
===BDU-33 Training Bomb===<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
===ADM-141 TALD===<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Ground Rockets==<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
=Resources=<br />
----<br />
==Manuals & Documents==<br />
* [https://info.publicintelligence.net/F14AAP-1B.pdf F-14B NATOPS Pocket Checklist]<br />
* [http://www.heatblur.se/F-14Manual/ Heatblur F-14 Manual]<br />
<br />
==Heatblur's Videos==<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q1o7E9pb95Y Episode 1: Overview]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OO3IdQjAdDA Episode 2: Pilot's Cockpit Walkaround]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ws1GxPG2ZXw Episode 3: Cold And Dark (Full Startup)]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kgpGO7fj4oU Episode 4: The RIO's Office]<br />
<br />
==Jabbers' Tutorial Videos==<br />
(They're good!)<br />
<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2qwlJs__iYk Pilot - Startup/Taxi/Takeoff with JESTER AI]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b5opjCygZug Pilot - Maneuvering and Flight Characteristics]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f4y2oZ-7rM8 Pilot - Air-to-Air Refueling]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ujk4hL_EnUc Pilot - ACM - Radar Acquisition Modes]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wftck0C3fJ8 Pilot - Weapons - Zuni Rockets with JESTER AI]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4m-Q02gxFEA Pilot - Weapons - AIM-9 Sidewinder]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SWeHtpJ00JI RIO - Startup]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r4-Dd4ss2Rc RIO - AWG-9 Radar]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YG7sWweg2RQ RIO - IFF Interrogation]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2q-bHFyTEr8 Overview - AIM-54C Mk.47 Phoenix - Tacview Debrief]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PyAQpqVhtBY Overview - AIM-54A Mk.60 Phoenix - Tacview Debrief]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4groy-_Bxfk Quick Tips - AIM-54 Phoenix]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Is3AtOX-abw Quick Tips - Bombing]</div>Siriushttps://wiki.hoggitworld.com/index.php?title=F-14A/B&diff=10600F-14A/B2019-09-06T11:08:49Z<p>Sirius: /* AIM-54 Phoenix */</p>
<hr />
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<br />
''Credits to Jak for having the [[F/A-18C]] page serve as a guide and filler content on related systems.''<br />
<br />
The Grumman '''F-14A/B''' Tomcat is a two-seat, twin-engine supersonic variable wing-sweep fighter aircraft. The F-14 was the first US fighter jet with twin tails and was the largest & heaviest US fighter to ever fly from an aircraft carrier. The reason that the F-14 was so incredibly large and heavy was that it carried the large AWG-9 radar and accompanying AIM-54 Phoenix (air-to-air) missiles: this very capable combination allowed the F-14 to make shots of up to 200 nautical miles at the bad guys. Also, being big means you can carry a lot of fuel!<br />
<br />
Of course, the practical range of the AWG-9 is rather more limited, especially if you are shooting at more maneuverable fighter-sized targets, but even at these closer ranges, the AIM-54 Phoenix is still a capable missile that should not be underestimated. The F-14 is also capable of carrying an array of air-to-ground weapons, such as dumb bombs in both high and low drag forms, air-to-ground Zuni rockets and even laser-guided bombs, which can be self-designated using the LANTIRN targeting pod on the F-14.<br />
<br />
Most people will recognize and adore the F-14 because of its stardom presence in that one weird volleyball movie from the '80s. Its on-screen presence in movies will make the F-14 to appear docile and easy to fly, but due to lack of a fly-by-wire the F-14 can be a real handful: it being a pilot's aircraft however makes it fun to fly and learn. The analogous nature of the F-14 (comparable to the F-5E II Tigershark) will give you a good knowledge of the airplane over time but requires a bit of a different mindset that the computerized flight of the F/A-18C and the F-15.<br />
<br />
__TOC__<br />
<br />
=Weapons List=<br />
----<br />
==Implemented==<br />
Partially or fully implemented weapons of the F14/A/B Tomcat:<br />
* M61 Vulcan Six-Barreled Gatling Gun<br />
* AIM-7M/F Sparrow<br />
* CAP/AIM-9M Sidewinder<br />
* AIM-54A Phoenix Mk. 60<br />
* AIM-54C Phoenix Mk. 47<br />
* Mk-81, 82, 83, and 84 <br />
* GBU-10, 12, 16, and 24 <br />
* MK-20 Rockeye<br />
* Zuni Rockets<br />
* BDU-33 Practice Bombs<br />
* ADM-141 TALD<br />
* LUU-2 Parachute Flare<br />
* Smokewinder<br />
* LANTIRN Pod<br />
* FPU-1 Fuel Tank<br />
<br />
==Planned==<br />
Weapons not yet implemented into the Tomcat:<br />
* TARPS Pod<br />
<br />
=Hands On Throttle And Stick (HOTAS)=<br />
----<br />
==Throttle==<br />
[[File:throttle.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The throttle of the F-14 Tomcat consists of 2 quadrants, both for the left and right engines. There is an afterburner detent along with a cutoff detent for maximum throttle and shutdown of the engine for each quadrant.<br />
<br />
The throttle has the following controls:<br />
# '''Speed Brake Switch:''' 2-position switch. "EXT" is a momentary and needed input position that extends the speed brake outward depending on the aircraft speed.<br />
# '''Wing Sweep Switch:''' 4-way hat switch. "AUTO" sets the wing to sweep automatically determined by an onboard computer, "BOMB" sets the wing to sweep in an angled position between fully extended and retracted and dependent on speed for the air-to-ground bombing.<br />
# '''PLM Button:''' multifunction button. When the steering command is in A2A mode, this acts as a pilot lock-on tool for the AWG-9 radar. But when used for landing and/or in the LDG steering command mode, this allows for disengagement of the ACLS.<br />
# '''CAGE/SEAM Button:''' multifunction button. When the steering command is in A2A mode, this allows for CAGE/SEAM lock-on of the AIM-9 Sidewinder. But when used for landing and/or in the LDG steering command mode, this allows for disengagement of the APC.<br />
# '''Exterior Light Switch:''' 2-position switch. Used to toggle the exterior lights of the aircraft.<br />
# '''ICS PTT Switch:''' 2-position switch. Acts as a push-to-talk system for the ICS system inside of the aircraft used between the Pilot and RIO. (or JESTER AI)<br />
<br />
==Control Stick==<br />
[[File:stick.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The control stick is located in the center of the cockpit, mounted onto the floor. Left and right movements of the control stick direct hydraulic movement to the spoilers and horizontal stabilizers of the aircraft. Forward and backward movement result to respectively the same but to the horizontal stabilizers.<br />
<br />
The control stick has the following controls:<br />
# '''Bomb Release Button:''' single-purpose button. When pressed in A2G steering command mode, all pylons selected with bombs will release respective of the ripple settings, type, and interval.<br />
# '''Trim Hat:''' 4-way hat switch. Upward movement moves the aircraft downward, and downward movement moves the aircraft upward. Both left and right movements follow to their directions according to their name.<br />
# '''Weapon Select Hat:''' 4-way hat switch. Bottom selection is OFF, and a ridge requires a momentary push action to move in/out of to GUN. Following all to the top are SW, then SP/PH which requires a momentary push action to switch between.<br />
# '''DLC & Maneuver Flap Command Wheel:''' scrollable dial. Moving it with the landing gears fully deployed acts as a variable control for spoiler extension. With the landing gears up, the dial also acts the same but for flaps and slats.<br />
# '''DLC Engage/Disengage & CMS Dispense Button:''' multifunction button. When pressed with the landing gears fully deployed, this controls the engagement and disengagement of the DLC system. But with the landing gears fully retracted, this allows for pilot control of the CMS system.<br />
# '''Autopilot Reference & NWS Button:''' multifunction button. When the aircraft is up in the air, this controls specific autopilot settings. But when the aircraft is on the ground, this controls the activation of the nosewheel steering system.<br />
# '''Autopilot Emergency Disengage Paddle:''' multifunction button. Disengages all autopilot modes and DLC and releases all autopilot switches and roll and pitch SAS switches to OFF position.<br />
# '''Weapon Firing Trigger:''' two-stage trigger switch. The first detent enables CTVS and gun camera. Second detent releases selected forwards firing the weapon.<br />
<br />
=Flight Controls & Landing Gear=<br />
----<br />
==Flight Controls==<br />
[[File:Wheels-flaps.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The F-14B has a large hydraulic system which covers for all of the control surfaces of the aircraft. Without the hydraulic system, or taking damage the controls are in risk of improperly working. The F-14 Tomcat was the last of its generation to have no integration of an FBW or FCS system, which was introduced with the F-15 Eagle.<br />
<br />
The F-14's primary flight controls are:<br />
* '''Left Spoilers (LES):''' A set of spoilers that lie within the left wing of the aircraft that help with aileron movement and control that react opposite of the intended direction.<br />
* '''Right Spoilers (RES):''' A set of spoilers that lie within the right wing of the aircraft that help with aileron movement and control that react opposite of the intended direction.<br />
* '''Tailerons (TAIL):''' Two horizontal stabilizers located on the rear end of the aircraft that control both pitch and aileron movement.<br />
* '''Leading Edge Flaps (LEF):''' Normal slats located on the leading (front) edge of the wings to add lift.<br />
* '''Trailing Edge Flaps (TEF):''' Normal flaps located on the trailing (back) edge of the wings to add lift.<br />
<br />
<br />
The control stick controls the stabilators, ailerons, and rudder and the rudder pedals control the rudder.<br />
<br />
===Flaps System===<br />
The aircraft's flap system provides more lift (and as a byproduct, drag). The flaps lever has two positions:<br />
* '''NONE:''' This applies no flap whatsoever to the wings of the aircraft.<br />
* '''FULL:''' This applies full movement of flaps to the wings of the aircraft.<br />
<br />
<br />
The flaps lever allows for variable movement, which gives the pilot the ability to control the amount of flap they wish for.<br />
<br />
===Speed Brake===<br />
The speed brake is a flap located on the end of the aircraft designed to provide drag to decelerate faster. It is activated via the speed brake switch on the throttle. The two positions are:<br />
* '''EXT:''' When the switch is moved aft, this extends the speed brake of the aircraft out depending on the airspeed.<br />
* '''RET:''' When the switch is moved forward, this retracts the speed brake.<br />
<br />
===Trim===<br />
The tailerons are capable of being trimmed to make roll and pitch corrections. This is accomplished with the trim hat on the controls stick. When the autopilot system is engaged, the onboard computer will attempt to make active trim movements in order to keep the aircraft within the specified attitude when set, along of the setting parameters. As speed is either gained or lost, the trim will actively move the stick as well along of the tailerons to adapt.<br />
<br />
===Wing Sweep===<br />
The wings of the aircraft are a variable-sweep design allowing for automatic or manual movements from pilot input on the right throttle quadrant. Similar to wing fold, the wings are able to be overswept from its maximum position through a master reset of the system in order to allow tighter space and closer parking on the carrier deck.<br />
<br />
==Landing Gear==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat has 3 retractable landing gears: the nose gear, the left gear, and the right gear. The gear is moved via the gear lever on the left side of the cockpit. In the up position, the gear will retract. In the down position, the gear will extend. The gear lever cannot be put up with weight on wheels. The gear will not retract with the launch bar extended.<br />
<br />
===Nosewheel Steering===<br />
The nose gear features nosewheel steering (NWS) controlled by the rudder pedals. With the weight off of the wheels, it is disengaged. It automatically engages upon there being the weight on wheels. NWS is disengaged manually via the button on the stick.<br />
<br />
===Launch Bar===<br />
On the front nosegear is a launch bar that attaches the airplane to a catapult from launches from an aircraft carrier. Its deployment is pilot-controlled, but it is connected to the catapult by the ground crew (DCS default binding is U).<br />
<br />
It is controlled via the launch bar switch on the left upper console. When the switch in the RETRACT position, the launch bar will retract, but physically cannot do so when connected to the catapult. The switch will move to the RETRACT position automatically when there is a weight off wheels. In the EXTEND position, the launch bar will extend if there is the weight on wheels.<br />
<br />
=Autopilot and Autothrottle=<br />
----<br />
The F-14 Tomcat has the ability to automate certain types of flight via its Automatic Flight Control System (AFCS) and Automatic Throttle Control (ATC). The AFCS, or simply the autopilot, control the flight surfaces and the ATC controls the throttles.<br />
<br />
==AFCS==<br />
[[File:afcs.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The Automatic Flight Control System (AFCS), or just the "autopilot", controls the aircraft's flight controls to automate maneuvering. It is interfaced on the autopilot panel via the A/P engage switch. On the autopilot panel, there are 7 modes able to be toggled:<br />
# '''Pitch Stabilizer Augmentation:''' 2-position switch. This switch controls the ability for the pitch to be augmented for dampening.<br />
# '''Roll Stabilizer Augmentation:''' 2-position switch. This switch controls the ability for the roll to be augmented for dampening.<br />
# '''Yaw Stabilizer Augmentation:''' 2-position switch. This switch controls the ability for the yaw to be augmented for dampening.<br />
# '''VEC/PCD/ACL Switch:''' 3-position switch. This switch controls the remote control modes of autopilot with the steering bars and ACLS.<br />
# '''ALT Switch:''' 2-position switch.' This switch controls the ability to maintain the current altitude when autopilot is engaged.<br />
# '''HDG/GT Switch:''' 3-position switch. This switch controls the ability to maintain the current heading when autopilot is engaged.<br />
# '''ENGAGE Switch:''' 2-position switch. This switch engages and disengages the autopilot.<br />
<br />
==ATC==<br />
The automatic throttle control (ATC), or just "autothrottle", controls the physical throttles and thereby automated thrust control. ATC is toggled via ATC engage/disengage switch next to the throttle. When the ATC is engaged, the physical means of the throttle quadrants will begin to move on their own. However, whenever the pilot makes any new movement to the throttle whatsoever, the ATC will disengage to allow pilot control over both of the engines. The ATC is primarily used for landing on a carrier along of the ACLS system.<br />
<br />
=Digital Systems Overview=<br />
----<br />
[[File:displays.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
==Pilot==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat comes with 2 digital display screens in the Pilot cockpit:<br />
* '''Vertical Display Indicator (VDI):''' a multifunction display that allows for the pilot to see their HUD in a form of a repeater, and the [[#Television Camera Set|TCS]].<br />
* '''Horizontal Situation Display Indicator (HSD):''' a multifunction display that allows for the pilot to see their virtual compass for navigation modes, and the [[#AWG-9 Pulse-Doppler Radar|AWG-9 Radar]] from the RIO TID as a repeater.<br />
<br />
===Heads Up Display===<br />
The head-up display (HUD) is a projected display at the front of the cockpit that serves as the primary flight instrument. It also provides various indications for weapon delivery; this section will cover the HUD's indications in NAV master mode. Master mode/weapon-specific indications on the HUD will be covered in the relevant section.<br />
<br />
====Reject Modes====<br />
Via the switches next to the TO button on the displays panel, you are able to "declutter" or remove information off of the HUD.<br />
<br />
==Radar Intercept Officer==<br />
The Radar Intercept Officer (RIO) comes with 3 digital display screens in the RIO cockpit:<br />
* '''Detail Data Display (DDD):''' a dual-purpose display that allows for the RIO to see contacts on the [[#AWG-9 Pulse-Doppler Radar|radar]], based on the range and radar mode.<br />
* '''Tactical Information Display (TID):''' a multi-purpose display that allows for the RIO to see their [[#AWG-9 Pulse-Doppler Radar|AWG-9]] situational awareness, [[#Television Camera Set|TCS]], [[#TARPS Pod|TARPS]] and [[#LANTIRN Targeting Pod|LANTIRN]] pods.<br />
* '''Horizontal Situation Display Indicator (HSD):''' a multi-purpose display as to the one in the pilot cockpit.<br />
<br />
==Master Modes==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat has 5 primarily modes for information displayed. The 5 master modes are:<br />
* '''TO:''' switch. Displays takeoff information on HUD and VDI for degrees.<br />
* '''CRUISE:''' single-purpose button. Displays in-air flight information on HUD and VDI for degrees.<br />
* '''A/A:''' single-purpose button. Displays air-to-air information on HUD and VDI for degrees; and weapon employment.<br />
* '''A/G:''' single-purpose button. Displays air-to-ground information on HUD and VDI for degrees; and weapon employment.<br />
* '''LDG:''' single-purpose button. Displays landing information on HUD and VDI for degrees.<br />
<br />
<br />
Additionally, the F-14 Tomcat has an Air Combat Maneuver (ACM) panel which controls all air-to-air and air-to-ground aspects for armament.<br />
<br />
=Navigation=<br />
----<br />
The F-14 Tomcat has an inertial navigation system (INS) that allows the pilot to navigate by internal gyros aligned. However, due to the fault of having no GPS assistance, these gyros slowly drift over time and cause misalignment for visual information.<br />
<br />
==HSD==<br />
[[File:Hsd.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The Horizontal Situation Display Indicator (HSD) is the primary interface with the airplane's navigation systems. The HSI can be accessed from the bottom display screen. The basic function of the HSI is a rotating compass with a looking-from-above perspective. The controls for this screen are:<br />
# '''BRT Control:''' dial. Controls the brightness of the HSD screen.<br />
# '''HDG Control:''' dial. Controls the heading reference in TACAN mode.<br />
# '''CRS Control:''' dial. Controls the course heading reference in MAN and TACAN modes.<br />
# '''Test Button:''' single-purpose button. Resets the HSD screen if overload protection activates.<br />
# '''BIT Indicator:''' light. Shows a white light if a failure produces in the HSD.<br />
<br />
=== Steering Commands ===<br />
The HSD comes with a set of 5 different steering commands, which each have their own purpose towards displaying certain information:<br />
* '''TACAN:''' single-purpose button. Displays information based off of a radio beacon with range and direction.<br />
* '''DEST:''' single-purpose button. Displays information off of a selected waypoint from the RIO with range and direction.<br />
* '''AWL/PCD:''' single-purpose button. Displays information off of an ICLS frequency with azimuth and elevation bars (on VDI and HUD)<br />
* '''VEC:''' single-purpose button. ? (needs more info.)<br />
* '''MAN:''' single-purpose button. Displays information off of an entered heading (HDG Control) with direction.<br />
<br />
==Waypoints==<br />
The F-14B comes with an onboard flight computer system that handles waypoint navigation during in-air flight. The navigation system in the F-14B Tomcat gives a variety of waypoint holders, along with information for a set home plate.<br />
<br />
===Pilot===<br />
For the F-14B pilot, the waypoint information is able to be accessed by the DEST steering command and by using the NAV HSD display mode.<br />
<br />
===Radar Intercept Officer===<br />
For the F-14B Radar Intercept Officer, (RIO) the waypoints must be manually assigned by the RIO through the Computer Address Panel (CAP) system under the TAC DATA category. Once done, the waypoint must be selected through the CAP and entered in with coordinates similar to how INS alignment procedures are done.<br />
<br />
==TACAN==<br />
Tactical Air Navigation (TACAN) is a military radio navigation system. A TACAN beacon allows for an aircraft to determine its bearing and range from it, and using this information can navigate. TACAN's may be ground-based or be broadcasted by an airplane. TACAN channels have two bands, X and Y, and range from 1-126. 2 TACAN channels may be set present in the aircraft by both the Pilot and RIO for simultaneous use.<br />
<br />
The TACAN setting knobs give a range of these options:<br />
*'''T/R:''' Transmit and receive. Gets bearing and range from the TACAN.<br />
*'''RCV:''' Receive. Gets bearing from the TACAN.<br />
*'''A/A:''' Air-to-air TACAN mode.<br />
*'''X:''' Tunes the selected frequency on the X band.<br />
*'''Y:''' Tunes the selected frequency on the Y band.<br />
<br />
==ICLS==<br />
For night and low visibility operations, aircraft carriers have an Instrument Carrier Landing System (ICLS) to allow for instrument approaches to the carrier. ICLS provides horizontal and vertical guidance. The F-14 is equipped with ICLS.<br />
<br />
To activate the airplane's ICLS antenna, an ICLS dial is present to the right of the warning lights advisory panel, with an ARA on/off switch, used to toggle power to the system.<br />
<br />
When ILS is selected on the HSI, two bars, one horizontal and one vertical, appear near the velocity vector on the HUD. These indicate a vertical and horizontal deviation from the optimal glideslope (3°) and course to the deck. When they are both aligned with the velocity vector (making a "+"), the aircraft is on course.<br />
<br />
==ACLS==<br />
For CAT III conditions and poor visibility, the F-14 is equipped with the Automatic Carrier Landing System (ACLS) to allow an automatic flight to the carrier via. a radio-guided input from a Landing Signal Officer. (LSO) The auto-throttle and autopilot systems must be engaged and present during the time of activation with this system, along with lights given to the left of the VDI display.<br />
<br />
Datalink is required between the aircraft and the carrier in order for ACLS to work. When the best position of the azimuth and glideslope bars are within parameters, the nosewheel steering button is pressed in order to engage guidance.<br />
<br />
==Navigation Failures==<br />
The F-14B has a variety of navigation failures that may/can occur, including methods to fix them.<br />
<br />
===Navigation Fix Update===<br />
An error of latitude or longitude in the computer position of the aircraft can be corrected by a navigation fix update. Updating is especially important in the backup modes (AHRS AM and IMU/ AM) because of the estimated winds and magnetic variation changes. A nav fix is done via a ground-reference-point (latitude and longitude) position. The range and bearing of this position to the present aircraft position are used to update or correct existing values. The nav system may be updated by either a radar fix, a TACAN fix, or a visual fix.<br />
<br />
Before performing a nav fix, the latitude and longitude of the desired update point (radar, TACAN, or visual) must be stored in one of eight navigation point locations (three WPs, FIX PT, HOME BASE, HOST AREA, DEF PT, and IP). This data can be stored prior to flight by data link or by manual insertion. Then follow these steps:<br />
<br />
# Hook the Waypoint you choose to select for the nav fix.<br />
# Check the stored latitude and longitude on the TID.<br />
# Rotate the CATEGORY switch to NAV and select the desired type of update.<br />
<br />
<br />
Note that updating the position while in INS, and to a lesser degree while in IMU, can introduce a greater navigational position error than already present, in particular, if radar fix is used to update the nav system. Updates with a visual or TACAN fix provide reasonable accuracy (assuming a good MAG VAR during TACAN updates). Updating your nav system via a nav fix should be primarily used in the AHRS mode.<br />
<br />
===Radar Fix Update===<br />
An RDR FIX may be selected before or after positioning the DDD cursors. If the RDR FIX button is depressed, the computer computes the present position of the aircraft by measuring the range and bearing from the selected point. The delta between the computer position and the position determined by the INS is then displayed on the TID. If the entry of this delta into the navigation computations is desired, press the FIX ENABLE button. If the delta does not appear to be correct, the computer and the readout can be cleared by pressing the RDR FIX button. The fix may then be attempted again. The RIO should also perform periodic checks of own aircraft system altitude and update the altitude if necessary.<br />
<br />
Radar updating is performed as follows:<br />
<br />
# TID CURSOR/CAP - Hook Desired Navigation Point for Update.<br />
# PULSE SRCH button - Depress.<br />
# On sensor control panel: STAB switch - IN. EL BARS switch - 1. AZ SCAN switch - As Desired.<br />
# RDR FIX button - Depress.<br />
# DDD CURSOR button - Depress.<br />
# Action switch - Half Action (first detent).<br />
# Cursor is displayed on DDD.<br />
# Manipulate hand control DDD cursor over desired ground map point.<br />
# Action switch - Full Action and Release. (This will cause the DDD cursor to remain at the selected position.<br />
# Observe the delta for LAT and LONG on TID.<br />
# If readouts are unsatisfactory, deselect RDR FIX and repeat steps 4 through 12.<br />
# FIX ENABLE button - Depress.<br />
<br />
===TACAN Update===<br />
To perform a nav fix by TACAN requires that a restored waypoint shares identical LAT and LONG values with the TACAN station that will be used for the fix. Select the TACAN channel for the desired station and verify by listening to the coded identifier tone in the headset.<br />
<br />
Press the TACAN FIX button to update the aircraft position from a TACAN station. The WCS computer then calculates the own aircraft position error based on the range and bearing from the TACAN station. The delta is then entered in the same manner as with a radar fix.<br />
<br />
Perform a TACAN fix following these steps:<br />
<br />
# Select a TACAN channel whose latitude and longitude correspond to an update point.<br />
# Hook desired update point (WAYPT 1, FIX PT, HOME BASE, etc.).<br />
# CATEGORY switch - NAV.<br />
# TACAN FIX button - Depress.<br />
# Observe present position delta readout.<br />
# If delta is unsatisfactory, deselect TACAN FIX and repeat steps 2 through 7.<br />
# FIX ENABLE button - Depress.<br />
<br />
===Visual Update===<br />
To perform a visual fix, fly over a restored waypoint and press the VIS FIX button. Estimate your timing, because the aircraft nose and fuselage can obscure the fixed point during an overflight. It is also difficult to estimate when directly overhead a waypoint if the aircraft altitude is greater than 10.000 feet. The delta for the visual fix is displayed on the TID. Enter the delta by pressing FIX ENABLE.<br />
<br />
To perform a visual fix use the following steps:<br />
<br />
# Hook desired update point (WAY PT, HB, IP, etc.).<br />
# Select NAV category on CAP.<br />
# Overfly the selected restored point and when over the point, depress the VIS FIX button on the cap.<br />
# If the delta is not satisfactory, press VIS FIX again to clear the delta and repeat from step 1.<br />
# If a satisfactory delta is displayed, depress the FIX ENABLE button; this causes the delta correction of own-aircraft position to be inserted into the computer.<br />
<br />
===Datalink Update===<br />
To perform a data link update of the aircraft INS to the TDS frame of reference, the aircraft and TDS must share a prebriefed waypoint, identical in latitude and longitude. Enter this LAT/LONG data into the HOST AREA pseudo target file. The TDS will uplink the common reference point as a data link waypoint. When the aircraft and TDS INS systems agree, the data link waypoint and host area symbols will be superimposed on the TID. If they drift apart, the two pseudo targets on the TID will drift as well.<br />
<br />
To perform an update via data link, use the following steps:<br />
<br />
# Hook data link waypoint corresponding prebriefed reference point.<br />
# Select NAV category on CAP.<br />
# Overfly the hooked data link waypoint. When immediately over the point, press VIS FIX button on CAP.<br />
# Observe delta LAT and LONG on TID.<br />
# If deltas are satisfactory and update is desired, depress FIX ENABLE.<br />
# After a data link update, HOST AREA and data link waypoint should be superimposed on the TID again.<br />
<br />
===Fighter-to-Fighter Navigation Update===<br />
Net aircraft that use fighter-to-fighter data link can update their navigation system in the FF/DL mode. To update LAT/LONG hook the net aircraft symbol of an aircraft that is in close proximity and select F/F NAV UPDATE on the CAP. This will enter the hooked aircraft’s coordinates into the INS as own-aircraft coordinates. To update the nav system on an aircraft that is not close, first obtain a radar STT on that aircraft, hook the STT-ed aircraft on the TID and then press F/F NAV UPDATE on the CAP.<br />
<br />
=Defensive Systems=<br />
----<br />
The F-14B is equipped with various defensive systems: the AN/ALE-39 Countermeasure Dispensing System (CMDS), for the release of chaff and flares, the AN/ALQ-126 Deception ECM (DECM), for jamming enemy radar, and the AN/ALR-67 Radar Warning Reciever (RWR), for detection of enemy radar emitters and missile launches.<br />
<br />
==AN/ALR-67 RWR==<br />
[[File:alr-67.png|thumb|400px]]<br />
The AN/ALR-67 Radar Warning Receiver (RWR) provides the Hornet the ability to detect radars via the radio/microwave radiation they emit.<br />
<br />
===Audio Tones===<br />
Accompanying the RWR are various audio feedback tones:<br />
*'''Single Beep:''' A new ground- or sea-based emitter has been detected.<br />
*'''Double Beep:''' A new airborne emitter has been detected.<br />
*'''Repeating Beep:''' An emitter is tracking.<br />
*'''Faster Repeating Beep:''' An emitter is guiding a missile or is a missile.<br />
<br />
<br />
On the RWR gauge, the RWR knob will control the volume of the RWR tones.<br />
<br />
===Emitter Identifiers===<br />
''This list is, at present, not complete.''<br />
{|class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"<br />
!Type<br />
!RWR ID<br />
|-<br />
|U<br />
|Unknown<br />
|-<br />
|M<br />
|Active radar-homing missile<br />
|-<br />
|S<br />
|Search radar<br />
|-<br />
|3<br />
|SA-3 "Goa"<br />
|-<br />
|6<br />
|SA-6 "Gainful"<br />
|-<br />
|8<br />
|SA-8 "Gecko"<br />
|-<br />
|10<br />
|SA-10 "Grumble"<br />
|-<br />
|11<br />
|SA-11 "Gadfly"<br />
|-<br />
|11<br />
|F-111 Aardvark<br />
|-<br />
|12<br />
|SA-12 "Gladiator"<br />
|-<br />
|13<br />
|SA-13 "Gopher"<br />
|-<br />
|13<br />
|C-130 Hercules<br />
|-<br />
|14<br />
|F-14 Tomcat<br />
|-<br />
|15<br />
|F-15 Eagle<br />
|-<br />
|15 <br />
|SA-15 "Gauntlet"<br />
|-<br />
|16<br />
|F-16 Fighting Falcon<br />
|-<br />
|17<br />
|C-17 Globemaster III<br />
|-<br />
|18<br />
|F/A-18 Hornet<br />
|-<br />
|22<br />
|Tu-22 "Blinder"<br />
|-<br />
|23<br />
|MiG-23 "Flogger"<br />
|-<br />
|24<br />
|Su-24 "Fencer"<br />
|-<br />
|25<br />
|MiG-25 "Foxbat"<br />
|-<br />
|29<br />
|MiG-29 "Fulcrum"<br />
|-<br />
|29<br />
|Su-27 "Flanker"<br />
|-<br />
|29<br />
|Su-33 "Flanker-D"<br />
|-<br />
|30<br />
|Su-30 "Flanker-C"<br />
|-<br />
|31<br />
|MiG-31 "Foxhound"<br />
|-<br />
|34<br />
|Su-34 "Fullback"<br />
|-<br />
|39<br />
|Su-25M "Frogfoot"<br />
|-<br />
|40<br />
|''Spruance''-class destroyer<br />
|-<br />
|48<br />
|''Nimitz''-class carrier<br />
|-<br />
|49<br />
|''Oliver Hazard Perry''-class frigate<br />
|-<br />
|50<br />
|A-50 "Mainstay"<br />
|-<br />
|52<br />
|B-52 Stratofortress<br />
|-<br />
|76<br />
|IL-76 "Candid"<br />
|-<br />
|78<br />
|IL-78 "Midas"<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==AN/ALE-39 CMDS==<br />
[[File:f14 cms.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The AN/ALE-39 is the countermeasures dispensing set installed in the F-14B in this simulation. It controls its own set of launchers located between the engine nozzles on the underside of the so-called beaver-tail. The launchers each have two sections, one containing 10 cartridges and the other 20. They are referred to the left and right dispensers even though the left is really the front one and the right the back one with both being mounted inline on the left side of the tailhook. This is a remnant from the earliest model F-14s carrying the AN/ALE-29.<br />
<br />
This all sums up to a capacity of 60 cartridges in the system with each section necessarily holding one type of cartridges meaning that any combination of cartridges is possible as long as each type’s quantity is a multiple of 10. The system itself has no real knowledge of what is loaded where so incorrectly programming the system can lead to the wrong type of cartridge being ejected.<br />
<br />
===Cockpit Controls===<br />
The system itself can be operated manually from the control panel in the RIO pit or the DLC thumbwheel on the pilot stick when the flaps lever is in the up position. It is also capable of running programmed sequences of ejection which in turn can be initiated manually by the RIO from the control panel or the direction hats mounted on the handhold over the DDD. In addition, the AN/ALR-67 can also initiate the chaff ejection program if set up correctly on the AN/ALE-39 control panel.<br />
<br />
==AN/ALQ-126 DECM==<br />
The AN/ALQ-126 deception jammer is designed to detect radar threats, analyze them, select the optimum countermeasure technique available and apply it. Available techniques for jamming are amongst others, main lobe blanking, inverse con-scan, range-gate pull-off and swept square modes. In DCS this is modeled as a simple noise jammer due to engine limitations but controlled by the DECM logic as to when it’s on or off.<br />
<br />
===Cockpit Controls===<br />
The controls for the AN/ALQ-126 DECM are all located on the right horizontal panel in the RIO pit, the panel as the image above. In addition, there are two indication lights co-located with the RWR threat indicators on the right side of the TID. The mode selector knob controls power and operational mode that the system is in. The modes for the DECM are as follows:<br />
<br />
* '''OFF:''' turns off power to the system. STBY begins pre-warming of the system, taking in all-around 5 minutes.<br />
* '''TEST HOLD 3 SEC:''' is used to prepare the system for BIT, after 3 seconds in this mode, turn the knob to TEST - ACT.<br />
* '''TEST ACT:''' starts the BIT in the system. The BIT takes approximately 30 seconds and the RCV light will be illuminated the whole time while the XMIT light will flash twice. If the STANDBY light illuminates it indicates that a no-go condition exists in the system.<br />
* '''REC:''' enables the system to receive the only mode, enabling analyzation of threats and also the threat audio.<br />
* '''RPT:''' enables full system functionality, in addition to REC it also now tries to jam threats according to the selected method.<br />
<br />
=Television Camera Set=<br />
----<br />
[[File:tcs_symbology.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The F-14B is outfitted with the ALQ-100 Television Camera Set (TCS) pod, used for visually identifying aircraft during the time of which IFF was not a trusted/more inferior method to confirming hostile aircraft and to keep track of their position, as well as their living status.<br />
<br />
==Symbology==<br />
On the TID, in non-TV mode, a TCS track is indicated by a 1.5” strobe at TCS LOS azimuth with a hollow circle at the end.<br />
<br />
The symbology on the video feed from the TCS has indicators for the FOV and two crosshairs indicating TCS LOS relative own aircraft, GACH, and AN/AWG-9 radar LOS relative TCS LOS, RACH. Additionally, the track window is indicated by 4 small squares representing each corner of that window.<br />
<br />
The gimbal angle crosshairs or GACH, which is a solid cross, indicate deflection of the TCS LOS from the aircraft datum line, ADL. GACH crosshair in the center indicates TCS LOS along ADL and deflection towards the edges indicate deflection towards the gimbal limits with the video edges being maximum deflection.<br />
<br />
RACH or radar angle crosshairs, a dashed crosshair, indicate radar antenna LOS when inside the current TCS FOV. When the sensors slave to one another RACH and GACH will coincide creating a single solid crosshair.<br />
<br />
The track window indicates the area that the TCS contrast tracker is currently locked on to if it has acquired a target. When not in an active track these squares collapse into the center of the display being 2% of the screen width when in manual mode and 5% when in an auto mode.<br />
<br />
=LANTIRN Targeting Pod=<br />
----<br />
[[File:flir.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The F-14B can carry the AN/AAQ-14 Low Altitude Navigation and Targeting Infrared For Night (LANTIRN) targeting pod. This pod consists of a Forward-Looking Infrared (FLIR) camera (which also includes a digital charged coupled device camera) for target locating and observing, a Laser Target Designator/Ranger for firing a laser that both designates targets for laser-homing weapons and gathers ranging information for designating whatever the FLIR is pointed at as an air-to-ground, and a Laser Spot Tracker (LST) which can search for and track a laser, allowing for the FLIR to be cued onto an offboard (ground or air-designated) laser from another unit and then designate a Target off said point; this allows for most effective buddy-lasing. The targeting pod can be used in both air-to-ground and air-to-air functions, but the LTD/R and LST are only used for A/G operation.<br />
<br />
==Symbology==<br />
The following areas on the LANTIRN are to represent:<br />
# '''A/C Position Data:''' Displays aircraft LAT/LON, altitude, and groundspeed information.<br />
# '''LANTIRN Polarity:''' Displays white or hot background. AGC is for automatic gain control, MGC is for manual gain control.<br />
# '''LANTIRN Information:''' Gives general information on the pod. SR is for slant range, AZ/EL for azimuth/elevation of sight, and rest is UTC time.<br />
# '''LANTIRN Track Mode:''' Displays the current tracking mode. A/A is for air-to-air, A/G is for air-to-ground. Right side is for current selected weapon.<br />
# '''Track Data:''' Displays information of LAT/LON and altitude of where the sight is at.<br />
# '''Track:''' Displays the hairs for point and area track, and what the sight is directly pointed at.<br />
# '''Launch Envelopes:''' The top tape is for the heading relative of the aircraft to the track. The right side tape is for the release point.<br />
<br />
=TARPS Pod=<br />
----<br />
Not yet implemented.<br />
<br />
=Air-to-Air Radar=<br />
----<br />
==Detail Data Display==<br />
[[File:f14 ddd.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
Among the 3 digital displays, the Detail Data Display gives the RIO information about contacts from the AWG-9 radar in terms of range and radar mode, with respect to the notch filter.<br />
<br />
===Notch Filter===<br />
The AWG-9 radar in the F-14B Tomcat has a notch filter when using the pulse-doppler radar modes under certain conditions. These conditions include, but are not limited to:<br />
<br />
* ~100 knot difference of the aircraft relative to contact<br />
* Contact flying 90 degrees perpendicular CW/CCW to aircraft<br />
* Masking with ground terrain scan return<br />
<br />
<br />
There is a rough line shown in the radar modes, likewise of the jamming lobe, for when considering the notch filter that the contact will disappear from.<br />
<br />
==Tactical Information Display==<br />
[[File:f14 tid.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The Tactical Information Display (TID) gives the RIO of the F-14B the main information on the AWG-9 radar, including situational awareness, range, altitude, and contact heading.<br />
<br />
===Display Modes===<br />
The TID comes with a total of 8 display modes available, that can be toggled either on or off for purposes of gathering more information or decluttering:<br />
<br />
* '''RID DISABLE:''' ? needs more info. Not yet implemented.<br />
* '''ALT NUM:''' Displays the altitude of contact with a singular digit rounded to the nearest thousand.<br />
* '''SYM ELEM:''' Displays the symbology of contacts corresponding to HAFU.<br />
* '''DATA LINK:''' Displays contacts from the datalink frequency.<br />
* '''JAM STROBE:''' Displays the jamming strobes. Not yet implemented.<br />
* '''NON-ATTK:''' Displays determined (manual IFF or datalink) HAFU of friendly contacts.<br />
* '''VEL VECTOR:''' Displays the velocity vectors of contacts.<br />
* '''LAUNCH ZONE:''' Displays contact approximate missile launch zones.<br />
<br />
==AN/AWG-9 Radar==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat is equipped with the AN/AWG-9 all-weather and pulse-doppler radar. It is a very long-range radar used for the main purpose of intercept.<br />
<br />
===Radar Modes===<br />
The AWG-9 in the F-14B comes with 2 types of radar modes: doppler and pulse-doppler search. Of those two, subsets are able to be observed as 5 in this list:<br />
<br />
* '''PD SRCH:''' Pulse-Doppler Search mode. No bias factor of the radar, but impedes to pulse-doppler methods.<br />
* '''PD STT:''' Pulse-Doppler Single Target Track mode. By default upon acquiring a lock with the AWG-9, the radar will move to this function mode. It is currently suspectable to the notch filter.<br />
* '''RWS:''' Range While Search mode. The radar will prioritize the range of targets but not other factors. Falls under pulse-doppler.<br />
* '''TWS MAN:''' Track While Scan - Manual mode. The radar will prioritize the situational awareness of other targets but not give information on every target. The radar will also prioritize targets by threat importance.<br />
* '''TWS AUTO:''' Track While Scan - Auto mode. The radar will perform the same as TWS Man, but the elevation and azimuth controls will be automated in the process for an optimal scan.<br />
* '''PULSE SRCH:''' Pulse Search mode. No bias factor of the radar and can not be impeded to the notch filter, unlike the pulse-doppler method. The radar will, however, output a return of everything that is scanned and requires tuning.<br />
* '''PULSE STT:''' Pulse Single Target Track mode. Performing similarly to Pulse Search mode, this function mode applies to only a single target and is not suspectable to the notch filter.<br />
<br />
====Pulse-Doppler Search Mode====<br />
[[File:f14 pulsedoppler.png|thumb|350px]]<br />
The pulse-doppler search mode is used mainly as a kind of early warning mode. It is the search mode with the greatest detection range but it can display no range to the RIO, only closure rate. For this reason, the TID can display no track information.<br />
<br />
====Pulse-Doppler STT Mode====<br />
[[File:f14 pdstt.png|thumb|350px]]<br />
The pulse-doppler STT works and looks much like the pulse STT mode. It does, however, have the same advantages and disadvantages compared to pulse STT as the other pulse-doppler modes compared to the pulse modes. This means that while much better at tracking a target close to the ground it is however vulnerable to notching.<br />
<br />
The DDD display for pulse-doppler STT looks like pulse STT display except that the target return and antenna azimuth display are moved to the left side of the screen and a generated synthetic target marker is displayed at the correct azimuth instead. This is so that the targets range can be displayed by the synthetic target, unlike the other pulse-doppler modes which only shows closure rate. The other symbology on the DDD in this mode are the same as in pulse STT.<br />
<br />
====Range While Search Mode====<br />
In range while search, a frequency measuring ranging mode is added (FM ranging) to allow the radar to measure the range of tracked targets in addition to closure rate. This additional processing does, however, mean that the effective range of the radar is somewhat lesser. The display on the DDD is the same as in pulse-doppler search, the TID however also shows tracks in this mode showing the targets as tracks momentarily as they’re scanned and displaying their position and altitude. <br />
<br />
The targets are shown for a maximum of two seconds or until the antenna again scans the same bar at the same azimuth at which time it is removed unless detected again. The maximum number of concurrently shown tracks are 48.<br />
<br />
====TWS Manual Mode====<br />
The track, while scan mode uses the same FM ranging as RWS with the same reduction in range compared to pulse-doppler search and the DDD display, is also the same. The main difference that the computer establishes track files and tracks up to 24 targets concurrently of which 18 can be shown on the TID at any given time.<br />
<br />
As the computer routine calculating these tracks need a set track refresh time of 2 seconds this limits available azimuth scan area and bar settings to either 20° 4 bars or 40° 2 bars. When entering TWS the computer automatically selects the ±20° 4 bar scan disregarding the RIO set scan volumes unless those are set to ±40° 2 bars in which case that is used instead.<br />
<br />
The TWS mode is also the only mode enabling guidance of the AIM-54 at multiple targets (up to six), and as soon as engageable targets are detected the computer starts assigning them a missile priority number according to optimal missile firing sequence.<br />
<br />
====TWS Auto Mode====<br />
Performing similarly to TWS Man mode, what differs between the two is that in TWS auto the computer takes control of used scan volume and scan pattern azimuth and elevation as soon as target tracks are present. The WCS computer automatically tries to optimize the scan volume and direction so that tracking of the prioritized targets is maximized. If not selected before launch the WCS overrides as soon as the first AIM-54 is launched and selects TWS Auto.<br />
<br />
====Pulse Search Mode====<br />
[[File:f14 pulse.png|thumb|350px]]<br />
Pulse search is used to search for and find airborne targets at range. It is possible to use this radar mode as a basic ground mapper as well which can be useful for navigation and navigational fixes and can also be used in a pinch to detect larger surface targets like ships. Keep in mind though that the radar is not built with this as its main function and that a real air-to-ground radar will outperform it handily.<br />
<br />
In this mode, the radar cannot by itself differentiate targets and generate tracks meaning that the WCS will not generate track files and display anything on the TID. This also means that pulse search is not capable of guiding missiles.<br />
<br />
====Pulse STT Mode====<br />
[[File:f14 pstt.png|thumb|350px]]<br />
Pulse STT is used to track a single target, like pulse search mode it is not susceptible to notching but it is to ground clutter. The fact that the STT modes use gates to track the target, in this case, range gates, means that it is less susceptible to ground clutter but a target close enough to the ground that the ground return enters the range gates would be likely to shake the lock.<br />
<br />
As it is only in the pulse-doppler modes that the missile guidance commands can be sent pulse STT is limited to launching AIM-7s in CW mode and AIM-54s in an active launch mode limiting their ranges. At short ranges, ACM ranges, it is possible to use the ASPECT switch to set what aspect of the target to track, this is just to counter different types of countermeasures. As an example, if set to NOSE the radar will be less susceptible to chaff as the radar weights its track towards the targets leading-edge (nose) away from the chaff being launched behind the target.<br />
<br />
A successful track is indicated by the ANT TRK and RDROT indicator lights on the DDD, meaning that the antenna is tracking the target and that the target is within the range gates. If the target is jamming with sufficient strength, negating a range track, the radar will transition to a jam angle track instead, indicated by the JAT indicator light on the DDD illuminating instead of the RDROT. When range tracking is again possible at closer ranges the radar will transition to that instead.<br />
<br />
The DDD in this mode will be similar to the pulse search mode but the antenna will be locked onto the target and not scan. Additionally, the DDD will show the range gates around the target, a closing rate symbol at the right scale and applicable attack symbology if a valid missile is selected.<br />
<br />
===Anti-Jamming Modes===<br />
Not yet implemented.<br />
<br />
===AN/APX-76 IFF Interrogator===<br />
The AN/APX-76 IFF (Identification Friend or Foe) interrogator is integrated into the AN/AWG-9 operation. Then interrogator antenna itself is located on the AN/AWG-9 antenna gimbal platform. An IFF system works by sending out an interrogation pulse and then listening for returns from cooperating transponders. In addition to the unencrypted civilian mode the AN/APX-76 is capable of interrogating in the encrypted military mode 4. This ensures that targets replying to mode 4 interrogations are indeed friendly. The AN/APX-76 can be used both in search radar modes and in STT radar modes. To enable interrogation the IFF switch is depressed on the Detail Data Display Panel which then activates the interrogator for as long as the button is held up to 10 seconds max.<br />
<br />
When enabled IFF received IFF returns are then overlaid on the normal AN/AWG-9 radar returns on the DDD. A friendly target will be indicated with two bars, one above and one below the normal radar return. As the AN/APX-76 is a separate radar, secondary mode, radar apart from the AWG-9 the IFF can sometimes also detect targets not detected by the AWG-9. In this case the IFF return will not have a radar echo inside it. In the search mode this is overlaid over each target replying and in STT over the STT target. Additionally, if the STT target is hooked on the TID the DDD will switch from normal range display to a ±10 NM display to enable display of multiple returns in case of closely grouped targets.<br />
<br />
==HAFU/Datalink==<br />
[[File:HAFU.png|right|80px]]<br />
Hostile, Ambiguous, Friendly or Unknown (HAFU) is a symbology system used by the F/A-18 to represent trackfiles; specifically, to show its status as a friendly or hostile. It is usually what trackfiles are displayed as across the software.<br />
<br />
There are four HAFU symbols:<br />
*'''Triangle:''' Hostile (red when colored)<br />
*'''Thick Staple:''' Ambiguous (yellow when colored)<br />
*'''Half-Circle:''' Friendly (green when colored)<br />
*'''Thin Staple:''' Unknown (yellow when colored)<br />
<br />
<br />
All types except ambiguous can be manually assigned via the [[#SA Format|Situational Awareness]] format. Tracks will also be automatically identified as explained below.<br />
<br />
A hostile HAFU will be assigned whenever:<br />
* A negative IFF response is returned, and<br />
** An NCTR print returns with an aircraft type that is on the hostile coalition; or<br />
** A SURV (surveillance, like an AWACS) source over datalink also marks it hostile; or<br />
** A F/F (fighter-fighter, like another F/A-18) source over datalink also marks it hostile.<br />
<br />
<br />
An ambiguous HAFU will be assigned when the aircraft and a donor have conflicting identifications (friendly and hostile).<br />
<br />
A friendly HAFU will be assigned whenever an IFF interrogation returns as friendly or the track itself is contributed to by the Precise Participant Location and Identification (PPLI) system.<br />
<br />
An unknown HAFU will be assigned by default until it is updated by meeting one of the requirements above.<br />
<br />
=Air-to-Air Weapons=<br />
----<br />
This area will cover over all the different air-to-air weapons brought with the F-14B Tomcat.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Air Gun==<br />
[[File:f14 gun aa.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
''Using Real-Time mode.''<br />
<br />
The F-14 Tomcat is outfitted with the M61A1 Vulcan 6-barreled Gatling cannon, being able to hold up a maximum of 675 rounds internally.<br />
<br />
===Gun Rates===<br />
The cannon offers 2 modes of combat in the F-14B: <br />
<br />
* '''LOW:''' mode which slows down the muzzle rate, used for Air-to-Ground.<br />
* '''HIGH:''' mode which is to be used for Basic Fighter Maneuvering. (BFM)<br />
<br />
===Gun Modes===<br />
The cannon for Air-to-Air mode is able to be placed into 2 following positions:<br />
<br />
* '''Manual:''' this mode is able to be selected by depressing the CAGE/SEAM button, which will then only display the pipper and ammo count.<br />
* '''Real-Time:''' this mode is the regular, default mode. Along with a radar lock, the pipper will calculate to be accurate when directed to the diamond contact box. This will also give a closure rate towards the contact and the range relative to the aircraft.<br />
<br />
===Symbology===<br />
<br />
The symbology for the cannon is displayed on the HUD with the weapon master selector in the GUN position, and display in A/A. By default, the gun rounds indicator will be displayed as 0 for rounds per 100. Located next to the display panel to the right is the gun ammo counter. Additionally, the gunsight elevation is also able to be adjusted underneath the steer commands on the display panel.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Air Missiles==<br />
===AIM-54 Phoenix===<br />
The AIM-54 is a long-range, semi-active radar missile for Air-to-Air use. The F-14 was the only aircraft to carry it in service, and was used to take down Soviet bombers. However, it is able to be used on fighters as well. The AIM-54 comes with a proximity fuse and missile gate suite for non-direct contact explosions and radar tracking methods. <br />
<br />
Upon the launch of the missile, active input from the AN/AWG-9 radar is used to guide itself towards the contact. When reaching pitbull range (~20 nmi.) the missile will then use the radar in itself and steer until impact. <br />
<br />
The time until impact will be calculated during the whole flight of the missile after the launch sequence on the TID as a seconds counter next to the contact.<br />
<br />
====AIM-54A Mk.60====<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
====AIM-54C Mk.47====<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
===AIM-7 Sparrow===<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
===AIM-9 Sidewinder===<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
=Air-to-Ground Weapons=<br />
----<br />
The F-14B Tomcat comes with a variety of air-to-ground weapons after the upgrade to the Bombcat.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Ground Gun==<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Ground Bombs==<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
===Mk-20/81/82/83/84 GPB===<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
===GBU-12/14/16 LGB===<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
===BDU-33 Training Bomb===<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
===ADM-141 TALD===<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Ground Rockets==<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
=Resources=<br />
----<br />
==Manuals & Documents==<br />
* [https://info.publicintelligence.net/F14AAP-1B.pdf F-14B NATOPS Pocket Checklist]<br />
* [http://www.heatblur.se/F-14Manual/ Heatblur F-14 Manual]<br />
<br />
==Heatblur's Videos==<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q1o7E9pb95Y Episode 1: Overview]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OO3IdQjAdDA Episode 2: Pilot's Cockpit Walkaround]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ws1GxPG2ZXw Episode 3: Cold And Dark (Full Startup)]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kgpGO7fj4oU Episode 4: The RIO's Office]<br />
<br />
==Jabbers' Tutorial Videos==<br />
(They're good!)<br />
<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2qwlJs__iYk Pilot - Startup/Taxi/Takeoff with JESTER AI]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b5opjCygZug Pilot - Maneuvering and Flight Characteristics]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f4y2oZ-7rM8 Pilot - Air-to-Air Refueling]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ujk4hL_EnUc Pilot - ACM - Radar Acquisition Modes]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wftck0C3fJ8 Pilot - Weapons - Zuni Rockets with JESTER AI]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4m-Q02gxFEA Pilot - Weapons - AIM-9 Sidewinder]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SWeHtpJ00JI RIO - Startup]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r4-Dd4ss2Rc RIO - AWG-9 Radar]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YG7sWweg2RQ RIO - IFF Interrogation]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2q-bHFyTEr8 Overview - AIM-54C Mk.47 Phoenix - Tacview Debrief]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PyAQpqVhtBY Overview - AIM-54A Mk.60 Phoenix - Tacview Debrief]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4groy-_Bxfk Quick Tips - AIM-54 Phoenix]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Is3AtOX-abw Quick Tips - Bombing]</div>Siriushttps://wiki.hoggitworld.com/index.php?title=F-14A/B&diff=10598F-14A/B2019-09-06T00:15:35Z<p>Sirius: /* Air-to-Air Gun */</p>
<hr />
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<br />
''Credits to Jak for having the [[F/A-18C]] page serve as a guide and filler content on related systems.''<br />
<br />
The Grumman '''F-14A/B''' Tomcat is a two-seat, twin-engine supersonic variable wing-sweep fighter aircraft. The F-14 was the first US fighter jet with twin tails and was the largest & heaviest US fighter to ever fly from an aircraft carrier. The reason that the F-14 was so incredibly large and heavy was that it carried the large AWG-9 radar and accompanying AIM-54 Phoenix (air-to-air) missiles: this very capable combination allowed the F-14 to make shots of up to 200 nautical miles at the bad guys. Also, being big means you can carry a lot of fuel!<br />
<br />
Of course, the practical range of the AWG-9 is rather more limited, especially if you are shooting at more maneuverable fighter-sized targets, but even at these closer ranges, the AIM-54 Phoenix is still a capable missile that should not be underestimated. The F-14 is also capable of carrying an array of air-to-ground weapons, such as dumb bombs in both high and low drag forms, air-to-ground Zuni rockets and even laser-guided bombs, which can be self-designated using the LANTIRN targeting pod on the F-14.<br />
<br />
Most people will recognize and adore the F-14 because of its stardom presence in that one weird volleyball movie from the '80s. Its on-screen presence in movies will make the F-14 to appear docile and easy to fly, but due to lack of a fly-by-wire the F-14 can be a real handful: it being a pilot's aircraft however makes it fun to fly and learn. The analogous nature of the F-14 (comparable to the F-5E II Tigershark) will give you a good knowledge of the airplane over time but requires a bit of a different mindset that the computerized flight of the F/A-18C and the F-15.<br />
<br />
__TOC__<br />
<br />
=Weapons List=<br />
----<br />
==Implemented==<br />
Partially or fully implemented weapons of the F14/A/B Tomcat:<br />
* M61 Vulcan Six-Barreled Gatling Gun<br />
* AIM-7M/F Sparrow<br />
* CAP/AIM-9M Sidewinder<br />
* AIM-54A Phoenix Mk. 60<br />
* AIM-54C Phoenix Mk. 47<br />
* Mk-81, 82, 83, and 84 <br />
* GBU-10, 12, 16, and 24 <br />
* MK-20 Rockeye<br />
* Zuni Rockets<br />
* BDU-33 Practice Bombs<br />
* ADM-141 TALD<br />
* LUU-2 Parachute Flare<br />
* Smokewinder<br />
* LANTIRN Pod<br />
* FPU-1 Fuel Tank<br />
<br />
==Planned==<br />
Weapons not yet implemented into the Tomcat:<br />
* TARPS Pod<br />
<br />
=Hands On Throttle And Stick (HOTAS)=<br />
----<br />
==Throttle==<br />
[[File:throttle.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The throttle of the F-14 Tomcat consists of 2 quadrants, both for the left and right engines. There is an afterburner detent along with a cutoff detent for maximum throttle and shutdown of the engine for each quadrant.<br />
<br />
The throttle has the following controls:<br />
# '''Speed Brake Switch:''' 2-position switch. "EXT" is a momentary and needed input position that extends the speed brake outward depending on the aircraft speed.<br />
# '''Wing Sweep Switch:''' 4-way hat switch. "AUTO" sets the wing to sweep automatically determined by an onboard computer, "BOMB" sets the wing to sweep in an angled position between fully extended and retracted and dependent on speed for the air-to-ground bombing.<br />
# '''PLM Button:''' multifunction button. When the steering command is in A2A mode, this acts as a pilot lock-on tool for the AWG-9 radar. But when used for landing and/or in the LDG steering command mode, this allows for disengagement of the ACLS.<br />
# '''CAGE/SEAM Button:''' multifunction button. When the steering command is in A2A mode, this allows for CAGE/SEAM lock-on of the AIM-9 Sidewinder. But when used for landing and/or in the LDG steering command mode, this allows for disengagement of the APC.<br />
# '''Exterior Light Switch:''' 2-position switch. Used to toggle the exterior lights of the aircraft.<br />
# '''ICS PTT Switch:''' 2-position switch. Acts as a push-to-talk system for the ICS system inside of the aircraft used between the Pilot and RIO. (or JESTER AI)<br />
<br />
==Control Stick==<br />
[[File:stick.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The control stick is located in the center of the cockpit, mounted onto the floor. Left and right movements of the control stick direct hydraulic movement to the spoilers and horizontal stabilizers of the aircraft. Forward and backward movement result to respectively the same but to the horizontal stabilizers.<br />
<br />
The control stick has the following controls:<br />
# '''Bomb Release Button:''' single-purpose button. When pressed in A2G steering command mode, all pylons selected with bombs will release respective of the ripple settings, type, and interval.<br />
# '''Trim Hat:''' 4-way hat switch. Upward movement moves the aircraft downward, and downward movement moves the aircraft upward. Both left and right movements follow to their directions according to their name.<br />
# '''Weapon Select Hat:''' 4-way hat switch. Bottom selection is OFF, and a ridge requires a momentary push action to move in/out of to GUN. Following all to the top are SW, then SP/PH which requires a momentary push action to switch between.<br />
# '''DLC & Maneuver Flap Command Wheel:''' scrollable dial. Moving it with the landing gears fully deployed acts as a variable control for spoiler extension. With the landing gears up, the dial also acts the same but for flaps and slats.<br />
# '''DLC Engage/Disengage & CMS Dispense Button:''' multifunction button. When pressed with the landing gears fully deployed, this controls the engagement and disengagement of the DLC system. But with the landing gears fully retracted, this allows for pilot control of the CMS system.<br />
# '''Autopilot Reference & NWS Button:''' multifunction button. When the aircraft is up in the air, this controls specific autopilot settings. But when the aircraft is on the ground, this controls the activation of the nosewheel steering system.<br />
# '''Autopilot Emergency Disengage Paddle:''' multifunction button. Disengages all autopilot modes and DLC and releases all autopilot switches and roll and pitch SAS switches to OFF position.<br />
# '''Weapon Firing Trigger:''' two-stage trigger switch. The first detent enables CTVS and gun camera. Second detent releases selected forwards firing the weapon.<br />
<br />
=Flight Controls & Landing Gear=<br />
----<br />
==Flight Controls==<br />
[[File:Wheels-flaps.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The F-14B has a large hydraulic system which covers for all of the control surfaces of the aircraft. Without the hydraulic system, or taking damage the controls are in risk of improperly working. The F-14 Tomcat was the last of its generation to have no integration of an FBW or FCS system, which was introduced with the F-15 Eagle.<br />
<br />
The F-14's primary flight controls are:<br />
* '''Left Spoilers (LES):''' A set of spoilers that lie within the left wing of the aircraft that help with aileron movement and control that react opposite of the intended direction.<br />
* '''Right Spoilers (RES):''' A set of spoilers that lie within the right wing of the aircraft that help with aileron movement and control that react opposite of the intended direction.<br />
* '''Tailerons (TAIL):''' Two horizontal stabilizers located on the rear end of the aircraft that control both pitch and aileron movement.<br />
* '''Leading Edge Flaps (LEF):''' Normal slats located on the leading (front) edge of the wings to add lift.<br />
* '''Trailing Edge Flaps (TEF):''' Normal flaps located on the trailing (back) edge of the wings to add lift.<br />
<br />
<br />
The control stick controls the stabilators, ailerons, and rudder and the rudder pedals control the rudder.<br />
<br />
===Flaps System===<br />
The aircraft's flap system provides more lift (and as a byproduct, drag). The flaps lever has two positions:<br />
* '''NONE:''' This applies no flap whatsoever to the wings of the aircraft.<br />
* '''FULL:''' This applies full movement of flaps to the wings of the aircraft.<br />
<br />
<br />
The flaps lever allows for variable movement, which gives the pilot the ability to control the amount of flap they wish for.<br />
<br />
===Speed Brake===<br />
The speed brake is a flap located on the end of the aircraft designed to provide drag to decelerate faster. It is activated via the speed brake switch on the throttle. The two positions are:<br />
* '''EXT:''' When the switch is moved aft, this extends the speed brake of the aircraft out depending on the airspeed.<br />
* '''RET:''' When the switch is moved forward, this retracts the speed brake.<br />
<br />
===Trim===<br />
The tailerons are capable of being trimmed to make roll and pitch corrections. This is accomplished with the trim hat on the controls stick. When the autopilot system is engaged, the onboard computer will attempt to make active trim movements in order to keep the aircraft within the specified attitude when set, along of the setting parameters. As speed is either gained or lost, the trim will actively move the stick as well along of the tailerons to adapt.<br />
<br />
===Wing Sweep===<br />
The wings of the aircraft are a variable-sweep design allowing for automatic or manual movements from pilot input on the right throttle quadrant. Similar to wing fold, the wings are able to be overswept from its maximum position through a master reset of the system in order to allow tighter space and closer parking on the carrier deck.<br />
<br />
==Landing Gear==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat has 3 retractable landing gears: the nose gear, the left gear, and the right gear. The gear is moved via the gear lever on the left side of the cockpit. In the up position, the gear will retract. In the down position, the gear will extend. The gear lever cannot be put up with weight on wheels. The gear will not retract with the launch bar extended.<br />
<br />
===Nosewheel Steering===<br />
The nose gear features nosewheel steering (NWS) controlled by the rudder pedals. With the weight off of the wheels, it is disengaged. It automatically engages upon there being the weight on wheels. NWS is disengaged manually via the button on the stick.<br />
<br />
===Launch Bar===<br />
On the front nosegear is a launch bar that attaches the airplane to a catapult from launches from an aircraft carrier. Its deployment is pilot-controlled, but it is connected to the catapult by the ground crew (DCS default binding is U).<br />
<br />
It is controlled via the launch bar switch on the left upper console. When the switch in the RETRACT position, the launch bar will retract, but physically cannot do so when connected to the catapult. The switch will move to the RETRACT position automatically when there is a weight off wheels. In the EXTEND position, the launch bar will extend if there is the weight on wheels.<br />
<br />
=Autopilot and Autothrottle=<br />
----<br />
The F-14 Tomcat has the ability to automate certain types of flight via its Automatic Flight Control System (AFCS) and Automatic Throttle Control (ATC). The AFCS, or simply the autopilot, control the flight surfaces and the ATC controls the throttles.<br />
<br />
==AFCS==<br />
[[File:afcs.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The Automatic Flight Control System (AFCS), or just the "autopilot", controls the aircraft's flight controls to automate maneuvering. It is interfaced on the autopilot panel via the A/P engage switch. On the autopilot panel, there are 7 modes able to be toggled:<br />
# '''Pitch Stabilizer Augmentation:''' 2-position switch. This switch controls the ability for the pitch to be augmented for dampening.<br />
# '''Roll Stabilizer Augmentation:''' 2-position switch. This switch controls the ability for the roll to be augmented for dampening.<br />
# '''Yaw Stabilizer Augmentation:''' 2-position switch. This switch controls the ability for the yaw to be augmented for dampening.<br />
# '''VEC/PCD/ACL Switch:''' 3-position switch. This switch controls the remote control modes of autopilot with the steering bars and ACLS.<br />
# '''ALT Switch:''' 2-position switch.' This switch controls the ability to maintain the current altitude when autopilot is engaged.<br />
# '''HDG/GT Switch:''' 3-position switch. This switch controls the ability to maintain the current heading when autopilot is engaged.<br />
# '''ENGAGE Switch:''' 2-position switch. This switch engages and disengages the autopilot.<br />
<br />
==ATC==<br />
The automatic throttle control (ATC), or just "autothrottle", controls the physical throttles and thereby automated thrust control. ATC is toggled via ATC engage/disengage switch next to the throttle. When the ATC is engaged, the physical means of the throttle quadrants will begin to move on their own. However, whenever the pilot makes any new movement to the throttle whatsoever, the ATC will disengage to allow pilot control over both of the engines. The ATC is primarily used for landing on a carrier along of the ACLS system.<br />
<br />
=Digital Systems Overview=<br />
----<br />
[[File:displays.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
==Pilot==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat comes with 2 digital display screens in the Pilot cockpit:<br />
* '''Vertical Display Indicator (VDI):''' a multifunction display that allows for the pilot to see their HUD in a form of a repeater, and the [[#Television Camera Set|TCS]].<br />
* '''Horizontal Situation Display Indicator (HSD):''' a multifunction display that allows for the pilot to see their virtual compass for navigation modes, and the [[#AWG-9 Pulse-Doppler Radar|AWG-9 Radar]] from the RIO TID as a repeater.<br />
<br />
===Heads Up Display===<br />
The head-up display (HUD) is a projected display at the front of the cockpit that serves as the primary flight instrument. It also provides various indications for weapon delivery; this section will cover the HUD's indications in NAV master mode. Master mode/weapon-specific indications on the HUD will be covered in the relevant section.<br />
<br />
====Reject Modes====<br />
Via the switches next to the TO button on the displays panel, you are able to "declutter" or remove information off of the HUD.<br />
<br />
==Radar Intercept Officer==<br />
The Radar Intercept Officer (RIO) comes with 3 digital display screens in the RIO cockpit:<br />
* '''Detail Data Display (DDD):''' a dual-purpose display that allows for the RIO to see contacts on the [[#AWG-9 Pulse-Doppler Radar|radar]], based on the range and radar mode.<br />
* '''Tactical Information Display (TID):''' a multi-purpose display that allows for the RIO to see their [[#AWG-9 Pulse-Doppler Radar|AWG-9]] situational awareness, [[#Television Camera Set|TCS]], [[#TARPS Pod|TARPS]] and [[#LANTIRN Targeting Pod|LANTIRN]] pods.<br />
* '''Horizontal Situation Display Indicator (HSD):''' a multi-purpose display as to the one in the pilot cockpit.<br />
<br />
==Master Modes==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat has 5 primarily modes for information displayed. The 5 master modes are:<br />
* '''TO:''' switch. Displays takeoff information on HUD and VDI for degrees.<br />
* '''CRUISE:''' single-purpose button. Displays in-air flight information on HUD and VDI for degrees.<br />
* '''A/A:''' single-purpose button. Displays air-to-air information on HUD and VDI for degrees; and weapon employment.<br />
* '''A/G:''' single-purpose button. Displays air-to-ground information on HUD and VDI for degrees; and weapon employment.<br />
* '''LDG:''' single-purpose button. Displays landing information on HUD and VDI for degrees.<br />
<br />
<br />
Additionally, the F-14 Tomcat has an Air Combat Maneuver (ACM) panel which controls all air-to-air and air-to-ground aspects for armament.<br />
<br />
=Navigation=<br />
----<br />
The F-14 Tomcat has an inertial navigation system (INS) that allows the pilot to navigate by internal gyros aligned. However, due to the fault of having no GPS assistance, these gyros slowly drift over time and cause misalignment for visual information.<br />
<br />
==HSD==<br />
[[File:Hsd.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The Horizontal Situation Display Indicator (HSD) is the primary interface with the airplane's navigation systems. The HSI can be accessed from the bottom display screen. The basic function of the HSI is a rotating compass with a looking-from-above perspective. The controls for this screen are:<br />
# '''BRT Control:''' dial. Controls the brightness of the HSD screen.<br />
# '''HDG Control:''' dial. Controls the heading reference in TACAN mode.<br />
# '''CRS Control:''' dial. Controls the course heading reference in MAN and TACAN modes.<br />
# '''Test Button:''' single-purpose button. Resets the HSD screen if overload protection activates.<br />
# '''BIT Indicator:''' light. Shows a white light if a failure produces in the HSD.<br />
<br />
=== Steering Commands ===<br />
The HSD comes with a set of 5 different steering commands, which each have their own purpose towards displaying certain information:<br />
* '''TACAN:''' single-purpose button. Displays information based off of a radio beacon with range and direction.<br />
* '''DEST:''' single-purpose button. Displays information off of a selected waypoint from the RIO with range and direction.<br />
* '''AWL/PCD:''' single-purpose button. Displays information off of an ICLS frequency with azimuth and elevation bars (on VDI and HUD)<br />
* '''VEC:''' single-purpose button. ? (needs more info.)<br />
* '''MAN:''' single-purpose button. Displays information off of an entered heading (HDG Control) with direction.<br />
<br />
==Waypoints==<br />
The F-14B comes with an onboard flight computer system that handles waypoint navigation during in-air flight. The navigation system in the F-14B Tomcat gives a variety of waypoint holders, along with information for a set home plate.<br />
<br />
===Pilot===<br />
For the F-14B pilot, the waypoint information is able to be accessed by the DEST steering command and by using the NAV HSD display mode.<br />
<br />
===Radar Intercept Officer===<br />
For the F-14B Radar Intercept Officer, (RIO) the waypoints must be manually assigned by the RIO through the Computer Address Panel (CAP) system under the TAC DATA category. Once done, the waypoint must be selected through the CAP and entered in with coordinates similar to how INS alignment procedures are done.<br />
<br />
==TACAN==<br />
Tactical Air Navigation (TACAN) is a military radio navigation system. A TACAN beacon allows for an aircraft to determine its bearing and range from it, and using this information can navigate. TACAN's may be ground-based or be broadcasted by an airplane. TACAN channels have two bands, X and Y, and range from 1-126. 2 TACAN channels may be set present in the aircraft by both the Pilot and RIO for simultaneous use.<br />
<br />
The TACAN setting knobs give a range of these options:<br />
*'''T/R:''' Transmit and receive. Gets bearing and range from the TACAN.<br />
*'''RCV:''' Receive. Gets bearing from the TACAN.<br />
*'''A/A:''' Air-to-air TACAN mode.<br />
*'''X:''' Tunes the selected frequency on the X band.<br />
*'''Y:''' Tunes the selected frequency on the Y band.<br />
<br />
==ICLS==<br />
For night and low visibility operations, aircraft carriers have an Instrument Carrier Landing System (ICLS) to allow for instrument approaches to the carrier. ICLS provides horizontal and vertical guidance. The F-14 is equipped with ICLS.<br />
<br />
To activate the airplane's ICLS antenna, an ICLS dial is present to the right of the warning lights advisory panel, with an ARA on/off switch, used to toggle power to the system.<br />
<br />
When ILS is selected on the HSI, two bars, one horizontal and one vertical, appear near the velocity vector on the HUD. These indicate a vertical and horizontal deviation from the optimal glideslope (3°) and course to the deck. When they are both aligned with the velocity vector (making a "+"), the aircraft is on course.<br />
<br />
==ACLS==<br />
For CAT III conditions and poor visibility, the F-14 is equipped with the Automatic Carrier Landing System (ACLS) to allow an automatic flight to the carrier via. a radio-guided input from a Landing Signal Officer. (LSO) The auto-throttle and autopilot systems must be engaged and present during the time of activation with this system, along with lights given to the left of the VDI display.<br />
<br />
Datalink is required between the aircraft and the carrier in order for ACLS to work. When the best position of the azimuth and glideslope bars are within parameters, the nosewheel steering button is pressed in order to engage guidance.<br />
<br />
==Navigation Failures==<br />
The F-14B has a variety of navigation failures that may/can occur, including methods to fix them.<br />
<br />
===Navigation Fix Update===<br />
An error of latitude or longitude in the computer position of the aircraft can be corrected by a navigation fix update. Updating is especially important in the backup modes (AHRS AM and IMU/ AM) because of the estimated winds and magnetic variation changes. A nav fix is done via a ground-reference-point (latitude and longitude) position. The range and bearing of this position to the present aircraft position are used to update or correct existing values. The nav system may be updated by either a radar fix, a TACAN fix, or a visual fix.<br />
<br />
Before performing a nav fix, the latitude and longitude of the desired update point (radar, TACAN, or visual) must be stored in one of eight navigation point locations (three WPs, FIX PT, HOME BASE, HOST AREA, DEF PT, and IP). This data can be stored prior to flight by data link or by manual insertion. Then follow these steps:<br />
<br />
# Hook the Waypoint you choose to select for the nav fix.<br />
# Check the stored latitude and longitude on the TID.<br />
# Rotate the CATEGORY switch to NAV and select the desired type of update.<br />
<br />
<br />
Note that updating the position while in INS, and to a lesser degree while in IMU, can introduce a greater navigational position error than already present, in particular, if radar fix is used to update the nav system. Updates with a visual or TACAN fix provide reasonable accuracy (assuming a good MAG VAR during TACAN updates). Updating your nav system via a nav fix should be primarily used in the AHRS mode.<br />
<br />
===Radar Fix Update===<br />
An RDR FIX may be selected before or after positioning the DDD cursors. If the RDR FIX button is depressed, the computer computes the present position of the aircraft by measuring the range and bearing from the selected point. The delta between the computer position and the position determined by the INS is then displayed on the TID. If the entry of this delta into the navigation computations is desired, press the FIX ENABLE button. If the delta does not appear to be correct, the computer and the readout can be cleared by pressing the RDR FIX button. The fix may then be attempted again. The RIO should also perform periodic checks of own aircraft system altitude and update the altitude if necessary.<br />
<br />
Radar updating is performed as follows:<br />
<br />
# TID CURSOR/CAP - Hook Desired Navigation Point for Update.<br />
# PULSE SRCH button - Depress.<br />
# On sensor control panel: STAB switch - IN. EL BARS switch - 1. AZ SCAN switch - As Desired.<br />
# RDR FIX button - Depress.<br />
# DDD CURSOR button - Depress.<br />
# Action switch - Half Action (first detent).<br />
# Cursor is displayed on DDD.<br />
# Manipulate hand control DDD cursor over desired ground map point.<br />
# Action switch - Full Action and Release. (This will cause the DDD cursor to remain at the selected position.<br />
# Observe the delta for LAT and LONG on TID.<br />
# If readouts are unsatisfactory, deselect RDR FIX and repeat steps 4 through 12.<br />
# FIX ENABLE button - Depress.<br />
<br />
===TACAN Update===<br />
To perform a nav fix by TACAN requires that a restored waypoint shares identical LAT and LONG values with the TACAN station that will be used for the fix. Select the TACAN channel for the desired station and verify by listening to the coded identifier tone in the headset.<br />
<br />
Press the TACAN FIX button to update the aircraft position from a TACAN station. The WCS computer then calculates the own aircraft position error based on the range and bearing from the TACAN station. The delta is then entered in the same manner as with a radar fix.<br />
<br />
Perform a TACAN fix following these steps:<br />
<br />
# Select a TACAN channel whose latitude and longitude correspond to an update point.<br />
# Hook desired update point (WAYPT 1, FIX PT, HOME BASE, etc.).<br />
# CATEGORY switch - NAV.<br />
# TACAN FIX button - Depress.<br />
# Observe present position delta readout.<br />
# If delta is unsatisfactory, deselect TACAN FIX and repeat steps 2 through 7.<br />
# FIX ENABLE button - Depress.<br />
<br />
===Visual Update===<br />
To perform a visual fix, fly over a restored waypoint and press the VIS FIX button. Estimate your timing, because the aircraft nose and fuselage can obscure the fixed point during an overflight. It is also difficult to estimate when directly overhead a waypoint if the aircraft altitude is greater than 10.000 feet. The delta for the visual fix is displayed on the TID. Enter the delta by pressing FIX ENABLE.<br />
<br />
To perform a visual fix use the following steps:<br />
<br />
# Hook desired update point (WAY PT, HB, IP, etc.).<br />
# Select NAV category on CAP.<br />
# Overfly the selected restored point and when over the point, depress the VIS FIX button on the cap.<br />
# If the delta is not satisfactory, press VIS FIX again to clear the delta and repeat from step 1.<br />
# If a satisfactory delta is displayed, depress the FIX ENABLE button; this causes the delta correction of own-aircraft position to be inserted into the computer.<br />
<br />
===Datalink Update===<br />
To perform a data link update of the aircraft INS to the TDS frame of reference, the aircraft and TDS must share a prebriefed waypoint, identical in latitude and longitude. Enter this LAT/LONG data into the HOST AREA pseudo target file. The TDS will uplink the common reference point as a data link waypoint. When the aircraft and TDS INS systems agree, the data link waypoint and host area symbols will be superimposed on the TID. If they drift apart, the two pseudo targets on the TID will drift as well.<br />
<br />
To perform an update via data link, use the following steps:<br />
<br />
# Hook data link waypoint corresponding prebriefed reference point.<br />
# Select NAV category on CAP.<br />
# Overfly the hooked data link waypoint. When immediately over the point, press VIS FIX button on CAP.<br />
# Observe delta LAT and LONG on TID.<br />
# If deltas are satisfactory and update is desired, depress FIX ENABLE.<br />
# After a data link update, HOST AREA and data link waypoint should be superimposed on the TID again.<br />
<br />
===Fighter-to-Fighter Navigation Update===<br />
Net aircraft that use fighter-to-fighter data link can update their navigation system in the FF/DL mode. To update LAT/LONG hook the net aircraft symbol of an aircraft that is in close proximity and select F/F NAV UPDATE on the CAP. This will enter the hooked aircraft’s coordinates into the INS as own-aircraft coordinates. To update the nav system on an aircraft that is not close, first obtain a radar STT on that aircraft, hook the STT-ed aircraft on the TID and then press F/F NAV UPDATE on the CAP.<br />
<br />
=Defensive Systems=<br />
----<br />
The F-14B is equipped with various defensive systems: the AN/ALE-39 Countermeasure Dispensing System (CMDS), for the release of chaff and flares, the AN/ALQ-126 Deception ECM (DECM), for jamming enemy radar, and the AN/ALR-67 Radar Warning Reciever (RWR), for detection of enemy radar emitters and missile launches.<br />
<br />
==AN/ALR-67 RWR==<br />
[[File:alr-67.png|thumb|400px]]<br />
The AN/ALR-67 Radar Warning Receiver (RWR) provides the Hornet the ability to detect radars via the radio/microwave radiation they emit.<br />
<br />
===Audio Tones===<br />
Accompanying the RWR are various audio feedback tones:<br />
*'''Single Beep:''' A new ground- or sea-based emitter has been detected.<br />
*'''Double Beep:''' A new airborne emitter has been detected.<br />
*'''Repeating Beep:''' An emitter is tracking.<br />
*'''Faster Repeating Beep:''' An emitter is guiding a missile or is a missile.<br />
<br />
<br />
On the RWR gauge, the RWR knob will control the volume of the RWR tones.<br />
<br />
===Emitter Identifiers===<br />
''This list is, at present, not complete.''<br />
{|class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"<br />
!Type<br />
!RWR ID<br />
|-<br />
|U<br />
|Unknown<br />
|-<br />
|M<br />
|Active radar-homing missile<br />
|-<br />
|S<br />
|Search radar<br />
|-<br />
|3<br />
|SA-3 "Goa"<br />
|-<br />
|6<br />
|SA-6 "Gainful"<br />
|-<br />
|8<br />
|SA-8 "Gecko"<br />
|-<br />
|10<br />
|SA-10 "Grumble"<br />
|-<br />
|11<br />
|SA-11 "Gadfly"<br />
|-<br />
|11<br />
|F-111 Aardvark<br />
|-<br />
|12<br />
|SA-12 "Gladiator"<br />
|-<br />
|13<br />
|SA-13 "Gopher"<br />
|-<br />
|13<br />
|C-130 Hercules<br />
|-<br />
|14<br />
|F-14 Tomcat<br />
|-<br />
|15<br />
|F-15 Eagle<br />
|-<br />
|15 <br />
|SA-15 "Gauntlet"<br />
|-<br />
|16<br />
|F-16 Fighting Falcon<br />
|-<br />
|17<br />
|C-17 Globemaster III<br />
|-<br />
|18<br />
|F/A-18 Hornet<br />
|-<br />
|22<br />
|Tu-22 "Blinder"<br />
|-<br />
|23<br />
|MiG-23 "Flogger"<br />
|-<br />
|24<br />
|Su-24 "Fencer"<br />
|-<br />
|25<br />
|MiG-25 "Foxbat"<br />
|-<br />
|29<br />
|MiG-29 "Fulcrum"<br />
|-<br />
|29<br />
|Su-27 "Flanker"<br />
|-<br />
|29<br />
|Su-33 "Flanker-D"<br />
|-<br />
|30<br />
|Su-30 "Flanker-C"<br />
|-<br />
|31<br />
|MiG-31 "Foxhound"<br />
|-<br />
|34<br />
|Su-34 "Fullback"<br />
|-<br />
|39<br />
|Su-25M "Frogfoot"<br />
|-<br />
|40<br />
|''Spruance''-class destroyer<br />
|-<br />
|48<br />
|''Nimitz''-class carrier<br />
|-<br />
|49<br />
|''Oliver Hazard Perry''-class frigate<br />
|-<br />
|50<br />
|A-50 "Mainstay"<br />
|-<br />
|52<br />
|B-52 Stratofortress<br />
|-<br />
|76<br />
|IL-76 "Candid"<br />
|-<br />
|78<br />
|IL-78 "Midas"<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==AN/ALE-39 CMDS==<br />
[[File:f14 cms.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The AN/ALE-39 is the countermeasures dispensing set installed in the F-14B in this simulation. It controls its own set of launchers located between the engine nozzles on the underside of the so-called beaver-tail. The launchers each have two sections, one containing 10 cartridges and the other 20. They are referred to the left and right dispensers even though the left is really the front one and the right the back one with both being mounted inline on the left side of the tailhook. This is a remnant from the earliest model F-14s carrying the AN/ALE-29.<br />
<br />
This all sums up to a capacity of 60 cartridges in the system with each section necessarily holding one type of cartridges meaning that any combination of cartridges is possible as long as each type’s quantity is a multiple of 10. The system itself has no real knowledge of what is loaded where so incorrectly programming the system can lead to the wrong type of cartridge being ejected.<br />
<br />
===Cockpit Controls===<br />
The system itself can be operated manually from the control panel in the RIO pit or the DLC thumbwheel on the pilot stick when the flaps lever is in the up position. It is also capable of running programmed sequences of ejection which in turn can be initiated manually by the RIO from the control panel or the direction hats mounted on the handhold over the DDD. In addition, the AN/ALR-67 can also initiate the chaff ejection program if set up correctly on the AN/ALE-39 control panel.<br />
<br />
==AN/ALQ-126 DECM==<br />
The AN/ALQ-126 deception jammer is designed to detect radar threats, analyze them, select the optimum countermeasure technique available and apply it. Available techniques for jamming are amongst others, main lobe blanking, inverse con-scan, range-gate pull-off and swept square modes. In DCS this is modeled as a simple noise jammer due to engine limitations but controlled by the DECM logic as to when it’s on or off.<br />
<br />
===Cockpit Controls===<br />
The controls for the AN/ALQ-126 DECM are all located on the right horizontal panel in the RIO pit, the panel as the image above. In addition, there are two indication lights co-located with the RWR threat indicators on the right side of the TID. The mode selector knob controls power and operational mode that the system is in. The modes for the DECM are as follows:<br />
<br />
* '''OFF:''' turns off power to the system. STBY begins pre-warming of the system, taking in all-around 5 minutes.<br />
* '''TEST HOLD 3 SEC:''' is used to prepare the system for BIT, after 3 seconds in this mode, turn the knob to TEST - ACT.<br />
* '''TEST ACT:''' starts the BIT in the system. The BIT takes approximately 30 seconds and the RCV light will be illuminated the whole time while the XMIT light will flash twice. If the STANDBY light illuminates it indicates that a no-go condition exists in the system.<br />
* '''REC:''' enables the system to receive the only mode, enabling analyzation of threats and also the threat audio.<br />
* '''RPT:''' enables full system functionality, in addition to REC it also now tries to jam threats according to the selected method.<br />
<br />
=Television Camera Set=<br />
----<br />
[[File:tcs_symbology.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The F-14B is outfitted with the ALQ-100 Television Camera Set (TCS) pod, used for visually identifying aircraft during the time of which IFF was not a trusted/more inferior method to confirming hostile aircraft and to keep track of their position, as well as their living status.<br />
<br />
==Symbology==<br />
On the TID, in non-TV mode, a TCS track is indicated by a 1.5” strobe at TCS LOS azimuth with a hollow circle at the end.<br />
<br />
The symbology on the video feed from the TCS has indicators for the FOV and two crosshairs indicating TCS LOS relative own aircraft, GACH, and AN/AWG-9 radar LOS relative TCS LOS, RACH. Additionally, the track window is indicated by 4 small squares representing each corner of that window.<br />
<br />
The gimbal angle crosshairs or GACH, which is a solid cross, indicate deflection of the TCS LOS from the aircraft datum line, ADL. GACH crosshair in the center indicates TCS LOS along ADL and deflection towards the edges indicate deflection towards the gimbal limits with the video edges being maximum deflection.<br />
<br />
RACH or radar angle crosshairs, a dashed crosshair, indicate radar antenna LOS when inside the current TCS FOV. When the sensors slave to one another RACH and GACH will coincide creating a single solid crosshair.<br />
<br />
The track window indicates the area that the TCS contrast tracker is currently locked on to if it has acquired a target. When not in an active track these squares collapse into the center of the display being 2% of the screen width when in manual mode and 5% when in an auto mode.<br />
<br />
=LANTIRN Targeting Pod=<br />
----<br />
[[File:flir.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The F-14B can carry the AN/AAQ-14 Low Altitude Navigation and Targeting Infrared For Night (LANTIRN) targeting pod. This pod consists of a Forward-Looking Infrared (FLIR) camera (which also includes a digital charged coupled device camera) for target locating and observing, a Laser Target Designator/Ranger for firing a laser that both designates targets for laser-homing weapons and gathers ranging information for designating whatever the FLIR is pointed at as an air-to-ground, and a Laser Spot Tracker (LST) which can search for and track a laser, allowing for the FLIR to be cued onto an offboard (ground or air-designated) laser from another unit and then designate a Target off said point; this allows for most effective buddy-lasing. The targeting pod can be used in both air-to-ground and air-to-air functions, but the LTD/R and LST are only used for A/G operation.<br />
<br />
==Symbology==<br />
The following areas on the LANTIRN are to represent:<br />
# '''A/C Position Data:''' Displays aircraft LAT/LON, altitude, and groundspeed information.<br />
# '''LANTIRN Polarity:''' Displays white or hot background. AGC is for automatic gain control, MGC is for manual gain control.<br />
# '''LANTIRN Information:''' Gives general information on the pod. SR is for slant range, AZ/EL for azimuth/elevation of sight, and rest is UTC time.<br />
# '''LANTIRN Track Mode:''' Displays the current tracking mode. A/A is for air-to-air, A/G is for air-to-ground. Right side is for current selected weapon.<br />
# '''Track Data:''' Displays information of LAT/LON and altitude of where the sight is at.<br />
# '''Track:''' Displays the hairs for point and area track, and what the sight is directly pointed at.<br />
# '''Launch Envelopes:''' The top tape is for the heading relative of the aircraft to the track. The right side tape is for the release point.<br />
<br />
=TARPS Pod=<br />
----<br />
Not yet implemented.<br />
<br />
=Air-to-Air Radar=<br />
----<br />
==Detail Data Display==<br />
[[File:f14 ddd.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
Among the 3 digital displays, the Detail Data Display gives the RIO information about contacts from the AWG-9 radar in terms of range and radar mode, with respect to the notch filter.<br />
<br />
===Notch Filter===<br />
The AWG-9 radar in the F-14B Tomcat has a notch filter when using the pulse-doppler radar modes under certain conditions. These conditions include, but are not limited to:<br />
<br />
* ~100 knot difference of the aircraft relative to contact<br />
* Contact flying 90 degrees perpendicular CW/CCW to aircraft<br />
* Masking with ground terrain scan return<br />
<br />
<br />
There is a rough line shown in the radar modes, likewise of the jamming lobe, for when considering the notch filter that the contact will disappear from.<br />
<br />
==Tactical Information Display==<br />
[[File:f14 tid.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The Tactical Information Display (TID) gives the RIO of the F-14B the main information on the AWG-9 radar, including situational awareness, range, altitude, and contact heading.<br />
<br />
===Display Modes===<br />
The TID comes with a total of 8 display modes available, that can be toggled either on or off for purposes of gathering more information or decluttering:<br />
<br />
* '''RID DISABLE:''' ? needs more info. Not yet implemented.<br />
* '''ALT NUM:''' Displays the altitude of contact with a singular digit rounded to the nearest thousand.<br />
* '''SYM ELEM:''' Displays the symbology of contacts corresponding to HAFU.<br />
* '''DATA LINK:''' Displays contacts from the datalink frequency.<br />
* '''JAM STROBE:''' Displays the jamming strobes. Not yet implemented.<br />
* '''NON-ATTK:''' Displays determined (manual IFF or datalink) HAFU of friendly contacts.<br />
* '''VEL VECTOR:''' Displays the velocity vectors of contacts.<br />
* '''LAUNCH ZONE:''' Displays contact approximate missile launch zones.<br />
<br />
==AN/AWG-9 Radar==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat is equipped with the AN/AWG-9 all-weather and pulse-doppler radar. It is a very long-range radar used for the main purpose of intercept.<br />
<br />
===Radar Modes===<br />
The AWG-9 in the F-14B comes with 2 types of radar modes: doppler and pulse-doppler search. Of those two, subsets are able to be observed as 5 in this list:<br />
<br />
* '''PD SRCH:''' Pulse-Doppler Search mode. No bias factor of the radar, but impedes to pulse-doppler methods.<br />
* '''PD STT:''' Pulse-Doppler Single Target Track mode. By default upon acquiring a lock with the AWG-9, the radar will move to this function mode. It is currently suspectable to the notch filter.<br />
* '''RWS:''' Range While Search mode. The radar will prioritize the range of targets but not other factors. Falls under pulse-doppler.<br />
* '''TWS MAN:''' Track While Scan - Manual mode. The radar will prioritize the situational awareness of other targets but not give information on every target. The radar will also prioritize targets by threat importance.<br />
* '''TWS AUTO:''' Track While Scan - Auto mode. The radar will perform the same as TWS Man, but the elevation and azimuth controls will be automated in the process for an optimal scan.<br />
* '''PULSE SRCH:''' Pulse Search mode. No bias factor of the radar and can not be impeded to the notch filter, unlike the pulse-doppler method. The radar will, however, output a return of everything that is scanned and requires tuning.<br />
* '''PULSE STT:''' Pulse Single Target Track mode. Performing similarly to Pulse Search mode, this function mode applies to only a single target and is not suspectable to the notch filter.<br />
<br />
====Pulse-Doppler Search Mode====<br />
[[File:f14 pulsedoppler.png|thumb|350px]]<br />
The pulse-doppler search mode is used mainly as a kind of early warning mode. It is the search mode with the greatest detection range but it can display no range to the RIO, only closure rate. For this reason, the TID can display no track information.<br />
<br />
====Pulse-Doppler STT Mode====<br />
[[File:f14 pdstt.png|thumb|350px]]<br />
The pulse-doppler STT works and looks much like the pulse STT mode. It does, however, have the same advantages and disadvantages compared to pulse STT as the other pulse-doppler modes compared to the pulse modes. This means that while much better at tracking a target close to the ground it is however vulnerable to notching.<br />
<br />
The DDD display for pulse-doppler STT looks like pulse STT display except that the target return and antenna azimuth display are moved to the left side of the screen and a generated synthetic target marker is displayed at the correct azimuth instead. This is so that the targets range can be displayed by the synthetic target, unlike the other pulse-doppler modes which only shows closure rate. The other symbology on the DDD in this mode are the same as in pulse STT.<br />
<br />
====Range While Search Mode====<br />
In range while search, a frequency measuring ranging mode is added (FM ranging) to allow the radar to measure the range of tracked targets in addition to closure rate. This additional processing does, however, mean that the effective range of the radar is somewhat lesser. The display on the DDD is the same as in pulse-doppler search, the TID however also shows tracks in this mode showing the targets as tracks momentarily as they’re scanned and displaying their position and altitude. <br />
<br />
The targets are shown for a maximum of two seconds or until the antenna again scans the same bar at the same azimuth at which time it is removed unless detected again. The maximum number of concurrently shown tracks are 48.<br />
<br />
====TWS Manual Mode====<br />
The track, while scan mode uses the same FM ranging as RWS with the same reduction in range compared to pulse-doppler search and the DDD display, is also the same. The main difference that the computer establishes track files and tracks up to 24 targets concurrently of which 18 can be shown on the TID at any given time.<br />
<br />
As the computer routine calculating these tracks need a set track refresh time of 2 seconds this limits available azimuth scan area and bar settings to either 20° 4 bars or 40° 2 bars. When entering TWS the computer automatically selects the ±20° 4 bar scan disregarding the RIO set scan volumes unless those are set to ±40° 2 bars in which case that is used instead.<br />
<br />
The TWS mode is also the only mode enabling guidance of the AIM-54 at multiple targets (up to six), and as soon as engageable targets are detected the computer starts assigning them a missile priority number according to optimal missile firing sequence.<br />
<br />
====TWS Auto Mode====<br />
Performing similarly to TWS Man mode, what differs between the two is that in TWS auto the computer takes control of used scan volume and scan pattern azimuth and elevation as soon as target tracks are present. The WCS computer automatically tries to optimize the scan volume and direction so that tracking of the prioritized targets is maximized. If not selected before launch the WCS overrides as soon as the first AIM-54 is launched and selects TWS Auto.<br />
<br />
====Pulse Search Mode====<br />
[[File:f14 pulse.png|thumb|350px]]<br />
Pulse search is used to search for and find airborne targets at range. It is possible to use this radar mode as a basic ground mapper as well which can be useful for navigation and navigational fixes and can also be used in a pinch to detect larger surface targets like ships. Keep in mind though that the radar is not built with this as its main function and that a real air-to-ground radar will outperform it handily.<br />
<br />
In this mode, the radar cannot by itself differentiate targets and generate tracks meaning that the WCS will not generate track files and display anything on the TID. This also means that pulse search is not capable of guiding missiles.<br />
<br />
====Pulse STT Mode====<br />
[[File:f14 pstt.png|thumb|350px]]<br />
Pulse STT is used to track a single target, like pulse search mode it is not susceptible to notching but it is to ground clutter. The fact that the STT modes use gates to track the target, in this case, range gates, means that it is less susceptible to ground clutter but a target close enough to the ground that the ground return enters the range gates would be likely to shake the lock.<br />
<br />
As it is only in the pulse-doppler modes that the missile guidance commands can be sent pulse STT is limited to launching AIM-7s in CW mode and AIM-54s in an active launch mode limiting their ranges. At short ranges, ACM ranges, it is possible to use the ASPECT switch to set what aspect of the target to track, this is just to counter different types of countermeasures. As an example, if set to NOSE the radar will be less susceptible to chaff as the radar weights its track towards the targets leading-edge (nose) away from the chaff being launched behind the target.<br />
<br />
A successful track is indicated by the ANT TRK and RDROT indicator lights on the DDD, meaning that the antenna is tracking the target and that the target is within the range gates. If the target is jamming with sufficient strength, negating a range track, the radar will transition to a jam angle track instead, indicated by the JAT indicator light on the DDD illuminating instead of the RDROT. When range tracking is again possible at closer ranges the radar will transition to that instead.<br />
<br />
The DDD in this mode will be similar to the pulse search mode but the antenna will be locked onto the target and not scan. Additionally, the DDD will show the range gates around the target, a closing rate symbol at the right scale and applicable attack symbology if a valid missile is selected.<br />
<br />
===Anti-Jamming Modes===<br />
Not yet implemented.<br />
<br />
===AN/APX-76 IFF Interrogator===<br />
The AN/APX-76 IFF (Identification Friend or Foe) interrogator is integrated into the AN/AWG-9 operation. Then interrogator antenna itself is located on the AN/AWG-9 antenna gimbal platform. An IFF system works by sending out an interrogation pulse and then listening for returns from cooperating transponders. In addition to the unencrypted civilian mode the AN/APX-76 is capable of interrogating in the encrypted military mode 4. This ensures that targets replying to mode 4 interrogations are indeed friendly. The AN/APX-76 can be used both in search radar modes and in STT radar modes. To enable interrogation the IFF switch is depressed on the Detail Data Display Panel which then activates the interrogator for as long as the button is held up to 10 seconds max.<br />
<br />
When enabled IFF received IFF returns are then overlaid on the normal AN/AWG-9 radar returns on the DDD. A friendly target will be indicated with two bars, one above and one below the normal radar return. As the AN/APX-76 is a separate radar, secondary mode, radar apart from the AWG-9 the IFF can sometimes also detect targets not detected by the AWG-9. In this case the IFF return will not have a radar echo inside it. In the search mode this is overlaid over each target replying and in STT over the STT target. Additionally, if the STT target is hooked on the TID the DDD will switch from normal range display to a ±10 NM display to enable display of multiple returns in case of closely grouped targets.<br />
<br />
==HAFU/Datalink==<br />
[[File:HAFU.png|right|80px]]<br />
Hostile, Ambiguous, Friendly or Unknown (HAFU) is a symbology system used by the F/A-18 to represent trackfiles; specifically, to show its status as a friendly or hostile. It is usually what trackfiles are displayed as across the software.<br />
<br />
There are four HAFU symbols:<br />
*'''Triangle:''' Hostile (red when colored)<br />
*'''Thick Staple:''' Ambiguous (yellow when colored)<br />
*'''Half-Circle:''' Friendly (green when colored)<br />
*'''Thin Staple:''' Unknown (yellow when colored)<br />
<br />
<br />
All types except ambiguous can be manually assigned via the [[#SA Format|Situational Awareness]] format. Tracks will also be automatically identified as explained below.<br />
<br />
A hostile HAFU will be assigned whenever:<br />
* A negative IFF response is returned, and<br />
** An NCTR print returns with an aircraft type that is on the hostile coalition; or<br />
** A SURV (surveillance, like an AWACS) source over datalink also marks it hostile; or<br />
** A F/F (fighter-fighter, like another F/A-18) source over datalink also marks it hostile.<br />
<br />
<br />
An ambiguous HAFU will be assigned when the aircraft and a donor have conflicting identifications (friendly and hostile).<br />
<br />
A friendly HAFU will be assigned whenever an IFF interrogation returns as friendly or the track itself is contributed to by the Precise Participant Location and Identification (PPLI) system.<br />
<br />
An unknown HAFU will be assigned by default until it is updated by meeting one of the requirements above.<br />
<br />
=Air-to-Air Weapons=<br />
----<br />
This area will cover over all the different air-to-air weapons brought with the F-14B Tomcat.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Air Gun==<br />
[[File:f14 gun aa.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
''Using Real-Time mode.''<br />
<br />
The F-14 Tomcat is outfitted with the M61A1 Vulcan 6-barreled Gatling cannon, being able to hold up a maximum of 675 rounds internally.<br />
<br />
===Gun Rates===<br />
The cannon offers 2 modes of combat in the F-14B: <br />
<br />
* '''LOW:''' mode which slows down the muzzle rate, used for Air-to-Ground.<br />
* '''HIGH:''' mode which is to be used for Basic Fighter Maneuvering. (BFM)<br />
<br />
===Gun Modes===<br />
The cannon for Air-to-Air mode is able to be placed into 2 following positions:<br />
<br />
* '''Manual:''' this mode is able to be selected by depressing the CAGE/SEAM button, which will then only display the pipper and ammo count.<br />
* '''Real-Time:''' this mode is the regular, default mode. Along with a radar lock, the pipper will calculate to be accurate when directed to the diamond contact box. This will also give a closure rate towards the contact and the range relative to the aircraft.<br />
<br />
===Symbology===<br />
<br />
The symbology for the cannon is displayed on the HUD with the weapon master selector in the GUN position, and display in A/A. By default, the gun rounds indicator will be displayed as 0 for rounds per 100. Located next to the display panel to the right is the gun ammo counter. Additionally, the gunsight elevation is also able to be adjusted underneath the steer commands on the display panel.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Air Missiles==<br />
===AIM-54 Phoenix===<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
====AIM-54A Mk.60====<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
====AIM-54C Mk.47====<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
===AIM-7 Sparrow===<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
===AIM-9 Sidewinder===<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
=Air-to-Ground Weapons=<br />
----<br />
The F-14B Tomcat comes with a variety of air-to-ground weapons after the upgrade to the Bombcat.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Ground Gun==<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Ground Bombs==<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
===Mk-20/81/82/83/84 GPB===<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
===GBU-12/14/16 LGB===<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
===BDU-33 Training Bomb===<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
===ADM-141 TALD===<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Ground Rockets==<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
=Resources=<br />
----<br />
==Manuals & Documents==<br />
* [https://info.publicintelligence.net/F14AAP-1B.pdf F-14B NATOPS Pocket Checklist]<br />
* [http://www.heatblur.se/F-14Manual/ Heatblur F-14 Manual]<br />
<br />
==Heatblur's Videos==<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q1o7E9pb95Y Episode 1: Overview]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OO3IdQjAdDA Episode 2: Pilot's Cockpit Walkaround]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ws1GxPG2ZXw Episode 3: Cold And Dark (Full Startup)]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kgpGO7fj4oU Episode 4: The RIO's Office]<br />
<br />
==Jabbers' Tutorial Videos==<br />
(They're good!)<br />
<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2qwlJs__iYk Pilot - Startup/Taxi/Takeoff with JESTER AI]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b5opjCygZug Pilot - Maneuvering and Flight Characteristics]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f4y2oZ-7rM8 Pilot - Air-to-Air Refueling]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ujk4hL_EnUc Pilot - ACM - Radar Acquisition Modes]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wftck0C3fJ8 Pilot - Weapons - Zuni Rockets with JESTER AI]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4m-Q02gxFEA Pilot - Weapons - AIM-9 Sidewinder]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SWeHtpJ00JI RIO - Startup]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r4-Dd4ss2Rc RIO - AWG-9 Radar]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YG7sWweg2RQ RIO - IFF Interrogation]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2q-bHFyTEr8 Overview - AIM-54C Mk.47 Phoenix - Tacview Debrief]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PyAQpqVhtBY Overview - AIM-54A Mk.60 Phoenix - Tacview Debrief]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4groy-_Bxfk Quick Tips - AIM-54 Phoenix]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Is3AtOX-abw Quick Tips - Bombing]</div>Siriushttps://wiki.hoggitworld.com/index.php?title=F-14A/B&diff=10597F-14A/B2019-09-06T00:15:24Z<p>Sirius: /* Symbology */</p>
<hr />
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<br />
''Credits to Jak for having the [[F/A-18C]] page serve as a guide and filler content on related systems.''<br />
<br />
The Grumman '''F-14A/B''' Tomcat is a two-seat, twin-engine supersonic variable wing-sweep fighter aircraft. The F-14 was the first US fighter jet with twin tails and was the largest & heaviest US fighter to ever fly from an aircraft carrier. The reason that the F-14 was so incredibly large and heavy was that it carried the large AWG-9 radar and accompanying AIM-54 Phoenix (air-to-air) missiles: this very capable combination allowed the F-14 to make shots of up to 200 nautical miles at the bad guys. Also, being big means you can carry a lot of fuel!<br />
<br />
Of course, the practical range of the AWG-9 is rather more limited, especially if you are shooting at more maneuverable fighter-sized targets, but even at these closer ranges, the AIM-54 Phoenix is still a capable missile that should not be underestimated. The F-14 is also capable of carrying an array of air-to-ground weapons, such as dumb bombs in both high and low drag forms, air-to-ground Zuni rockets and even laser-guided bombs, which can be self-designated using the LANTIRN targeting pod on the F-14.<br />
<br />
Most people will recognize and adore the F-14 because of its stardom presence in that one weird volleyball movie from the '80s. Its on-screen presence in movies will make the F-14 to appear docile and easy to fly, but due to lack of a fly-by-wire the F-14 can be a real handful: it being a pilot's aircraft however makes it fun to fly and learn. The analogous nature of the F-14 (comparable to the F-5E II Tigershark) will give you a good knowledge of the airplane over time but requires a bit of a different mindset that the computerized flight of the F/A-18C and the F-15.<br />
<br />
__TOC__<br />
<br />
=Weapons List=<br />
----<br />
==Implemented==<br />
Partially or fully implemented weapons of the F14/A/B Tomcat:<br />
* M61 Vulcan Six-Barreled Gatling Gun<br />
* AIM-7M/F Sparrow<br />
* CAP/AIM-9M Sidewinder<br />
* AIM-54A Phoenix Mk. 60<br />
* AIM-54C Phoenix Mk. 47<br />
* Mk-81, 82, 83, and 84 <br />
* GBU-10, 12, 16, and 24 <br />
* MK-20 Rockeye<br />
* Zuni Rockets<br />
* BDU-33 Practice Bombs<br />
* ADM-141 TALD<br />
* LUU-2 Parachute Flare<br />
* Smokewinder<br />
* LANTIRN Pod<br />
* FPU-1 Fuel Tank<br />
<br />
==Planned==<br />
Weapons not yet implemented into the Tomcat:<br />
* TARPS Pod<br />
<br />
=Hands On Throttle And Stick (HOTAS)=<br />
----<br />
==Throttle==<br />
[[File:throttle.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The throttle of the F-14 Tomcat consists of 2 quadrants, both for the left and right engines. There is an afterburner detent along with a cutoff detent for maximum throttle and shutdown of the engine for each quadrant.<br />
<br />
The throttle has the following controls:<br />
# '''Speed Brake Switch:''' 2-position switch. "EXT" is a momentary and needed input position that extends the speed brake outward depending on the aircraft speed.<br />
# '''Wing Sweep Switch:''' 4-way hat switch. "AUTO" sets the wing to sweep automatically determined by an onboard computer, "BOMB" sets the wing to sweep in an angled position between fully extended and retracted and dependent on speed for the air-to-ground bombing.<br />
# '''PLM Button:''' multifunction button. When the steering command is in A2A mode, this acts as a pilot lock-on tool for the AWG-9 radar. But when used for landing and/or in the LDG steering command mode, this allows for disengagement of the ACLS.<br />
# '''CAGE/SEAM Button:''' multifunction button. When the steering command is in A2A mode, this allows for CAGE/SEAM lock-on of the AIM-9 Sidewinder. But when used for landing and/or in the LDG steering command mode, this allows for disengagement of the APC.<br />
# '''Exterior Light Switch:''' 2-position switch. Used to toggle the exterior lights of the aircraft.<br />
# '''ICS PTT Switch:''' 2-position switch. Acts as a push-to-talk system for the ICS system inside of the aircraft used between the Pilot and RIO. (or JESTER AI)<br />
<br />
==Control Stick==<br />
[[File:stick.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The control stick is located in the center of the cockpit, mounted onto the floor. Left and right movements of the control stick direct hydraulic movement to the spoilers and horizontal stabilizers of the aircraft. Forward and backward movement result to respectively the same but to the horizontal stabilizers.<br />
<br />
The control stick has the following controls:<br />
# '''Bomb Release Button:''' single-purpose button. When pressed in A2G steering command mode, all pylons selected with bombs will release respective of the ripple settings, type, and interval.<br />
# '''Trim Hat:''' 4-way hat switch. Upward movement moves the aircraft downward, and downward movement moves the aircraft upward. Both left and right movements follow to their directions according to their name.<br />
# '''Weapon Select Hat:''' 4-way hat switch. Bottom selection is OFF, and a ridge requires a momentary push action to move in/out of to GUN. Following all to the top are SW, then SP/PH which requires a momentary push action to switch between.<br />
# '''DLC & Maneuver Flap Command Wheel:''' scrollable dial. Moving it with the landing gears fully deployed acts as a variable control for spoiler extension. With the landing gears up, the dial also acts the same but for flaps and slats.<br />
# '''DLC Engage/Disengage & CMS Dispense Button:''' multifunction button. When pressed with the landing gears fully deployed, this controls the engagement and disengagement of the DLC system. But with the landing gears fully retracted, this allows for pilot control of the CMS system.<br />
# '''Autopilot Reference & NWS Button:''' multifunction button. When the aircraft is up in the air, this controls specific autopilot settings. But when the aircraft is on the ground, this controls the activation of the nosewheel steering system.<br />
# '''Autopilot Emergency Disengage Paddle:''' multifunction button. Disengages all autopilot modes and DLC and releases all autopilot switches and roll and pitch SAS switches to OFF position.<br />
# '''Weapon Firing Trigger:''' two-stage trigger switch. The first detent enables CTVS and gun camera. Second detent releases selected forwards firing the weapon.<br />
<br />
=Flight Controls & Landing Gear=<br />
----<br />
==Flight Controls==<br />
[[File:Wheels-flaps.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The F-14B has a large hydraulic system which covers for all of the control surfaces of the aircraft. Without the hydraulic system, or taking damage the controls are in risk of improperly working. The F-14 Tomcat was the last of its generation to have no integration of an FBW or FCS system, which was introduced with the F-15 Eagle.<br />
<br />
The F-14's primary flight controls are:<br />
* '''Left Spoilers (LES):''' A set of spoilers that lie within the left wing of the aircraft that help with aileron movement and control that react opposite of the intended direction.<br />
* '''Right Spoilers (RES):''' A set of spoilers that lie within the right wing of the aircraft that help with aileron movement and control that react opposite of the intended direction.<br />
* '''Tailerons (TAIL):''' Two horizontal stabilizers located on the rear end of the aircraft that control both pitch and aileron movement.<br />
* '''Leading Edge Flaps (LEF):''' Normal slats located on the leading (front) edge of the wings to add lift.<br />
* '''Trailing Edge Flaps (TEF):''' Normal flaps located on the trailing (back) edge of the wings to add lift.<br />
<br />
<br />
The control stick controls the stabilators, ailerons, and rudder and the rudder pedals control the rudder.<br />
<br />
===Flaps System===<br />
The aircraft's flap system provides more lift (and as a byproduct, drag). The flaps lever has two positions:<br />
* '''NONE:''' This applies no flap whatsoever to the wings of the aircraft.<br />
* '''FULL:''' This applies full movement of flaps to the wings of the aircraft.<br />
<br />
<br />
The flaps lever allows for variable movement, which gives the pilot the ability to control the amount of flap they wish for.<br />
<br />
===Speed Brake===<br />
The speed brake is a flap located on the end of the aircraft designed to provide drag to decelerate faster. It is activated via the speed brake switch on the throttle. The two positions are:<br />
* '''EXT:''' When the switch is moved aft, this extends the speed brake of the aircraft out depending on the airspeed.<br />
* '''RET:''' When the switch is moved forward, this retracts the speed brake.<br />
<br />
===Trim===<br />
The tailerons are capable of being trimmed to make roll and pitch corrections. This is accomplished with the trim hat on the controls stick. When the autopilot system is engaged, the onboard computer will attempt to make active trim movements in order to keep the aircraft within the specified attitude when set, along of the setting parameters. As speed is either gained or lost, the trim will actively move the stick as well along of the tailerons to adapt.<br />
<br />
===Wing Sweep===<br />
The wings of the aircraft are a variable-sweep design allowing for automatic or manual movements from pilot input on the right throttle quadrant. Similar to wing fold, the wings are able to be overswept from its maximum position through a master reset of the system in order to allow tighter space and closer parking on the carrier deck.<br />
<br />
==Landing Gear==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat has 3 retractable landing gears: the nose gear, the left gear, and the right gear. The gear is moved via the gear lever on the left side of the cockpit. In the up position, the gear will retract. In the down position, the gear will extend. The gear lever cannot be put up with weight on wheels. The gear will not retract with the launch bar extended.<br />
<br />
===Nosewheel Steering===<br />
The nose gear features nosewheel steering (NWS) controlled by the rudder pedals. With the weight off of the wheels, it is disengaged. It automatically engages upon there being the weight on wheels. NWS is disengaged manually via the button on the stick.<br />
<br />
===Launch Bar===<br />
On the front nosegear is a launch bar that attaches the airplane to a catapult from launches from an aircraft carrier. Its deployment is pilot-controlled, but it is connected to the catapult by the ground crew (DCS default binding is U).<br />
<br />
It is controlled via the launch bar switch on the left upper console. When the switch in the RETRACT position, the launch bar will retract, but physically cannot do so when connected to the catapult. The switch will move to the RETRACT position automatically when there is a weight off wheels. In the EXTEND position, the launch bar will extend if there is the weight on wheels.<br />
<br />
=Autopilot and Autothrottle=<br />
----<br />
The F-14 Tomcat has the ability to automate certain types of flight via its Automatic Flight Control System (AFCS) and Automatic Throttle Control (ATC). The AFCS, or simply the autopilot, control the flight surfaces and the ATC controls the throttles.<br />
<br />
==AFCS==<br />
[[File:afcs.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The Automatic Flight Control System (AFCS), or just the "autopilot", controls the aircraft's flight controls to automate maneuvering. It is interfaced on the autopilot panel via the A/P engage switch. On the autopilot panel, there are 7 modes able to be toggled:<br />
# '''Pitch Stabilizer Augmentation:''' 2-position switch. This switch controls the ability for the pitch to be augmented for dampening.<br />
# '''Roll Stabilizer Augmentation:''' 2-position switch. This switch controls the ability for the roll to be augmented for dampening.<br />
# '''Yaw Stabilizer Augmentation:''' 2-position switch. This switch controls the ability for the yaw to be augmented for dampening.<br />
# '''VEC/PCD/ACL Switch:''' 3-position switch. This switch controls the remote control modes of autopilot with the steering bars and ACLS.<br />
# '''ALT Switch:''' 2-position switch.' This switch controls the ability to maintain the current altitude when autopilot is engaged.<br />
# '''HDG/GT Switch:''' 3-position switch. This switch controls the ability to maintain the current heading when autopilot is engaged.<br />
# '''ENGAGE Switch:''' 2-position switch. This switch engages and disengages the autopilot.<br />
<br />
==ATC==<br />
The automatic throttle control (ATC), or just "autothrottle", controls the physical throttles and thereby automated thrust control. ATC is toggled via ATC engage/disengage switch next to the throttle. When the ATC is engaged, the physical means of the throttle quadrants will begin to move on their own. However, whenever the pilot makes any new movement to the throttle whatsoever, the ATC will disengage to allow pilot control over both of the engines. The ATC is primarily used for landing on a carrier along of the ACLS system.<br />
<br />
=Digital Systems Overview=<br />
----<br />
[[File:displays.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
==Pilot==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat comes with 2 digital display screens in the Pilot cockpit:<br />
* '''Vertical Display Indicator (VDI):''' a multifunction display that allows for the pilot to see their HUD in a form of a repeater, and the [[#Television Camera Set|TCS]].<br />
* '''Horizontal Situation Display Indicator (HSD):''' a multifunction display that allows for the pilot to see their virtual compass for navigation modes, and the [[#AWG-9 Pulse-Doppler Radar|AWG-9 Radar]] from the RIO TID as a repeater.<br />
<br />
===Heads Up Display===<br />
The head-up display (HUD) is a projected display at the front of the cockpit that serves as the primary flight instrument. It also provides various indications for weapon delivery; this section will cover the HUD's indications in NAV master mode. Master mode/weapon-specific indications on the HUD will be covered in the relevant section.<br />
<br />
====Reject Modes====<br />
Via the switches next to the TO button on the displays panel, you are able to "declutter" or remove information off of the HUD.<br />
<br />
==Radar Intercept Officer==<br />
The Radar Intercept Officer (RIO) comes with 3 digital display screens in the RIO cockpit:<br />
* '''Detail Data Display (DDD):''' a dual-purpose display that allows for the RIO to see contacts on the [[#AWG-9 Pulse-Doppler Radar|radar]], based on the range and radar mode.<br />
* '''Tactical Information Display (TID):''' a multi-purpose display that allows for the RIO to see their [[#AWG-9 Pulse-Doppler Radar|AWG-9]] situational awareness, [[#Television Camera Set|TCS]], [[#TARPS Pod|TARPS]] and [[#LANTIRN Targeting Pod|LANTIRN]] pods.<br />
* '''Horizontal Situation Display Indicator (HSD):''' a multi-purpose display as to the one in the pilot cockpit.<br />
<br />
==Master Modes==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat has 5 primarily modes for information displayed. The 5 master modes are:<br />
* '''TO:''' switch. Displays takeoff information on HUD and VDI for degrees.<br />
* '''CRUISE:''' single-purpose button. Displays in-air flight information on HUD and VDI for degrees.<br />
* '''A/A:''' single-purpose button. Displays air-to-air information on HUD and VDI for degrees; and weapon employment.<br />
* '''A/G:''' single-purpose button. Displays air-to-ground information on HUD and VDI for degrees; and weapon employment.<br />
* '''LDG:''' single-purpose button. Displays landing information on HUD and VDI for degrees.<br />
<br />
<br />
Additionally, the F-14 Tomcat has an Air Combat Maneuver (ACM) panel which controls all air-to-air and air-to-ground aspects for armament.<br />
<br />
=Navigation=<br />
----<br />
The F-14 Tomcat has an inertial navigation system (INS) that allows the pilot to navigate by internal gyros aligned. However, due to the fault of having no GPS assistance, these gyros slowly drift over time and cause misalignment for visual information.<br />
<br />
==HSD==<br />
[[File:Hsd.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The Horizontal Situation Display Indicator (HSD) is the primary interface with the airplane's navigation systems. The HSI can be accessed from the bottom display screen. The basic function of the HSI is a rotating compass with a looking-from-above perspective. The controls for this screen are:<br />
# '''BRT Control:''' dial. Controls the brightness of the HSD screen.<br />
# '''HDG Control:''' dial. Controls the heading reference in TACAN mode.<br />
# '''CRS Control:''' dial. Controls the course heading reference in MAN and TACAN modes.<br />
# '''Test Button:''' single-purpose button. Resets the HSD screen if overload protection activates.<br />
# '''BIT Indicator:''' light. Shows a white light if a failure produces in the HSD.<br />
<br />
=== Steering Commands ===<br />
The HSD comes with a set of 5 different steering commands, which each have their own purpose towards displaying certain information:<br />
* '''TACAN:''' single-purpose button. Displays information based off of a radio beacon with range and direction.<br />
* '''DEST:''' single-purpose button. Displays information off of a selected waypoint from the RIO with range and direction.<br />
* '''AWL/PCD:''' single-purpose button. Displays information off of an ICLS frequency with azimuth and elevation bars (on VDI and HUD)<br />
* '''VEC:''' single-purpose button. ? (needs more info.)<br />
* '''MAN:''' single-purpose button. Displays information off of an entered heading (HDG Control) with direction.<br />
<br />
==Waypoints==<br />
The F-14B comes with an onboard flight computer system that handles waypoint navigation during in-air flight. The navigation system in the F-14B Tomcat gives a variety of waypoint holders, along with information for a set home plate.<br />
<br />
===Pilot===<br />
For the F-14B pilot, the waypoint information is able to be accessed by the DEST steering command and by using the NAV HSD display mode.<br />
<br />
===Radar Intercept Officer===<br />
For the F-14B Radar Intercept Officer, (RIO) the waypoints must be manually assigned by the RIO through the Computer Address Panel (CAP) system under the TAC DATA category. Once done, the waypoint must be selected through the CAP and entered in with coordinates similar to how INS alignment procedures are done.<br />
<br />
==TACAN==<br />
Tactical Air Navigation (TACAN) is a military radio navigation system. A TACAN beacon allows for an aircraft to determine its bearing and range from it, and using this information can navigate. TACAN's may be ground-based or be broadcasted by an airplane. TACAN channels have two bands, X and Y, and range from 1-126. 2 TACAN channels may be set present in the aircraft by both the Pilot and RIO for simultaneous use.<br />
<br />
The TACAN setting knobs give a range of these options:<br />
*'''T/R:''' Transmit and receive. Gets bearing and range from the TACAN.<br />
*'''RCV:''' Receive. Gets bearing from the TACAN.<br />
*'''A/A:''' Air-to-air TACAN mode.<br />
*'''X:''' Tunes the selected frequency on the X band.<br />
*'''Y:''' Tunes the selected frequency on the Y band.<br />
<br />
==ICLS==<br />
For night and low visibility operations, aircraft carriers have an Instrument Carrier Landing System (ICLS) to allow for instrument approaches to the carrier. ICLS provides horizontal and vertical guidance. The F-14 is equipped with ICLS.<br />
<br />
To activate the airplane's ICLS antenna, an ICLS dial is present to the right of the warning lights advisory panel, with an ARA on/off switch, used to toggle power to the system.<br />
<br />
When ILS is selected on the HSI, two bars, one horizontal and one vertical, appear near the velocity vector on the HUD. These indicate a vertical and horizontal deviation from the optimal glideslope (3°) and course to the deck. When they are both aligned with the velocity vector (making a "+"), the aircraft is on course.<br />
<br />
==ACLS==<br />
For CAT III conditions and poor visibility, the F-14 is equipped with the Automatic Carrier Landing System (ACLS) to allow an automatic flight to the carrier via. a radio-guided input from a Landing Signal Officer. (LSO) The auto-throttle and autopilot systems must be engaged and present during the time of activation with this system, along with lights given to the left of the VDI display.<br />
<br />
Datalink is required between the aircraft and the carrier in order for ACLS to work. When the best position of the azimuth and glideslope bars are within parameters, the nosewheel steering button is pressed in order to engage guidance.<br />
<br />
==Navigation Failures==<br />
The F-14B has a variety of navigation failures that may/can occur, including methods to fix them.<br />
<br />
===Navigation Fix Update===<br />
An error of latitude or longitude in the computer position of the aircraft can be corrected by a navigation fix update. Updating is especially important in the backup modes (AHRS AM and IMU/ AM) because of the estimated winds and magnetic variation changes. A nav fix is done via a ground-reference-point (latitude and longitude) position. The range and bearing of this position to the present aircraft position are used to update or correct existing values. The nav system may be updated by either a radar fix, a TACAN fix, or a visual fix.<br />
<br />
Before performing a nav fix, the latitude and longitude of the desired update point (radar, TACAN, or visual) must be stored in one of eight navigation point locations (three WPs, FIX PT, HOME BASE, HOST AREA, DEF PT, and IP). This data can be stored prior to flight by data link or by manual insertion. Then follow these steps:<br />
<br />
# Hook the Waypoint you choose to select for the nav fix.<br />
# Check the stored latitude and longitude on the TID.<br />
# Rotate the CATEGORY switch to NAV and select the desired type of update.<br />
<br />
<br />
Note that updating the position while in INS, and to a lesser degree while in IMU, can introduce a greater navigational position error than already present, in particular, if radar fix is used to update the nav system. Updates with a visual or TACAN fix provide reasonable accuracy (assuming a good MAG VAR during TACAN updates). Updating your nav system via a nav fix should be primarily used in the AHRS mode.<br />
<br />
===Radar Fix Update===<br />
An RDR FIX may be selected before or after positioning the DDD cursors. If the RDR FIX button is depressed, the computer computes the present position of the aircraft by measuring the range and bearing from the selected point. The delta between the computer position and the position determined by the INS is then displayed on the TID. If the entry of this delta into the navigation computations is desired, press the FIX ENABLE button. If the delta does not appear to be correct, the computer and the readout can be cleared by pressing the RDR FIX button. The fix may then be attempted again. The RIO should also perform periodic checks of own aircraft system altitude and update the altitude if necessary.<br />
<br />
Radar updating is performed as follows:<br />
<br />
# TID CURSOR/CAP - Hook Desired Navigation Point for Update.<br />
# PULSE SRCH button - Depress.<br />
# On sensor control panel: STAB switch - IN. EL BARS switch - 1. AZ SCAN switch - As Desired.<br />
# RDR FIX button - Depress.<br />
# DDD CURSOR button - Depress.<br />
# Action switch - Half Action (first detent).<br />
# Cursor is displayed on DDD.<br />
# Manipulate hand control DDD cursor over desired ground map point.<br />
# Action switch - Full Action and Release. (This will cause the DDD cursor to remain at the selected position.<br />
# Observe the delta for LAT and LONG on TID.<br />
# If readouts are unsatisfactory, deselect RDR FIX and repeat steps 4 through 12.<br />
# FIX ENABLE button - Depress.<br />
<br />
===TACAN Update===<br />
To perform a nav fix by TACAN requires that a restored waypoint shares identical LAT and LONG values with the TACAN station that will be used for the fix. Select the TACAN channel for the desired station and verify by listening to the coded identifier tone in the headset.<br />
<br />
Press the TACAN FIX button to update the aircraft position from a TACAN station. The WCS computer then calculates the own aircraft position error based on the range and bearing from the TACAN station. The delta is then entered in the same manner as with a radar fix.<br />
<br />
Perform a TACAN fix following these steps:<br />
<br />
# Select a TACAN channel whose latitude and longitude correspond to an update point.<br />
# Hook desired update point (WAYPT 1, FIX PT, HOME BASE, etc.).<br />
# CATEGORY switch - NAV.<br />
# TACAN FIX button - Depress.<br />
# Observe present position delta readout.<br />
# If delta is unsatisfactory, deselect TACAN FIX and repeat steps 2 through 7.<br />
# FIX ENABLE button - Depress.<br />
<br />
===Visual Update===<br />
To perform a visual fix, fly over a restored waypoint and press the VIS FIX button. Estimate your timing, because the aircraft nose and fuselage can obscure the fixed point during an overflight. It is also difficult to estimate when directly overhead a waypoint if the aircraft altitude is greater than 10.000 feet. The delta for the visual fix is displayed on the TID. Enter the delta by pressing FIX ENABLE.<br />
<br />
To perform a visual fix use the following steps:<br />
<br />
# Hook desired update point (WAY PT, HB, IP, etc.).<br />
# Select NAV category on CAP.<br />
# Overfly the selected restored point and when over the point, depress the VIS FIX button on the cap.<br />
# If the delta is not satisfactory, press VIS FIX again to clear the delta and repeat from step 1.<br />
# If a satisfactory delta is displayed, depress the FIX ENABLE button; this causes the delta correction of own-aircraft position to be inserted into the computer.<br />
<br />
===Datalink Update===<br />
To perform a data link update of the aircraft INS to the TDS frame of reference, the aircraft and TDS must share a prebriefed waypoint, identical in latitude and longitude. Enter this LAT/LONG data into the HOST AREA pseudo target file. The TDS will uplink the common reference point as a data link waypoint. When the aircraft and TDS INS systems agree, the data link waypoint and host area symbols will be superimposed on the TID. If they drift apart, the two pseudo targets on the TID will drift as well.<br />
<br />
To perform an update via data link, use the following steps:<br />
<br />
# Hook data link waypoint corresponding prebriefed reference point.<br />
# Select NAV category on CAP.<br />
# Overfly the hooked data link waypoint. When immediately over the point, press VIS FIX button on CAP.<br />
# Observe delta LAT and LONG on TID.<br />
# If deltas are satisfactory and update is desired, depress FIX ENABLE.<br />
# After a data link update, HOST AREA and data link waypoint should be superimposed on the TID again.<br />
<br />
===Fighter-to-Fighter Navigation Update===<br />
Net aircraft that use fighter-to-fighter data link can update their navigation system in the FF/DL mode. To update LAT/LONG hook the net aircraft symbol of an aircraft that is in close proximity and select F/F NAV UPDATE on the CAP. This will enter the hooked aircraft’s coordinates into the INS as own-aircraft coordinates. To update the nav system on an aircraft that is not close, first obtain a radar STT on that aircraft, hook the STT-ed aircraft on the TID and then press F/F NAV UPDATE on the CAP.<br />
<br />
=Defensive Systems=<br />
----<br />
The F-14B is equipped with various defensive systems: the AN/ALE-39 Countermeasure Dispensing System (CMDS), for the release of chaff and flares, the AN/ALQ-126 Deception ECM (DECM), for jamming enemy radar, and the AN/ALR-67 Radar Warning Reciever (RWR), for detection of enemy radar emitters and missile launches.<br />
<br />
==AN/ALR-67 RWR==<br />
[[File:alr-67.png|thumb|400px]]<br />
The AN/ALR-67 Radar Warning Receiver (RWR) provides the Hornet the ability to detect radars via the radio/microwave radiation they emit.<br />
<br />
===Audio Tones===<br />
Accompanying the RWR are various audio feedback tones:<br />
*'''Single Beep:''' A new ground- or sea-based emitter has been detected.<br />
*'''Double Beep:''' A new airborne emitter has been detected.<br />
*'''Repeating Beep:''' An emitter is tracking.<br />
*'''Faster Repeating Beep:''' An emitter is guiding a missile or is a missile.<br />
<br />
<br />
On the RWR gauge, the RWR knob will control the volume of the RWR tones.<br />
<br />
===Emitter Identifiers===<br />
''This list is, at present, not complete.''<br />
{|class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"<br />
!Type<br />
!RWR ID<br />
|-<br />
|U<br />
|Unknown<br />
|-<br />
|M<br />
|Active radar-homing missile<br />
|-<br />
|S<br />
|Search radar<br />
|-<br />
|3<br />
|SA-3 "Goa"<br />
|-<br />
|6<br />
|SA-6 "Gainful"<br />
|-<br />
|8<br />
|SA-8 "Gecko"<br />
|-<br />
|10<br />
|SA-10 "Grumble"<br />
|-<br />
|11<br />
|SA-11 "Gadfly"<br />
|-<br />
|11<br />
|F-111 Aardvark<br />
|-<br />
|12<br />
|SA-12 "Gladiator"<br />
|-<br />
|13<br />
|SA-13 "Gopher"<br />
|-<br />
|13<br />
|C-130 Hercules<br />
|-<br />
|14<br />
|F-14 Tomcat<br />
|-<br />
|15<br />
|F-15 Eagle<br />
|-<br />
|15 <br />
|SA-15 "Gauntlet"<br />
|-<br />
|16<br />
|F-16 Fighting Falcon<br />
|-<br />
|17<br />
|C-17 Globemaster III<br />
|-<br />
|18<br />
|F/A-18 Hornet<br />
|-<br />
|22<br />
|Tu-22 "Blinder"<br />
|-<br />
|23<br />
|MiG-23 "Flogger"<br />
|-<br />
|24<br />
|Su-24 "Fencer"<br />
|-<br />
|25<br />
|MiG-25 "Foxbat"<br />
|-<br />
|29<br />
|MiG-29 "Fulcrum"<br />
|-<br />
|29<br />
|Su-27 "Flanker"<br />
|-<br />
|29<br />
|Su-33 "Flanker-D"<br />
|-<br />
|30<br />
|Su-30 "Flanker-C"<br />
|-<br />
|31<br />
|MiG-31 "Foxhound"<br />
|-<br />
|34<br />
|Su-34 "Fullback"<br />
|-<br />
|39<br />
|Su-25M "Frogfoot"<br />
|-<br />
|40<br />
|''Spruance''-class destroyer<br />
|-<br />
|48<br />
|''Nimitz''-class carrier<br />
|-<br />
|49<br />
|''Oliver Hazard Perry''-class frigate<br />
|-<br />
|50<br />
|A-50 "Mainstay"<br />
|-<br />
|52<br />
|B-52 Stratofortress<br />
|-<br />
|76<br />
|IL-76 "Candid"<br />
|-<br />
|78<br />
|IL-78 "Midas"<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==AN/ALE-39 CMDS==<br />
[[File:f14 cms.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The AN/ALE-39 is the countermeasures dispensing set installed in the F-14B in this simulation. It controls its own set of launchers located between the engine nozzles on the underside of the so-called beaver-tail. The launchers each have two sections, one containing 10 cartridges and the other 20. They are referred to the left and right dispensers even though the left is really the front one and the right the back one with both being mounted inline on the left side of the tailhook. This is a remnant from the earliest model F-14s carrying the AN/ALE-29.<br />
<br />
This all sums up to a capacity of 60 cartridges in the system with each section necessarily holding one type of cartridges meaning that any combination of cartridges is possible as long as each type’s quantity is a multiple of 10. The system itself has no real knowledge of what is loaded where so incorrectly programming the system can lead to the wrong type of cartridge being ejected.<br />
<br />
===Cockpit Controls===<br />
The system itself can be operated manually from the control panel in the RIO pit or the DLC thumbwheel on the pilot stick when the flaps lever is in the up position. It is also capable of running programmed sequences of ejection which in turn can be initiated manually by the RIO from the control panel or the direction hats mounted on the handhold over the DDD. In addition, the AN/ALR-67 can also initiate the chaff ejection program if set up correctly on the AN/ALE-39 control panel.<br />
<br />
==AN/ALQ-126 DECM==<br />
The AN/ALQ-126 deception jammer is designed to detect radar threats, analyze them, select the optimum countermeasure technique available and apply it. Available techniques for jamming are amongst others, main lobe blanking, inverse con-scan, range-gate pull-off and swept square modes. In DCS this is modeled as a simple noise jammer due to engine limitations but controlled by the DECM logic as to when it’s on or off.<br />
<br />
===Cockpit Controls===<br />
The controls for the AN/ALQ-126 DECM are all located on the right horizontal panel in the RIO pit, the panel as the image above. In addition, there are two indication lights co-located with the RWR threat indicators on the right side of the TID. The mode selector knob controls power and operational mode that the system is in. The modes for the DECM are as follows:<br />
<br />
* '''OFF:''' turns off power to the system. STBY begins pre-warming of the system, taking in all-around 5 minutes.<br />
* '''TEST HOLD 3 SEC:''' is used to prepare the system for BIT, after 3 seconds in this mode, turn the knob to TEST - ACT.<br />
* '''TEST ACT:''' starts the BIT in the system. The BIT takes approximately 30 seconds and the RCV light will be illuminated the whole time while the XMIT light will flash twice. If the STANDBY light illuminates it indicates that a no-go condition exists in the system.<br />
* '''REC:''' enables the system to receive the only mode, enabling analyzation of threats and also the threat audio.<br />
* '''RPT:''' enables full system functionality, in addition to REC it also now tries to jam threats according to the selected method.<br />
<br />
=Television Camera Set=<br />
----<br />
[[File:tcs_symbology.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The F-14B is outfitted with the ALQ-100 Television Camera Set (TCS) pod, used for visually identifying aircraft during the time of which IFF was not a trusted/more inferior method to confirming hostile aircraft and to keep track of their position, as well as their living status.<br />
<br />
==Symbology==<br />
On the TID, in non-TV mode, a TCS track is indicated by a 1.5” strobe at TCS LOS azimuth with a hollow circle at the end.<br />
<br />
The symbology on the video feed from the TCS has indicators for the FOV and two crosshairs indicating TCS LOS relative own aircraft, GACH, and AN/AWG-9 radar LOS relative TCS LOS, RACH. Additionally, the track window is indicated by 4 small squares representing each corner of that window.<br />
<br />
The gimbal angle crosshairs or GACH, which is a solid cross, indicate deflection of the TCS LOS from the aircraft datum line, ADL. GACH crosshair in the center indicates TCS LOS along ADL and deflection towards the edges indicate deflection towards the gimbal limits with the video edges being maximum deflection.<br />
<br />
RACH or radar angle crosshairs, a dashed crosshair, indicate radar antenna LOS when inside the current TCS FOV. When the sensors slave to one another RACH and GACH will coincide creating a single solid crosshair.<br />
<br />
The track window indicates the area that the TCS contrast tracker is currently locked on to if it has acquired a target. When not in an active track these squares collapse into the center of the display being 2% of the screen width when in manual mode and 5% when in an auto mode.<br />
<br />
=LANTIRN Targeting Pod=<br />
----<br />
[[File:flir.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The F-14B can carry the AN/AAQ-14 Low Altitude Navigation and Targeting Infrared For Night (LANTIRN) targeting pod. This pod consists of a Forward-Looking Infrared (FLIR) camera (which also includes a digital charged coupled device camera) for target locating and observing, a Laser Target Designator/Ranger for firing a laser that both designates targets for laser-homing weapons and gathers ranging information for designating whatever the FLIR is pointed at as an air-to-ground, and a Laser Spot Tracker (LST) which can search for and track a laser, allowing for the FLIR to be cued onto an offboard (ground or air-designated) laser from another unit and then designate a Target off said point; this allows for most effective buddy-lasing. The targeting pod can be used in both air-to-ground and air-to-air functions, but the LTD/R and LST are only used for A/G operation.<br />
<br />
==Symbology==<br />
The following areas on the LANTIRN are to represent:<br />
# '''A/C Position Data:''' Displays aircraft LAT/LON, altitude, and groundspeed information.<br />
# '''LANTIRN Polarity:''' Displays white or hot background. AGC is for automatic gain control, MGC is for manual gain control.<br />
# '''LANTIRN Information:''' Gives general information on the pod. SR is for slant range, AZ/EL for azimuth/elevation of sight, and rest is UTC time.<br />
# '''LANTIRN Track Mode:''' Displays the current tracking mode. A/A is for air-to-air, A/G is for air-to-ground. Right side is for current selected weapon.<br />
# '''Track Data:''' Displays information of LAT/LON and altitude of where the sight is at.<br />
# '''Track:''' Displays the hairs for point and area track, and what the sight is directly pointed at.<br />
# '''Launch Envelopes:''' The top tape is for the heading relative of the aircraft to the track. The right side tape is for the release point.<br />
<br />
=TARPS Pod=<br />
----<br />
Not yet implemented.<br />
<br />
=Air-to-Air Radar=<br />
----<br />
==Detail Data Display==<br />
[[File:f14 ddd.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
Among the 3 digital displays, the Detail Data Display gives the RIO information about contacts from the AWG-9 radar in terms of range and radar mode, with respect to the notch filter.<br />
<br />
===Notch Filter===<br />
The AWG-9 radar in the F-14B Tomcat has a notch filter when using the pulse-doppler radar modes under certain conditions. These conditions include, but are not limited to:<br />
<br />
* ~100 knot difference of the aircraft relative to contact<br />
* Contact flying 90 degrees perpendicular CW/CCW to aircraft<br />
* Masking with ground terrain scan return<br />
<br />
<br />
There is a rough line shown in the radar modes, likewise of the jamming lobe, for when considering the notch filter that the contact will disappear from.<br />
<br />
==Tactical Information Display==<br />
[[File:f14 tid.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The Tactical Information Display (TID) gives the RIO of the F-14B the main information on the AWG-9 radar, including situational awareness, range, altitude, and contact heading.<br />
<br />
===Display Modes===<br />
The TID comes with a total of 8 display modes available, that can be toggled either on or off for purposes of gathering more information or decluttering:<br />
<br />
* '''RID DISABLE:''' ? needs more info. Not yet implemented.<br />
* '''ALT NUM:''' Displays the altitude of contact with a singular digit rounded to the nearest thousand.<br />
* '''SYM ELEM:''' Displays the symbology of contacts corresponding to HAFU.<br />
* '''DATA LINK:''' Displays contacts from the datalink frequency.<br />
* '''JAM STROBE:''' Displays the jamming strobes. Not yet implemented.<br />
* '''NON-ATTK:''' Displays determined (manual IFF or datalink) HAFU of friendly contacts.<br />
* '''VEL VECTOR:''' Displays the velocity vectors of contacts.<br />
* '''LAUNCH ZONE:''' Displays contact approximate missile launch zones.<br />
<br />
==AN/AWG-9 Radar==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat is equipped with the AN/AWG-9 all-weather and pulse-doppler radar. It is a very long-range radar used for the main purpose of intercept.<br />
<br />
===Radar Modes===<br />
The AWG-9 in the F-14B comes with 2 types of radar modes: doppler and pulse-doppler search. Of those two, subsets are able to be observed as 5 in this list:<br />
<br />
* '''PD SRCH:''' Pulse-Doppler Search mode. No bias factor of the radar, but impedes to pulse-doppler methods.<br />
* '''PD STT:''' Pulse-Doppler Single Target Track mode. By default upon acquiring a lock with the AWG-9, the radar will move to this function mode. It is currently suspectable to the notch filter.<br />
* '''RWS:''' Range While Search mode. The radar will prioritize the range of targets but not other factors. Falls under pulse-doppler.<br />
* '''TWS MAN:''' Track While Scan - Manual mode. The radar will prioritize the situational awareness of other targets but not give information on every target. The radar will also prioritize targets by threat importance.<br />
* '''TWS AUTO:''' Track While Scan - Auto mode. The radar will perform the same as TWS Man, but the elevation and azimuth controls will be automated in the process for an optimal scan.<br />
* '''PULSE SRCH:''' Pulse Search mode. No bias factor of the radar and can not be impeded to the notch filter, unlike the pulse-doppler method. The radar will, however, output a return of everything that is scanned and requires tuning.<br />
* '''PULSE STT:''' Pulse Single Target Track mode. Performing similarly to Pulse Search mode, this function mode applies to only a single target and is not suspectable to the notch filter.<br />
<br />
====Pulse-Doppler Search Mode====<br />
[[File:f14 pulsedoppler.png|thumb|350px]]<br />
The pulse-doppler search mode is used mainly as a kind of early warning mode. It is the search mode with the greatest detection range but it can display no range to the RIO, only closure rate. For this reason, the TID can display no track information.<br />
<br />
====Pulse-Doppler STT Mode====<br />
[[File:f14 pdstt.png|thumb|350px]]<br />
The pulse-doppler STT works and looks much like the pulse STT mode. It does, however, have the same advantages and disadvantages compared to pulse STT as the other pulse-doppler modes compared to the pulse modes. This means that while much better at tracking a target close to the ground it is however vulnerable to notching.<br />
<br />
The DDD display for pulse-doppler STT looks like pulse STT display except that the target return and antenna azimuth display are moved to the left side of the screen and a generated synthetic target marker is displayed at the correct azimuth instead. This is so that the targets range can be displayed by the synthetic target, unlike the other pulse-doppler modes which only shows closure rate. The other symbology on the DDD in this mode are the same as in pulse STT.<br />
<br />
====Range While Search Mode====<br />
In range while search, a frequency measuring ranging mode is added (FM ranging) to allow the radar to measure the range of tracked targets in addition to closure rate. This additional processing does, however, mean that the effective range of the radar is somewhat lesser. The display on the DDD is the same as in pulse-doppler search, the TID however also shows tracks in this mode showing the targets as tracks momentarily as they’re scanned and displaying their position and altitude. <br />
<br />
The targets are shown for a maximum of two seconds or until the antenna again scans the same bar at the same azimuth at which time it is removed unless detected again. The maximum number of concurrently shown tracks are 48.<br />
<br />
====TWS Manual Mode====<br />
The track, while scan mode uses the same FM ranging as RWS with the same reduction in range compared to pulse-doppler search and the DDD display, is also the same. The main difference that the computer establishes track files and tracks up to 24 targets concurrently of which 18 can be shown on the TID at any given time.<br />
<br />
As the computer routine calculating these tracks need a set track refresh time of 2 seconds this limits available azimuth scan area and bar settings to either 20° 4 bars or 40° 2 bars. When entering TWS the computer automatically selects the ±20° 4 bar scan disregarding the RIO set scan volumes unless those are set to ±40° 2 bars in which case that is used instead.<br />
<br />
The TWS mode is also the only mode enabling guidance of the AIM-54 at multiple targets (up to six), and as soon as engageable targets are detected the computer starts assigning them a missile priority number according to optimal missile firing sequence.<br />
<br />
====TWS Auto Mode====<br />
Performing similarly to TWS Man mode, what differs between the two is that in TWS auto the computer takes control of used scan volume and scan pattern azimuth and elevation as soon as target tracks are present. The WCS computer automatically tries to optimize the scan volume and direction so that tracking of the prioritized targets is maximized. If not selected before launch the WCS overrides as soon as the first AIM-54 is launched and selects TWS Auto.<br />
<br />
====Pulse Search Mode====<br />
[[File:f14 pulse.png|thumb|350px]]<br />
Pulse search is used to search for and find airborne targets at range. It is possible to use this radar mode as a basic ground mapper as well which can be useful for navigation and navigational fixes and can also be used in a pinch to detect larger surface targets like ships. Keep in mind though that the radar is not built with this as its main function and that a real air-to-ground radar will outperform it handily.<br />
<br />
In this mode, the radar cannot by itself differentiate targets and generate tracks meaning that the WCS will not generate track files and display anything on the TID. This also means that pulse search is not capable of guiding missiles.<br />
<br />
====Pulse STT Mode====<br />
[[File:f14 pstt.png|thumb|350px]]<br />
Pulse STT is used to track a single target, like pulse search mode it is not susceptible to notching but it is to ground clutter. The fact that the STT modes use gates to track the target, in this case, range gates, means that it is less susceptible to ground clutter but a target close enough to the ground that the ground return enters the range gates would be likely to shake the lock.<br />
<br />
As it is only in the pulse-doppler modes that the missile guidance commands can be sent pulse STT is limited to launching AIM-7s in CW mode and AIM-54s in an active launch mode limiting their ranges. At short ranges, ACM ranges, it is possible to use the ASPECT switch to set what aspect of the target to track, this is just to counter different types of countermeasures. As an example, if set to NOSE the radar will be less susceptible to chaff as the radar weights its track towards the targets leading-edge (nose) away from the chaff being launched behind the target.<br />
<br />
A successful track is indicated by the ANT TRK and RDROT indicator lights on the DDD, meaning that the antenna is tracking the target and that the target is within the range gates. If the target is jamming with sufficient strength, negating a range track, the radar will transition to a jam angle track instead, indicated by the JAT indicator light on the DDD illuminating instead of the RDROT. When range tracking is again possible at closer ranges the radar will transition to that instead.<br />
<br />
The DDD in this mode will be similar to the pulse search mode but the antenna will be locked onto the target and not scan. Additionally, the DDD will show the range gates around the target, a closing rate symbol at the right scale and applicable attack symbology if a valid missile is selected.<br />
<br />
===Anti-Jamming Modes===<br />
Not yet implemented.<br />
<br />
===AN/APX-76 IFF Interrogator===<br />
The AN/APX-76 IFF (Identification Friend or Foe) interrogator is integrated into the AN/AWG-9 operation. Then interrogator antenna itself is located on the AN/AWG-9 antenna gimbal platform. An IFF system works by sending out an interrogation pulse and then listening for returns from cooperating transponders. In addition to the unencrypted civilian mode the AN/APX-76 is capable of interrogating in the encrypted military mode 4. This ensures that targets replying to mode 4 interrogations are indeed friendly. The AN/APX-76 can be used both in search radar modes and in STT radar modes. To enable interrogation the IFF switch is depressed on the Detail Data Display Panel which then activates the interrogator for as long as the button is held up to 10 seconds max.<br />
<br />
When enabled IFF received IFF returns are then overlaid on the normal AN/AWG-9 radar returns on the DDD. A friendly target will be indicated with two bars, one above and one below the normal radar return. As the AN/APX-76 is a separate radar, secondary mode, radar apart from the AWG-9 the IFF can sometimes also detect targets not detected by the AWG-9. In this case the IFF return will not have a radar echo inside it. In the search mode this is overlaid over each target replying and in STT over the STT target. Additionally, if the STT target is hooked on the TID the DDD will switch from normal range display to a ±10 NM display to enable display of multiple returns in case of closely grouped targets.<br />
<br />
==HAFU/Datalink==<br />
[[File:HAFU.png|right|80px]]<br />
Hostile, Ambiguous, Friendly or Unknown (HAFU) is a symbology system used by the F/A-18 to represent trackfiles; specifically, to show its status as a friendly or hostile. It is usually what trackfiles are displayed as across the software.<br />
<br />
There are four HAFU symbols:<br />
*'''Triangle:''' Hostile (red when colored)<br />
*'''Thick Staple:''' Ambiguous (yellow when colored)<br />
*'''Half-Circle:''' Friendly (green when colored)<br />
*'''Thin Staple:''' Unknown (yellow when colored)<br />
<br />
<br />
All types except ambiguous can be manually assigned via the [[#SA Format|Situational Awareness]] format. Tracks will also be automatically identified as explained below.<br />
<br />
A hostile HAFU will be assigned whenever:<br />
* A negative IFF response is returned, and<br />
** An NCTR print returns with an aircraft type that is on the hostile coalition; or<br />
** A SURV (surveillance, like an AWACS) source over datalink also marks it hostile; or<br />
** A F/F (fighter-fighter, like another F/A-18) source over datalink also marks it hostile.<br />
<br />
<br />
An ambiguous HAFU will be assigned when the aircraft and a donor have conflicting identifications (friendly and hostile).<br />
<br />
A friendly HAFU will be assigned whenever an IFF interrogation returns as friendly or the track itself is contributed to by the Precise Participant Location and Identification (PPLI) system.<br />
<br />
An unknown HAFU will be assigned by default until it is updated by meeting one of the requirements above.<br />
<br />
=Air-to-Air Weapons=<br />
----<br />
This area will cover over all the different air-to-air weapons brought with the F-14B Tomcat.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Air Gun==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat is outfitted with the M61A1 Vulcan 6-barreled Gatling cannon, being able to hold up a maximum of 675 rounds internally.<br />
<br />
===Gun Rates===<br />
The cannon offers 2 modes of combat in the F-14B: <br />
<br />
* '''LOW:''' mode which slows down the muzzle rate, used for Air-to-Ground.<br />
* '''HIGH:''' mode which is to be used for Basic Fighter Maneuvering. (BFM)<br />
<br />
===Gun Modes===<br />
The cannon for Air-to-Air mode is able to be placed into 2 following positions:<br />
<br />
* '''Manual:''' this mode is able to be selected by depressing the CAGE/SEAM button, which will then only display the pipper and ammo count.<br />
* '''Real-Time:''' this mode is the regular, default mode. Along with a radar lock, the pipper will calculate to be accurate when directed to the diamond contact box. This will also give a closure rate towards the contact and the range relative to the aircraft.<br />
<br />
===Symbology===<br />
<br />
The symbology for the cannon is displayed on the HUD with the weapon master selector in the GUN position, and display in A/A. By default, the gun rounds indicator will be displayed as 0 for rounds per 100. Located next to the display panel to the right is the gun ammo counter. Additionally, the gunsight elevation is also able to be adjusted underneath the steer commands on the display panel.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Air Missiles==<br />
===AIM-54 Phoenix===<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
====AIM-54A Mk.60====<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
====AIM-54C Mk.47====<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
===AIM-7 Sparrow===<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
===AIM-9 Sidewinder===<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
=Air-to-Ground Weapons=<br />
----<br />
The F-14B Tomcat comes with a variety of air-to-ground weapons after the upgrade to the Bombcat.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Ground Gun==<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Ground Bombs==<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
===Mk-20/81/82/83/84 GPB===<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
===GBU-12/14/16 LGB===<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
===BDU-33 Training Bomb===<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
===ADM-141 TALD===<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Ground Rockets==<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
=Resources=<br />
----<br />
==Manuals & Documents==<br />
* [https://info.publicintelligence.net/F14AAP-1B.pdf F-14B NATOPS Pocket Checklist]<br />
* [http://www.heatblur.se/F-14Manual/ Heatblur F-14 Manual]<br />
<br />
==Heatblur's Videos==<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q1o7E9pb95Y Episode 1: Overview]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OO3IdQjAdDA Episode 2: Pilot's Cockpit Walkaround]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ws1GxPG2ZXw Episode 3: Cold And Dark (Full Startup)]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kgpGO7fj4oU Episode 4: The RIO's Office]<br />
<br />
==Jabbers' Tutorial Videos==<br />
(They're good!)<br />
<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2qwlJs__iYk Pilot - Startup/Taxi/Takeoff with JESTER AI]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b5opjCygZug Pilot - Maneuvering and Flight Characteristics]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f4y2oZ-7rM8 Pilot - Air-to-Air Refueling]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ujk4hL_EnUc Pilot - ACM - Radar Acquisition Modes]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wftck0C3fJ8 Pilot - Weapons - Zuni Rockets with JESTER AI]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4m-Q02gxFEA Pilot - Weapons - AIM-9 Sidewinder]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SWeHtpJ00JI RIO - Startup]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r4-Dd4ss2Rc RIO - AWG-9 Radar]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YG7sWweg2RQ RIO - IFF Interrogation]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2q-bHFyTEr8 Overview - AIM-54C Mk.47 Phoenix - Tacview Debrief]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PyAQpqVhtBY Overview - AIM-54A Mk.60 Phoenix - Tacview Debrief]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4groy-_Bxfk Quick Tips - AIM-54 Phoenix]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Is3AtOX-abw Quick Tips - Bombing]</div>Siriushttps://wiki.hoggitworld.com/index.php?title=File:F14_gun_aa.png&diff=10596File:F14 gun aa.png2019-09-06T00:14:57Z<p>Sirius: </p>
<hr />
<div></div>Siriushttps://wiki.hoggitworld.com/index.php?title=F-14A/B&diff=10595F-14A/B2019-09-06T00:14:08Z<p>Sirius: /* Gun Modes */</p>
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<br />
''Credits to Jak for having the [[F/A-18C]] page serve as a guide and filler content on related systems.''<br />
<br />
The Grumman '''F-14A/B''' Tomcat is a two-seat, twin-engine supersonic variable wing-sweep fighter aircraft. The F-14 was the first US fighter jet with twin tails and was the largest & heaviest US fighter to ever fly from an aircraft carrier. The reason that the F-14 was so incredibly large and heavy was that it carried the large AWG-9 radar and accompanying AIM-54 Phoenix (air-to-air) missiles: this very capable combination allowed the F-14 to make shots of up to 200 nautical miles at the bad guys. Also, being big means you can carry a lot of fuel!<br />
<br />
Of course, the practical range of the AWG-9 is rather more limited, especially if you are shooting at more maneuverable fighter-sized targets, but even at these closer ranges, the AIM-54 Phoenix is still a capable missile that should not be underestimated. The F-14 is also capable of carrying an array of air-to-ground weapons, such as dumb bombs in both high and low drag forms, air-to-ground Zuni rockets and even laser-guided bombs, which can be self-designated using the LANTIRN targeting pod on the F-14.<br />
<br />
Most people will recognize and adore the F-14 because of its stardom presence in that one weird volleyball movie from the '80s. Its on-screen presence in movies will make the F-14 to appear docile and easy to fly, but due to lack of a fly-by-wire the F-14 can be a real handful: it being a pilot's aircraft however makes it fun to fly and learn. The analogous nature of the F-14 (comparable to the F-5E II Tigershark) will give you a good knowledge of the airplane over time but requires a bit of a different mindset that the computerized flight of the F/A-18C and the F-15.<br />
<br />
__TOC__<br />
<br />
=Weapons List=<br />
----<br />
==Implemented==<br />
Partially or fully implemented weapons of the F14/A/B Tomcat:<br />
* M61 Vulcan Six-Barreled Gatling Gun<br />
* AIM-7M/F Sparrow<br />
* CAP/AIM-9M Sidewinder<br />
* AIM-54A Phoenix Mk. 60<br />
* AIM-54C Phoenix Mk. 47<br />
* Mk-81, 82, 83, and 84 <br />
* GBU-10, 12, 16, and 24 <br />
* MK-20 Rockeye<br />
* Zuni Rockets<br />
* BDU-33 Practice Bombs<br />
* ADM-141 TALD<br />
* LUU-2 Parachute Flare<br />
* Smokewinder<br />
* LANTIRN Pod<br />
* FPU-1 Fuel Tank<br />
<br />
==Planned==<br />
Weapons not yet implemented into the Tomcat:<br />
* TARPS Pod<br />
<br />
=Hands On Throttle And Stick (HOTAS)=<br />
----<br />
==Throttle==<br />
[[File:throttle.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The throttle of the F-14 Tomcat consists of 2 quadrants, both for the left and right engines. There is an afterburner detent along with a cutoff detent for maximum throttle and shutdown of the engine for each quadrant.<br />
<br />
The throttle has the following controls:<br />
# '''Speed Brake Switch:''' 2-position switch. "EXT" is a momentary and needed input position that extends the speed brake outward depending on the aircraft speed.<br />
# '''Wing Sweep Switch:''' 4-way hat switch. "AUTO" sets the wing to sweep automatically determined by an onboard computer, "BOMB" sets the wing to sweep in an angled position between fully extended and retracted and dependent on speed for the air-to-ground bombing.<br />
# '''PLM Button:''' multifunction button. When the steering command is in A2A mode, this acts as a pilot lock-on tool for the AWG-9 radar. But when used for landing and/or in the LDG steering command mode, this allows for disengagement of the ACLS.<br />
# '''CAGE/SEAM Button:''' multifunction button. When the steering command is in A2A mode, this allows for CAGE/SEAM lock-on of the AIM-9 Sidewinder. But when used for landing and/or in the LDG steering command mode, this allows for disengagement of the APC.<br />
# '''Exterior Light Switch:''' 2-position switch. Used to toggle the exterior lights of the aircraft.<br />
# '''ICS PTT Switch:''' 2-position switch. Acts as a push-to-talk system for the ICS system inside of the aircraft used between the Pilot and RIO. (or JESTER AI)<br />
<br />
==Control Stick==<br />
[[File:stick.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The control stick is located in the center of the cockpit, mounted onto the floor. Left and right movements of the control stick direct hydraulic movement to the spoilers and horizontal stabilizers of the aircraft. Forward and backward movement result to respectively the same but to the horizontal stabilizers.<br />
<br />
The control stick has the following controls:<br />
# '''Bomb Release Button:''' single-purpose button. When pressed in A2G steering command mode, all pylons selected with bombs will release respective of the ripple settings, type, and interval.<br />
# '''Trim Hat:''' 4-way hat switch. Upward movement moves the aircraft downward, and downward movement moves the aircraft upward. Both left and right movements follow to their directions according to their name.<br />
# '''Weapon Select Hat:''' 4-way hat switch. Bottom selection is OFF, and a ridge requires a momentary push action to move in/out of to GUN. Following all to the top are SW, then SP/PH which requires a momentary push action to switch between.<br />
# '''DLC & Maneuver Flap Command Wheel:''' scrollable dial. Moving it with the landing gears fully deployed acts as a variable control for spoiler extension. With the landing gears up, the dial also acts the same but for flaps and slats.<br />
# '''DLC Engage/Disengage & CMS Dispense Button:''' multifunction button. When pressed with the landing gears fully deployed, this controls the engagement and disengagement of the DLC system. But with the landing gears fully retracted, this allows for pilot control of the CMS system.<br />
# '''Autopilot Reference & NWS Button:''' multifunction button. When the aircraft is up in the air, this controls specific autopilot settings. But when the aircraft is on the ground, this controls the activation of the nosewheel steering system.<br />
# '''Autopilot Emergency Disengage Paddle:''' multifunction button. Disengages all autopilot modes and DLC and releases all autopilot switches and roll and pitch SAS switches to OFF position.<br />
# '''Weapon Firing Trigger:''' two-stage trigger switch. The first detent enables CTVS and gun camera. Second detent releases selected forwards firing the weapon.<br />
<br />
=Flight Controls & Landing Gear=<br />
----<br />
==Flight Controls==<br />
[[File:Wheels-flaps.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The F-14B has a large hydraulic system which covers for all of the control surfaces of the aircraft. Without the hydraulic system, or taking damage the controls are in risk of improperly working. The F-14 Tomcat was the last of its generation to have no integration of an FBW or FCS system, which was introduced with the F-15 Eagle.<br />
<br />
The F-14's primary flight controls are:<br />
* '''Left Spoilers (LES):''' A set of spoilers that lie within the left wing of the aircraft that help with aileron movement and control that react opposite of the intended direction.<br />
* '''Right Spoilers (RES):''' A set of spoilers that lie within the right wing of the aircraft that help with aileron movement and control that react opposite of the intended direction.<br />
* '''Tailerons (TAIL):''' Two horizontal stabilizers located on the rear end of the aircraft that control both pitch and aileron movement.<br />
* '''Leading Edge Flaps (LEF):''' Normal slats located on the leading (front) edge of the wings to add lift.<br />
* '''Trailing Edge Flaps (TEF):''' Normal flaps located on the trailing (back) edge of the wings to add lift.<br />
<br />
<br />
The control stick controls the stabilators, ailerons, and rudder and the rudder pedals control the rudder.<br />
<br />
===Flaps System===<br />
The aircraft's flap system provides more lift (and as a byproduct, drag). The flaps lever has two positions:<br />
* '''NONE:''' This applies no flap whatsoever to the wings of the aircraft.<br />
* '''FULL:''' This applies full movement of flaps to the wings of the aircraft.<br />
<br />
<br />
The flaps lever allows for variable movement, which gives the pilot the ability to control the amount of flap they wish for.<br />
<br />
===Speed Brake===<br />
The speed brake is a flap located on the end of the aircraft designed to provide drag to decelerate faster. It is activated via the speed brake switch on the throttle. The two positions are:<br />
* '''EXT:''' When the switch is moved aft, this extends the speed brake of the aircraft out depending on the airspeed.<br />
* '''RET:''' When the switch is moved forward, this retracts the speed brake.<br />
<br />
===Trim===<br />
The tailerons are capable of being trimmed to make roll and pitch corrections. This is accomplished with the trim hat on the controls stick. When the autopilot system is engaged, the onboard computer will attempt to make active trim movements in order to keep the aircraft within the specified attitude when set, along of the setting parameters. As speed is either gained or lost, the trim will actively move the stick as well along of the tailerons to adapt.<br />
<br />
===Wing Sweep===<br />
The wings of the aircraft are a variable-sweep design allowing for automatic or manual movements from pilot input on the right throttle quadrant. Similar to wing fold, the wings are able to be overswept from its maximum position through a master reset of the system in order to allow tighter space and closer parking on the carrier deck.<br />
<br />
==Landing Gear==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat has 3 retractable landing gears: the nose gear, the left gear, and the right gear. The gear is moved via the gear lever on the left side of the cockpit. In the up position, the gear will retract. In the down position, the gear will extend. The gear lever cannot be put up with weight on wheels. The gear will not retract with the launch bar extended.<br />
<br />
===Nosewheel Steering===<br />
The nose gear features nosewheel steering (NWS) controlled by the rudder pedals. With the weight off of the wheels, it is disengaged. It automatically engages upon there being the weight on wheels. NWS is disengaged manually via the button on the stick.<br />
<br />
===Launch Bar===<br />
On the front nosegear is a launch bar that attaches the airplane to a catapult from launches from an aircraft carrier. Its deployment is pilot-controlled, but it is connected to the catapult by the ground crew (DCS default binding is U).<br />
<br />
It is controlled via the launch bar switch on the left upper console. When the switch in the RETRACT position, the launch bar will retract, but physically cannot do so when connected to the catapult. The switch will move to the RETRACT position automatically when there is a weight off wheels. In the EXTEND position, the launch bar will extend if there is the weight on wheels.<br />
<br />
=Autopilot and Autothrottle=<br />
----<br />
The F-14 Tomcat has the ability to automate certain types of flight via its Automatic Flight Control System (AFCS) and Automatic Throttle Control (ATC). The AFCS, or simply the autopilot, control the flight surfaces and the ATC controls the throttles.<br />
<br />
==AFCS==<br />
[[File:afcs.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The Automatic Flight Control System (AFCS), or just the "autopilot", controls the aircraft's flight controls to automate maneuvering. It is interfaced on the autopilot panel via the A/P engage switch. On the autopilot panel, there are 7 modes able to be toggled:<br />
# '''Pitch Stabilizer Augmentation:''' 2-position switch. This switch controls the ability for the pitch to be augmented for dampening.<br />
# '''Roll Stabilizer Augmentation:''' 2-position switch. This switch controls the ability for the roll to be augmented for dampening.<br />
# '''Yaw Stabilizer Augmentation:''' 2-position switch. This switch controls the ability for the yaw to be augmented for dampening.<br />
# '''VEC/PCD/ACL Switch:''' 3-position switch. This switch controls the remote control modes of autopilot with the steering bars and ACLS.<br />
# '''ALT Switch:''' 2-position switch.' This switch controls the ability to maintain the current altitude when autopilot is engaged.<br />
# '''HDG/GT Switch:''' 3-position switch. This switch controls the ability to maintain the current heading when autopilot is engaged.<br />
# '''ENGAGE Switch:''' 2-position switch. This switch engages and disengages the autopilot.<br />
<br />
==ATC==<br />
The automatic throttle control (ATC), or just "autothrottle", controls the physical throttles and thereby automated thrust control. ATC is toggled via ATC engage/disengage switch next to the throttle. When the ATC is engaged, the physical means of the throttle quadrants will begin to move on their own. However, whenever the pilot makes any new movement to the throttle whatsoever, the ATC will disengage to allow pilot control over both of the engines. The ATC is primarily used for landing on a carrier along of the ACLS system.<br />
<br />
=Digital Systems Overview=<br />
----<br />
[[File:displays.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
==Pilot==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat comes with 2 digital display screens in the Pilot cockpit:<br />
* '''Vertical Display Indicator (VDI):''' a multifunction display that allows for the pilot to see their HUD in a form of a repeater, and the [[#Television Camera Set|TCS]].<br />
* '''Horizontal Situation Display Indicator (HSD):''' a multifunction display that allows for the pilot to see their virtual compass for navigation modes, and the [[#AWG-9 Pulse-Doppler Radar|AWG-9 Radar]] from the RIO TID as a repeater.<br />
<br />
===Heads Up Display===<br />
The head-up display (HUD) is a projected display at the front of the cockpit that serves as the primary flight instrument. It also provides various indications for weapon delivery; this section will cover the HUD's indications in NAV master mode. Master mode/weapon-specific indications on the HUD will be covered in the relevant section.<br />
<br />
====Reject Modes====<br />
Via the switches next to the TO button on the displays panel, you are able to "declutter" or remove information off of the HUD.<br />
<br />
==Radar Intercept Officer==<br />
The Radar Intercept Officer (RIO) comes with 3 digital display screens in the RIO cockpit:<br />
* '''Detail Data Display (DDD):''' a dual-purpose display that allows for the RIO to see contacts on the [[#AWG-9 Pulse-Doppler Radar|radar]], based on the range and radar mode.<br />
* '''Tactical Information Display (TID):''' a multi-purpose display that allows for the RIO to see their [[#AWG-9 Pulse-Doppler Radar|AWG-9]] situational awareness, [[#Television Camera Set|TCS]], [[#TARPS Pod|TARPS]] and [[#LANTIRN Targeting Pod|LANTIRN]] pods.<br />
* '''Horizontal Situation Display Indicator (HSD):''' a multi-purpose display as to the one in the pilot cockpit.<br />
<br />
==Master Modes==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat has 5 primarily modes for information displayed. The 5 master modes are:<br />
* '''TO:''' switch. Displays takeoff information on HUD and VDI for degrees.<br />
* '''CRUISE:''' single-purpose button. Displays in-air flight information on HUD and VDI for degrees.<br />
* '''A/A:''' single-purpose button. Displays air-to-air information on HUD and VDI for degrees; and weapon employment.<br />
* '''A/G:''' single-purpose button. Displays air-to-ground information on HUD and VDI for degrees; and weapon employment.<br />
* '''LDG:''' single-purpose button. Displays landing information on HUD and VDI for degrees.<br />
<br />
<br />
Additionally, the F-14 Tomcat has an Air Combat Maneuver (ACM) panel which controls all air-to-air and air-to-ground aspects for armament.<br />
<br />
=Navigation=<br />
----<br />
The F-14 Tomcat has an inertial navigation system (INS) that allows the pilot to navigate by internal gyros aligned. However, due to the fault of having no GPS assistance, these gyros slowly drift over time and cause misalignment for visual information.<br />
<br />
==HSD==<br />
[[File:Hsd.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The Horizontal Situation Display Indicator (HSD) is the primary interface with the airplane's navigation systems. The HSI can be accessed from the bottom display screen. The basic function of the HSI is a rotating compass with a looking-from-above perspective. The controls for this screen are:<br />
# '''BRT Control:''' dial. Controls the brightness of the HSD screen.<br />
# '''HDG Control:''' dial. Controls the heading reference in TACAN mode.<br />
# '''CRS Control:''' dial. Controls the course heading reference in MAN and TACAN modes.<br />
# '''Test Button:''' single-purpose button. Resets the HSD screen if overload protection activates.<br />
# '''BIT Indicator:''' light. Shows a white light if a failure produces in the HSD.<br />
<br />
=== Steering Commands ===<br />
The HSD comes with a set of 5 different steering commands, which each have their own purpose towards displaying certain information:<br />
* '''TACAN:''' single-purpose button. Displays information based off of a radio beacon with range and direction.<br />
* '''DEST:''' single-purpose button. Displays information off of a selected waypoint from the RIO with range and direction.<br />
* '''AWL/PCD:''' single-purpose button. Displays information off of an ICLS frequency with azimuth and elevation bars (on VDI and HUD)<br />
* '''VEC:''' single-purpose button. ? (needs more info.)<br />
* '''MAN:''' single-purpose button. Displays information off of an entered heading (HDG Control) with direction.<br />
<br />
==Waypoints==<br />
The F-14B comes with an onboard flight computer system that handles waypoint navigation during in-air flight. The navigation system in the F-14B Tomcat gives a variety of waypoint holders, along with information for a set home plate.<br />
<br />
===Pilot===<br />
For the F-14B pilot, the waypoint information is able to be accessed by the DEST steering command and by using the NAV HSD display mode.<br />
<br />
===Radar Intercept Officer===<br />
For the F-14B Radar Intercept Officer, (RIO) the waypoints must be manually assigned by the RIO through the Computer Address Panel (CAP) system under the TAC DATA category. Once done, the waypoint must be selected through the CAP and entered in with coordinates similar to how INS alignment procedures are done.<br />
<br />
==TACAN==<br />
Tactical Air Navigation (TACAN) is a military radio navigation system. A TACAN beacon allows for an aircraft to determine its bearing and range from it, and using this information can navigate. TACAN's may be ground-based or be broadcasted by an airplane. TACAN channels have two bands, X and Y, and range from 1-126. 2 TACAN channels may be set present in the aircraft by both the Pilot and RIO for simultaneous use.<br />
<br />
The TACAN setting knobs give a range of these options:<br />
*'''T/R:''' Transmit and receive. Gets bearing and range from the TACAN.<br />
*'''RCV:''' Receive. Gets bearing from the TACAN.<br />
*'''A/A:''' Air-to-air TACAN mode.<br />
*'''X:''' Tunes the selected frequency on the X band.<br />
*'''Y:''' Tunes the selected frequency on the Y band.<br />
<br />
==ICLS==<br />
For night and low visibility operations, aircraft carriers have an Instrument Carrier Landing System (ICLS) to allow for instrument approaches to the carrier. ICLS provides horizontal and vertical guidance. The F-14 is equipped with ICLS.<br />
<br />
To activate the airplane's ICLS antenna, an ICLS dial is present to the right of the warning lights advisory panel, with an ARA on/off switch, used to toggle power to the system.<br />
<br />
When ILS is selected on the HSI, two bars, one horizontal and one vertical, appear near the velocity vector on the HUD. These indicate a vertical and horizontal deviation from the optimal glideslope (3°) and course to the deck. When they are both aligned with the velocity vector (making a "+"), the aircraft is on course.<br />
<br />
==ACLS==<br />
For CAT III conditions and poor visibility, the F-14 is equipped with the Automatic Carrier Landing System (ACLS) to allow an automatic flight to the carrier via. a radio-guided input from a Landing Signal Officer. (LSO) The auto-throttle and autopilot systems must be engaged and present during the time of activation with this system, along with lights given to the left of the VDI display.<br />
<br />
Datalink is required between the aircraft and the carrier in order for ACLS to work. When the best position of the azimuth and glideslope bars are within parameters, the nosewheel steering button is pressed in order to engage guidance.<br />
<br />
==Navigation Failures==<br />
The F-14B has a variety of navigation failures that may/can occur, including methods to fix them.<br />
<br />
===Navigation Fix Update===<br />
An error of latitude or longitude in the computer position of the aircraft can be corrected by a navigation fix update. Updating is especially important in the backup modes (AHRS AM and IMU/ AM) because of the estimated winds and magnetic variation changes. A nav fix is done via a ground-reference-point (latitude and longitude) position. The range and bearing of this position to the present aircraft position are used to update or correct existing values. The nav system may be updated by either a radar fix, a TACAN fix, or a visual fix.<br />
<br />
Before performing a nav fix, the latitude and longitude of the desired update point (radar, TACAN, or visual) must be stored in one of eight navigation point locations (three WPs, FIX PT, HOME BASE, HOST AREA, DEF PT, and IP). This data can be stored prior to flight by data link or by manual insertion. Then follow these steps:<br />
<br />
# Hook the Waypoint you choose to select for the nav fix.<br />
# Check the stored latitude and longitude on the TID.<br />
# Rotate the CATEGORY switch to NAV and select the desired type of update.<br />
<br />
<br />
Note that updating the position while in INS, and to a lesser degree while in IMU, can introduce a greater navigational position error than already present, in particular, if radar fix is used to update the nav system. Updates with a visual or TACAN fix provide reasonable accuracy (assuming a good MAG VAR during TACAN updates). Updating your nav system via a nav fix should be primarily used in the AHRS mode.<br />
<br />
===Radar Fix Update===<br />
An RDR FIX may be selected before or after positioning the DDD cursors. If the RDR FIX button is depressed, the computer computes the present position of the aircraft by measuring the range and bearing from the selected point. The delta between the computer position and the position determined by the INS is then displayed on the TID. If the entry of this delta into the navigation computations is desired, press the FIX ENABLE button. If the delta does not appear to be correct, the computer and the readout can be cleared by pressing the RDR FIX button. The fix may then be attempted again. The RIO should also perform periodic checks of own aircraft system altitude and update the altitude if necessary.<br />
<br />
Radar updating is performed as follows:<br />
<br />
# TID CURSOR/CAP - Hook Desired Navigation Point for Update.<br />
# PULSE SRCH button - Depress.<br />
# On sensor control panel: STAB switch - IN. EL BARS switch - 1. AZ SCAN switch - As Desired.<br />
# RDR FIX button - Depress.<br />
# DDD CURSOR button - Depress.<br />
# Action switch - Half Action (first detent).<br />
# Cursor is displayed on DDD.<br />
# Manipulate hand control DDD cursor over desired ground map point.<br />
# Action switch - Full Action and Release. (This will cause the DDD cursor to remain at the selected position.<br />
# Observe the delta for LAT and LONG on TID.<br />
# If readouts are unsatisfactory, deselect RDR FIX and repeat steps 4 through 12.<br />
# FIX ENABLE button - Depress.<br />
<br />
===TACAN Update===<br />
To perform a nav fix by TACAN requires that a restored waypoint shares identical LAT and LONG values with the TACAN station that will be used for the fix. Select the TACAN channel for the desired station and verify by listening to the coded identifier tone in the headset.<br />
<br />
Press the TACAN FIX button to update the aircraft position from a TACAN station. The WCS computer then calculates the own aircraft position error based on the range and bearing from the TACAN station. The delta is then entered in the same manner as with a radar fix.<br />
<br />
Perform a TACAN fix following these steps:<br />
<br />
# Select a TACAN channel whose latitude and longitude correspond to an update point.<br />
# Hook desired update point (WAYPT 1, FIX PT, HOME BASE, etc.).<br />
# CATEGORY switch - NAV.<br />
# TACAN FIX button - Depress.<br />
# Observe present position delta readout.<br />
# If delta is unsatisfactory, deselect TACAN FIX and repeat steps 2 through 7.<br />
# FIX ENABLE button - Depress.<br />
<br />
===Visual Update===<br />
To perform a visual fix, fly over a restored waypoint and press the VIS FIX button. Estimate your timing, because the aircraft nose and fuselage can obscure the fixed point during an overflight. It is also difficult to estimate when directly overhead a waypoint if the aircraft altitude is greater than 10.000 feet. The delta for the visual fix is displayed on the TID. Enter the delta by pressing FIX ENABLE.<br />
<br />
To perform a visual fix use the following steps:<br />
<br />
# Hook desired update point (WAY PT, HB, IP, etc.).<br />
# Select NAV category on CAP.<br />
# Overfly the selected restored point and when over the point, depress the VIS FIX button on the cap.<br />
# If the delta is not satisfactory, press VIS FIX again to clear the delta and repeat from step 1.<br />
# If a satisfactory delta is displayed, depress the FIX ENABLE button; this causes the delta correction of own-aircraft position to be inserted into the computer.<br />
<br />
===Datalink Update===<br />
To perform a data link update of the aircraft INS to the TDS frame of reference, the aircraft and TDS must share a prebriefed waypoint, identical in latitude and longitude. Enter this LAT/LONG data into the HOST AREA pseudo target file. The TDS will uplink the common reference point as a data link waypoint. When the aircraft and TDS INS systems agree, the data link waypoint and host area symbols will be superimposed on the TID. If they drift apart, the two pseudo targets on the TID will drift as well.<br />
<br />
To perform an update via data link, use the following steps:<br />
<br />
# Hook data link waypoint corresponding prebriefed reference point.<br />
# Select NAV category on CAP.<br />
# Overfly the hooked data link waypoint. When immediately over the point, press VIS FIX button on CAP.<br />
# Observe delta LAT and LONG on TID.<br />
# If deltas are satisfactory and update is desired, depress FIX ENABLE.<br />
# After a data link update, HOST AREA and data link waypoint should be superimposed on the TID again.<br />
<br />
===Fighter-to-Fighter Navigation Update===<br />
Net aircraft that use fighter-to-fighter data link can update their navigation system in the FF/DL mode. To update LAT/LONG hook the net aircraft symbol of an aircraft that is in close proximity and select F/F NAV UPDATE on the CAP. This will enter the hooked aircraft’s coordinates into the INS as own-aircraft coordinates. To update the nav system on an aircraft that is not close, first obtain a radar STT on that aircraft, hook the STT-ed aircraft on the TID and then press F/F NAV UPDATE on the CAP.<br />
<br />
=Defensive Systems=<br />
----<br />
The F-14B is equipped with various defensive systems: the AN/ALE-39 Countermeasure Dispensing System (CMDS), for the release of chaff and flares, the AN/ALQ-126 Deception ECM (DECM), for jamming enemy radar, and the AN/ALR-67 Radar Warning Reciever (RWR), for detection of enemy radar emitters and missile launches.<br />
<br />
==AN/ALR-67 RWR==<br />
[[File:alr-67.png|thumb|400px]]<br />
The AN/ALR-67 Radar Warning Receiver (RWR) provides the Hornet the ability to detect radars via the radio/microwave radiation they emit.<br />
<br />
===Audio Tones===<br />
Accompanying the RWR are various audio feedback tones:<br />
*'''Single Beep:''' A new ground- or sea-based emitter has been detected.<br />
*'''Double Beep:''' A new airborne emitter has been detected.<br />
*'''Repeating Beep:''' An emitter is tracking.<br />
*'''Faster Repeating Beep:''' An emitter is guiding a missile or is a missile.<br />
<br />
<br />
On the RWR gauge, the RWR knob will control the volume of the RWR tones.<br />
<br />
===Emitter Identifiers===<br />
''This list is, at present, not complete.''<br />
{|class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"<br />
!Type<br />
!RWR ID<br />
|-<br />
|U<br />
|Unknown<br />
|-<br />
|M<br />
|Active radar-homing missile<br />
|-<br />
|S<br />
|Search radar<br />
|-<br />
|3<br />
|SA-3 "Goa"<br />
|-<br />
|6<br />
|SA-6 "Gainful"<br />
|-<br />
|8<br />
|SA-8 "Gecko"<br />
|-<br />
|10<br />
|SA-10 "Grumble"<br />
|-<br />
|11<br />
|SA-11 "Gadfly"<br />
|-<br />
|11<br />
|F-111 Aardvark<br />
|-<br />
|12<br />
|SA-12 "Gladiator"<br />
|-<br />
|13<br />
|SA-13 "Gopher"<br />
|-<br />
|13<br />
|C-130 Hercules<br />
|-<br />
|14<br />
|F-14 Tomcat<br />
|-<br />
|15<br />
|F-15 Eagle<br />
|-<br />
|15 <br />
|SA-15 "Gauntlet"<br />
|-<br />
|16<br />
|F-16 Fighting Falcon<br />
|-<br />
|17<br />
|C-17 Globemaster III<br />
|-<br />
|18<br />
|F/A-18 Hornet<br />
|-<br />
|22<br />
|Tu-22 "Blinder"<br />
|-<br />
|23<br />
|MiG-23 "Flogger"<br />
|-<br />
|24<br />
|Su-24 "Fencer"<br />
|-<br />
|25<br />
|MiG-25 "Foxbat"<br />
|-<br />
|29<br />
|MiG-29 "Fulcrum"<br />
|-<br />
|29<br />
|Su-27 "Flanker"<br />
|-<br />
|29<br />
|Su-33 "Flanker-D"<br />
|-<br />
|30<br />
|Su-30 "Flanker-C"<br />
|-<br />
|31<br />
|MiG-31 "Foxhound"<br />
|-<br />
|34<br />
|Su-34 "Fullback"<br />
|-<br />
|39<br />
|Su-25M "Frogfoot"<br />
|-<br />
|40<br />
|''Spruance''-class destroyer<br />
|-<br />
|48<br />
|''Nimitz''-class carrier<br />
|-<br />
|49<br />
|''Oliver Hazard Perry''-class frigate<br />
|-<br />
|50<br />
|A-50 "Mainstay"<br />
|-<br />
|52<br />
|B-52 Stratofortress<br />
|-<br />
|76<br />
|IL-76 "Candid"<br />
|-<br />
|78<br />
|IL-78 "Midas"<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==AN/ALE-39 CMDS==<br />
[[File:f14 cms.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The AN/ALE-39 is the countermeasures dispensing set installed in the F-14B in this simulation. It controls its own set of launchers located between the engine nozzles on the underside of the so-called beaver-tail. The launchers each have two sections, one containing 10 cartridges and the other 20. They are referred to the left and right dispensers even though the left is really the front one and the right the back one with both being mounted inline on the left side of the tailhook. This is a remnant from the earliest model F-14s carrying the AN/ALE-29.<br />
<br />
This all sums up to a capacity of 60 cartridges in the system with each section necessarily holding one type of cartridges meaning that any combination of cartridges is possible as long as each type’s quantity is a multiple of 10. The system itself has no real knowledge of what is loaded where so incorrectly programming the system can lead to the wrong type of cartridge being ejected.<br />
<br />
===Cockpit Controls===<br />
The system itself can be operated manually from the control panel in the RIO pit or the DLC thumbwheel on the pilot stick when the flaps lever is in the up position. It is also capable of running programmed sequences of ejection which in turn can be initiated manually by the RIO from the control panel or the direction hats mounted on the handhold over the DDD. In addition, the AN/ALR-67 can also initiate the chaff ejection program if set up correctly on the AN/ALE-39 control panel.<br />
<br />
==AN/ALQ-126 DECM==<br />
The AN/ALQ-126 deception jammer is designed to detect radar threats, analyze them, select the optimum countermeasure technique available and apply it. Available techniques for jamming are amongst others, main lobe blanking, inverse con-scan, range-gate pull-off and swept square modes. In DCS this is modeled as a simple noise jammer due to engine limitations but controlled by the DECM logic as to when it’s on or off.<br />
<br />
===Cockpit Controls===<br />
The controls for the AN/ALQ-126 DECM are all located on the right horizontal panel in the RIO pit, the panel as the image above. In addition, there are two indication lights co-located with the RWR threat indicators on the right side of the TID. The mode selector knob controls power and operational mode that the system is in. The modes for the DECM are as follows:<br />
<br />
* '''OFF:''' turns off power to the system. STBY begins pre-warming of the system, taking in all-around 5 minutes.<br />
* '''TEST HOLD 3 SEC:''' is used to prepare the system for BIT, after 3 seconds in this mode, turn the knob to TEST - ACT.<br />
* '''TEST ACT:''' starts the BIT in the system. The BIT takes approximately 30 seconds and the RCV light will be illuminated the whole time while the XMIT light will flash twice. If the STANDBY light illuminates it indicates that a no-go condition exists in the system.<br />
* '''REC:''' enables the system to receive the only mode, enabling analyzation of threats and also the threat audio.<br />
* '''RPT:''' enables full system functionality, in addition to REC it also now tries to jam threats according to the selected method.<br />
<br />
=Television Camera Set=<br />
----<br />
[[File:tcs_symbology.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The F-14B is outfitted with the ALQ-100 Television Camera Set (TCS) pod, used for visually identifying aircraft during the time of which IFF was not a trusted/more inferior method to confirming hostile aircraft and to keep track of their position, as well as their living status.<br />
<br />
==Symbology==<br />
On the TID, in non-TV mode, a TCS track is indicated by a 1.5” strobe at TCS LOS azimuth with a hollow circle at the end.<br />
<br />
The symbology on the video feed from the TCS has indicators for the FOV and two crosshairs indicating TCS LOS relative own aircraft, GACH, and AN/AWG-9 radar LOS relative TCS LOS, RACH. Additionally, the track window is indicated by 4 small squares representing each corner of that window.<br />
<br />
The gimbal angle crosshairs or GACH, which is a solid cross, indicate deflection of the TCS LOS from the aircraft datum line, ADL. GACH crosshair in the center indicates TCS LOS along ADL and deflection towards the edges indicate deflection towards the gimbal limits with the video edges being maximum deflection.<br />
<br />
RACH or radar angle crosshairs, a dashed crosshair, indicate radar antenna LOS when inside the current TCS FOV. When the sensors slave to one another RACH and GACH will coincide creating a single solid crosshair.<br />
<br />
The track window indicates the area that the TCS contrast tracker is currently locked on to if it has acquired a target. When not in an active track these squares collapse into the center of the display being 2% of the screen width when in manual mode and 5% when in an auto mode.<br />
<br />
=LANTIRN Targeting Pod=<br />
----<br />
[[File:flir.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The F-14B can carry the AN/AAQ-14 Low Altitude Navigation and Targeting Infrared For Night (LANTIRN) targeting pod. This pod consists of a Forward-Looking Infrared (FLIR) camera (which also includes a digital charged coupled device camera) for target locating and observing, a Laser Target Designator/Ranger for firing a laser that both designates targets for laser-homing weapons and gathers ranging information for designating whatever the FLIR is pointed at as an air-to-ground, and a Laser Spot Tracker (LST) which can search for and track a laser, allowing for the FLIR to be cued onto an offboard (ground or air-designated) laser from another unit and then designate a Target off said point; this allows for most effective buddy-lasing. The targeting pod can be used in both air-to-ground and air-to-air functions, but the LTD/R and LST are only used for A/G operation.<br />
<br />
==Symbology==<br />
The following areas on the LANTIRN are to represent:<br />
# '''A/C Position Data:''' Displays aircraft LAT/LON, altitude, and groundspeed information.<br />
# '''LANTIRN Polarity:''' Displays white or hot background. AGC is for automatic gain control, MGC is for manual gain control.<br />
# '''LANTIRN Information:''' Gives general information on the pod. SR is for slant range, AZ/EL for azimuth/elevation of sight, and rest is UTC time.<br />
# '''LANTIRN Track Mode:''' Displays the current tracking mode. A/A is for air-to-air, A/G is for air-to-ground. Right side is for current selected weapon.<br />
# '''Track Data:''' Displays information of LAT/LON and altitude of where the sight is at.<br />
# '''Track:''' Displays the hairs for point and area track, and what the sight is directly pointed at.<br />
# '''Launch Envelopes:''' The top tape is for the heading relative of the aircraft to the track. The right side tape is for the release point.<br />
<br />
=TARPS Pod=<br />
----<br />
Not yet implemented.<br />
<br />
=Air-to-Air Radar=<br />
----<br />
==Detail Data Display==<br />
[[File:f14 ddd.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
Among the 3 digital displays, the Detail Data Display gives the RIO information about contacts from the AWG-9 radar in terms of range and radar mode, with respect to the notch filter.<br />
<br />
===Notch Filter===<br />
The AWG-9 radar in the F-14B Tomcat has a notch filter when using the pulse-doppler radar modes under certain conditions. These conditions include, but are not limited to:<br />
<br />
* ~100 knot difference of the aircraft relative to contact<br />
* Contact flying 90 degrees perpendicular CW/CCW to aircraft<br />
* Masking with ground terrain scan return<br />
<br />
<br />
There is a rough line shown in the radar modes, likewise of the jamming lobe, for when considering the notch filter that the contact will disappear from.<br />
<br />
==Tactical Information Display==<br />
[[File:f14 tid.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The Tactical Information Display (TID) gives the RIO of the F-14B the main information on the AWG-9 radar, including situational awareness, range, altitude, and contact heading.<br />
<br />
===Display Modes===<br />
The TID comes with a total of 8 display modes available, that can be toggled either on or off for purposes of gathering more information or decluttering:<br />
<br />
* '''RID DISABLE:''' ? needs more info. Not yet implemented.<br />
* '''ALT NUM:''' Displays the altitude of contact with a singular digit rounded to the nearest thousand.<br />
* '''SYM ELEM:''' Displays the symbology of contacts corresponding to HAFU.<br />
* '''DATA LINK:''' Displays contacts from the datalink frequency.<br />
* '''JAM STROBE:''' Displays the jamming strobes. Not yet implemented.<br />
* '''NON-ATTK:''' Displays determined (manual IFF or datalink) HAFU of friendly contacts.<br />
* '''VEL VECTOR:''' Displays the velocity vectors of contacts.<br />
* '''LAUNCH ZONE:''' Displays contact approximate missile launch zones.<br />
<br />
==AN/AWG-9 Radar==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat is equipped with the AN/AWG-9 all-weather and pulse-doppler radar. It is a very long-range radar used for the main purpose of intercept.<br />
<br />
===Radar Modes===<br />
The AWG-9 in the F-14B comes with 2 types of radar modes: doppler and pulse-doppler search. Of those two, subsets are able to be observed as 5 in this list:<br />
<br />
* '''PD SRCH:''' Pulse-Doppler Search mode. No bias factor of the radar, but impedes to pulse-doppler methods.<br />
* '''PD STT:''' Pulse-Doppler Single Target Track mode. By default upon acquiring a lock with the AWG-9, the radar will move to this function mode. It is currently suspectable to the notch filter.<br />
* '''RWS:''' Range While Search mode. The radar will prioritize the range of targets but not other factors. Falls under pulse-doppler.<br />
* '''TWS MAN:''' Track While Scan - Manual mode. The radar will prioritize the situational awareness of other targets but not give information on every target. The radar will also prioritize targets by threat importance.<br />
* '''TWS AUTO:''' Track While Scan - Auto mode. The radar will perform the same as TWS Man, but the elevation and azimuth controls will be automated in the process for an optimal scan.<br />
* '''PULSE SRCH:''' Pulse Search mode. No bias factor of the radar and can not be impeded to the notch filter, unlike the pulse-doppler method. The radar will, however, output a return of everything that is scanned and requires tuning.<br />
* '''PULSE STT:''' Pulse Single Target Track mode. Performing similarly to Pulse Search mode, this function mode applies to only a single target and is not suspectable to the notch filter.<br />
<br />
====Pulse-Doppler Search Mode====<br />
[[File:f14 pulsedoppler.png|thumb|350px]]<br />
The pulse-doppler search mode is used mainly as a kind of early warning mode. It is the search mode with the greatest detection range but it can display no range to the RIO, only closure rate. For this reason, the TID can display no track information.<br />
<br />
====Pulse-Doppler STT Mode====<br />
[[File:f14 pdstt.png|thumb|350px]]<br />
The pulse-doppler STT works and looks much like the pulse STT mode. It does, however, have the same advantages and disadvantages compared to pulse STT as the other pulse-doppler modes compared to the pulse modes. This means that while much better at tracking a target close to the ground it is however vulnerable to notching.<br />
<br />
The DDD display for pulse-doppler STT looks like pulse STT display except that the target return and antenna azimuth display are moved to the left side of the screen and a generated synthetic target marker is displayed at the correct azimuth instead. This is so that the targets range can be displayed by the synthetic target, unlike the other pulse-doppler modes which only shows closure rate. The other symbology on the DDD in this mode are the same as in pulse STT.<br />
<br />
====Range While Search Mode====<br />
In range while search, a frequency measuring ranging mode is added (FM ranging) to allow the radar to measure the range of tracked targets in addition to closure rate. This additional processing does, however, mean that the effective range of the radar is somewhat lesser. The display on the DDD is the same as in pulse-doppler search, the TID however also shows tracks in this mode showing the targets as tracks momentarily as they’re scanned and displaying their position and altitude. <br />
<br />
The targets are shown for a maximum of two seconds or until the antenna again scans the same bar at the same azimuth at which time it is removed unless detected again. The maximum number of concurrently shown tracks are 48.<br />
<br />
====TWS Manual Mode====<br />
The track, while scan mode uses the same FM ranging as RWS with the same reduction in range compared to pulse-doppler search and the DDD display, is also the same. The main difference that the computer establishes track files and tracks up to 24 targets concurrently of which 18 can be shown on the TID at any given time.<br />
<br />
As the computer routine calculating these tracks need a set track refresh time of 2 seconds this limits available azimuth scan area and bar settings to either 20° 4 bars or 40° 2 bars. When entering TWS the computer automatically selects the ±20° 4 bar scan disregarding the RIO set scan volumes unless those are set to ±40° 2 bars in which case that is used instead.<br />
<br />
The TWS mode is also the only mode enabling guidance of the AIM-54 at multiple targets (up to six), and as soon as engageable targets are detected the computer starts assigning them a missile priority number according to optimal missile firing sequence.<br />
<br />
====TWS Auto Mode====<br />
Performing similarly to TWS Man mode, what differs between the two is that in TWS auto the computer takes control of used scan volume and scan pattern azimuth and elevation as soon as target tracks are present. The WCS computer automatically tries to optimize the scan volume and direction so that tracking of the prioritized targets is maximized. If not selected before launch the WCS overrides as soon as the first AIM-54 is launched and selects TWS Auto.<br />
<br />
====Pulse Search Mode====<br />
[[File:f14 pulse.png|thumb|350px]]<br />
Pulse search is used to search for and find airborne targets at range. It is possible to use this radar mode as a basic ground mapper as well which can be useful for navigation and navigational fixes and can also be used in a pinch to detect larger surface targets like ships. Keep in mind though that the radar is not built with this as its main function and that a real air-to-ground radar will outperform it handily.<br />
<br />
In this mode, the radar cannot by itself differentiate targets and generate tracks meaning that the WCS will not generate track files and display anything on the TID. This also means that pulse search is not capable of guiding missiles.<br />
<br />
====Pulse STT Mode====<br />
[[File:f14 pstt.png|thumb|350px]]<br />
Pulse STT is used to track a single target, like pulse search mode it is not susceptible to notching but it is to ground clutter. The fact that the STT modes use gates to track the target, in this case, range gates, means that it is less susceptible to ground clutter but a target close enough to the ground that the ground return enters the range gates would be likely to shake the lock.<br />
<br />
As it is only in the pulse-doppler modes that the missile guidance commands can be sent pulse STT is limited to launching AIM-7s in CW mode and AIM-54s in an active launch mode limiting their ranges. At short ranges, ACM ranges, it is possible to use the ASPECT switch to set what aspect of the target to track, this is just to counter different types of countermeasures. As an example, if set to NOSE the radar will be less susceptible to chaff as the radar weights its track towards the targets leading-edge (nose) away from the chaff being launched behind the target.<br />
<br />
A successful track is indicated by the ANT TRK and RDROT indicator lights on the DDD, meaning that the antenna is tracking the target and that the target is within the range gates. If the target is jamming with sufficient strength, negating a range track, the radar will transition to a jam angle track instead, indicated by the JAT indicator light on the DDD illuminating instead of the RDROT. When range tracking is again possible at closer ranges the radar will transition to that instead.<br />
<br />
The DDD in this mode will be similar to the pulse search mode but the antenna will be locked onto the target and not scan. Additionally, the DDD will show the range gates around the target, a closing rate symbol at the right scale and applicable attack symbology if a valid missile is selected.<br />
<br />
===Anti-Jamming Modes===<br />
Not yet implemented.<br />
<br />
===AN/APX-76 IFF Interrogator===<br />
The AN/APX-76 IFF (Identification Friend or Foe) interrogator is integrated into the AN/AWG-9 operation. Then interrogator antenna itself is located on the AN/AWG-9 antenna gimbal platform. An IFF system works by sending out an interrogation pulse and then listening for returns from cooperating transponders. In addition to the unencrypted civilian mode the AN/APX-76 is capable of interrogating in the encrypted military mode 4. This ensures that targets replying to mode 4 interrogations are indeed friendly. The AN/APX-76 can be used both in search radar modes and in STT radar modes. To enable interrogation the IFF switch is depressed on the Detail Data Display Panel which then activates the interrogator for as long as the button is held up to 10 seconds max.<br />
<br />
When enabled IFF received IFF returns are then overlaid on the normal AN/AWG-9 radar returns on the DDD. A friendly target will be indicated with two bars, one above and one below the normal radar return. As the AN/APX-76 is a separate radar, secondary mode, radar apart from the AWG-9 the IFF can sometimes also detect targets not detected by the AWG-9. In this case the IFF return will not have a radar echo inside it. In the search mode this is overlaid over each target replying and in STT over the STT target. Additionally, if the STT target is hooked on the TID the DDD will switch from normal range display to a ±10 NM display to enable display of multiple returns in case of closely grouped targets.<br />
<br />
==HAFU/Datalink==<br />
[[File:HAFU.png|right|80px]]<br />
Hostile, Ambiguous, Friendly or Unknown (HAFU) is a symbology system used by the F/A-18 to represent trackfiles; specifically, to show its status as a friendly or hostile. It is usually what trackfiles are displayed as across the software.<br />
<br />
There are four HAFU symbols:<br />
*'''Triangle:''' Hostile (red when colored)<br />
*'''Thick Staple:''' Ambiguous (yellow when colored)<br />
*'''Half-Circle:''' Friendly (green when colored)<br />
*'''Thin Staple:''' Unknown (yellow when colored)<br />
<br />
<br />
All types except ambiguous can be manually assigned via the [[#SA Format|Situational Awareness]] format. Tracks will also be automatically identified as explained below.<br />
<br />
A hostile HAFU will be assigned whenever:<br />
* A negative IFF response is returned, and<br />
** An NCTR print returns with an aircraft type that is on the hostile coalition; or<br />
** A SURV (surveillance, like an AWACS) source over datalink also marks it hostile; or<br />
** A F/F (fighter-fighter, like another F/A-18) source over datalink also marks it hostile.<br />
<br />
<br />
An ambiguous HAFU will be assigned when the aircraft and a donor have conflicting identifications (friendly and hostile).<br />
<br />
A friendly HAFU will be assigned whenever an IFF interrogation returns as friendly or the track itself is contributed to by the Precise Participant Location and Identification (PPLI) system.<br />
<br />
An unknown HAFU will be assigned by default until it is updated by meeting one of the requirements above.<br />
<br />
=Air-to-Air Weapons=<br />
----<br />
This area will cover over all the different air-to-air weapons brought with the F-14B Tomcat.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Air Gun==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat is outfitted with the M61A1 Vulcan 6-barreled Gatling cannon, being able to hold up a maximum of 675 rounds internally.<br />
<br />
===Gun Rates===<br />
The cannon offers 2 modes of combat in the F-14B: <br />
<br />
* '''LOW:''' mode which slows down the muzzle rate, used for Air-to-Ground.<br />
* '''HIGH:''' mode which is to be used for Basic Fighter Maneuvering. (BFM)<br />
<br />
===Gun Modes===<br />
The cannon for Air-to-Air mode is able to be placed into 2 following positions:<br />
<br />
* '''Manual:''' this mode is able to be selected by depressing the CAGE/SEAM button, which will then only display the pipper and ammo count.<br />
* '''Real-Time:''' this mode is the regular, default mode. Along with a radar lock, the pipper will calculate to be accurate when directed to the diamond contact box. This will also give a closure rate towards the contact and the range relative to the aircraft.<br />
<br />
===Symbology===<br />
[[File:f14 gun aa.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
''Using Real-Time mode.''<br />
<br />
The symbology for the cannon is displayed on the HUD with the weapon master selector in the GUN position, and display in A/A. By default, the gun rounds indicator will be displayed as 0 for rounds per 100. Located next to the display panel to the right is the gun ammo counter. Additionally, the gunsight elevation is also able to be adjusted underneath the steer commands on the display panel.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Air Missiles==<br />
===AIM-54 Phoenix===<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
====AIM-54A Mk.60====<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
====AIM-54C Mk.47====<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
===AIM-7 Sparrow===<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
===AIM-9 Sidewinder===<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
=Air-to-Ground Weapons=<br />
----<br />
The F-14B Tomcat comes with a variety of air-to-ground weapons after the upgrade to the Bombcat.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Ground Gun==<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Ground Bombs==<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
===Mk-20/81/82/83/84 GPB===<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
===GBU-12/14/16 LGB===<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
===BDU-33 Training Bomb===<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
===ADM-141 TALD===<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Ground Rockets==<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
=Resources=<br />
----<br />
==Manuals & Documents==<br />
* [https://info.publicintelligence.net/F14AAP-1B.pdf F-14B NATOPS Pocket Checklist]<br />
* [http://www.heatblur.se/F-14Manual/ Heatblur F-14 Manual]<br />
<br />
==Heatblur's Videos==<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q1o7E9pb95Y Episode 1: Overview]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OO3IdQjAdDA Episode 2: Pilot's Cockpit Walkaround]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ws1GxPG2ZXw Episode 3: Cold And Dark (Full Startup)]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kgpGO7fj4oU Episode 4: The RIO's Office]<br />
<br />
==Jabbers' Tutorial Videos==<br />
(They're good!)<br />
<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2qwlJs__iYk Pilot - Startup/Taxi/Takeoff with JESTER AI]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b5opjCygZug Pilot - Maneuvering and Flight Characteristics]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f4y2oZ-7rM8 Pilot - Air-to-Air Refueling]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ujk4hL_EnUc Pilot - ACM - Radar Acquisition Modes]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wftck0C3fJ8 Pilot - Weapons - Zuni Rockets with JESTER AI]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4m-Q02gxFEA Pilot - Weapons - AIM-9 Sidewinder]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SWeHtpJ00JI RIO - Startup]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r4-Dd4ss2Rc RIO - AWG-9 Radar]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YG7sWweg2RQ RIO - IFF Interrogation]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2q-bHFyTEr8 Overview - AIM-54C Mk.47 Phoenix - Tacview Debrief]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PyAQpqVhtBY Overview - AIM-54A Mk.60 Phoenix - Tacview Debrief]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4groy-_Bxfk Quick Tips - AIM-54 Phoenix]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Is3AtOX-abw Quick Tips - Bombing]</div>Siriushttps://wiki.hoggitworld.com/index.php?title=F-14A/B&diff=10594F-14A/B2019-09-06T00:13:23Z<p>Sirius: /* Air-to-Air Gun */</p>
<hr />
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{{ModuleInfo<br />
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<br />
''Credits to Jak for having the [[F/A-18C]] page serve as a guide and filler content on related systems.''<br />
<br />
The Grumman '''F-14A/B''' Tomcat is a two-seat, twin-engine supersonic variable wing-sweep fighter aircraft. The F-14 was the first US fighter jet with twin tails and was the largest & heaviest US fighter to ever fly from an aircraft carrier. The reason that the F-14 was so incredibly large and heavy was that it carried the large AWG-9 radar and accompanying AIM-54 Phoenix (air-to-air) missiles: this very capable combination allowed the F-14 to make shots of up to 200 nautical miles at the bad guys. Also, being big means you can carry a lot of fuel!<br />
<br />
Of course, the practical range of the AWG-9 is rather more limited, especially if you are shooting at more maneuverable fighter-sized targets, but even at these closer ranges, the AIM-54 Phoenix is still a capable missile that should not be underestimated. The F-14 is also capable of carrying an array of air-to-ground weapons, such as dumb bombs in both high and low drag forms, air-to-ground Zuni rockets and even laser-guided bombs, which can be self-designated using the LANTIRN targeting pod on the F-14.<br />
<br />
Most people will recognize and adore the F-14 because of its stardom presence in that one weird volleyball movie from the '80s. Its on-screen presence in movies will make the F-14 to appear docile and easy to fly, but due to lack of a fly-by-wire the F-14 can be a real handful: it being a pilot's aircraft however makes it fun to fly and learn. The analogous nature of the F-14 (comparable to the F-5E II Tigershark) will give you a good knowledge of the airplane over time but requires a bit of a different mindset that the computerized flight of the F/A-18C and the F-15.<br />
<br />
__TOC__<br />
<br />
=Weapons List=<br />
----<br />
==Implemented==<br />
Partially or fully implemented weapons of the F14/A/B Tomcat:<br />
* M61 Vulcan Six-Barreled Gatling Gun<br />
* AIM-7M/F Sparrow<br />
* CAP/AIM-9M Sidewinder<br />
* AIM-54A Phoenix Mk. 60<br />
* AIM-54C Phoenix Mk. 47<br />
* Mk-81, 82, 83, and 84 <br />
* GBU-10, 12, 16, and 24 <br />
* MK-20 Rockeye<br />
* Zuni Rockets<br />
* BDU-33 Practice Bombs<br />
* ADM-141 TALD<br />
* LUU-2 Parachute Flare<br />
* Smokewinder<br />
* LANTIRN Pod<br />
* FPU-1 Fuel Tank<br />
<br />
==Planned==<br />
Weapons not yet implemented into the Tomcat:<br />
* TARPS Pod<br />
<br />
=Hands On Throttle And Stick (HOTAS)=<br />
----<br />
==Throttle==<br />
[[File:throttle.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The throttle of the F-14 Tomcat consists of 2 quadrants, both for the left and right engines. There is an afterburner detent along with a cutoff detent for maximum throttle and shutdown of the engine for each quadrant.<br />
<br />
The throttle has the following controls:<br />
# '''Speed Brake Switch:''' 2-position switch. "EXT" is a momentary and needed input position that extends the speed brake outward depending on the aircraft speed.<br />
# '''Wing Sweep Switch:''' 4-way hat switch. "AUTO" sets the wing to sweep automatically determined by an onboard computer, "BOMB" sets the wing to sweep in an angled position between fully extended and retracted and dependent on speed for the air-to-ground bombing.<br />
# '''PLM Button:''' multifunction button. When the steering command is in A2A mode, this acts as a pilot lock-on tool for the AWG-9 radar. But when used for landing and/or in the LDG steering command mode, this allows for disengagement of the ACLS.<br />
# '''CAGE/SEAM Button:''' multifunction button. When the steering command is in A2A mode, this allows for CAGE/SEAM lock-on of the AIM-9 Sidewinder. But when used for landing and/or in the LDG steering command mode, this allows for disengagement of the APC.<br />
# '''Exterior Light Switch:''' 2-position switch. Used to toggle the exterior lights of the aircraft.<br />
# '''ICS PTT Switch:''' 2-position switch. Acts as a push-to-talk system for the ICS system inside of the aircraft used between the Pilot and RIO. (or JESTER AI)<br />
<br />
==Control Stick==<br />
[[File:stick.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The control stick is located in the center of the cockpit, mounted onto the floor. Left and right movements of the control stick direct hydraulic movement to the spoilers and horizontal stabilizers of the aircraft. Forward and backward movement result to respectively the same but to the horizontal stabilizers.<br />
<br />
The control stick has the following controls:<br />
# '''Bomb Release Button:''' single-purpose button. When pressed in A2G steering command mode, all pylons selected with bombs will release respective of the ripple settings, type, and interval.<br />
# '''Trim Hat:''' 4-way hat switch. Upward movement moves the aircraft downward, and downward movement moves the aircraft upward. Both left and right movements follow to their directions according to their name.<br />
# '''Weapon Select Hat:''' 4-way hat switch. Bottom selection is OFF, and a ridge requires a momentary push action to move in/out of to GUN. Following all to the top are SW, then SP/PH which requires a momentary push action to switch between.<br />
# '''DLC & Maneuver Flap Command Wheel:''' scrollable dial. Moving it with the landing gears fully deployed acts as a variable control for spoiler extension. With the landing gears up, the dial also acts the same but for flaps and slats.<br />
# '''DLC Engage/Disengage & CMS Dispense Button:''' multifunction button. When pressed with the landing gears fully deployed, this controls the engagement and disengagement of the DLC system. But with the landing gears fully retracted, this allows for pilot control of the CMS system.<br />
# '''Autopilot Reference & NWS Button:''' multifunction button. When the aircraft is up in the air, this controls specific autopilot settings. But when the aircraft is on the ground, this controls the activation of the nosewheel steering system.<br />
# '''Autopilot Emergency Disengage Paddle:''' multifunction button. Disengages all autopilot modes and DLC and releases all autopilot switches and roll and pitch SAS switches to OFF position.<br />
# '''Weapon Firing Trigger:''' two-stage trigger switch. The first detent enables CTVS and gun camera. Second detent releases selected forwards firing the weapon.<br />
<br />
=Flight Controls & Landing Gear=<br />
----<br />
==Flight Controls==<br />
[[File:Wheels-flaps.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The F-14B has a large hydraulic system which covers for all of the control surfaces of the aircraft. Without the hydraulic system, or taking damage the controls are in risk of improperly working. The F-14 Tomcat was the last of its generation to have no integration of an FBW or FCS system, which was introduced with the F-15 Eagle.<br />
<br />
The F-14's primary flight controls are:<br />
* '''Left Spoilers (LES):''' A set of spoilers that lie within the left wing of the aircraft that help with aileron movement and control that react opposite of the intended direction.<br />
* '''Right Spoilers (RES):''' A set of spoilers that lie within the right wing of the aircraft that help with aileron movement and control that react opposite of the intended direction.<br />
* '''Tailerons (TAIL):''' Two horizontal stabilizers located on the rear end of the aircraft that control both pitch and aileron movement.<br />
* '''Leading Edge Flaps (LEF):''' Normal slats located on the leading (front) edge of the wings to add lift.<br />
* '''Trailing Edge Flaps (TEF):''' Normal flaps located on the trailing (back) edge of the wings to add lift.<br />
<br />
<br />
The control stick controls the stabilators, ailerons, and rudder and the rudder pedals control the rudder.<br />
<br />
===Flaps System===<br />
The aircraft's flap system provides more lift (and as a byproduct, drag). The flaps lever has two positions:<br />
* '''NONE:''' This applies no flap whatsoever to the wings of the aircraft.<br />
* '''FULL:''' This applies full movement of flaps to the wings of the aircraft.<br />
<br />
<br />
The flaps lever allows for variable movement, which gives the pilot the ability to control the amount of flap they wish for.<br />
<br />
===Speed Brake===<br />
The speed brake is a flap located on the end of the aircraft designed to provide drag to decelerate faster. It is activated via the speed brake switch on the throttle. The two positions are:<br />
* '''EXT:''' When the switch is moved aft, this extends the speed brake of the aircraft out depending on the airspeed.<br />
* '''RET:''' When the switch is moved forward, this retracts the speed brake.<br />
<br />
===Trim===<br />
The tailerons are capable of being trimmed to make roll and pitch corrections. This is accomplished with the trim hat on the controls stick. When the autopilot system is engaged, the onboard computer will attempt to make active trim movements in order to keep the aircraft within the specified attitude when set, along of the setting parameters. As speed is either gained or lost, the trim will actively move the stick as well along of the tailerons to adapt.<br />
<br />
===Wing Sweep===<br />
The wings of the aircraft are a variable-sweep design allowing for automatic or manual movements from pilot input on the right throttle quadrant. Similar to wing fold, the wings are able to be overswept from its maximum position through a master reset of the system in order to allow tighter space and closer parking on the carrier deck.<br />
<br />
==Landing Gear==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat has 3 retractable landing gears: the nose gear, the left gear, and the right gear. The gear is moved via the gear lever on the left side of the cockpit. In the up position, the gear will retract. In the down position, the gear will extend. The gear lever cannot be put up with weight on wheels. The gear will not retract with the launch bar extended.<br />
<br />
===Nosewheel Steering===<br />
The nose gear features nosewheel steering (NWS) controlled by the rudder pedals. With the weight off of the wheels, it is disengaged. It automatically engages upon there being the weight on wheels. NWS is disengaged manually via the button on the stick.<br />
<br />
===Launch Bar===<br />
On the front nosegear is a launch bar that attaches the airplane to a catapult from launches from an aircraft carrier. Its deployment is pilot-controlled, but it is connected to the catapult by the ground crew (DCS default binding is U).<br />
<br />
It is controlled via the launch bar switch on the left upper console. When the switch in the RETRACT position, the launch bar will retract, but physically cannot do so when connected to the catapult. The switch will move to the RETRACT position automatically when there is a weight off wheels. In the EXTEND position, the launch bar will extend if there is the weight on wheels.<br />
<br />
=Autopilot and Autothrottle=<br />
----<br />
The F-14 Tomcat has the ability to automate certain types of flight via its Automatic Flight Control System (AFCS) and Automatic Throttle Control (ATC). The AFCS, or simply the autopilot, control the flight surfaces and the ATC controls the throttles.<br />
<br />
==AFCS==<br />
[[File:afcs.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The Automatic Flight Control System (AFCS), or just the "autopilot", controls the aircraft's flight controls to automate maneuvering. It is interfaced on the autopilot panel via the A/P engage switch. On the autopilot panel, there are 7 modes able to be toggled:<br />
# '''Pitch Stabilizer Augmentation:''' 2-position switch. This switch controls the ability for the pitch to be augmented for dampening.<br />
# '''Roll Stabilizer Augmentation:''' 2-position switch. This switch controls the ability for the roll to be augmented for dampening.<br />
# '''Yaw Stabilizer Augmentation:''' 2-position switch. This switch controls the ability for the yaw to be augmented for dampening.<br />
# '''VEC/PCD/ACL Switch:''' 3-position switch. This switch controls the remote control modes of autopilot with the steering bars and ACLS.<br />
# '''ALT Switch:''' 2-position switch.' This switch controls the ability to maintain the current altitude when autopilot is engaged.<br />
# '''HDG/GT Switch:''' 3-position switch. This switch controls the ability to maintain the current heading when autopilot is engaged.<br />
# '''ENGAGE Switch:''' 2-position switch. This switch engages and disengages the autopilot.<br />
<br />
==ATC==<br />
The automatic throttle control (ATC), or just "autothrottle", controls the physical throttles and thereby automated thrust control. ATC is toggled via ATC engage/disengage switch next to the throttle. When the ATC is engaged, the physical means of the throttle quadrants will begin to move on their own. However, whenever the pilot makes any new movement to the throttle whatsoever, the ATC will disengage to allow pilot control over both of the engines. The ATC is primarily used for landing on a carrier along of the ACLS system.<br />
<br />
=Digital Systems Overview=<br />
----<br />
[[File:displays.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
==Pilot==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat comes with 2 digital display screens in the Pilot cockpit:<br />
* '''Vertical Display Indicator (VDI):''' a multifunction display that allows for the pilot to see their HUD in a form of a repeater, and the [[#Television Camera Set|TCS]].<br />
* '''Horizontal Situation Display Indicator (HSD):''' a multifunction display that allows for the pilot to see their virtual compass for navigation modes, and the [[#AWG-9 Pulse-Doppler Radar|AWG-9 Radar]] from the RIO TID as a repeater.<br />
<br />
===Heads Up Display===<br />
The head-up display (HUD) is a projected display at the front of the cockpit that serves as the primary flight instrument. It also provides various indications for weapon delivery; this section will cover the HUD's indications in NAV master mode. Master mode/weapon-specific indications on the HUD will be covered in the relevant section.<br />
<br />
====Reject Modes====<br />
Via the switches next to the TO button on the displays panel, you are able to "declutter" or remove information off of the HUD.<br />
<br />
==Radar Intercept Officer==<br />
The Radar Intercept Officer (RIO) comes with 3 digital display screens in the RIO cockpit:<br />
* '''Detail Data Display (DDD):''' a dual-purpose display that allows for the RIO to see contacts on the [[#AWG-9 Pulse-Doppler Radar|radar]], based on the range and radar mode.<br />
* '''Tactical Information Display (TID):''' a multi-purpose display that allows for the RIO to see their [[#AWG-9 Pulse-Doppler Radar|AWG-9]] situational awareness, [[#Television Camera Set|TCS]], [[#TARPS Pod|TARPS]] and [[#LANTIRN Targeting Pod|LANTIRN]] pods.<br />
* '''Horizontal Situation Display Indicator (HSD):''' a multi-purpose display as to the one in the pilot cockpit.<br />
<br />
==Master Modes==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat has 5 primarily modes for information displayed. The 5 master modes are:<br />
* '''TO:''' switch. Displays takeoff information on HUD and VDI for degrees.<br />
* '''CRUISE:''' single-purpose button. Displays in-air flight information on HUD and VDI for degrees.<br />
* '''A/A:''' single-purpose button. Displays air-to-air information on HUD and VDI for degrees; and weapon employment.<br />
* '''A/G:''' single-purpose button. Displays air-to-ground information on HUD and VDI for degrees; and weapon employment.<br />
* '''LDG:''' single-purpose button. Displays landing information on HUD and VDI for degrees.<br />
<br />
<br />
Additionally, the F-14 Tomcat has an Air Combat Maneuver (ACM) panel which controls all air-to-air and air-to-ground aspects for armament.<br />
<br />
=Navigation=<br />
----<br />
The F-14 Tomcat has an inertial navigation system (INS) that allows the pilot to navigate by internal gyros aligned. However, due to the fault of having no GPS assistance, these gyros slowly drift over time and cause misalignment for visual information.<br />
<br />
==HSD==<br />
[[File:Hsd.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The Horizontal Situation Display Indicator (HSD) is the primary interface with the airplane's navigation systems. The HSI can be accessed from the bottom display screen. The basic function of the HSI is a rotating compass with a looking-from-above perspective. The controls for this screen are:<br />
# '''BRT Control:''' dial. Controls the brightness of the HSD screen.<br />
# '''HDG Control:''' dial. Controls the heading reference in TACAN mode.<br />
# '''CRS Control:''' dial. Controls the course heading reference in MAN and TACAN modes.<br />
# '''Test Button:''' single-purpose button. Resets the HSD screen if overload protection activates.<br />
# '''BIT Indicator:''' light. Shows a white light if a failure produces in the HSD.<br />
<br />
=== Steering Commands ===<br />
The HSD comes with a set of 5 different steering commands, which each have their own purpose towards displaying certain information:<br />
* '''TACAN:''' single-purpose button. Displays information based off of a radio beacon with range and direction.<br />
* '''DEST:''' single-purpose button. Displays information off of a selected waypoint from the RIO with range and direction.<br />
* '''AWL/PCD:''' single-purpose button. Displays information off of an ICLS frequency with azimuth and elevation bars (on VDI and HUD)<br />
* '''VEC:''' single-purpose button. ? (needs more info.)<br />
* '''MAN:''' single-purpose button. Displays information off of an entered heading (HDG Control) with direction.<br />
<br />
==Waypoints==<br />
The F-14B comes with an onboard flight computer system that handles waypoint navigation during in-air flight. The navigation system in the F-14B Tomcat gives a variety of waypoint holders, along with information for a set home plate.<br />
<br />
===Pilot===<br />
For the F-14B pilot, the waypoint information is able to be accessed by the DEST steering command and by using the NAV HSD display mode.<br />
<br />
===Radar Intercept Officer===<br />
For the F-14B Radar Intercept Officer, (RIO) the waypoints must be manually assigned by the RIO through the Computer Address Panel (CAP) system under the TAC DATA category. Once done, the waypoint must be selected through the CAP and entered in with coordinates similar to how INS alignment procedures are done.<br />
<br />
==TACAN==<br />
Tactical Air Navigation (TACAN) is a military radio navigation system. A TACAN beacon allows for an aircraft to determine its bearing and range from it, and using this information can navigate. TACAN's may be ground-based or be broadcasted by an airplane. TACAN channels have two bands, X and Y, and range from 1-126. 2 TACAN channels may be set present in the aircraft by both the Pilot and RIO for simultaneous use.<br />
<br />
The TACAN setting knobs give a range of these options:<br />
*'''T/R:''' Transmit and receive. Gets bearing and range from the TACAN.<br />
*'''RCV:''' Receive. Gets bearing from the TACAN.<br />
*'''A/A:''' Air-to-air TACAN mode.<br />
*'''X:''' Tunes the selected frequency on the X band.<br />
*'''Y:''' Tunes the selected frequency on the Y band.<br />
<br />
==ICLS==<br />
For night and low visibility operations, aircraft carriers have an Instrument Carrier Landing System (ICLS) to allow for instrument approaches to the carrier. ICLS provides horizontal and vertical guidance. The F-14 is equipped with ICLS.<br />
<br />
To activate the airplane's ICLS antenna, an ICLS dial is present to the right of the warning lights advisory panel, with an ARA on/off switch, used to toggle power to the system.<br />
<br />
When ILS is selected on the HSI, two bars, one horizontal and one vertical, appear near the velocity vector on the HUD. These indicate a vertical and horizontal deviation from the optimal glideslope (3°) and course to the deck. When they are both aligned with the velocity vector (making a "+"), the aircraft is on course.<br />
<br />
==ACLS==<br />
For CAT III conditions and poor visibility, the F-14 is equipped with the Automatic Carrier Landing System (ACLS) to allow an automatic flight to the carrier via. a radio-guided input from a Landing Signal Officer. (LSO) The auto-throttle and autopilot systems must be engaged and present during the time of activation with this system, along with lights given to the left of the VDI display.<br />
<br />
Datalink is required between the aircraft and the carrier in order for ACLS to work. When the best position of the azimuth and glideslope bars are within parameters, the nosewheel steering button is pressed in order to engage guidance.<br />
<br />
==Navigation Failures==<br />
The F-14B has a variety of navigation failures that may/can occur, including methods to fix them.<br />
<br />
===Navigation Fix Update===<br />
An error of latitude or longitude in the computer position of the aircraft can be corrected by a navigation fix update. Updating is especially important in the backup modes (AHRS AM and IMU/ AM) because of the estimated winds and magnetic variation changes. A nav fix is done via a ground-reference-point (latitude and longitude) position. The range and bearing of this position to the present aircraft position are used to update or correct existing values. The nav system may be updated by either a radar fix, a TACAN fix, or a visual fix.<br />
<br />
Before performing a nav fix, the latitude and longitude of the desired update point (radar, TACAN, or visual) must be stored in one of eight navigation point locations (three WPs, FIX PT, HOME BASE, HOST AREA, DEF PT, and IP). This data can be stored prior to flight by data link or by manual insertion. Then follow these steps:<br />
<br />
# Hook the Waypoint you choose to select for the nav fix.<br />
# Check the stored latitude and longitude on the TID.<br />
# Rotate the CATEGORY switch to NAV and select the desired type of update.<br />
<br />
<br />
Note that updating the position while in INS, and to a lesser degree while in IMU, can introduce a greater navigational position error than already present, in particular, if radar fix is used to update the nav system. Updates with a visual or TACAN fix provide reasonable accuracy (assuming a good MAG VAR during TACAN updates). Updating your nav system via a nav fix should be primarily used in the AHRS mode.<br />
<br />
===Radar Fix Update===<br />
An RDR FIX may be selected before or after positioning the DDD cursors. If the RDR FIX button is depressed, the computer computes the present position of the aircraft by measuring the range and bearing from the selected point. The delta between the computer position and the position determined by the INS is then displayed on the TID. If the entry of this delta into the navigation computations is desired, press the FIX ENABLE button. If the delta does not appear to be correct, the computer and the readout can be cleared by pressing the RDR FIX button. The fix may then be attempted again. The RIO should also perform periodic checks of own aircraft system altitude and update the altitude if necessary.<br />
<br />
Radar updating is performed as follows:<br />
<br />
# TID CURSOR/CAP - Hook Desired Navigation Point for Update.<br />
# PULSE SRCH button - Depress.<br />
# On sensor control panel: STAB switch - IN. EL BARS switch - 1. AZ SCAN switch - As Desired.<br />
# RDR FIX button - Depress.<br />
# DDD CURSOR button - Depress.<br />
# Action switch - Half Action (first detent).<br />
# Cursor is displayed on DDD.<br />
# Manipulate hand control DDD cursor over desired ground map point.<br />
# Action switch - Full Action and Release. (This will cause the DDD cursor to remain at the selected position.<br />
# Observe the delta for LAT and LONG on TID.<br />
# If readouts are unsatisfactory, deselect RDR FIX and repeat steps 4 through 12.<br />
# FIX ENABLE button - Depress.<br />
<br />
===TACAN Update===<br />
To perform a nav fix by TACAN requires that a restored waypoint shares identical LAT and LONG values with the TACAN station that will be used for the fix. Select the TACAN channel for the desired station and verify by listening to the coded identifier tone in the headset.<br />
<br />
Press the TACAN FIX button to update the aircraft position from a TACAN station. The WCS computer then calculates the own aircraft position error based on the range and bearing from the TACAN station. The delta is then entered in the same manner as with a radar fix.<br />
<br />
Perform a TACAN fix following these steps:<br />
<br />
# Select a TACAN channel whose latitude and longitude correspond to an update point.<br />
# Hook desired update point (WAYPT 1, FIX PT, HOME BASE, etc.).<br />
# CATEGORY switch - NAV.<br />
# TACAN FIX button - Depress.<br />
# Observe present position delta readout.<br />
# If delta is unsatisfactory, deselect TACAN FIX and repeat steps 2 through 7.<br />
# FIX ENABLE button - Depress.<br />
<br />
===Visual Update===<br />
To perform a visual fix, fly over a restored waypoint and press the VIS FIX button. Estimate your timing, because the aircraft nose and fuselage can obscure the fixed point during an overflight. It is also difficult to estimate when directly overhead a waypoint if the aircraft altitude is greater than 10.000 feet. The delta for the visual fix is displayed on the TID. Enter the delta by pressing FIX ENABLE.<br />
<br />
To perform a visual fix use the following steps:<br />
<br />
# Hook desired update point (WAY PT, HB, IP, etc.).<br />
# Select NAV category on CAP.<br />
# Overfly the selected restored point and when over the point, depress the VIS FIX button on the cap.<br />
# If the delta is not satisfactory, press VIS FIX again to clear the delta and repeat from step 1.<br />
# If a satisfactory delta is displayed, depress the FIX ENABLE button; this causes the delta correction of own-aircraft position to be inserted into the computer.<br />
<br />
===Datalink Update===<br />
To perform a data link update of the aircraft INS to the TDS frame of reference, the aircraft and TDS must share a prebriefed waypoint, identical in latitude and longitude. Enter this LAT/LONG data into the HOST AREA pseudo target file. The TDS will uplink the common reference point as a data link waypoint. When the aircraft and TDS INS systems agree, the data link waypoint and host area symbols will be superimposed on the TID. If they drift apart, the two pseudo targets on the TID will drift as well.<br />
<br />
To perform an update via data link, use the following steps:<br />
<br />
# Hook data link waypoint corresponding prebriefed reference point.<br />
# Select NAV category on CAP.<br />
# Overfly the hooked data link waypoint. When immediately over the point, press VIS FIX button on CAP.<br />
# Observe delta LAT and LONG on TID.<br />
# If deltas are satisfactory and update is desired, depress FIX ENABLE.<br />
# After a data link update, HOST AREA and data link waypoint should be superimposed on the TID again.<br />
<br />
===Fighter-to-Fighter Navigation Update===<br />
Net aircraft that use fighter-to-fighter data link can update their navigation system in the FF/DL mode. To update LAT/LONG hook the net aircraft symbol of an aircraft that is in close proximity and select F/F NAV UPDATE on the CAP. This will enter the hooked aircraft’s coordinates into the INS as own-aircraft coordinates. To update the nav system on an aircraft that is not close, first obtain a radar STT on that aircraft, hook the STT-ed aircraft on the TID and then press F/F NAV UPDATE on the CAP.<br />
<br />
=Defensive Systems=<br />
----<br />
The F-14B is equipped with various defensive systems: the AN/ALE-39 Countermeasure Dispensing System (CMDS), for the release of chaff and flares, the AN/ALQ-126 Deception ECM (DECM), for jamming enemy radar, and the AN/ALR-67 Radar Warning Reciever (RWR), for detection of enemy radar emitters and missile launches.<br />
<br />
==AN/ALR-67 RWR==<br />
[[File:alr-67.png|thumb|400px]]<br />
The AN/ALR-67 Radar Warning Receiver (RWR) provides the Hornet the ability to detect radars via the radio/microwave radiation they emit.<br />
<br />
===Audio Tones===<br />
Accompanying the RWR are various audio feedback tones:<br />
*'''Single Beep:''' A new ground- or sea-based emitter has been detected.<br />
*'''Double Beep:''' A new airborne emitter has been detected.<br />
*'''Repeating Beep:''' An emitter is tracking.<br />
*'''Faster Repeating Beep:''' An emitter is guiding a missile or is a missile.<br />
<br />
<br />
On the RWR gauge, the RWR knob will control the volume of the RWR tones.<br />
<br />
===Emitter Identifiers===<br />
''This list is, at present, not complete.''<br />
{|class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"<br />
!Type<br />
!RWR ID<br />
|-<br />
|U<br />
|Unknown<br />
|-<br />
|M<br />
|Active radar-homing missile<br />
|-<br />
|S<br />
|Search radar<br />
|-<br />
|3<br />
|SA-3 "Goa"<br />
|-<br />
|6<br />
|SA-6 "Gainful"<br />
|-<br />
|8<br />
|SA-8 "Gecko"<br />
|-<br />
|10<br />
|SA-10 "Grumble"<br />
|-<br />
|11<br />
|SA-11 "Gadfly"<br />
|-<br />
|11<br />
|F-111 Aardvark<br />
|-<br />
|12<br />
|SA-12 "Gladiator"<br />
|-<br />
|13<br />
|SA-13 "Gopher"<br />
|-<br />
|13<br />
|C-130 Hercules<br />
|-<br />
|14<br />
|F-14 Tomcat<br />
|-<br />
|15<br />
|F-15 Eagle<br />
|-<br />
|15 <br />
|SA-15 "Gauntlet"<br />
|-<br />
|16<br />
|F-16 Fighting Falcon<br />
|-<br />
|17<br />
|C-17 Globemaster III<br />
|-<br />
|18<br />
|F/A-18 Hornet<br />
|-<br />
|22<br />
|Tu-22 "Blinder"<br />
|-<br />
|23<br />
|MiG-23 "Flogger"<br />
|-<br />
|24<br />
|Su-24 "Fencer"<br />
|-<br />
|25<br />
|MiG-25 "Foxbat"<br />
|-<br />
|29<br />
|MiG-29 "Fulcrum"<br />
|-<br />
|29<br />
|Su-27 "Flanker"<br />
|-<br />
|29<br />
|Su-33 "Flanker-D"<br />
|-<br />
|30<br />
|Su-30 "Flanker-C"<br />
|-<br />
|31<br />
|MiG-31 "Foxhound"<br />
|-<br />
|34<br />
|Su-34 "Fullback"<br />
|-<br />
|39<br />
|Su-25M "Frogfoot"<br />
|-<br />
|40<br />
|''Spruance''-class destroyer<br />
|-<br />
|48<br />
|''Nimitz''-class carrier<br />
|-<br />
|49<br />
|''Oliver Hazard Perry''-class frigate<br />
|-<br />
|50<br />
|A-50 "Mainstay"<br />
|-<br />
|52<br />
|B-52 Stratofortress<br />
|-<br />
|76<br />
|IL-76 "Candid"<br />
|-<br />
|78<br />
|IL-78 "Midas"<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==AN/ALE-39 CMDS==<br />
[[File:f14 cms.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The AN/ALE-39 is the countermeasures dispensing set installed in the F-14B in this simulation. It controls its own set of launchers located between the engine nozzles on the underside of the so-called beaver-tail. The launchers each have two sections, one containing 10 cartridges and the other 20. They are referred to the left and right dispensers even though the left is really the front one and the right the back one with both being mounted inline on the left side of the tailhook. This is a remnant from the earliest model F-14s carrying the AN/ALE-29.<br />
<br />
This all sums up to a capacity of 60 cartridges in the system with each section necessarily holding one type of cartridges meaning that any combination of cartridges is possible as long as each type’s quantity is a multiple of 10. The system itself has no real knowledge of what is loaded where so incorrectly programming the system can lead to the wrong type of cartridge being ejected.<br />
<br />
===Cockpit Controls===<br />
The system itself can be operated manually from the control panel in the RIO pit or the DLC thumbwheel on the pilot stick when the flaps lever is in the up position. It is also capable of running programmed sequences of ejection which in turn can be initiated manually by the RIO from the control panel or the direction hats mounted on the handhold over the DDD. In addition, the AN/ALR-67 can also initiate the chaff ejection program if set up correctly on the AN/ALE-39 control panel.<br />
<br />
==AN/ALQ-126 DECM==<br />
The AN/ALQ-126 deception jammer is designed to detect radar threats, analyze them, select the optimum countermeasure technique available and apply it. Available techniques for jamming are amongst others, main lobe blanking, inverse con-scan, range-gate pull-off and swept square modes. In DCS this is modeled as a simple noise jammer due to engine limitations but controlled by the DECM logic as to when it’s on or off.<br />
<br />
===Cockpit Controls===<br />
The controls for the AN/ALQ-126 DECM are all located on the right horizontal panel in the RIO pit, the panel as the image above. In addition, there are two indication lights co-located with the RWR threat indicators on the right side of the TID. The mode selector knob controls power and operational mode that the system is in. The modes for the DECM are as follows:<br />
<br />
* '''OFF:''' turns off power to the system. STBY begins pre-warming of the system, taking in all-around 5 minutes.<br />
* '''TEST HOLD 3 SEC:''' is used to prepare the system for BIT, after 3 seconds in this mode, turn the knob to TEST - ACT.<br />
* '''TEST ACT:''' starts the BIT in the system. The BIT takes approximately 30 seconds and the RCV light will be illuminated the whole time while the XMIT light will flash twice. If the STANDBY light illuminates it indicates that a no-go condition exists in the system.<br />
* '''REC:''' enables the system to receive the only mode, enabling analyzation of threats and also the threat audio.<br />
* '''RPT:''' enables full system functionality, in addition to REC it also now tries to jam threats according to the selected method.<br />
<br />
=Television Camera Set=<br />
----<br />
[[File:tcs_symbology.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The F-14B is outfitted with the ALQ-100 Television Camera Set (TCS) pod, used for visually identifying aircraft during the time of which IFF was not a trusted/more inferior method to confirming hostile aircraft and to keep track of their position, as well as their living status.<br />
<br />
==Symbology==<br />
On the TID, in non-TV mode, a TCS track is indicated by a 1.5” strobe at TCS LOS azimuth with a hollow circle at the end.<br />
<br />
The symbology on the video feed from the TCS has indicators for the FOV and two crosshairs indicating TCS LOS relative own aircraft, GACH, and AN/AWG-9 radar LOS relative TCS LOS, RACH. Additionally, the track window is indicated by 4 small squares representing each corner of that window.<br />
<br />
The gimbal angle crosshairs or GACH, which is a solid cross, indicate deflection of the TCS LOS from the aircraft datum line, ADL. GACH crosshair in the center indicates TCS LOS along ADL and deflection towards the edges indicate deflection towards the gimbal limits with the video edges being maximum deflection.<br />
<br />
RACH or radar angle crosshairs, a dashed crosshair, indicate radar antenna LOS when inside the current TCS FOV. When the sensors slave to one another RACH and GACH will coincide creating a single solid crosshair.<br />
<br />
The track window indicates the area that the TCS contrast tracker is currently locked on to if it has acquired a target. When not in an active track these squares collapse into the center of the display being 2% of the screen width when in manual mode and 5% when in an auto mode.<br />
<br />
=LANTIRN Targeting Pod=<br />
----<br />
[[File:flir.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The F-14B can carry the AN/AAQ-14 Low Altitude Navigation and Targeting Infrared For Night (LANTIRN) targeting pod. This pod consists of a Forward-Looking Infrared (FLIR) camera (which also includes a digital charged coupled device camera) for target locating and observing, a Laser Target Designator/Ranger for firing a laser that both designates targets for laser-homing weapons and gathers ranging information for designating whatever the FLIR is pointed at as an air-to-ground, and a Laser Spot Tracker (LST) which can search for and track a laser, allowing for the FLIR to be cued onto an offboard (ground or air-designated) laser from another unit and then designate a Target off said point; this allows for most effective buddy-lasing. The targeting pod can be used in both air-to-ground and air-to-air functions, but the LTD/R and LST are only used for A/G operation.<br />
<br />
==Symbology==<br />
The following areas on the LANTIRN are to represent:<br />
# '''A/C Position Data:''' Displays aircraft LAT/LON, altitude, and groundspeed information.<br />
# '''LANTIRN Polarity:''' Displays white or hot background. AGC is for automatic gain control, MGC is for manual gain control.<br />
# '''LANTIRN Information:''' Gives general information on the pod. SR is for slant range, AZ/EL for azimuth/elevation of sight, and rest is UTC time.<br />
# '''LANTIRN Track Mode:''' Displays the current tracking mode. A/A is for air-to-air, A/G is for air-to-ground. Right side is for current selected weapon.<br />
# '''Track Data:''' Displays information of LAT/LON and altitude of where the sight is at.<br />
# '''Track:''' Displays the hairs for point and area track, and what the sight is directly pointed at.<br />
# '''Launch Envelopes:''' The top tape is for the heading relative of the aircraft to the track. The right side tape is for the release point.<br />
<br />
=TARPS Pod=<br />
----<br />
Not yet implemented.<br />
<br />
=Air-to-Air Radar=<br />
----<br />
==Detail Data Display==<br />
[[File:f14 ddd.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
Among the 3 digital displays, the Detail Data Display gives the RIO information about contacts from the AWG-9 radar in terms of range and radar mode, with respect to the notch filter.<br />
<br />
===Notch Filter===<br />
The AWG-9 radar in the F-14B Tomcat has a notch filter when using the pulse-doppler radar modes under certain conditions. These conditions include, but are not limited to:<br />
<br />
* ~100 knot difference of the aircraft relative to contact<br />
* Contact flying 90 degrees perpendicular CW/CCW to aircraft<br />
* Masking with ground terrain scan return<br />
<br />
<br />
There is a rough line shown in the radar modes, likewise of the jamming lobe, for when considering the notch filter that the contact will disappear from.<br />
<br />
==Tactical Information Display==<br />
[[File:f14 tid.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The Tactical Information Display (TID) gives the RIO of the F-14B the main information on the AWG-9 radar, including situational awareness, range, altitude, and contact heading.<br />
<br />
===Display Modes===<br />
The TID comes with a total of 8 display modes available, that can be toggled either on or off for purposes of gathering more information or decluttering:<br />
<br />
* '''RID DISABLE:''' ? needs more info. Not yet implemented.<br />
* '''ALT NUM:''' Displays the altitude of contact with a singular digit rounded to the nearest thousand.<br />
* '''SYM ELEM:''' Displays the symbology of contacts corresponding to HAFU.<br />
* '''DATA LINK:''' Displays contacts from the datalink frequency.<br />
* '''JAM STROBE:''' Displays the jamming strobes. Not yet implemented.<br />
* '''NON-ATTK:''' Displays determined (manual IFF or datalink) HAFU of friendly contacts.<br />
* '''VEL VECTOR:''' Displays the velocity vectors of contacts.<br />
* '''LAUNCH ZONE:''' Displays contact approximate missile launch zones.<br />
<br />
==AN/AWG-9 Radar==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat is equipped with the AN/AWG-9 all-weather and pulse-doppler radar. It is a very long-range radar used for the main purpose of intercept.<br />
<br />
===Radar Modes===<br />
The AWG-9 in the F-14B comes with 2 types of radar modes: doppler and pulse-doppler search. Of those two, subsets are able to be observed as 5 in this list:<br />
<br />
* '''PD SRCH:''' Pulse-Doppler Search mode. No bias factor of the radar, but impedes to pulse-doppler methods.<br />
* '''PD STT:''' Pulse-Doppler Single Target Track mode. By default upon acquiring a lock with the AWG-9, the radar will move to this function mode. It is currently suspectable to the notch filter.<br />
* '''RWS:''' Range While Search mode. The radar will prioritize the range of targets but not other factors. Falls under pulse-doppler.<br />
* '''TWS MAN:''' Track While Scan - Manual mode. The radar will prioritize the situational awareness of other targets but not give information on every target. The radar will also prioritize targets by threat importance.<br />
* '''TWS AUTO:''' Track While Scan - Auto mode. The radar will perform the same as TWS Man, but the elevation and azimuth controls will be automated in the process for an optimal scan.<br />
* '''PULSE SRCH:''' Pulse Search mode. No bias factor of the radar and can not be impeded to the notch filter, unlike the pulse-doppler method. The radar will, however, output a return of everything that is scanned and requires tuning.<br />
* '''PULSE STT:''' Pulse Single Target Track mode. Performing similarly to Pulse Search mode, this function mode applies to only a single target and is not suspectable to the notch filter.<br />
<br />
====Pulse-Doppler Search Mode====<br />
[[File:f14 pulsedoppler.png|thumb|350px]]<br />
The pulse-doppler search mode is used mainly as a kind of early warning mode. It is the search mode with the greatest detection range but it can display no range to the RIO, only closure rate. For this reason, the TID can display no track information.<br />
<br />
====Pulse-Doppler STT Mode====<br />
[[File:f14 pdstt.png|thumb|350px]]<br />
The pulse-doppler STT works and looks much like the pulse STT mode. It does, however, have the same advantages and disadvantages compared to pulse STT as the other pulse-doppler modes compared to the pulse modes. This means that while much better at tracking a target close to the ground it is however vulnerable to notching.<br />
<br />
The DDD display for pulse-doppler STT looks like pulse STT display except that the target return and antenna azimuth display are moved to the left side of the screen and a generated synthetic target marker is displayed at the correct azimuth instead. This is so that the targets range can be displayed by the synthetic target, unlike the other pulse-doppler modes which only shows closure rate. The other symbology on the DDD in this mode are the same as in pulse STT.<br />
<br />
====Range While Search Mode====<br />
In range while search, a frequency measuring ranging mode is added (FM ranging) to allow the radar to measure the range of tracked targets in addition to closure rate. This additional processing does, however, mean that the effective range of the radar is somewhat lesser. The display on the DDD is the same as in pulse-doppler search, the TID however also shows tracks in this mode showing the targets as tracks momentarily as they’re scanned and displaying their position and altitude. <br />
<br />
The targets are shown for a maximum of two seconds or until the antenna again scans the same bar at the same azimuth at which time it is removed unless detected again. The maximum number of concurrently shown tracks are 48.<br />
<br />
====TWS Manual Mode====<br />
The track, while scan mode uses the same FM ranging as RWS with the same reduction in range compared to pulse-doppler search and the DDD display, is also the same. The main difference that the computer establishes track files and tracks up to 24 targets concurrently of which 18 can be shown on the TID at any given time.<br />
<br />
As the computer routine calculating these tracks need a set track refresh time of 2 seconds this limits available azimuth scan area and bar settings to either 20° 4 bars or 40° 2 bars. When entering TWS the computer automatically selects the ±20° 4 bar scan disregarding the RIO set scan volumes unless those are set to ±40° 2 bars in which case that is used instead.<br />
<br />
The TWS mode is also the only mode enabling guidance of the AIM-54 at multiple targets (up to six), and as soon as engageable targets are detected the computer starts assigning them a missile priority number according to optimal missile firing sequence.<br />
<br />
====TWS Auto Mode====<br />
Performing similarly to TWS Man mode, what differs between the two is that in TWS auto the computer takes control of used scan volume and scan pattern azimuth and elevation as soon as target tracks are present. The WCS computer automatically tries to optimize the scan volume and direction so that tracking of the prioritized targets is maximized. If not selected before launch the WCS overrides as soon as the first AIM-54 is launched and selects TWS Auto.<br />
<br />
====Pulse Search Mode====<br />
[[File:f14 pulse.png|thumb|350px]]<br />
Pulse search is used to search for and find airborne targets at range. It is possible to use this radar mode as a basic ground mapper as well which can be useful for navigation and navigational fixes and can also be used in a pinch to detect larger surface targets like ships. Keep in mind though that the radar is not built with this as its main function and that a real air-to-ground radar will outperform it handily.<br />
<br />
In this mode, the radar cannot by itself differentiate targets and generate tracks meaning that the WCS will not generate track files and display anything on the TID. This also means that pulse search is not capable of guiding missiles.<br />
<br />
====Pulse STT Mode====<br />
[[File:f14 pstt.png|thumb|350px]]<br />
Pulse STT is used to track a single target, like pulse search mode it is not susceptible to notching but it is to ground clutter. The fact that the STT modes use gates to track the target, in this case, range gates, means that it is less susceptible to ground clutter but a target close enough to the ground that the ground return enters the range gates would be likely to shake the lock.<br />
<br />
As it is only in the pulse-doppler modes that the missile guidance commands can be sent pulse STT is limited to launching AIM-7s in CW mode and AIM-54s in an active launch mode limiting their ranges. At short ranges, ACM ranges, it is possible to use the ASPECT switch to set what aspect of the target to track, this is just to counter different types of countermeasures. As an example, if set to NOSE the radar will be less susceptible to chaff as the radar weights its track towards the targets leading-edge (nose) away from the chaff being launched behind the target.<br />
<br />
A successful track is indicated by the ANT TRK and RDROT indicator lights on the DDD, meaning that the antenna is tracking the target and that the target is within the range gates. If the target is jamming with sufficient strength, negating a range track, the radar will transition to a jam angle track instead, indicated by the JAT indicator light on the DDD illuminating instead of the RDROT. When range tracking is again possible at closer ranges the radar will transition to that instead.<br />
<br />
The DDD in this mode will be similar to the pulse search mode but the antenna will be locked onto the target and not scan. Additionally, the DDD will show the range gates around the target, a closing rate symbol at the right scale and applicable attack symbology if a valid missile is selected.<br />
<br />
===Anti-Jamming Modes===<br />
Not yet implemented.<br />
<br />
===AN/APX-76 IFF Interrogator===<br />
The AN/APX-76 IFF (Identification Friend or Foe) interrogator is integrated into the AN/AWG-9 operation. Then interrogator antenna itself is located on the AN/AWG-9 antenna gimbal platform. An IFF system works by sending out an interrogation pulse and then listening for returns from cooperating transponders. In addition to the unencrypted civilian mode the AN/APX-76 is capable of interrogating in the encrypted military mode 4. This ensures that targets replying to mode 4 interrogations are indeed friendly. The AN/APX-76 can be used both in search radar modes and in STT radar modes. To enable interrogation the IFF switch is depressed on the Detail Data Display Panel which then activates the interrogator for as long as the button is held up to 10 seconds max.<br />
<br />
When enabled IFF received IFF returns are then overlaid on the normal AN/AWG-9 radar returns on the DDD. A friendly target will be indicated with two bars, one above and one below the normal radar return. As the AN/APX-76 is a separate radar, secondary mode, radar apart from the AWG-9 the IFF can sometimes also detect targets not detected by the AWG-9. In this case the IFF return will not have a radar echo inside it. In the search mode this is overlaid over each target replying and in STT over the STT target. Additionally, if the STT target is hooked on the TID the DDD will switch from normal range display to a ±10 NM display to enable display of multiple returns in case of closely grouped targets.<br />
<br />
==HAFU/Datalink==<br />
[[File:HAFU.png|right|80px]]<br />
Hostile, Ambiguous, Friendly or Unknown (HAFU) is a symbology system used by the F/A-18 to represent trackfiles; specifically, to show its status as a friendly or hostile. It is usually what trackfiles are displayed as across the software.<br />
<br />
There are four HAFU symbols:<br />
*'''Triangle:''' Hostile (red when colored)<br />
*'''Thick Staple:''' Ambiguous (yellow when colored)<br />
*'''Half-Circle:''' Friendly (green when colored)<br />
*'''Thin Staple:''' Unknown (yellow when colored)<br />
<br />
<br />
All types except ambiguous can be manually assigned via the [[#SA Format|Situational Awareness]] format. Tracks will also be automatically identified as explained below.<br />
<br />
A hostile HAFU will be assigned whenever:<br />
* A negative IFF response is returned, and<br />
** An NCTR print returns with an aircraft type that is on the hostile coalition; or<br />
** A SURV (surveillance, like an AWACS) source over datalink also marks it hostile; or<br />
** A F/F (fighter-fighter, like another F/A-18) source over datalink also marks it hostile.<br />
<br />
<br />
An ambiguous HAFU will be assigned when the aircraft and a donor have conflicting identifications (friendly and hostile).<br />
<br />
A friendly HAFU will be assigned whenever an IFF interrogation returns as friendly or the track itself is contributed to by the Precise Participant Location and Identification (PPLI) system.<br />
<br />
An unknown HAFU will be assigned by default until it is updated by meeting one of the requirements above.<br />
<br />
=Air-to-Air Weapons=<br />
----<br />
This area will cover over all the different air-to-air weapons brought with the F-14B Tomcat.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Air Gun==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat is outfitted with the M61A1 Vulcan 6-barreled Gatling cannon, being able to hold up a maximum of 675 rounds internally.<br />
<br />
===Gun Rates===<br />
The cannon offers 2 modes of combat in the F-14B: <br />
<br />
* '''LOW:''' mode which slows down the muzzle rate, used for Air-to-Ground.<br />
* '''HIGH:''' mode which is to be used for Basic Fighter Maneuvering. (BFM)<br />
<br />
===Gun Modes===<br />
The cannon for Air-to-Air mode is able to be placed into 2 following positions:<br />
<br />
* '''Manual:''' this mode is able to be selected by depressing the CAGE/SEAM button, which will then only display the pipper and ammo count.<br />
* '''Real-Time:''' this mode is the regular, default mode. Along with a radar lock, the pipper will calculate to be accurate when directed to the diamond contact box.<br />
<br />
===Symbology===<br />
[[File:f14 gun aa.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
''Using Real-Time mode.''<br />
<br />
The symbology for the cannon is displayed on the HUD with the weapon master selector in the GUN position, and display in A/A. By default, the gun rounds indicator will be displayed as 0 for rounds per 100. Located next to the display panel to the right is the gun ammo counter. Additionally, the gunsight elevation is also able to be adjusted underneath the steer commands on the display panel.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Air Missiles==<br />
===AIM-54 Phoenix===<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
====AIM-54A Mk.60====<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
====AIM-54C Mk.47====<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
===AIM-7 Sparrow===<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
===AIM-9 Sidewinder===<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
=Air-to-Ground Weapons=<br />
----<br />
The F-14B Tomcat comes with a variety of air-to-ground weapons after the upgrade to the Bombcat.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Ground Gun==<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Ground Bombs==<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
===Mk-20/81/82/83/84 GPB===<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
===GBU-12/14/16 LGB===<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
===BDU-33 Training Bomb===<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
===ADM-141 TALD===<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Ground Rockets==<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
=Resources=<br />
----<br />
==Manuals & Documents==<br />
* [https://info.publicintelligence.net/F14AAP-1B.pdf F-14B NATOPS Pocket Checklist]<br />
* [http://www.heatblur.se/F-14Manual/ Heatblur F-14 Manual]<br />
<br />
==Heatblur's Videos==<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q1o7E9pb95Y Episode 1: Overview]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OO3IdQjAdDA Episode 2: Pilot's Cockpit Walkaround]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ws1GxPG2ZXw Episode 3: Cold And Dark (Full Startup)]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kgpGO7fj4oU Episode 4: The RIO's Office]<br />
<br />
==Jabbers' Tutorial Videos==<br />
(They're good!)<br />
<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2qwlJs__iYk Pilot - Startup/Taxi/Takeoff with JESTER AI]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b5opjCygZug Pilot - Maneuvering and Flight Characteristics]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f4y2oZ-7rM8 Pilot - Air-to-Air Refueling]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ujk4hL_EnUc Pilot - ACM - Radar Acquisition Modes]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wftck0C3fJ8 Pilot - Weapons - Zuni Rockets with JESTER AI]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4m-Q02gxFEA Pilot - Weapons - AIM-9 Sidewinder]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SWeHtpJ00JI RIO - Startup]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r4-Dd4ss2Rc RIO - AWG-9 Radar]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YG7sWweg2RQ RIO - IFF Interrogation]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2q-bHFyTEr8 Overview - AIM-54C Mk.47 Phoenix - Tacview Debrief]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PyAQpqVhtBY Overview - AIM-54A Mk.60 Phoenix - Tacview Debrief]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4groy-_Bxfk Quick Tips - AIM-54 Phoenix]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Is3AtOX-abw Quick Tips - Bombing]</div>Siriushttps://wiki.hoggitworld.com/index.php?title=F-14A/B&diff=10593F-14A/B2019-09-06T00:05:24Z<p>Sirius: /* Air-to-Air Gun */</p>
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{{ModuleInfo<br />
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<br />
''Credits to Jak for having the [[F/A-18C]] page serve as a guide and filler content on related systems.''<br />
<br />
The Grumman '''F-14A/B''' Tomcat is a two-seat, twin-engine supersonic variable wing-sweep fighter aircraft. The F-14 was the first US fighter jet with twin tails and was the largest & heaviest US fighter to ever fly from an aircraft carrier. The reason that the F-14 was so incredibly large and heavy was that it carried the large AWG-9 radar and accompanying AIM-54 Phoenix (air-to-air) missiles: this very capable combination allowed the F-14 to make shots of up to 200 nautical miles at the bad guys. Also, being big means you can carry a lot of fuel!<br />
<br />
Of course, the practical range of the AWG-9 is rather more limited, especially if you are shooting at more maneuverable fighter-sized targets, but even at these closer ranges, the AIM-54 Phoenix is still a capable missile that should not be underestimated. The F-14 is also capable of carrying an array of air-to-ground weapons, such as dumb bombs in both high and low drag forms, air-to-ground Zuni rockets and even laser-guided bombs, which can be self-designated using the LANTIRN targeting pod on the F-14.<br />
<br />
Most people will recognize and adore the F-14 because of its stardom presence in that one weird volleyball movie from the '80s. Its on-screen presence in movies will make the F-14 to appear docile and easy to fly, but due to lack of a fly-by-wire the F-14 can be a real handful: it being a pilot's aircraft however makes it fun to fly and learn. The analogous nature of the F-14 (comparable to the F-5E II Tigershark) will give you a good knowledge of the airplane over time but requires a bit of a different mindset that the computerized flight of the F/A-18C and the F-15.<br />
<br />
__TOC__<br />
<br />
=Weapons List=<br />
----<br />
==Implemented==<br />
Partially or fully implemented weapons of the F14/A/B Tomcat:<br />
* M61 Vulcan Six-Barreled Gatling Gun<br />
* AIM-7M/F Sparrow<br />
* CAP/AIM-9M Sidewinder<br />
* AIM-54A Phoenix Mk. 60<br />
* AIM-54C Phoenix Mk. 47<br />
* Mk-81, 82, 83, and 84 <br />
* GBU-10, 12, 16, and 24 <br />
* MK-20 Rockeye<br />
* Zuni Rockets<br />
* BDU-33 Practice Bombs<br />
* ADM-141 TALD<br />
* LUU-2 Parachute Flare<br />
* Smokewinder<br />
* LANTIRN Pod<br />
* FPU-1 Fuel Tank<br />
<br />
==Planned==<br />
Weapons not yet implemented into the Tomcat:<br />
* TARPS Pod<br />
<br />
=Hands On Throttle And Stick (HOTAS)=<br />
----<br />
==Throttle==<br />
[[File:throttle.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The throttle of the F-14 Tomcat consists of 2 quadrants, both for the left and right engines. There is an afterburner detent along with a cutoff detent for maximum throttle and shutdown of the engine for each quadrant.<br />
<br />
The throttle has the following controls:<br />
# '''Speed Brake Switch:''' 2-position switch. "EXT" is a momentary and needed input position that extends the speed brake outward depending on the aircraft speed.<br />
# '''Wing Sweep Switch:''' 4-way hat switch. "AUTO" sets the wing to sweep automatically determined by an onboard computer, "BOMB" sets the wing to sweep in an angled position between fully extended and retracted and dependent on speed for the air-to-ground bombing.<br />
# '''PLM Button:''' multifunction button. When the steering command is in A2A mode, this acts as a pilot lock-on tool for the AWG-9 radar. But when used for landing and/or in the LDG steering command mode, this allows for disengagement of the ACLS.<br />
# '''CAGE/SEAM Button:''' multifunction button. When the steering command is in A2A mode, this allows for CAGE/SEAM lock-on of the AIM-9 Sidewinder. But when used for landing and/or in the LDG steering command mode, this allows for disengagement of the APC.<br />
# '''Exterior Light Switch:''' 2-position switch. Used to toggle the exterior lights of the aircraft.<br />
# '''ICS PTT Switch:''' 2-position switch. Acts as a push-to-talk system for the ICS system inside of the aircraft used between the Pilot and RIO. (or JESTER AI)<br />
<br />
==Control Stick==<br />
[[File:stick.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The control stick is located in the center of the cockpit, mounted onto the floor. Left and right movements of the control stick direct hydraulic movement to the spoilers and horizontal stabilizers of the aircraft. Forward and backward movement result to respectively the same but to the horizontal stabilizers.<br />
<br />
The control stick has the following controls:<br />
# '''Bomb Release Button:''' single-purpose button. When pressed in A2G steering command mode, all pylons selected with bombs will release respective of the ripple settings, type, and interval.<br />
# '''Trim Hat:''' 4-way hat switch. Upward movement moves the aircraft downward, and downward movement moves the aircraft upward. Both left and right movements follow to their directions according to their name.<br />
# '''Weapon Select Hat:''' 4-way hat switch. Bottom selection is OFF, and a ridge requires a momentary push action to move in/out of to GUN. Following all to the top are SW, then SP/PH which requires a momentary push action to switch between.<br />
# '''DLC & Maneuver Flap Command Wheel:''' scrollable dial. Moving it with the landing gears fully deployed acts as a variable control for spoiler extension. With the landing gears up, the dial also acts the same but for flaps and slats.<br />
# '''DLC Engage/Disengage & CMS Dispense Button:''' multifunction button. When pressed with the landing gears fully deployed, this controls the engagement and disengagement of the DLC system. But with the landing gears fully retracted, this allows for pilot control of the CMS system.<br />
# '''Autopilot Reference & NWS Button:''' multifunction button. When the aircraft is up in the air, this controls specific autopilot settings. But when the aircraft is on the ground, this controls the activation of the nosewheel steering system.<br />
# '''Autopilot Emergency Disengage Paddle:''' multifunction button. Disengages all autopilot modes and DLC and releases all autopilot switches and roll and pitch SAS switches to OFF position.<br />
# '''Weapon Firing Trigger:''' two-stage trigger switch. The first detent enables CTVS and gun camera. Second detent releases selected forwards firing the weapon.<br />
<br />
=Flight Controls & Landing Gear=<br />
----<br />
==Flight Controls==<br />
[[File:Wheels-flaps.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The F-14B has a large hydraulic system which covers for all of the control surfaces of the aircraft. Without the hydraulic system, or taking damage the controls are in risk of improperly working. The F-14 Tomcat was the last of its generation to have no integration of an FBW or FCS system, which was introduced with the F-15 Eagle.<br />
<br />
The F-14's primary flight controls are:<br />
* '''Left Spoilers (LES):''' A set of spoilers that lie within the left wing of the aircraft that help with aileron movement and control that react opposite of the intended direction.<br />
* '''Right Spoilers (RES):''' A set of spoilers that lie within the right wing of the aircraft that help with aileron movement and control that react opposite of the intended direction.<br />
* '''Tailerons (TAIL):''' Two horizontal stabilizers located on the rear end of the aircraft that control both pitch and aileron movement.<br />
* '''Leading Edge Flaps (LEF):''' Normal slats located on the leading (front) edge of the wings to add lift.<br />
* '''Trailing Edge Flaps (TEF):''' Normal flaps located on the trailing (back) edge of the wings to add lift.<br />
<br />
<br />
The control stick controls the stabilators, ailerons, and rudder and the rudder pedals control the rudder.<br />
<br />
===Flaps System===<br />
The aircraft's flap system provides more lift (and as a byproduct, drag). The flaps lever has two positions:<br />
* '''NONE:''' This applies no flap whatsoever to the wings of the aircraft.<br />
* '''FULL:''' This applies full movement of flaps to the wings of the aircraft.<br />
<br />
<br />
The flaps lever allows for variable movement, which gives the pilot the ability to control the amount of flap they wish for.<br />
<br />
===Speed Brake===<br />
The speed brake is a flap located on the end of the aircraft designed to provide drag to decelerate faster. It is activated via the speed brake switch on the throttle. The two positions are:<br />
* '''EXT:''' When the switch is moved aft, this extends the speed brake of the aircraft out depending on the airspeed.<br />
* '''RET:''' When the switch is moved forward, this retracts the speed brake.<br />
<br />
===Trim===<br />
The tailerons are capable of being trimmed to make roll and pitch corrections. This is accomplished with the trim hat on the controls stick. When the autopilot system is engaged, the onboard computer will attempt to make active trim movements in order to keep the aircraft within the specified attitude when set, along of the setting parameters. As speed is either gained or lost, the trim will actively move the stick as well along of the tailerons to adapt.<br />
<br />
===Wing Sweep===<br />
The wings of the aircraft are a variable-sweep design allowing for automatic or manual movements from pilot input on the right throttle quadrant. Similar to wing fold, the wings are able to be overswept from its maximum position through a master reset of the system in order to allow tighter space and closer parking on the carrier deck.<br />
<br />
==Landing Gear==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat has 3 retractable landing gears: the nose gear, the left gear, and the right gear. The gear is moved via the gear lever on the left side of the cockpit. In the up position, the gear will retract. In the down position, the gear will extend. The gear lever cannot be put up with weight on wheels. The gear will not retract with the launch bar extended.<br />
<br />
===Nosewheel Steering===<br />
The nose gear features nosewheel steering (NWS) controlled by the rudder pedals. With the weight off of the wheels, it is disengaged. It automatically engages upon there being the weight on wheels. NWS is disengaged manually via the button on the stick.<br />
<br />
===Launch Bar===<br />
On the front nosegear is a launch bar that attaches the airplane to a catapult from launches from an aircraft carrier. Its deployment is pilot-controlled, but it is connected to the catapult by the ground crew (DCS default binding is U).<br />
<br />
It is controlled via the launch bar switch on the left upper console. When the switch in the RETRACT position, the launch bar will retract, but physically cannot do so when connected to the catapult. The switch will move to the RETRACT position automatically when there is a weight off wheels. In the EXTEND position, the launch bar will extend if there is the weight on wheels.<br />
<br />
=Autopilot and Autothrottle=<br />
----<br />
The F-14 Tomcat has the ability to automate certain types of flight via its Automatic Flight Control System (AFCS) and Automatic Throttle Control (ATC). The AFCS, or simply the autopilot, control the flight surfaces and the ATC controls the throttles.<br />
<br />
==AFCS==<br />
[[File:afcs.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The Automatic Flight Control System (AFCS), or just the "autopilot", controls the aircraft's flight controls to automate maneuvering. It is interfaced on the autopilot panel via the A/P engage switch. On the autopilot panel, there are 7 modes able to be toggled:<br />
# '''Pitch Stabilizer Augmentation:''' 2-position switch. This switch controls the ability for the pitch to be augmented for dampening.<br />
# '''Roll Stabilizer Augmentation:''' 2-position switch. This switch controls the ability for the roll to be augmented for dampening.<br />
# '''Yaw Stabilizer Augmentation:''' 2-position switch. This switch controls the ability for the yaw to be augmented for dampening.<br />
# '''VEC/PCD/ACL Switch:''' 3-position switch. This switch controls the remote control modes of autopilot with the steering bars and ACLS.<br />
# '''ALT Switch:''' 2-position switch.' This switch controls the ability to maintain the current altitude when autopilot is engaged.<br />
# '''HDG/GT Switch:''' 3-position switch. This switch controls the ability to maintain the current heading when autopilot is engaged.<br />
# '''ENGAGE Switch:''' 2-position switch. This switch engages and disengages the autopilot.<br />
<br />
==ATC==<br />
The automatic throttle control (ATC), or just "autothrottle", controls the physical throttles and thereby automated thrust control. ATC is toggled via ATC engage/disengage switch next to the throttle. When the ATC is engaged, the physical means of the throttle quadrants will begin to move on their own. However, whenever the pilot makes any new movement to the throttle whatsoever, the ATC will disengage to allow pilot control over both of the engines. The ATC is primarily used for landing on a carrier along of the ACLS system.<br />
<br />
=Digital Systems Overview=<br />
----<br />
[[File:displays.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
==Pilot==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat comes with 2 digital display screens in the Pilot cockpit:<br />
* '''Vertical Display Indicator (VDI):''' a multifunction display that allows for the pilot to see their HUD in a form of a repeater, and the [[#Television Camera Set|TCS]].<br />
* '''Horizontal Situation Display Indicator (HSD):''' a multifunction display that allows for the pilot to see their virtual compass for navigation modes, and the [[#AWG-9 Pulse-Doppler Radar|AWG-9 Radar]] from the RIO TID as a repeater.<br />
<br />
===Heads Up Display===<br />
The head-up display (HUD) is a projected display at the front of the cockpit that serves as the primary flight instrument. It also provides various indications for weapon delivery; this section will cover the HUD's indications in NAV master mode. Master mode/weapon-specific indications on the HUD will be covered in the relevant section.<br />
<br />
====Reject Modes====<br />
Via the switches next to the TO button on the displays panel, you are able to "declutter" or remove information off of the HUD.<br />
<br />
==Radar Intercept Officer==<br />
The Radar Intercept Officer (RIO) comes with 3 digital display screens in the RIO cockpit:<br />
* '''Detail Data Display (DDD):''' a dual-purpose display that allows for the RIO to see contacts on the [[#AWG-9 Pulse-Doppler Radar|radar]], based on the range and radar mode.<br />
* '''Tactical Information Display (TID):''' a multi-purpose display that allows for the RIO to see their [[#AWG-9 Pulse-Doppler Radar|AWG-9]] situational awareness, [[#Television Camera Set|TCS]], [[#TARPS Pod|TARPS]] and [[#LANTIRN Targeting Pod|LANTIRN]] pods.<br />
* '''Horizontal Situation Display Indicator (HSD):''' a multi-purpose display as to the one in the pilot cockpit.<br />
<br />
==Master Modes==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat has 5 primarily modes for information displayed. The 5 master modes are:<br />
* '''TO:''' switch. Displays takeoff information on HUD and VDI for degrees.<br />
* '''CRUISE:''' single-purpose button. Displays in-air flight information on HUD and VDI for degrees.<br />
* '''A/A:''' single-purpose button. Displays air-to-air information on HUD and VDI for degrees; and weapon employment.<br />
* '''A/G:''' single-purpose button. Displays air-to-ground information on HUD and VDI for degrees; and weapon employment.<br />
* '''LDG:''' single-purpose button. Displays landing information on HUD and VDI for degrees.<br />
<br />
<br />
Additionally, the F-14 Tomcat has an Air Combat Maneuver (ACM) panel which controls all air-to-air and air-to-ground aspects for armament.<br />
<br />
=Navigation=<br />
----<br />
The F-14 Tomcat has an inertial navigation system (INS) that allows the pilot to navigate by internal gyros aligned. However, due to the fault of having no GPS assistance, these gyros slowly drift over time and cause misalignment for visual information.<br />
<br />
==HSD==<br />
[[File:Hsd.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The Horizontal Situation Display Indicator (HSD) is the primary interface with the airplane's navigation systems. The HSI can be accessed from the bottom display screen. The basic function of the HSI is a rotating compass with a looking-from-above perspective. The controls for this screen are:<br />
# '''BRT Control:''' dial. Controls the brightness of the HSD screen.<br />
# '''HDG Control:''' dial. Controls the heading reference in TACAN mode.<br />
# '''CRS Control:''' dial. Controls the course heading reference in MAN and TACAN modes.<br />
# '''Test Button:''' single-purpose button. Resets the HSD screen if overload protection activates.<br />
# '''BIT Indicator:''' light. Shows a white light if a failure produces in the HSD.<br />
<br />
=== Steering Commands ===<br />
The HSD comes with a set of 5 different steering commands, which each have their own purpose towards displaying certain information:<br />
* '''TACAN:''' single-purpose button. Displays information based off of a radio beacon with range and direction.<br />
* '''DEST:''' single-purpose button. Displays information off of a selected waypoint from the RIO with range and direction.<br />
* '''AWL/PCD:''' single-purpose button. Displays information off of an ICLS frequency with azimuth and elevation bars (on VDI and HUD)<br />
* '''VEC:''' single-purpose button. ? (needs more info.)<br />
* '''MAN:''' single-purpose button. Displays information off of an entered heading (HDG Control) with direction.<br />
<br />
==Waypoints==<br />
The F-14B comes with an onboard flight computer system that handles waypoint navigation during in-air flight. The navigation system in the F-14B Tomcat gives a variety of waypoint holders, along with information for a set home plate.<br />
<br />
===Pilot===<br />
For the F-14B pilot, the waypoint information is able to be accessed by the DEST steering command and by using the NAV HSD display mode.<br />
<br />
===Radar Intercept Officer===<br />
For the F-14B Radar Intercept Officer, (RIO) the waypoints must be manually assigned by the RIO through the Computer Address Panel (CAP) system under the TAC DATA category. Once done, the waypoint must be selected through the CAP and entered in with coordinates similar to how INS alignment procedures are done.<br />
<br />
==TACAN==<br />
Tactical Air Navigation (TACAN) is a military radio navigation system. A TACAN beacon allows for an aircraft to determine its bearing and range from it, and using this information can navigate. TACAN's may be ground-based or be broadcasted by an airplane. TACAN channels have two bands, X and Y, and range from 1-126. 2 TACAN channels may be set present in the aircraft by both the Pilot and RIO for simultaneous use.<br />
<br />
The TACAN setting knobs give a range of these options:<br />
*'''T/R:''' Transmit and receive. Gets bearing and range from the TACAN.<br />
*'''RCV:''' Receive. Gets bearing from the TACAN.<br />
*'''A/A:''' Air-to-air TACAN mode.<br />
*'''X:''' Tunes the selected frequency on the X band.<br />
*'''Y:''' Tunes the selected frequency on the Y band.<br />
<br />
==ICLS==<br />
For night and low visibility operations, aircraft carriers have an Instrument Carrier Landing System (ICLS) to allow for instrument approaches to the carrier. ICLS provides horizontal and vertical guidance. The F-14 is equipped with ICLS.<br />
<br />
To activate the airplane's ICLS antenna, an ICLS dial is present to the right of the warning lights advisory panel, with an ARA on/off switch, used to toggle power to the system.<br />
<br />
When ILS is selected on the HSI, two bars, one horizontal and one vertical, appear near the velocity vector on the HUD. These indicate a vertical and horizontal deviation from the optimal glideslope (3°) and course to the deck. When they are both aligned with the velocity vector (making a "+"), the aircraft is on course.<br />
<br />
==ACLS==<br />
For CAT III conditions and poor visibility, the F-14 is equipped with the Automatic Carrier Landing System (ACLS) to allow an automatic flight to the carrier via. a radio-guided input from a Landing Signal Officer. (LSO) The auto-throttle and autopilot systems must be engaged and present during the time of activation with this system, along with lights given to the left of the VDI display.<br />
<br />
Datalink is required between the aircraft and the carrier in order for ACLS to work. When the best position of the azimuth and glideslope bars are within parameters, the nosewheel steering button is pressed in order to engage guidance.<br />
<br />
==Navigation Failures==<br />
The F-14B has a variety of navigation failures that may/can occur, including methods to fix them.<br />
<br />
===Navigation Fix Update===<br />
An error of latitude or longitude in the computer position of the aircraft can be corrected by a navigation fix update. Updating is especially important in the backup modes (AHRS AM and IMU/ AM) because of the estimated winds and magnetic variation changes. A nav fix is done via a ground-reference-point (latitude and longitude) position. The range and bearing of this position to the present aircraft position are used to update or correct existing values. The nav system may be updated by either a radar fix, a TACAN fix, or a visual fix.<br />
<br />
Before performing a nav fix, the latitude and longitude of the desired update point (radar, TACAN, or visual) must be stored in one of eight navigation point locations (three WPs, FIX PT, HOME BASE, HOST AREA, DEF PT, and IP). This data can be stored prior to flight by data link or by manual insertion. Then follow these steps:<br />
<br />
# Hook the Waypoint you choose to select for the nav fix.<br />
# Check the stored latitude and longitude on the TID.<br />
# Rotate the CATEGORY switch to NAV and select the desired type of update.<br />
<br />
<br />
Note that updating the position while in INS, and to a lesser degree while in IMU, can introduce a greater navigational position error than already present, in particular, if radar fix is used to update the nav system. Updates with a visual or TACAN fix provide reasonable accuracy (assuming a good MAG VAR during TACAN updates). Updating your nav system via a nav fix should be primarily used in the AHRS mode.<br />
<br />
===Radar Fix Update===<br />
An RDR FIX may be selected before or after positioning the DDD cursors. If the RDR FIX button is depressed, the computer computes the present position of the aircraft by measuring the range and bearing from the selected point. The delta between the computer position and the position determined by the INS is then displayed on the TID. If the entry of this delta into the navigation computations is desired, press the FIX ENABLE button. If the delta does not appear to be correct, the computer and the readout can be cleared by pressing the RDR FIX button. The fix may then be attempted again. The RIO should also perform periodic checks of own aircraft system altitude and update the altitude if necessary.<br />
<br />
Radar updating is performed as follows:<br />
<br />
# TID CURSOR/CAP - Hook Desired Navigation Point for Update.<br />
# PULSE SRCH button - Depress.<br />
# On sensor control panel: STAB switch - IN. EL BARS switch - 1. AZ SCAN switch - As Desired.<br />
# RDR FIX button - Depress.<br />
# DDD CURSOR button - Depress.<br />
# Action switch - Half Action (first detent).<br />
# Cursor is displayed on DDD.<br />
# Manipulate hand control DDD cursor over desired ground map point.<br />
# Action switch - Full Action and Release. (This will cause the DDD cursor to remain at the selected position.<br />
# Observe the delta for LAT and LONG on TID.<br />
# If readouts are unsatisfactory, deselect RDR FIX and repeat steps 4 through 12.<br />
# FIX ENABLE button - Depress.<br />
<br />
===TACAN Update===<br />
To perform a nav fix by TACAN requires that a restored waypoint shares identical LAT and LONG values with the TACAN station that will be used for the fix. Select the TACAN channel for the desired station and verify by listening to the coded identifier tone in the headset.<br />
<br />
Press the TACAN FIX button to update the aircraft position from a TACAN station. The WCS computer then calculates the own aircraft position error based on the range and bearing from the TACAN station. The delta is then entered in the same manner as with a radar fix.<br />
<br />
Perform a TACAN fix following these steps:<br />
<br />
# Select a TACAN channel whose latitude and longitude correspond to an update point.<br />
# Hook desired update point (WAYPT 1, FIX PT, HOME BASE, etc.).<br />
# CATEGORY switch - NAV.<br />
# TACAN FIX button - Depress.<br />
# Observe present position delta readout.<br />
# If delta is unsatisfactory, deselect TACAN FIX and repeat steps 2 through 7.<br />
# FIX ENABLE button - Depress.<br />
<br />
===Visual Update===<br />
To perform a visual fix, fly over a restored waypoint and press the VIS FIX button. Estimate your timing, because the aircraft nose and fuselage can obscure the fixed point during an overflight. It is also difficult to estimate when directly overhead a waypoint if the aircraft altitude is greater than 10.000 feet. The delta for the visual fix is displayed on the TID. Enter the delta by pressing FIX ENABLE.<br />
<br />
To perform a visual fix use the following steps:<br />
<br />
# Hook desired update point (WAY PT, HB, IP, etc.).<br />
# Select NAV category on CAP.<br />
# Overfly the selected restored point and when over the point, depress the VIS FIX button on the cap.<br />
# If the delta is not satisfactory, press VIS FIX again to clear the delta and repeat from step 1.<br />
# If a satisfactory delta is displayed, depress the FIX ENABLE button; this causes the delta correction of own-aircraft position to be inserted into the computer.<br />
<br />
===Datalink Update===<br />
To perform a data link update of the aircraft INS to the TDS frame of reference, the aircraft and TDS must share a prebriefed waypoint, identical in latitude and longitude. Enter this LAT/LONG data into the HOST AREA pseudo target file. The TDS will uplink the common reference point as a data link waypoint. When the aircraft and TDS INS systems agree, the data link waypoint and host area symbols will be superimposed on the TID. If they drift apart, the two pseudo targets on the TID will drift as well.<br />
<br />
To perform an update via data link, use the following steps:<br />
<br />
# Hook data link waypoint corresponding prebriefed reference point.<br />
# Select NAV category on CAP.<br />
# Overfly the hooked data link waypoint. When immediately over the point, press VIS FIX button on CAP.<br />
# Observe delta LAT and LONG on TID.<br />
# If deltas are satisfactory and update is desired, depress FIX ENABLE.<br />
# After a data link update, HOST AREA and data link waypoint should be superimposed on the TID again.<br />
<br />
===Fighter-to-Fighter Navigation Update===<br />
Net aircraft that use fighter-to-fighter data link can update their navigation system in the FF/DL mode. To update LAT/LONG hook the net aircraft symbol of an aircraft that is in close proximity and select F/F NAV UPDATE on the CAP. This will enter the hooked aircraft’s coordinates into the INS as own-aircraft coordinates. To update the nav system on an aircraft that is not close, first obtain a radar STT on that aircraft, hook the STT-ed aircraft on the TID and then press F/F NAV UPDATE on the CAP.<br />
<br />
=Defensive Systems=<br />
----<br />
The F-14B is equipped with various defensive systems: the AN/ALE-39 Countermeasure Dispensing System (CMDS), for the release of chaff and flares, the AN/ALQ-126 Deception ECM (DECM), for jamming enemy radar, and the AN/ALR-67 Radar Warning Reciever (RWR), for detection of enemy radar emitters and missile launches.<br />
<br />
==AN/ALR-67 RWR==<br />
[[File:alr-67.png|thumb|400px]]<br />
The AN/ALR-67 Radar Warning Receiver (RWR) provides the Hornet the ability to detect radars via the radio/microwave radiation they emit.<br />
<br />
===Audio Tones===<br />
Accompanying the RWR are various audio feedback tones:<br />
*'''Single Beep:''' A new ground- or sea-based emitter has been detected.<br />
*'''Double Beep:''' A new airborne emitter has been detected.<br />
*'''Repeating Beep:''' An emitter is tracking.<br />
*'''Faster Repeating Beep:''' An emitter is guiding a missile or is a missile.<br />
<br />
<br />
On the RWR gauge, the RWR knob will control the volume of the RWR tones.<br />
<br />
===Emitter Identifiers===<br />
''This list is, at present, not complete.''<br />
{|class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"<br />
!Type<br />
!RWR ID<br />
|-<br />
|U<br />
|Unknown<br />
|-<br />
|M<br />
|Active radar-homing missile<br />
|-<br />
|S<br />
|Search radar<br />
|-<br />
|3<br />
|SA-3 "Goa"<br />
|-<br />
|6<br />
|SA-6 "Gainful"<br />
|-<br />
|8<br />
|SA-8 "Gecko"<br />
|-<br />
|10<br />
|SA-10 "Grumble"<br />
|-<br />
|11<br />
|SA-11 "Gadfly"<br />
|-<br />
|11<br />
|F-111 Aardvark<br />
|-<br />
|12<br />
|SA-12 "Gladiator"<br />
|-<br />
|13<br />
|SA-13 "Gopher"<br />
|-<br />
|13<br />
|C-130 Hercules<br />
|-<br />
|14<br />
|F-14 Tomcat<br />
|-<br />
|15<br />
|F-15 Eagle<br />
|-<br />
|15 <br />
|SA-15 "Gauntlet"<br />
|-<br />
|16<br />
|F-16 Fighting Falcon<br />
|-<br />
|17<br />
|C-17 Globemaster III<br />
|-<br />
|18<br />
|F/A-18 Hornet<br />
|-<br />
|22<br />
|Tu-22 "Blinder"<br />
|-<br />
|23<br />
|MiG-23 "Flogger"<br />
|-<br />
|24<br />
|Su-24 "Fencer"<br />
|-<br />
|25<br />
|MiG-25 "Foxbat"<br />
|-<br />
|29<br />
|MiG-29 "Fulcrum"<br />
|-<br />
|29<br />
|Su-27 "Flanker"<br />
|-<br />
|29<br />
|Su-33 "Flanker-D"<br />
|-<br />
|30<br />
|Su-30 "Flanker-C"<br />
|-<br />
|31<br />
|MiG-31 "Foxhound"<br />
|-<br />
|34<br />
|Su-34 "Fullback"<br />
|-<br />
|39<br />
|Su-25M "Frogfoot"<br />
|-<br />
|40<br />
|''Spruance''-class destroyer<br />
|-<br />
|48<br />
|''Nimitz''-class carrier<br />
|-<br />
|49<br />
|''Oliver Hazard Perry''-class frigate<br />
|-<br />
|50<br />
|A-50 "Mainstay"<br />
|-<br />
|52<br />
|B-52 Stratofortress<br />
|-<br />
|76<br />
|IL-76 "Candid"<br />
|-<br />
|78<br />
|IL-78 "Midas"<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==AN/ALE-39 CMDS==<br />
[[File:f14 cms.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The AN/ALE-39 is the countermeasures dispensing set installed in the F-14B in this simulation. It controls its own set of launchers located between the engine nozzles on the underside of the so-called beaver-tail. The launchers each have two sections, one containing 10 cartridges and the other 20. They are referred to the left and right dispensers even though the left is really the front one and the right the back one with both being mounted inline on the left side of the tailhook. This is a remnant from the earliest model F-14s carrying the AN/ALE-29.<br />
<br />
This all sums up to a capacity of 60 cartridges in the system with each section necessarily holding one type of cartridges meaning that any combination of cartridges is possible as long as each type’s quantity is a multiple of 10. The system itself has no real knowledge of what is loaded where so incorrectly programming the system can lead to the wrong type of cartridge being ejected.<br />
<br />
===Cockpit Controls===<br />
The system itself can be operated manually from the control panel in the RIO pit or the DLC thumbwheel on the pilot stick when the flaps lever is in the up position. It is also capable of running programmed sequences of ejection which in turn can be initiated manually by the RIO from the control panel or the direction hats mounted on the handhold over the DDD. In addition, the AN/ALR-67 can also initiate the chaff ejection program if set up correctly on the AN/ALE-39 control panel.<br />
<br />
==AN/ALQ-126 DECM==<br />
The AN/ALQ-126 deception jammer is designed to detect radar threats, analyze them, select the optimum countermeasure technique available and apply it. Available techniques for jamming are amongst others, main lobe blanking, inverse con-scan, range-gate pull-off and swept square modes. In DCS this is modeled as a simple noise jammer due to engine limitations but controlled by the DECM logic as to when it’s on or off.<br />
<br />
===Cockpit Controls===<br />
The controls for the AN/ALQ-126 DECM are all located on the right horizontal panel in the RIO pit, the panel as the image above. In addition, there are two indication lights co-located with the RWR threat indicators on the right side of the TID. The mode selector knob controls power and operational mode that the system is in. The modes for the DECM are as follows:<br />
<br />
* '''OFF:''' turns off power to the system. STBY begins pre-warming of the system, taking in all-around 5 minutes.<br />
* '''TEST HOLD 3 SEC:''' is used to prepare the system for BIT, after 3 seconds in this mode, turn the knob to TEST - ACT.<br />
* '''TEST ACT:''' starts the BIT in the system. The BIT takes approximately 30 seconds and the RCV light will be illuminated the whole time while the XMIT light will flash twice. If the STANDBY light illuminates it indicates that a no-go condition exists in the system.<br />
* '''REC:''' enables the system to receive the only mode, enabling analyzation of threats and also the threat audio.<br />
* '''RPT:''' enables full system functionality, in addition to REC it also now tries to jam threats according to the selected method.<br />
<br />
=Television Camera Set=<br />
----<br />
[[File:tcs_symbology.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The F-14B is outfitted with the ALQ-100 Television Camera Set (TCS) pod, used for visually identifying aircraft during the time of which IFF was not a trusted/more inferior method to confirming hostile aircraft and to keep track of their position, as well as their living status.<br />
<br />
==Symbology==<br />
On the TID, in non-TV mode, a TCS track is indicated by a 1.5” strobe at TCS LOS azimuth with a hollow circle at the end.<br />
<br />
The symbology on the video feed from the TCS has indicators for the FOV and two crosshairs indicating TCS LOS relative own aircraft, GACH, and AN/AWG-9 radar LOS relative TCS LOS, RACH. Additionally, the track window is indicated by 4 small squares representing each corner of that window.<br />
<br />
The gimbal angle crosshairs or GACH, which is a solid cross, indicate deflection of the TCS LOS from the aircraft datum line, ADL. GACH crosshair in the center indicates TCS LOS along ADL and deflection towards the edges indicate deflection towards the gimbal limits with the video edges being maximum deflection.<br />
<br />
RACH or radar angle crosshairs, a dashed crosshair, indicate radar antenna LOS when inside the current TCS FOV. When the sensors slave to one another RACH and GACH will coincide creating a single solid crosshair.<br />
<br />
The track window indicates the area that the TCS contrast tracker is currently locked on to if it has acquired a target. When not in an active track these squares collapse into the center of the display being 2% of the screen width when in manual mode and 5% when in an auto mode.<br />
<br />
=LANTIRN Targeting Pod=<br />
----<br />
[[File:flir.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The F-14B can carry the AN/AAQ-14 Low Altitude Navigation and Targeting Infrared For Night (LANTIRN) targeting pod. This pod consists of a Forward-Looking Infrared (FLIR) camera (which also includes a digital charged coupled device camera) for target locating and observing, a Laser Target Designator/Ranger for firing a laser that both designates targets for laser-homing weapons and gathers ranging information for designating whatever the FLIR is pointed at as an air-to-ground, and a Laser Spot Tracker (LST) which can search for and track a laser, allowing for the FLIR to be cued onto an offboard (ground or air-designated) laser from another unit and then designate a Target off said point; this allows for most effective buddy-lasing. The targeting pod can be used in both air-to-ground and air-to-air functions, but the LTD/R and LST are only used for A/G operation.<br />
<br />
==Symbology==<br />
The following areas on the LANTIRN are to represent:<br />
# '''A/C Position Data:''' Displays aircraft LAT/LON, altitude, and groundspeed information.<br />
# '''LANTIRN Polarity:''' Displays white or hot background. AGC is for automatic gain control, MGC is for manual gain control.<br />
# '''LANTIRN Information:''' Gives general information on the pod. SR is for slant range, AZ/EL for azimuth/elevation of sight, and rest is UTC time.<br />
# '''LANTIRN Track Mode:''' Displays the current tracking mode. A/A is for air-to-air, A/G is for air-to-ground. Right side is for current selected weapon.<br />
# '''Track Data:''' Displays information of LAT/LON and altitude of where the sight is at.<br />
# '''Track:''' Displays the hairs for point and area track, and what the sight is directly pointed at.<br />
# '''Launch Envelopes:''' The top tape is for the heading relative of the aircraft to the track. The right side tape is for the release point.<br />
<br />
=TARPS Pod=<br />
----<br />
Not yet implemented.<br />
<br />
=Air-to-Air Radar=<br />
----<br />
==Detail Data Display==<br />
[[File:f14 ddd.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
Among the 3 digital displays, the Detail Data Display gives the RIO information about contacts from the AWG-9 radar in terms of range and radar mode, with respect to the notch filter.<br />
<br />
===Notch Filter===<br />
The AWG-9 radar in the F-14B Tomcat has a notch filter when using the pulse-doppler radar modes under certain conditions. These conditions include, but are not limited to:<br />
<br />
* ~100 knot difference of the aircraft relative to contact<br />
* Contact flying 90 degrees perpendicular CW/CCW to aircraft<br />
* Masking with ground terrain scan return<br />
<br />
<br />
There is a rough line shown in the radar modes, likewise of the jamming lobe, for when considering the notch filter that the contact will disappear from.<br />
<br />
==Tactical Information Display==<br />
[[File:f14 tid.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The Tactical Information Display (TID) gives the RIO of the F-14B the main information on the AWG-9 radar, including situational awareness, range, altitude, and contact heading.<br />
<br />
===Display Modes===<br />
The TID comes with a total of 8 display modes available, that can be toggled either on or off for purposes of gathering more information or decluttering:<br />
<br />
* '''RID DISABLE:''' ? needs more info. Not yet implemented.<br />
* '''ALT NUM:''' Displays the altitude of contact with a singular digit rounded to the nearest thousand.<br />
* '''SYM ELEM:''' Displays the symbology of contacts corresponding to HAFU.<br />
* '''DATA LINK:''' Displays contacts from the datalink frequency.<br />
* '''JAM STROBE:''' Displays the jamming strobes. Not yet implemented.<br />
* '''NON-ATTK:''' Displays determined (manual IFF or datalink) HAFU of friendly contacts.<br />
* '''VEL VECTOR:''' Displays the velocity vectors of contacts.<br />
* '''LAUNCH ZONE:''' Displays contact approximate missile launch zones.<br />
<br />
==AN/AWG-9 Radar==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat is equipped with the AN/AWG-9 all-weather and pulse-doppler radar. It is a very long-range radar used for the main purpose of intercept.<br />
<br />
===Radar Modes===<br />
The AWG-9 in the F-14B comes with 2 types of radar modes: doppler and pulse-doppler search. Of those two, subsets are able to be observed as 5 in this list:<br />
<br />
* '''PD SRCH:''' Pulse-Doppler Search mode. No bias factor of the radar, but impedes to pulse-doppler methods.<br />
* '''PD STT:''' Pulse-Doppler Single Target Track mode. By default upon acquiring a lock with the AWG-9, the radar will move to this function mode. It is currently suspectable to the notch filter.<br />
* '''RWS:''' Range While Search mode. The radar will prioritize the range of targets but not other factors. Falls under pulse-doppler.<br />
* '''TWS MAN:''' Track While Scan - Manual mode. The radar will prioritize the situational awareness of other targets but not give information on every target. The radar will also prioritize targets by threat importance.<br />
* '''TWS AUTO:''' Track While Scan - Auto mode. The radar will perform the same as TWS Man, but the elevation and azimuth controls will be automated in the process for an optimal scan.<br />
* '''PULSE SRCH:''' Pulse Search mode. No bias factor of the radar and can not be impeded to the notch filter, unlike the pulse-doppler method. The radar will, however, output a return of everything that is scanned and requires tuning.<br />
* '''PULSE STT:''' Pulse Single Target Track mode. Performing similarly to Pulse Search mode, this function mode applies to only a single target and is not suspectable to the notch filter.<br />
<br />
====Pulse-Doppler Search Mode====<br />
[[File:f14 pulsedoppler.png|thumb|350px]]<br />
The pulse-doppler search mode is used mainly as a kind of early warning mode. It is the search mode with the greatest detection range but it can display no range to the RIO, only closure rate. For this reason, the TID can display no track information.<br />
<br />
====Pulse-Doppler STT Mode====<br />
[[File:f14 pdstt.png|thumb|350px]]<br />
The pulse-doppler STT works and looks much like the pulse STT mode. It does, however, have the same advantages and disadvantages compared to pulse STT as the other pulse-doppler modes compared to the pulse modes. This means that while much better at tracking a target close to the ground it is however vulnerable to notching.<br />
<br />
The DDD display for pulse-doppler STT looks like pulse STT display except that the target return and antenna azimuth display are moved to the left side of the screen and a generated synthetic target marker is displayed at the correct azimuth instead. This is so that the targets range can be displayed by the synthetic target, unlike the other pulse-doppler modes which only shows closure rate. The other symbology on the DDD in this mode are the same as in pulse STT.<br />
<br />
====Range While Search Mode====<br />
In range while search, a frequency measuring ranging mode is added (FM ranging) to allow the radar to measure the range of tracked targets in addition to closure rate. This additional processing does, however, mean that the effective range of the radar is somewhat lesser. The display on the DDD is the same as in pulse-doppler search, the TID however also shows tracks in this mode showing the targets as tracks momentarily as they’re scanned and displaying their position and altitude. <br />
<br />
The targets are shown for a maximum of two seconds or until the antenna again scans the same bar at the same azimuth at which time it is removed unless detected again. The maximum number of concurrently shown tracks are 48.<br />
<br />
====TWS Manual Mode====<br />
The track, while scan mode uses the same FM ranging as RWS with the same reduction in range compared to pulse-doppler search and the DDD display, is also the same. The main difference that the computer establishes track files and tracks up to 24 targets concurrently of which 18 can be shown on the TID at any given time.<br />
<br />
As the computer routine calculating these tracks need a set track refresh time of 2 seconds this limits available azimuth scan area and bar settings to either 20° 4 bars or 40° 2 bars. When entering TWS the computer automatically selects the ±20° 4 bar scan disregarding the RIO set scan volumes unless those are set to ±40° 2 bars in which case that is used instead.<br />
<br />
The TWS mode is also the only mode enabling guidance of the AIM-54 at multiple targets (up to six), and as soon as engageable targets are detected the computer starts assigning them a missile priority number according to optimal missile firing sequence.<br />
<br />
====TWS Auto Mode====<br />
Performing similarly to TWS Man mode, what differs between the two is that in TWS auto the computer takes control of used scan volume and scan pattern azimuth and elevation as soon as target tracks are present. The WCS computer automatically tries to optimize the scan volume and direction so that tracking of the prioritized targets is maximized. If not selected before launch the WCS overrides as soon as the first AIM-54 is launched and selects TWS Auto.<br />
<br />
====Pulse Search Mode====<br />
[[File:f14 pulse.png|thumb|350px]]<br />
Pulse search is used to search for and find airborne targets at range. It is possible to use this radar mode as a basic ground mapper as well which can be useful for navigation and navigational fixes and can also be used in a pinch to detect larger surface targets like ships. Keep in mind though that the radar is not built with this as its main function and that a real air-to-ground radar will outperform it handily.<br />
<br />
In this mode, the radar cannot by itself differentiate targets and generate tracks meaning that the WCS will not generate track files and display anything on the TID. This also means that pulse search is not capable of guiding missiles.<br />
<br />
====Pulse STT Mode====<br />
[[File:f14 pstt.png|thumb|350px]]<br />
Pulse STT is used to track a single target, like pulse search mode it is not susceptible to notching but it is to ground clutter. The fact that the STT modes use gates to track the target, in this case, range gates, means that it is less susceptible to ground clutter but a target close enough to the ground that the ground return enters the range gates would be likely to shake the lock.<br />
<br />
As it is only in the pulse-doppler modes that the missile guidance commands can be sent pulse STT is limited to launching AIM-7s in CW mode and AIM-54s in an active launch mode limiting their ranges. At short ranges, ACM ranges, it is possible to use the ASPECT switch to set what aspect of the target to track, this is just to counter different types of countermeasures. As an example, if set to NOSE the radar will be less susceptible to chaff as the radar weights its track towards the targets leading-edge (nose) away from the chaff being launched behind the target.<br />
<br />
A successful track is indicated by the ANT TRK and RDROT indicator lights on the DDD, meaning that the antenna is tracking the target and that the target is within the range gates. If the target is jamming with sufficient strength, negating a range track, the radar will transition to a jam angle track instead, indicated by the JAT indicator light on the DDD illuminating instead of the RDROT. When range tracking is again possible at closer ranges the radar will transition to that instead.<br />
<br />
The DDD in this mode will be similar to the pulse search mode but the antenna will be locked onto the target and not scan. Additionally, the DDD will show the range gates around the target, a closing rate symbol at the right scale and applicable attack symbology if a valid missile is selected.<br />
<br />
===Anti-Jamming Modes===<br />
Not yet implemented.<br />
<br />
===AN/APX-76 IFF Interrogator===<br />
The AN/APX-76 IFF (Identification Friend or Foe) interrogator is integrated into the AN/AWG-9 operation. Then interrogator antenna itself is located on the AN/AWG-9 antenna gimbal platform. An IFF system works by sending out an interrogation pulse and then listening for returns from cooperating transponders. In addition to the unencrypted civilian mode the AN/APX-76 is capable of interrogating in the encrypted military mode 4. This ensures that targets replying to mode 4 interrogations are indeed friendly. The AN/APX-76 can be used both in search radar modes and in STT radar modes. To enable interrogation the IFF switch is depressed on the Detail Data Display Panel which then activates the interrogator for as long as the button is held up to 10 seconds max.<br />
<br />
When enabled IFF received IFF returns are then overlaid on the normal AN/AWG-9 radar returns on the DDD. A friendly target will be indicated with two bars, one above and one below the normal radar return. As the AN/APX-76 is a separate radar, secondary mode, radar apart from the AWG-9 the IFF can sometimes also detect targets not detected by the AWG-9. In this case the IFF return will not have a radar echo inside it. In the search mode this is overlaid over each target replying and in STT over the STT target. Additionally, if the STT target is hooked on the TID the DDD will switch from normal range display to a ±10 NM display to enable display of multiple returns in case of closely grouped targets.<br />
<br />
==HAFU/Datalink==<br />
[[File:HAFU.png|right|80px]]<br />
Hostile, Ambiguous, Friendly or Unknown (HAFU) is a symbology system used by the F/A-18 to represent trackfiles; specifically, to show its status as a friendly or hostile. It is usually what trackfiles are displayed as across the software.<br />
<br />
There are four HAFU symbols:<br />
*'''Triangle:''' Hostile (red when colored)<br />
*'''Thick Staple:''' Ambiguous (yellow when colored)<br />
*'''Half-Circle:''' Friendly (green when colored)<br />
*'''Thin Staple:''' Unknown (yellow when colored)<br />
<br />
<br />
All types except ambiguous can be manually assigned via the [[#SA Format|Situational Awareness]] format. Tracks will also be automatically identified as explained below.<br />
<br />
A hostile HAFU will be assigned whenever:<br />
* A negative IFF response is returned, and<br />
** An NCTR print returns with an aircraft type that is on the hostile coalition; or<br />
** A SURV (surveillance, like an AWACS) source over datalink also marks it hostile; or<br />
** A F/F (fighter-fighter, like another F/A-18) source over datalink also marks it hostile.<br />
<br />
<br />
An ambiguous HAFU will be assigned when the aircraft and a donor have conflicting identifications (friendly and hostile).<br />
<br />
A friendly HAFU will be assigned whenever an IFF interrogation returns as friendly or the track itself is contributed to by the Precise Participant Location and Identification (PPLI) system.<br />
<br />
An unknown HAFU will be assigned by default until it is updated by meeting one of the requirements above.<br />
<br />
=Air-to-Air Weapons=<br />
----<br />
This area will cover over all the different air-to-air weapons brought with the F-14B Tomcat.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Air Gun==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat is outfitted with the M61A1 Vulcan 6-barreled Gatling cannon, being able to hold up a maximum of 675 rounds internally.<br />
<br />
===Gun Rates===<br />
The cannon offers 2 modes of combat in the F-14B: <br />
<br />
* '''LOW:''' mode which slows down the muzzle rate, used for Air-to-Ground.<br />
* '''HIGH:''' mode which is to be used for Basic Fighter Maneuvering. (BFM)<br />
<br />
===Symbology===<br />
[[File:f14 gun aa.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The symbology for the cannon is displayed on the HUD with the weapon master selector in the GUN position, and display in A/A. By default, the gun rounds indicator will be displayed as 0 for rounds per 100. Located next to the display panel to the right is the gun ammo counter.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Air Missiles==<br />
===AIM-54 Phoenix===<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
====AIM-54A Mk.60====<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
====AIM-54C Mk.47====<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
===AIM-7 Sparrow===<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
===AIM-9 Sidewinder===<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
=Air-to-Ground Weapons=<br />
----<br />
The F-14B Tomcat comes with a variety of air-to-ground weapons after the upgrade to the Bombcat.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Ground Gun==<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Ground Bombs==<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
===Mk-20/81/82/83/84 GPB===<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
===GBU-12/14/16 LGB===<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
===BDU-33 Training Bomb===<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
===ADM-141 TALD===<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Ground Rockets==<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
=Resources=<br />
----<br />
==Manuals & Documents==<br />
* [https://info.publicintelligence.net/F14AAP-1B.pdf F-14B NATOPS Pocket Checklist]<br />
* [http://www.heatblur.se/F-14Manual/ Heatblur F-14 Manual]<br />
<br />
==Heatblur's Videos==<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q1o7E9pb95Y Episode 1: Overview]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OO3IdQjAdDA Episode 2: Pilot's Cockpit Walkaround]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ws1GxPG2ZXw Episode 3: Cold And Dark (Full Startup)]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kgpGO7fj4oU Episode 4: The RIO's Office]<br />
<br />
==Jabbers' Tutorial Videos==<br />
(They're good!)<br />
<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2qwlJs__iYk Pilot - Startup/Taxi/Takeoff with JESTER AI]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b5opjCygZug Pilot - Maneuvering and Flight Characteristics]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f4y2oZ-7rM8 Pilot - Air-to-Air Refueling]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ujk4hL_EnUc Pilot - ACM - Radar Acquisition Modes]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wftck0C3fJ8 Pilot - Weapons - Zuni Rockets with JESTER AI]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4m-Q02gxFEA Pilot - Weapons - AIM-9 Sidewinder]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SWeHtpJ00JI RIO - Startup]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r4-Dd4ss2Rc RIO - AWG-9 Radar]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YG7sWweg2RQ RIO - IFF Interrogation]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2q-bHFyTEr8 Overview - AIM-54C Mk.47 Phoenix - Tacview Debrief]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PyAQpqVhtBY Overview - AIM-54A Mk.60 Phoenix - Tacview Debrief]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4groy-_Bxfk Quick Tips - AIM-54 Phoenix]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Is3AtOX-abw Quick Tips - Bombing]</div>Siriushttps://wiki.hoggitworld.com/index.php?title=F-14A/B&diff=10579F-14A/B2019-09-04T23:41:42Z<p>Sirius: /* Air-to-Ground Weapons */</p>
<hr />
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<br />
''Credits to Jak for having the [[F/A-18C]] page serve as a guide and filler content on related systems.''<br />
<br />
The Grumman '''F-14A/B''' Tomcat is a two-seat, twin-engine supersonic variable wing-sweep fighter aircraft. The F-14 was the first US fighter jet with twin tails and was the largest & heaviest US fighter to ever fly from an aircraft carrier. The reason that the F-14 was so incredibly large and heavy was that it carried the large AWG-9 radar and accompanying AIM-54 Phoenix (air-to-air) missiles: this very capable combination allowed the F-14 to make shots of up to 200 nautical miles at the bad guys. Also, being big means you can carry a lot of fuel!<br />
<br />
Of course, the practical range of the AWG-9 is rather more limited, especially if you are shooting at more maneuverable fighter-sized targets, but even at these closer ranges, the AIM-54 Phoenix is still a capable missile that should not be underestimated. The F-14 is also capable of carrying an array of air-to-ground weapons, such as dumb bombs in both high and low drag forms, air-to-ground Zuni rockets and even laser-guided bombs, which can be self-designated using the LANTIRN targeting pod on the F-14.<br />
<br />
Most people will recognize and adore the F-14 because of its stardom presence in that one weird volleyball movie from the '80s. Its on-screen presence in movies will make the F-14 to appear docile and easy to fly, but due to lack of a fly-by-wire the F-14 can be a real handful: it being a pilot's aircraft however makes it fun to fly and learn. The analogous nature of the F-14 (comparable to the F-5E II Tigershark) will give you a good knowledge of the airplane over time but requires a bit of a different mindset that the computerized flight of the F/A-18C and the F-15.<br />
<br />
__TOC__<br />
<br />
=Weapons List=<br />
----<br />
==Implemented==<br />
Partially or fully implemented weapons of the F14/A/B Tomcat:<br />
* M61 Vulcan Six-Barreled Gatling Gun<br />
* AIM-7M/F Sparrow<br />
* CAP/AIM-9M Sidewinder<br />
* AIM-54A Phoenix Mk. 60<br />
* AIM-54C Phoenix Mk. 47<br />
* Mk-81, 82, 83, and 84 <br />
* GBU-10, 12, 16, and 24 <br />
* MK-20 Rockeye<br />
* Zuni Rockets<br />
* BDU-33 Practice Bombs<br />
* ADM-141 TALD<br />
* LUU-2 Parachute Flare<br />
* Smokewinder<br />
* LANTIRN Pod<br />
* FPU-1 Fuel Tank<br />
<br />
==Planned==<br />
Weapons not yet implemented into the Tomcat:<br />
* TARPS Pod<br />
<br />
=Hands On Throttle And Stick (HOTAS)=<br />
----<br />
==Throttle==<br />
[[File:throttle.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The throttle of the F-14 Tomcat consists of 2 quadrants, both for the left and right engines. There is an afterburner detent along with a cutoff detent for maximum throttle and shutdown of the engine for each quadrant.<br />
<br />
The throttle has the following controls:<br />
# '''Speed Brake Switch:''' 2-position switch. "EXT" is a momentary and needed input position that extends the speed brake outward depending on the aircraft speed.<br />
# '''Wing Sweep Switch:''' 4-way hat switch. "AUTO" sets the wing to sweep automatically determined by an onboard computer, "BOMB" sets the wing to sweep in an angled position between fully extended and retracted and dependent on speed for the air-to-ground bombing.<br />
# '''PLM Button:''' multifunction button. When the steering command is in A2A mode, this acts as a pilot lock-on tool for the AWG-9 radar. But when used for landing and/or in the LDG steering command mode, this allows for disengagement of the ACLS.<br />
# '''CAGE/SEAM Button:''' multifunction button. When the steering command is in A2A mode, this allows for CAGE/SEAM lock-on of the AIM-9 Sidewinder. But when used for landing and/or in the LDG steering command mode, this allows for disengagement of the APC.<br />
# '''Exterior Light Switch:''' 2-position switch. Used to toggle the exterior lights of the aircraft.<br />
# '''ICS PTT Switch:''' 2-position switch. Acts as a push-to-talk system for the ICS system inside of the aircraft used between the Pilot and RIO. (or JESTER AI)<br />
<br />
==Control Stick==<br />
[[File:stick.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The control stick is located in the center of the cockpit, mounted onto the floor. Left and right movements of the control stick direct hydraulic movement to the spoilers and horizontal stabilizers of the aircraft. Forward and backward movement result to respectively the same but to the horizontal stabilizers.<br />
<br />
The control stick has the following controls:<br />
# '''Bomb Release Button:''' single-purpose button. When pressed in A2G steering command mode, all pylons selected with bombs will release respective of the ripple settings, type, and interval.<br />
# '''Trim Hat:''' 4-way hat switch. Upward movement moves the aircraft downward, and downward movement moves the aircraft upward. Both left and right movements follow to their directions according to their name.<br />
# '''Weapon Select Hat:''' 4-way hat switch. Bottom selection is OFF, and a ridge requires a momentary push action to move in/out of to GUN. Following all to the top are SW, then SP/PH which requires a momentary push action to switch between.<br />
# '''DLC & Maneuver Flap Command Wheel:''' scrollable dial. Moving it with the landing gears fully deployed acts as a variable control for spoiler extension. With the landing gears up, the dial also acts the same but for flaps and slats.<br />
# '''DLC Engage/Disengage & CMS Dispense Button:''' multifunction button. When pressed with the landing gears fully deployed, this controls the engagement and disengagement of the DLC system. But with the landing gears fully retracted, this allows for pilot control of the CMS system.<br />
# '''Autopilot Reference & NWS Button:''' multifunction button. When the aircraft is up in the air, this controls specific autopilot settings. But when the aircraft is on the ground, this controls the activation of the nosewheel steering system.<br />
# '''Autopilot Emergency Disengage Paddle:''' multifunction button. Disengages all autopilot modes and DLC and releases all autopilot switches and roll and pitch SAS switches to OFF position.<br />
# '''Weapon Firing Trigger:''' two-stage trigger switch. The first detent enables CTVS and gun camera. Second detent releases selected forwards firing the weapon.<br />
<br />
=Flight Controls & Landing Gear=<br />
----<br />
==Flight Controls==<br />
[[File:Wheels-flaps.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The F-14B has a large hydraulic system which covers for all of the control surfaces of the aircraft. Without the hydraulic system, or taking damage the controls are in risk of improperly working. The F-14 Tomcat was the last of its generation to have no integration of an FBW or FCS system, which was introduced with the F-15 Eagle.<br />
<br />
The F-14's primary flight controls are:<br />
* '''Left Spoilers (LES):''' A set of spoilers that lie within the left wing of the aircraft that help with aileron movement and control that react opposite of the intended direction.<br />
* '''Right Spoilers (RES):''' A set of spoilers that lie within the right wing of the aircraft that help with aileron movement and control that react opposite of the intended direction.<br />
* '''Tailerons (TAIL):''' Two horizontal stabilizers located on the rear end of the aircraft that control both pitch and aileron movement.<br />
* '''Leading Edge Flaps (LEF):''' Normal slats located on the leading (front) edge of the wings to add lift.<br />
* '''Trailing Edge Flaps (TEF):''' Normal flaps located on the trailing (back) edge of the wings to add lift.<br />
<br />
<br />
The control stick controls the stabilators, ailerons, and rudder and the rudder pedals control the rudder.<br />
<br />
===Flaps System===<br />
The aircraft's flap system provides more lift (and as a byproduct, drag). The flaps lever has two positions:<br />
* '''NONE:''' This applies no flap whatsoever to the wings of the aircraft.<br />
* '''FULL:''' This applies full movement of flaps to the wings of the aircraft.<br />
<br />
<br />
The flaps lever allows for variable movement, which gives the pilot the ability to control the amount of flap they wish for.<br />
<br />
===Speed Brake===<br />
The speed brake is a flap located on the end of the aircraft designed to provide drag to decelerate faster. It is activated via the speed brake switch on the throttle. The two positions are:<br />
* '''EXT:''' When the switch is moved aft, this extends the speed brake of the aircraft out depending on the airspeed.<br />
* '''RET:''' When the switch is moved forward, this retracts the speed brake.<br />
<br />
===Trim===<br />
The tailerons are capable of being trimmed to make roll and pitch corrections. This is accomplished with the trim hat on the controls stick. When the autopilot system is engaged, the onboard computer will attempt to make active trim movements in order to keep the aircraft within the specified attitude when set, along of the setting parameters. As speed is either gained or lost, the trim will actively move the stick as well along of the tailerons to adapt.<br />
<br />
===Wing Sweep===<br />
The wings of the aircraft are a variable-sweep design allowing for automatic or manual movements from pilot input on the right throttle quadrant. Similar to wing fold, the wings are able to be overswept from its maximum position through a master reset of the system in order to allow tighter space and closer parking on the carrier deck.<br />
<br />
==Landing Gear==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat has 3 retractable landing gears: the nose gear, the left gear, and the right gear. The gear is moved via the gear lever on the left side of the cockpit. In the up position, the gear will retract. In the down position, the gear will extend. The gear lever cannot be put up with weight on wheels. The gear will not retract with the launch bar extended.<br />
<br />
===Nosewheel Steering===<br />
The nose gear features nosewheel steering (NWS) controlled by the rudder pedals. With the weight off of the wheels, it is disengaged. It automatically engages upon there being the weight on wheels. NWS is disengaged manually via the button on the stick.<br />
<br />
===Launch Bar===<br />
On the front nosegear is a launch bar that attaches the airplane to a catapult from launches from an aircraft carrier. Its deployment is pilot-controlled, but it is connected to the catapult by the ground crew (DCS default binding is U).<br />
<br />
It is controlled via the launch bar switch on the left upper console. When the switch in the RETRACT position, the launch bar will retract, but physically cannot do so when connected to the catapult. The switch will move to the RETRACT position automatically when there is a weight off wheels. In the EXTEND position, the launch bar will extend if there is the weight on wheels.<br />
<br />
=Autopilot and Autothrottle=<br />
----<br />
The F-14 Tomcat has the ability to automate certain types of flight via its Automatic Flight Control System (AFCS) and Automatic Throttle Control (ATC). The AFCS, or simply the autopilot, control the flight surfaces and the ATC controls the throttles.<br />
<br />
==AFCS==<br />
[[File:afcs.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The Automatic Flight Control System (AFCS), or just the "autopilot", controls the aircraft's flight controls to automate maneuvering. It is interfaced on the autopilot panel via the A/P engage switch. On the autopilot panel, there are 7 modes able to be toggled:<br />
# '''Pitch Stabilizer Augmentation:''' 2-position switch. This switch controls the ability for the pitch to be augmented for dampening.<br />
# '''Roll Stabilizer Augmentation:''' 2-position switch. This switch controls the ability for the roll to be augmented for dampening.<br />
# '''Yaw Stabilizer Augmentation:''' 2-position switch. This switch controls the ability for the yaw to be augmented for dampening.<br />
# '''VEC/PCD/ACL Switch:''' 3-position switch. This switch controls the remote control modes of autopilot with the steering bars and ACLS.<br />
# '''ALT Switch:''' 2-position switch.' This switch controls the ability to maintain the current altitude when autopilot is engaged.<br />
# '''HDG/GT Switch:''' 3-position switch. This switch controls the ability to maintain the current heading when autopilot is engaged.<br />
# '''ENGAGE Switch:''' 2-position switch. This switch engages and disengages the autopilot.<br />
<br />
==ATC==<br />
The automatic throttle control (ATC), or just "autothrottle", controls the physical throttles and thereby automated thrust control. ATC is toggled via ATC engage/disengage switch next to the throttle. When the ATC is engaged, the physical means of the throttle quadrants will begin to move on their own. However, whenever the pilot makes any new movement to the throttle whatsoever, the ATC will disengage to allow pilot control over both of the engines. The ATC is primarily used for landing on a carrier along of the ACLS system.<br />
<br />
=Digital Systems Overview=<br />
----<br />
[[File:displays.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
==Pilot==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat comes with 2 digital display screens in the Pilot cockpit:<br />
* '''Vertical Display Indicator (VDI):''' a multifunction display that allows for the pilot to see their HUD in a form of a repeater, and the [[#Television Camera Set|TCS]].<br />
* '''Horizontal Situation Display Indicator (HSD):''' a multifunction display that allows for the pilot to see their virtual compass for navigation modes, and the [[#AWG-9 Pulse-Doppler Radar|AWG-9 Radar]] from the RIO TID as a repeater.<br />
<br />
===Heads Up Display===<br />
The head-up display (HUD) is a projected display at the front of the cockpit that serves as the primary flight instrument. It also provides various indications for weapon delivery; this section will cover the HUD's indications in NAV master mode. Master mode/weapon-specific indications on the HUD will be covered in the relevant section.<br />
<br />
====Reject Modes====<br />
Via the switches next to the TO button on the displays panel, you are able to "declutter" or remove information off of the HUD.<br />
<br />
==Radar Intercept Officer==<br />
The Radar Intercept Officer (RIO) comes with 3 digital display screens in the RIO cockpit:<br />
* '''Detail Data Display (DDD):''' a dual-purpose display that allows for the RIO to see contacts on the [[#AWG-9 Pulse-Doppler Radar|radar]], based on the range and radar mode.<br />
* '''Tactical Information Display (TID):''' a multi-purpose display that allows for the RIO to see their [[#AWG-9 Pulse-Doppler Radar|AWG-9]] situational awareness, [[#Television Camera Set|TCS]], [[#TARPS Pod|TARPS]] and [[#LANTIRN Targeting Pod|LANTIRN]] pods.<br />
* '''Horizontal Situation Display Indicator (HSD):''' a multi-purpose display as to the one in the pilot cockpit.<br />
<br />
==Master Modes==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat has 5 primarily modes for information displayed. The 5 master modes are:<br />
* '''TO:''' switch. Displays takeoff information on HUD and VDI for degrees.<br />
* '''CRUISE:''' single-purpose button. Displays in-air flight information on HUD and VDI for degrees.<br />
* '''A/A:''' single-purpose button. Displays air-to-air information on HUD and VDI for degrees; and weapon employment.<br />
* '''A/G:''' single-purpose button. Displays air-to-ground information on HUD and VDI for degrees; and weapon employment.<br />
* '''LDG:''' single-purpose button. Displays landing information on HUD and VDI for degrees.<br />
<br />
<br />
Additionally, the F-14 Tomcat has an Air Combat Maneuver (ACM) panel which controls all air-to-air and air-to-ground aspects for armament.<br />
<br />
=Navigation=<br />
----<br />
The F-14 Tomcat has an inertial navigation system (INS) that allows the pilot to navigate by internal gyros aligned. However, due to the fault of having no GPS assistance, these gyros slowly drift over time and cause misalignment for visual information.<br />
<br />
==HSD==<br />
[[File:Hsd.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The Horizontal Situation Display Indicator (HSD) is the primary interface with the airplane's navigation systems. The HSI can be accessed from the bottom display screen. The basic function of the HSI is a rotating compass with a looking-from-above perspective. The controls for this screen are:<br />
# '''BRT Control:''' dial. Controls the brightness of the HSD screen.<br />
# '''HDG Control:''' dial. Controls the heading reference in TACAN mode.<br />
# '''CRS Control:''' dial. Controls the course heading reference in MAN and TACAN modes.<br />
# '''Test Button:''' single-purpose button. Resets the HSD screen if overload protection activates.<br />
# '''BIT Indicator:''' light. Shows a white light if a failure produces in the HSD.<br />
<br />
=== Steering Commands ===<br />
The HSD comes with a set of 5 different steering commands, which each have their own purpose towards displaying certain information:<br />
* '''TACAN:''' single-purpose button. Displays information based off of a radio beacon with range and direction.<br />
* '''DEST:''' single-purpose button. Displays information off of a selected waypoint from the RIO with range and direction.<br />
* '''AWL/PCD:''' single-purpose button. Displays information off of an ICLS frequency with azimuth and elevation bars (on VDI and HUD)<br />
* '''VEC:''' single-purpose button. ? (needs more info.)<br />
* '''MAN:''' single-purpose button. Displays information off of an entered heading (HDG Control) with direction.<br />
<br />
==Waypoints==<br />
The F-14B comes with an onboard flight computer system that handles waypoint navigation during in-air flight. The navigation system in the F-14B Tomcat gives a variety of waypoint holders, along with information for a set home plate.<br />
<br />
===Pilot===<br />
For the F-14B pilot, the waypoint information is able to be accessed by the DEST steering command and by using the NAV HSD display mode.<br />
<br />
===Radar Intercept Officer===<br />
For the F-14B Radar Intercept Officer, (RIO) the waypoints must be manually assigned by the RIO through the Computer Address Panel (CAP) system under the TAC DATA category. Once done, the waypoint must be selected through the CAP and entered in with coordinates similar to how INS alignment procedures are done.<br />
<br />
==TACAN==<br />
Tactical Air Navigation (TACAN) is a military radio navigation system. A TACAN beacon allows for an aircraft to determine its bearing and range from it, and using this information can navigate. TACAN's may be ground-based or be broadcasted by an airplane. TACAN channels have two bands, X and Y, and range from 1-126. 2 TACAN channels may be set present in the aircraft by both the Pilot and RIO for simultaneous use.<br />
<br />
The TACAN setting knobs give a range of these options:<br />
*'''T/R:''' Transmit and receive. Gets bearing and range from the TACAN.<br />
*'''RCV:''' Receive. Gets bearing from the TACAN.<br />
*'''A/A:''' Air-to-air TACAN mode.<br />
*'''X:''' Tunes the selected frequency on the X band.<br />
*'''Y:''' Tunes the selected frequency on the Y band.<br />
<br />
==ICLS==<br />
For night and low visibility operations, aircraft carriers have an Instrument Carrier Landing System (ICLS) to allow for instrument approaches to the carrier. ICLS provides horizontal and vertical guidance. The F-14 is equipped with ICLS.<br />
<br />
To activate the airplane's ICLS antenna, an ICLS dial is present to the right of the warning lights advisory panel, with an ARA on/off switch, used to toggle power to the system.<br />
<br />
When ILS is selected on the HSI, two bars, one horizontal and one vertical, appear near the velocity vector on the HUD. These indicate a vertical and horizontal deviation from the optimal glideslope (3°) and course to the deck. When they are both aligned with the velocity vector (making a "+"), the aircraft is on course.<br />
<br />
==ACLS==<br />
For CAT III conditions and poor visibility, the F-14 is equipped with the Automatic Carrier Landing System (ACLS) to allow an automatic flight to the carrier via. a radio-guided input from a Landing Signal Officer. (LSO) The auto-throttle and autopilot systems must be engaged and present during the time of activation with this system, along with lights given to the left of the VDI display.<br />
<br />
Datalink is required between the aircraft and the carrier in order for ACLS to work. When the best position of the azimuth and glideslope bars are within parameters, the nosewheel steering button is pressed in order to engage guidance.<br />
<br />
==Navigation Failures==<br />
The F-14B has a variety of navigation failures that may/can occur, including methods to fix them.<br />
<br />
===Navigation Fix Update===<br />
An error of latitude or longitude in the computer position of the aircraft can be corrected by a navigation fix update. Updating is especially important in the backup modes (AHRS AM and IMU/ AM) because of the estimated winds and magnetic variation changes. A nav fix is done via a ground-reference-point (latitude and longitude) position. The range and bearing of this position to the present aircraft position are used to update or correct existing values. The nav system may be updated by either a radar fix, a TACAN fix, or a visual fix.<br />
<br />
Before performing a nav fix, the latitude and longitude of the desired update point (radar, TACAN, or visual) must be stored in one of eight navigation point locations (three WPs, FIX PT, HOME BASE, HOST AREA, DEF PT, and IP). This data can be stored prior to flight by data link or by manual insertion. Then follow these steps:<br />
<br />
# Hook the Waypoint you choose to select for the nav fix.<br />
# Check the stored latitude and longitude on the TID.<br />
# Rotate the CATEGORY switch to NAV and select the desired type of update.<br />
<br />
<br />
Note that updating the position while in INS, and to a lesser degree while in IMU, can introduce a greater navigational position error than already present, in particular, if radar fix is used to update the nav system. Updates with a visual or TACAN fix provide reasonable accuracy (assuming a good MAG VAR during TACAN updates). Updating your nav system via a nav fix should be primarily used in the AHRS mode.<br />
<br />
===Radar Fix Update===<br />
An RDR FIX may be selected before or after positioning the DDD cursors. If the RDR FIX button is depressed, the computer computes the present position of the aircraft by measuring the range and bearing from the selected point. The delta between the computer position and the position determined by the INS is then displayed on the TID. If the entry of this delta into the navigation computations is desired, press the FIX ENABLE button. If the delta does not appear to be correct, the computer and the readout can be cleared by pressing the RDR FIX button. The fix may then be attempted again. The RIO should also perform periodic checks of own aircraft system altitude and update the altitude if necessary.<br />
<br />
Radar updating is performed as follows:<br />
<br />
# TID CURSOR/CAP - Hook Desired Navigation Point for Update.<br />
# PULSE SRCH button - Depress.<br />
# On sensor control panel: STAB switch - IN. EL BARS switch - 1. AZ SCAN switch - As Desired.<br />
# RDR FIX button - Depress.<br />
# DDD CURSOR button - Depress.<br />
# Action switch - Half Action (first detent).<br />
# Cursor is displayed on DDD.<br />
# Manipulate hand control DDD cursor over desired ground map point.<br />
# Action switch - Full Action and Release. (This will cause the DDD cursor to remain at the selected position.<br />
# Observe the delta for LAT and LONG on TID.<br />
# If readouts are unsatisfactory, deselect RDR FIX and repeat steps 4 through 12.<br />
# FIX ENABLE button - Depress.<br />
<br />
===TACAN Update===<br />
To perform a nav fix by TACAN requires that a restored waypoint shares identical LAT and LONG values with the TACAN station that will be used for the fix. Select the TACAN channel for the desired station and verify by listening to the coded identifier tone in the headset.<br />
<br />
Press the TACAN FIX button to update the aircraft position from a TACAN station. The WCS computer then calculates the own aircraft position error based on the range and bearing from the TACAN station. The delta is then entered in the same manner as with a radar fix.<br />
<br />
Perform a TACAN fix following these steps:<br />
<br />
# Select a TACAN channel whose latitude and longitude correspond to an update point.<br />
# Hook desired update point (WAYPT 1, FIX PT, HOME BASE, etc.).<br />
# CATEGORY switch - NAV.<br />
# TACAN FIX button - Depress.<br />
# Observe present position delta readout.<br />
# If delta is unsatisfactory, deselect TACAN FIX and repeat steps 2 through 7.<br />
# FIX ENABLE button - Depress.<br />
<br />
===Visual Update===<br />
To perform a visual fix, fly over a restored waypoint and press the VIS FIX button. Estimate your timing, because the aircraft nose and fuselage can obscure the fixed point during an overflight. It is also difficult to estimate when directly overhead a waypoint if the aircraft altitude is greater than 10.000 feet. The delta for the visual fix is displayed on the TID. Enter the delta by pressing FIX ENABLE.<br />
<br />
To perform a visual fix use the following steps:<br />
<br />
# Hook desired update point (WAY PT, HB, IP, etc.).<br />
# Select NAV category on CAP.<br />
# Overfly the selected restored point and when over the point, depress the VIS FIX button on the cap.<br />
# If the delta is not satisfactory, press VIS FIX again to clear the delta and repeat from step 1.<br />
# If a satisfactory delta is displayed, depress the FIX ENABLE button; this causes the delta correction of own-aircraft position to be inserted into the computer.<br />
<br />
===Datalink Update===<br />
To perform a data link update of the aircraft INS to the TDS frame of reference, the aircraft and TDS must share a prebriefed waypoint, identical in latitude and longitude. Enter this LAT/LONG data into the HOST AREA pseudo target file. The TDS will uplink the common reference point as a data link waypoint. When the aircraft and TDS INS systems agree, the data link waypoint and host area symbols will be superimposed on the TID. If they drift apart, the two pseudo targets on the TID will drift as well.<br />
<br />
To perform an update via data link, use the following steps:<br />
<br />
# Hook data link waypoint corresponding prebriefed reference point.<br />
# Select NAV category on CAP.<br />
# Overfly the hooked data link waypoint. When immediately over the point, press VIS FIX button on CAP.<br />
# Observe delta LAT and LONG on TID.<br />
# If deltas are satisfactory and update is desired, depress FIX ENABLE.<br />
# After a data link update, HOST AREA and data link waypoint should be superimposed on the TID again.<br />
<br />
===Fighter-to-Fighter Navigation Update===<br />
Net aircraft that use fighter-to-fighter data link can update their navigation system in the FF/DL mode. To update LAT/LONG hook the net aircraft symbol of an aircraft that is in close proximity and select F/F NAV UPDATE on the CAP. This will enter the hooked aircraft’s coordinates into the INS as own-aircraft coordinates. To update the nav system on an aircraft that is not close, first obtain a radar STT on that aircraft, hook the STT-ed aircraft on the TID and then press F/F NAV UPDATE on the CAP.<br />
<br />
=Defensive Systems=<br />
----<br />
The F-14B is equipped with various defensive systems: the AN/ALE-39 Countermeasure Dispensing System (CMDS), for the release of chaff and flares, the AN/ALQ-126 Deception ECM (DECM), for jamming enemy radar, and the AN/ALR-67 Radar Warning Reciever (RWR), for detection of enemy radar emitters and missile launches.<br />
<br />
==AN/ALR-67 RWR==<br />
[[File:alr-67.png|thumb|400px]]<br />
The AN/ALR-67 Radar Warning Receiver (RWR) provides the Hornet the ability to detect radars via the radio/microwave radiation they emit.<br />
<br />
===Audio Tones===<br />
Accompanying the RWR are various audio feedback tones:<br />
*'''Single Beep:''' A new ground- or sea-based emitter has been detected.<br />
*'''Double Beep:''' A new airborne emitter has been detected.<br />
*'''Repeating Beep:''' An emitter is tracking.<br />
*'''Faster Repeating Beep:''' An emitter is guiding a missile or is a missile.<br />
<br />
<br />
On the RWR gauge, the RWR knob will control the volume of the RWR tones.<br />
<br />
===Emitter Identifiers===<br />
''This list is, at present, not complete.''<br />
{|class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"<br />
!Type<br />
!RWR ID<br />
|-<br />
|U<br />
|Unknown<br />
|-<br />
|M<br />
|Active radar-homing missile<br />
|-<br />
|S<br />
|Search radar<br />
|-<br />
|3<br />
|SA-3 "Goa"<br />
|-<br />
|6<br />
|SA-6 "Gainful"<br />
|-<br />
|8<br />
|SA-8 "Gecko"<br />
|-<br />
|10<br />
|SA-10 "Grumble"<br />
|-<br />
|11<br />
|SA-11 "Gadfly"<br />
|-<br />
|11<br />
|F-111 Aardvark<br />
|-<br />
|12<br />
|SA-12 "Gladiator"<br />
|-<br />
|13<br />
|SA-13 "Gopher"<br />
|-<br />
|13<br />
|C-130 Hercules<br />
|-<br />
|14<br />
|F-14 Tomcat<br />
|-<br />
|15<br />
|F-15 Eagle<br />
|-<br />
|15 <br />
|SA-15 "Gauntlet"<br />
|-<br />
|16<br />
|F-16 Fighting Falcon<br />
|-<br />
|17<br />
|C-17 Globemaster III<br />
|-<br />
|18<br />
|F/A-18 Hornet<br />
|-<br />
|22<br />
|Tu-22 "Blinder"<br />
|-<br />
|23<br />
|MiG-23 "Flogger"<br />
|-<br />
|24<br />
|Su-24 "Fencer"<br />
|-<br />
|25<br />
|MiG-25 "Foxbat"<br />
|-<br />
|29<br />
|MiG-29 "Fulcrum"<br />
|-<br />
|29<br />
|Su-27 "Flanker"<br />
|-<br />
|29<br />
|Su-33 "Flanker-D"<br />
|-<br />
|30<br />
|Su-30 "Flanker-C"<br />
|-<br />
|31<br />
|MiG-31 "Foxhound"<br />
|-<br />
|34<br />
|Su-34 "Fullback"<br />
|-<br />
|39<br />
|Su-25M "Frogfoot"<br />
|-<br />
|40<br />
|''Spruance''-class destroyer<br />
|-<br />
|48<br />
|''Nimitz''-class carrier<br />
|-<br />
|49<br />
|''Oliver Hazard Perry''-class frigate<br />
|-<br />
|50<br />
|A-50 "Mainstay"<br />
|-<br />
|52<br />
|B-52 Stratofortress<br />
|-<br />
|76<br />
|IL-76 "Candid"<br />
|-<br />
|78<br />
|IL-78 "Midas"<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==AN/ALE-39 CMDS==<br />
[[File:f14 cms.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The AN/ALE-39 is the countermeasures dispensing set installed in the F-14B in this simulation. It controls its own set of launchers located between the engine nozzles on the underside of the so-called beaver-tail. The launchers each have two sections, one containing 10 cartridges and the other 20. They are referred to the left and right dispensers even though the left is really the front one and the right the back one with both being mounted inline on the left side of the tailhook. This is a remnant from the earliest model F-14s carrying the AN/ALE-29.<br />
<br />
This all sums up to a capacity of 60 cartridges in the system with each section necessarily holding one type of cartridges meaning that any combination of cartridges is possible as long as each type’s quantity is a multiple of 10. The system itself has no real knowledge of what is loaded where so incorrectly programming the system can lead to the wrong type of cartridge being ejected.<br />
<br />
===Cockpit Controls===<br />
The system itself can be operated manually from the control panel in the RIO pit or the DLC thumbwheel on the pilot stick when the flaps lever is in the up position. It is also capable of running programmed sequences of ejection which in turn can be initiated manually by the RIO from the control panel or the direction hats mounted on the handhold over the DDD. In addition, the AN/ALR-67 can also initiate the chaff ejection program if set up correctly on the AN/ALE-39 control panel.<br />
<br />
==AN/ALQ-126 DECM==<br />
The AN/ALQ-126 deception jammer is designed to detect radar threats, analyze them, select the optimum countermeasure technique available and apply it. Available techniques for jamming are amongst others, main lobe blanking, inverse con-scan, range-gate pull-off and swept square modes. In DCS this is modeled as a simple noise jammer due to engine limitations but controlled by the DECM logic as to when it’s on or off.<br />
<br />
===Cockpit Controls===<br />
The controls for the AN/ALQ-126 DECM are all located on the right horizontal panel in the RIO pit, the panel as the image above. In addition, there are two indication lights co-located with the RWR threat indicators on the right side of the TID. The mode selector knob controls power and operational mode that the system is in. The modes for the DECM are as follows:<br />
<br />
* '''OFF:''' turns off power to the system. STBY begins pre-warming of the system, taking in all-around 5 minutes.<br />
* '''TEST HOLD 3 SEC:''' is used to prepare the system for BIT, after 3 seconds in this mode, turn the knob to TEST - ACT.<br />
* '''TEST ACT:''' starts the BIT in the system. The BIT takes approximately 30 seconds and the RCV light will be illuminated the whole time while the XMIT light will flash twice. If the STANDBY light illuminates it indicates that a no-go condition exists in the system.<br />
* '''REC:''' enables the system to receive the only mode, enabling analyzation of threats and also the threat audio.<br />
* '''RPT:''' enables full system functionality, in addition to REC it also now tries to jam threats according to the selected method.<br />
<br />
=Television Camera Set=<br />
----<br />
[[File:tcs_symbology.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The F-14B is outfitted with the ALQ-100 Television Camera Set (TCS) pod, used for visually identifying aircraft during the time of which IFF was not a trusted/more inferior method to confirming hostile aircraft and to keep track of their position, as well as their living status.<br />
<br />
==Symbology==<br />
On the TID, in non-TV mode, a TCS track is indicated by a 1.5” strobe at TCS LOS azimuth with a hollow circle at the end.<br />
<br />
The symbology on the video feed from the TCS has indicators for the FOV and two crosshairs indicating TCS LOS relative own aircraft, GACH, and AN/AWG-9 radar LOS relative TCS LOS, RACH. Additionally, the track window is indicated by 4 small squares representing each corner of that window.<br />
<br />
The gimbal angle crosshairs or GACH, which is a solid cross, indicate deflection of the TCS LOS from the aircraft datum line, ADL. GACH crosshair in the center indicates TCS LOS along ADL and deflection towards the edges indicate deflection towards the gimbal limits with the video edges being maximum deflection.<br />
<br />
RACH or radar angle crosshairs, a dashed crosshair, indicate radar antenna LOS when inside the current TCS FOV. When the sensors slave to one another RACH and GACH will coincide creating a single solid crosshair.<br />
<br />
The track window indicates the area that the TCS contrast tracker is currently locked on to if it has acquired a target. When not in an active track these squares collapse into the center of the display being 2% of the screen width when in manual mode and 5% when in an auto mode.<br />
<br />
=LANTIRN Targeting Pod=<br />
----<br />
[[File:flir.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The F-14B can carry the AN/AAQ-14 Low Altitude Navigation and Targeting Infrared For Night (LANTIRN) targeting pod. This pod consists of a Forward-Looking Infrared (FLIR) camera (which also includes a digital charged coupled device camera) for target locating and observing, a Laser Target Designator/Ranger for firing a laser that both designates targets for laser-homing weapons and gathers ranging information for designating whatever the FLIR is pointed at as an air-to-ground, and a Laser Spot Tracker (LST) which can search for and track a laser, allowing for the FLIR to be cued onto an offboard (ground or air-designated) laser from another unit and then designate a Target off said point; this allows for most effective buddy-lasing. The targeting pod can be used in both air-to-ground and air-to-air functions, but the LTD/R and LST are only used for A/G operation.<br />
<br />
==Symbology==<br />
The following areas on the LANTIRN are to represent:<br />
# '''A/C Position Data:''' Displays aircraft LAT/LON, altitude, and groundspeed information.<br />
# '''LANTIRN Polarity:''' Displays white or hot background. AGC is for automatic gain control, MGC is for manual gain control.<br />
# '''LANTIRN Information:''' Gives general information on the pod. SR is for slant range, AZ/EL for azimuth/elevation of sight, and rest is UTC time.<br />
# '''LANTIRN Track Mode:''' Displays the current tracking mode. A/A is for air-to-air, A/G is for air-to-ground. Right side is for current selected weapon.<br />
# '''Track Data:''' Displays information of LAT/LON and altitude of where the sight is at.<br />
# '''Track:''' Displays the hairs for point and area track, and what the sight is directly pointed at.<br />
# '''Launch Envelopes:''' The top tape is for the heading relative of the aircraft to the track. The right side tape is for the release point.<br />
<br />
=TARPS Pod=<br />
----<br />
Not yet implemented.<br />
<br />
=Air-to-Air Radar=<br />
----<br />
==Detail Data Display==<br />
[[File:f14 ddd.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
Among the 3 digital displays, the Detail Data Display gives the RIO information about contacts from the AWG-9 radar in terms of range and radar mode, with respect to the notch filter.<br />
<br />
===Notch Filter===<br />
The AWG-9 radar in the F-14B Tomcat has a notch filter when using the pulse-doppler radar modes under certain conditions. These conditions include, but are not limited to:<br />
<br />
* ~100 knot difference of the aircraft relative to contact<br />
* Contact flying 90 degrees perpendicular CW/CCW to aircraft<br />
* Masking with ground terrain scan return<br />
<br />
<br />
There is a rough line shown in the radar modes, likewise of the jamming lobe, for when considering the notch filter that the contact will disappear from.<br />
<br />
==Tactical Information Display==<br />
[[File:f14 tid.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The Tactical Information Display (TID) gives the RIO of the F-14B the main information on the AWG-9 radar, including situational awareness, range, altitude, and contact heading.<br />
<br />
===Display Modes===<br />
The TID comes with a total of 8 display modes available, that can be toggled either on or off for purposes of gathering more information or decluttering:<br />
<br />
* '''RID DISABLE:''' ? needs more info. Not yet implemented.<br />
* '''ALT NUM:''' Displays the altitude of contact with a singular digit rounded to the nearest thousand.<br />
* '''SYM ELEM:''' Displays the symbology of contacts corresponding to HAFU.<br />
* '''DATA LINK:''' Displays contacts from the datalink frequency.<br />
* '''JAM STROBE:''' Displays the jamming strobes. Not yet implemented.<br />
* '''NON-ATTK:''' Displays determined (manual IFF or datalink) HAFU of friendly contacts.<br />
* '''VEL VECTOR:''' Displays the velocity vectors of contacts.<br />
* '''LAUNCH ZONE:''' Displays contact approximate missile launch zones.<br />
<br />
==AN/AWG-9 Radar==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat is equipped with the AN/AWG-9 all-weather and pulse-doppler radar. It is a very long-range radar used for the main purpose of intercept.<br />
<br />
===Radar Modes===<br />
The AWG-9 in the F-14B comes with 2 types of radar modes: doppler and pulse-doppler search. Of those two, subsets are able to be observed as 5 in this list:<br />
<br />
* '''PD SRCH:''' Pulse-Doppler Search mode. No bias factor of the radar, but impedes to pulse-doppler methods.<br />
* '''PD STT:''' Pulse-Doppler Single Target Track mode. By default upon acquiring a lock with the AWG-9, the radar will move to this function mode. It is currently suspectable to the notch filter.<br />
* '''RWS:''' Range While Search mode. The radar will prioritize the range of targets but not other factors. Falls under pulse-doppler.<br />
* '''TWS MAN:''' Track While Scan - Manual mode. The radar will prioritize the situational awareness of other targets but not give information on every target. The radar will also prioritize targets by threat importance.<br />
* '''TWS AUTO:''' Track While Scan - Auto mode. The radar will perform the same as TWS Man, but the elevation and azimuth controls will be automated in the process for an optimal scan.<br />
* '''PULSE SRCH:''' Pulse Search mode. No bias factor of the radar and can not be impeded to the notch filter, unlike the pulse-doppler method. The radar will, however, output a return of everything that is scanned and requires tuning.<br />
* '''PULSE STT:''' Pulse Single Target Track mode. Performing similarly to Pulse Search mode, this function mode applies to only a single target and is not suspectable to the notch filter.<br />
<br />
====Pulse-Doppler Search Mode====<br />
[[File:f14 pulsedoppler.png|thumb|350px]]<br />
The pulse-doppler search mode is used mainly as a kind of early warning mode. It is the search mode with the greatest detection range but it can display no range to the RIO, only closure rate. For this reason, the TID can display no track information.<br />
<br />
====Pulse-Doppler STT Mode====<br />
[[File:f14 pdstt.png|thumb|350px]]<br />
The pulse-doppler STT works and looks much like the pulse STT mode. It does, however, have the same advantages and disadvantages compared to pulse STT as the other pulse-doppler modes compared to the pulse modes. This means that while much better at tracking a target close to the ground it is however vulnerable to notching.<br />
<br />
The DDD display for pulse-doppler STT looks like pulse STT display except that the target return and antenna azimuth display are moved to the left side of the screen and a generated synthetic target marker is displayed at the correct azimuth instead. This is so that the targets range can be displayed by the synthetic target, unlike the other pulse-doppler modes which only shows closure rate. The other symbology on the DDD in this mode are the same as in pulse STT.<br />
<br />
====Range While Search Mode====<br />
In range while search, a frequency measuring ranging mode is added (FM ranging) to allow the radar to measure the range of tracked targets in addition to closure rate. This additional processing does, however, mean that the effective range of the radar is somewhat lesser. The display on the DDD is the same as in pulse-doppler search, the TID however also shows tracks in this mode showing the targets as tracks momentarily as they’re scanned and displaying their position and altitude. <br />
<br />
The targets are shown for a maximum of two seconds or until the antenna again scans the same bar at the same azimuth at which time it is removed unless detected again. The maximum number of concurrently shown tracks are 48.<br />
<br />
====TWS Manual Mode====<br />
The track, while scan mode uses the same FM ranging as RWS with the same reduction in range compared to pulse-doppler search and the DDD display, is also the same. The main difference that the computer establishes track files and tracks up to 24 targets concurrently of which 18 can be shown on the TID at any given time.<br />
<br />
As the computer routine calculating these tracks need a set track refresh time of 2 seconds this limits available azimuth scan area and bar settings to either 20° 4 bars or 40° 2 bars. When entering TWS the computer automatically selects the ±20° 4 bar scan disregarding the RIO set scan volumes unless those are set to ±40° 2 bars in which case that is used instead.<br />
<br />
The TWS mode is also the only mode enabling guidance of the AIM-54 at multiple targets (up to six), and as soon as engageable targets are detected the computer starts assigning them a missile priority number according to optimal missile firing sequence.<br />
<br />
====TWS Auto Mode====<br />
Performing similarly to TWS Man mode, what differs between the two is that in TWS auto the computer takes control of used scan volume and scan pattern azimuth and elevation as soon as target tracks are present. The WCS computer automatically tries to optimize the scan volume and direction so that tracking of the prioritized targets is maximized. If not selected before launch the WCS overrides as soon as the first AIM-54 is launched and selects TWS Auto.<br />
<br />
====Pulse Search Mode====<br />
[[File:f14 pulse.png|thumb|350px]]<br />
Pulse search is used to search for and find airborne targets at range. It is possible to use this radar mode as a basic ground mapper as well which can be useful for navigation and navigational fixes and can also be used in a pinch to detect larger surface targets like ships. Keep in mind though that the radar is not built with this as its main function and that a real air-to-ground radar will outperform it handily.<br />
<br />
In this mode, the radar cannot by itself differentiate targets and generate tracks meaning that the WCS will not generate track files and display anything on the TID. This also means that pulse search is not capable of guiding missiles.<br />
<br />
====Pulse STT Mode====<br />
[[File:f14 pstt.png|thumb|350px]]<br />
Pulse STT is used to track a single target, like pulse search mode it is not susceptible to notching but it is to ground clutter. The fact that the STT modes use gates to track the target, in this case, range gates, means that it is less susceptible to ground clutter but a target close enough to the ground that the ground return enters the range gates would be likely to shake the lock.<br />
<br />
As it is only in the pulse-doppler modes that the missile guidance commands can be sent pulse STT is limited to launching AIM-7s in CW mode and AIM-54s in an active launch mode limiting their ranges. At short ranges, ACM ranges, it is possible to use the ASPECT switch to set what aspect of the target to track, this is just to counter different types of countermeasures. As an example, if set to NOSE the radar will be less susceptible to chaff as the radar weights its track towards the targets leading-edge (nose) away from the chaff being launched behind the target.<br />
<br />
A successful track is indicated by the ANT TRK and RDROT indicator lights on the DDD, meaning that the antenna is tracking the target and that the target is within the range gates. If the target is jamming with sufficient strength, negating a range track, the radar will transition to a jam angle track instead, indicated by the JAT indicator light on the DDD illuminating instead of the RDROT. When range tracking is again possible at closer ranges the radar will transition to that instead.<br />
<br />
The DDD in this mode will be similar to the pulse search mode but the antenna will be locked onto the target and not scan. Additionally, the DDD will show the range gates around the target, a closing rate symbol at the right scale and applicable attack symbology if a valid missile is selected.<br />
<br />
===Anti-Jamming Modes===<br />
Not yet implemented.<br />
<br />
===AN/APX-76 IFF Interrogator===<br />
The AN/APX-76 IFF (Identification Friend or Foe) interrogator is integrated into the AN/AWG-9 operation. Then interrogator antenna itself is located on the AN/AWG-9 antenna gimbal platform. An IFF system works by sending out an interrogation pulse and then listening for returns from cooperating transponders. In addition to the unencrypted civilian mode the AN/APX-76 is capable of interrogating in the encrypted military mode 4. This ensures that targets replying to mode 4 interrogations are indeed friendly. The AN/APX-76 can be used both in search radar modes and in STT radar modes. To enable interrogation the IFF switch is depressed on the Detail Data Display Panel which then activates the interrogator for as long as the button is held up to 10 seconds max.<br />
<br />
When enabled IFF received IFF returns are then overlaid on the normal AN/AWG-9 radar returns on the DDD. A friendly target will be indicated with two bars, one above and one below the normal radar return. As the AN/APX-76 is a separate radar, secondary mode, radar apart from the AWG-9 the IFF can sometimes also detect targets not detected by the AWG-9. In this case the IFF return will not have a radar echo inside it. In the search mode this is overlaid over each target replying and in STT over the STT target. Additionally, if the STT target is hooked on the TID the DDD will switch from normal range display to a ±10 NM display to enable display of multiple returns in case of closely grouped targets.<br />
<br />
==HAFU/Datalink==<br />
[[File:HAFU.png|right|80px]]<br />
Hostile, Ambiguous, Friendly or Unknown (HAFU) is a symbology system used by the F/A-18 to represent trackfiles; specifically, to show its status as a friendly or hostile. It is usually what trackfiles are displayed as across the software.<br />
<br />
There are four HAFU symbols:<br />
*'''Triangle:''' Hostile (red when colored)<br />
*'''Thick Staple:''' Ambiguous (yellow when colored)<br />
*'''Half-Circle:''' Friendly (green when colored)<br />
*'''Thin Staple:''' Unknown (yellow when colored)<br />
<br />
<br />
All types except ambiguous can be manually assigned via the [[#SA Format|Situational Awareness]] format. Tracks will also be automatically identified as explained below.<br />
<br />
A hostile HAFU will be assigned whenever:<br />
* A negative IFF response is returned, and<br />
** An NCTR print returns with an aircraft type that is on the hostile coalition; or<br />
** A SURV (surveillance, like an AWACS) source over datalink also marks it hostile; or<br />
** A F/F (fighter-fighter, like another F/A-18) source over datalink also marks it hostile.<br />
<br />
<br />
An ambiguous HAFU will be assigned when the aircraft and a donor have conflicting identifications (friendly and hostile).<br />
<br />
A friendly HAFU will be assigned whenever an IFF interrogation returns as friendly or the track itself is contributed to by the Precise Participant Location and Identification (PPLI) system.<br />
<br />
An unknown HAFU will be assigned by default until it is updated by meeting one of the requirements above.<br />
<br />
=Air-to-Air Weapons=<br />
----<br />
This area will cover over all the different air-to-air weapons brought with the F-14B Tomcat.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Air Gun==<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Air Missiles==<br />
===AIM-54 Phoenix===<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
====AIM-54A Mk.60====<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
====AIM-54C Mk.47====<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
===AIM-7 Sparrow===<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
===AIM-9 Sidewinder===<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
=Air-to-Ground Weapons=<br />
----<br />
The F-14B Tomcat comes with a variety of air-to-ground weapons after the upgrade to the Bombcat.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Ground Gun==<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Ground Bombs==<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
===Mk-20/81/82/83/84 GPB===<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
===GBU-12/14/16 LGB===<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
===BDU-33 Training Bomb===<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
===ADM-141 TALD===<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Ground Rockets==<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
=Resources=<br />
----<br />
==Manuals & Documents==<br />
* [https://info.publicintelligence.net/F14AAP-1B.pdf F-14B NATOPS Pocket Checklist]<br />
* [http://www.heatblur.se/F-14Manual/ Heatblur F-14 Manual]<br />
<br />
==Heatblur's Videos==<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q1o7E9pb95Y Episode 1: Overview]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OO3IdQjAdDA Episode 2: Pilot's Cockpit Walkaround]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ws1GxPG2ZXw Episode 3: Cold And Dark (Full Startup)]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kgpGO7fj4oU Episode 4: The RIO's Office]<br />
<br />
==Jabbers' Tutorial Videos==<br />
(They're good!)<br />
<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2qwlJs__iYk Pilot - Startup/Taxi/Takeoff with JESTER AI]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b5opjCygZug Pilot - Maneuvering and Flight Characteristics]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f4y2oZ-7rM8 Pilot - Air-to-Air Refueling]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ujk4hL_EnUc Pilot - ACM - Radar Acquisition Modes]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wftck0C3fJ8 Pilot - Weapons - Zuni Rockets with JESTER AI]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4m-Q02gxFEA Pilot - Weapons - AIM-9 Sidewinder]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SWeHtpJ00JI RIO - Startup]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r4-Dd4ss2Rc RIO - AWG-9 Radar]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YG7sWweg2RQ RIO - IFF Interrogation]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2q-bHFyTEr8 Overview - AIM-54C Mk.47 Phoenix - Tacview Debrief]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PyAQpqVhtBY Overview - AIM-54A Mk.60 Phoenix - Tacview Debrief]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4groy-_Bxfk Quick Tips - AIM-54 Phoenix]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Is3AtOX-abw Quick Tips - Bombing]</div>Siriushttps://wiki.hoggitworld.com/index.php?title=F-14A/B&diff=10578F-14A/B2019-09-04T23:40:22Z<p>Sirius: /* Mk-81/82/83/84 GPB */</p>
<hr />
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<br />
''Credits to Jak for having the [[F/A-18C]] page serve as a guide and filler content on related systems.''<br />
<br />
The Grumman '''F-14A/B''' Tomcat is a two-seat, twin-engine supersonic variable wing-sweep fighter aircraft. The F-14 was the first US fighter jet with twin tails and was the largest & heaviest US fighter to ever fly from an aircraft carrier. The reason that the F-14 was so incredibly large and heavy was that it carried the large AWG-9 radar and accompanying AIM-54 Phoenix (air-to-air) missiles: this very capable combination allowed the F-14 to make shots of up to 200 nautical miles at the bad guys. Also, being big means you can carry a lot of fuel!<br />
<br />
Of course, the practical range of the AWG-9 is rather more limited, especially if you are shooting at more maneuverable fighter-sized targets, but even at these closer ranges, the AIM-54 Phoenix is still a capable missile that should not be underestimated. The F-14 is also capable of carrying an array of air-to-ground weapons, such as dumb bombs in both high and low drag forms, air-to-ground Zuni rockets and even laser-guided bombs, which can be self-designated using the LANTIRN targeting pod on the F-14.<br />
<br />
Most people will recognize and adore the F-14 because of its stardom presence in that one weird volleyball movie from the '80s. Its on-screen presence in movies will make the F-14 to appear docile and easy to fly, but due to lack of a fly-by-wire the F-14 can be a real handful: it being a pilot's aircraft however makes it fun to fly and learn. The analogous nature of the F-14 (comparable to the F-5E II Tigershark) will give you a good knowledge of the airplane over time but requires a bit of a different mindset that the computerized flight of the F/A-18C and the F-15.<br />
<br />
__TOC__<br />
<br />
=Weapons List=<br />
----<br />
==Implemented==<br />
Partially or fully implemented weapons of the F14/A/B Tomcat:<br />
* M61 Vulcan Six-Barreled Gatling Gun<br />
* AIM-7M/F Sparrow<br />
* CAP/AIM-9M Sidewinder<br />
* AIM-54A Phoenix Mk. 60<br />
* AIM-54C Phoenix Mk. 47<br />
* Mk-81, 82, 83, and 84 <br />
* GBU-10, 12, 16, and 24 <br />
* MK-20 Rockeye<br />
* Zuni Rockets<br />
* BDU-33 Practice Bombs<br />
* ADM-141 TALD<br />
* LUU-2 Parachute Flare<br />
* Smokewinder<br />
* LANTIRN Pod<br />
* FPU-1 Fuel Tank<br />
<br />
==Planned==<br />
Weapons not yet implemented into the Tomcat:<br />
* TARPS Pod<br />
<br />
=Hands On Throttle And Stick (HOTAS)=<br />
----<br />
==Throttle==<br />
[[File:throttle.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The throttle of the F-14 Tomcat consists of 2 quadrants, both for the left and right engines. There is an afterburner detent along with a cutoff detent for maximum throttle and shutdown of the engine for each quadrant.<br />
<br />
The throttle has the following controls:<br />
# '''Speed Brake Switch:''' 2-position switch. "EXT" is a momentary and needed input position that extends the speed brake outward depending on the aircraft speed.<br />
# '''Wing Sweep Switch:''' 4-way hat switch. "AUTO" sets the wing to sweep automatically determined by an onboard computer, "BOMB" sets the wing to sweep in an angled position between fully extended and retracted and dependent on speed for the air-to-ground bombing.<br />
# '''PLM Button:''' multifunction button. When the steering command is in A2A mode, this acts as a pilot lock-on tool for the AWG-9 radar. But when used for landing and/or in the LDG steering command mode, this allows for disengagement of the ACLS.<br />
# '''CAGE/SEAM Button:''' multifunction button. When the steering command is in A2A mode, this allows for CAGE/SEAM lock-on of the AIM-9 Sidewinder. But when used for landing and/or in the LDG steering command mode, this allows for disengagement of the APC.<br />
# '''Exterior Light Switch:''' 2-position switch. Used to toggle the exterior lights of the aircraft.<br />
# '''ICS PTT Switch:''' 2-position switch. Acts as a push-to-talk system for the ICS system inside of the aircraft used between the Pilot and RIO. (or JESTER AI)<br />
<br />
==Control Stick==<br />
[[File:stick.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The control stick is located in the center of the cockpit, mounted onto the floor. Left and right movements of the control stick direct hydraulic movement to the spoilers and horizontal stabilizers of the aircraft. Forward and backward movement result to respectively the same but to the horizontal stabilizers.<br />
<br />
The control stick has the following controls:<br />
# '''Bomb Release Button:''' single-purpose button. When pressed in A2G steering command mode, all pylons selected with bombs will release respective of the ripple settings, type, and interval.<br />
# '''Trim Hat:''' 4-way hat switch. Upward movement moves the aircraft downward, and downward movement moves the aircraft upward. Both left and right movements follow to their directions according to their name.<br />
# '''Weapon Select Hat:''' 4-way hat switch. Bottom selection is OFF, and a ridge requires a momentary push action to move in/out of to GUN. Following all to the top are SW, then SP/PH which requires a momentary push action to switch between.<br />
# '''DLC & Maneuver Flap Command Wheel:''' scrollable dial. Moving it with the landing gears fully deployed acts as a variable control for spoiler extension. With the landing gears up, the dial also acts the same but for flaps and slats.<br />
# '''DLC Engage/Disengage & CMS Dispense Button:''' multifunction button. When pressed with the landing gears fully deployed, this controls the engagement and disengagement of the DLC system. But with the landing gears fully retracted, this allows for pilot control of the CMS system.<br />
# '''Autopilot Reference & NWS Button:''' multifunction button. When the aircraft is up in the air, this controls specific autopilot settings. But when the aircraft is on the ground, this controls the activation of the nosewheel steering system.<br />
# '''Autopilot Emergency Disengage Paddle:''' multifunction button. Disengages all autopilot modes and DLC and releases all autopilot switches and roll and pitch SAS switches to OFF position.<br />
# '''Weapon Firing Trigger:''' two-stage trigger switch. The first detent enables CTVS and gun camera. Second detent releases selected forwards firing the weapon.<br />
<br />
=Flight Controls & Landing Gear=<br />
----<br />
==Flight Controls==<br />
[[File:Wheels-flaps.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The F-14B has a large hydraulic system which covers for all of the control surfaces of the aircraft. Without the hydraulic system, or taking damage the controls are in risk of improperly working. The F-14 Tomcat was the last of its generation to have no integration of an FBW or FCS system, which was introduced with the F-15 Eagle.<br />
<br />
The F-14's primary flight controls are:<br />
* '''Left Spoilers (LES):''' A set of spoilers that lie within the left wing of the aircraft that help with aileron movement and control that react opposite of the intended direction.<br />
* '''Right Spoilers (RES):''' A set of spoilers that lie within the right wing of the aircraft that help with aileron movement and control that react opposite of the intended direction.<br />
* '''Tailerons (TAIL):''' Two horizontal stabilizers located on the rear end of the aircraft that control both pitch and aileron movement.<br />
* '''Leading Edge Flaps (LEF):''' Normal slats located on the leading (front) edge of the wings to add lift.<br />
* '''Trailing Edge Flaps (TEF):''' Normal flaps located on the trailing (back) edge of the wings to add lift.<br />
<br />
<br />
The control stick controls the stabilators, ailerons, and rudder and the rudder pedals control the rudder.<br />
<br />
===Flaps System===<br />
The aircraft's flap system provides more lift (and as a byproduct, drag). The flaps lever has two positions:<br />
* '''NONE:''' This applies no flap whatsoever to the wings of the aircraft.<br />
* '''FULL:''' This applies full movement of flaps to the wings of the aircraft.<br />
<br />
<br />
The flaps lever allows for variable movement, which gives the pilot the ability to control the amount of flap they wish for.<br />
<br />
===Speed Brake===<br />
The speed brake is a flap located on the end of the aircraft designed to provide drag to decelerate faster. It is activated via the speed brake switch on the throttle. The two positions are:<br />
* '''EXT:''' When the switch is moved aft, this extends the speed brake of the aircraft out depending on the airspeed.<br />
* '''RET:''' When the switch is moved forward, this retracts the speed brake.<br />
<br />
===Trim===<br />
The tailerons are capable of being trimmed to make roll and pitch corrections. This is accomplished with the trim hat on the controls stick. When the autopilot system is engaged, the onboard computer will attempt to make active trim movements in order to keep the aircraft within the specified attitude when set, along of the setting parameters. As speed is either gained or lost, the trim will actively move the stick as well along of the tailerons to adapt.<br />
<br />
===Wing Sweep===<br />
The wings of the aircraft are a variable-sweep design allowing for automatic or manual movements from pilot input on the right throttle quadrant. Similar to wing fold, the wings are able to be overswept from its maximum position through a master reset of the system in order to allow tighter space and closer parking on the carrier deck.<br />
<br />
==Landing Gear==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat has 3 retractable landing gears: the nose gear, the left gear, and the right gear. The gear is moved via the gear lever on the left side of the cockpit. In the up position, the gear will retract. In the down position, the gear will extend. The gear lever cannot be put up with weight on wheels. The gear will not retract with the launch bar extended.<br />
<br />
===Nosewheel Steering===<br />
The nose gear features nosewheel steering (NWS) controlled by the rudder pedals. With the weight off of the wheels, it is disengaged. It automatically engages upon there being the weight on wheels. NWS is disengaged manually via the button on the stick.<br />
<br />
===Launch Bar===<br />
On the front nosegear is a launch bar that attaches the airplane to a catapult from launches from an aircraft carrier. Its deployment is pilot-controlled, but it is connected to the catapult by the ground crew (DCS default binding is U).<br />
<br />
It is controlled via the launch bar switch on the left upper console. When the switch in the RETRACT position, the launch bar will retract, but physically cannot do so when connected to the catapult. The switch will move to the RETRACT position automatically when there is a weight off wheels. In the EXTEND position, the launch bar will extend if there is the weight on wheels.<br />
<br />
=Autopilot and Autothrottle=<br />
----<br />
The F-14 Tomcat has the ability to automate certain types of flight via its Automatic Flight Control System (AFCS) and Automatic Throttle Control (ATC). The AFCS, or simply the autopilot, control the flight surfaces and the ATC controls the throttles.<br />
<br />
==AFCS==<br />
[[File:afcs.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The Automatic Flight Control System (AFCS), or just the "autopilot", controls the aircraft's flight controls to automate maneuvering. It is interfaced on the autopilot panel via the A/P engage switch. On the autopilot panel, there are 7 modes able to be toggled:<br />
# '''Pitch Stabilizer Augmentation:''' 2-position switch. This switch controls the ability for the pitch to be augmented for dampening.<br />
# '''Roll Stabilizer Augmentation:''' 2-position switch. This switch controls the ability for the roll to be augmented for dampening.<br />
# '''Yaw Stabilizer Augmentation:''' 2-position switch. This switch controls the ability for the yaw to be augmented for dampening.<br />
# '''VEC/PCD/ACL Switch:''' 3-position switch. This switch controls the remote control modes of autopilot with the steering bars and ACLS.<br />
# '''ALT Switch:''' 2-position switch.' This switch controls the ability to maintain the current altitude when autopilot is engaged.<br />
# '''HDG/GT Switch:''' 3-position switch. This switch controls the ability to maintain the current heading when autopilot is engaged.<br />
# '''ENGAGE Switch:''' 2-position switch. This switch engages and disengages the autopilot.<br />
<br />
==ATC==<br />
The automatic throttle control (ATC), or just "autothrottle", controls the physical throttles and thereby automated thrust control. ATC is toggled via ATC engage/disengage switch next to the throttle. When the ATC is engaged, the physical means of the throttle quadrants will begin to move on their own. However, whenever the pilot makes any new movement to the throttle whatsoever, the ATC will disengage to allow pilot control over both of the engines. The ATC is primarily used for landing on a carrier along of the ACLS system.<br />
<br />
=Digital Systems Overview=<br />
----<br />
[[File:displays.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
==Pilot==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat comes with 2 digital display screens in the Pilot cockpit:<br />
* '''Vertical Display Indicator (VDI):''' a multifunction display that allows for the pilot to see their HUD in a form of a repeater, and the [[#Television Camera Set|TCS]].<br />
* '''Horizontal Situation Display Indicator (HSD):''' a multifunction display that allows for the pilot to see their virtual compass for navigation modes, and the [[#AWG-9 Pulse-Doppler Radar|AWG-9 Radar]] from the RIO TID as a repeater.<br />
<br />
===Heads Up Display===<br />
The head-up display (HUD) is a projected display at the front of the cockpit that serves as the primary flight instrument. It also provides various indications for weapon delivery; this section will cover the HUD's indications in NAV master mode. Master mode/weapon-specific indications on the HUD will be covered in the relevant section.<br />
<br />
====Reject Modes====<br />
Via the switches next to the TO button on the displays panel, you are able to "declutter" or remove information off of the HUD.<br />
<br />
==Radar Intercept Officer==<br />
The Radar Intercept Officer (RIO) comes with 3 digital display screens in the RIO cockpit:<br />
* '''Detail Data Display (DDD):''' a dual-purpose display that allows for the RIO to see contacts on the [[#AWG-9 Pulse-Doppler Radar|radar]], based on the range and radar mode.<br />
* '''Tactical Information Display (TID):''' a multi-purpose display that allows for the RIO to see their [[#AWG-9 Pulse-Doppler Radar|AWG-9]] situational awareness, [[#Television Camera Set|TCS]], [[#TARPS Pod|TARPS]] and [[#LANTIRN Targeting Pod|LANTIRN]] pods.<br />
* '''Horizontal Situation Display Indicator (HSD):''' a multi-purpose display as to the one in the pilot cockpit.<br />
<br />
==Master Modes==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat has 5 primarily modes for information displayed. The 5 master modes are:<br />
* '''TO:''' switch. Displays takeoff information on HUD and VDI for degrees.<br />
* '''CRUISE:''' single-purpose button. Displays in-air flight information on HUD and VDI for degrees.<br />
* '''A/A:''' single-purpose button. Displays air-to-air information on HUD and VDI for degrees; and weapon employment.<br />
* '''A/G:''' single-purpose button. Displays air-to-ground information on HUD and VDI for degrees; and weapon employment.<br />
* '''LDG:''' single-purpose button. Displays landing information on HUD and VDI for degrees.<br />
<br />
<br />
Additionally, the F-14 Tomcat has an Air Combat Maneuver (ACM) panel which controls all air-to-air and air-to-ground aspects for armament.<br />
<br />
=Navigation=<br />
----<br />
The F-14 Tomcat has an inertial navigation system (INS) that allows the pilot to navigate by internal gyros aligned. However, due to the fault of having no GPS assistance, these gyros slowly drift over time and cause misalignment for visual information.<br />
<br />
==HSD==<br />
[[File:Hsd.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The Horizontal Situation Display Indicator (HSD) is the primary interface with the airplane's navigation systems. The HSI can be accessed from the bottom display screen. The basic function of the HSI is a rotating compass with a looking-from-above perspective. The controls for this screen are:<br />
# '''BRT Control:''' dial. Controls the brightness of the HSD screen.<br />
# '''HDG Control:''' dial. Controls the heading reference in TACAN mode.<br />
# '''CRS Control:''' dial. Controls the course heading reference in MAN and TACAN modes.<br />
# '''Test Button:''' single-purpose button. Resets the HSD screen if overload protection activates.<br />
# '''BIT Indicator:''' light. Shows a white light if a failure produces in the HSD.<br />
<br />
=== Steering Commands ===<br />
The HSD comes with a set of 5 different steering commands, which each have their own purpose towards displaying certain information:<br />
* '''TACAN:''' single-purpose button. Displays information based off of a radio beacon with range and direction.<br />
* '''DEST:''' single-purpose button. Displays information off of a selected waypoint from the RIO with range and direction.<br />
* '''AWL/PCD:''' single-purpose button. Displays information off of an ICLS frequency with azimuth and elevation bars (on VDI and HUD)<br />
* '''VEC:''' single-purpose button. ? (needs more info.)<br />
* '''MAN:''' single-purpose button. Displays information off of an entered heading (HDG Control) with direction.<br />
<br />
==Waypoints==<br />
The F-14B comes with an onboard flight computer system that handles waypoint navigation during in-air flight. The navigation system in the F-14B Tomcat gives a variety of waypoint holders, along with information for a set home plate.<br />
<br />
===Pilot===<br />
For the F-14B pilot, the waypoint information is able to be accessed by the DEST steering command and by using the NAV HSD display mode.<br />
<br />
===Radar Intercept Officer===<br />
For the F-14B Radar Intercept Officer, (RIO) the waypoints must be manually assigned by the RIO through the Computer Address Panel (CAP) system under the TAC DATA category. Once done, the waypoint must be selected through the CAP and entered in with coordinates similar to how INS alignment procedures are done.<br />
<br />
==TACAN==<br />
Tactical Air Navigation (TACAN) is a military radio navigation system. A TACAN beacon allows for an aircraft to determine its bearing and range from it, and using this information can navigate. TACAN's may be ground-based or be broadcasted by an airplane. TACAN channels have two bands, X and Y, and range from 1-126. 2 TACAN channels may be set present in the aircraft by both the Pilot and RIO for simultaneous use.<br />
<br />
The TACAN setting knobs give a range of these options:<br />
*'''T/R:''' Transmit and receive. Gets bearing and range from the TACAN.<br />
*'''RCV:''' Receive. Gets bearing from the TACAN.<br />
*'''A/A:''' Air-to-air TACAN mode.<br />
*'''X:''' Tunes the selected frequency on the X band.<br />
*'''Y:''' Tunes the selected frequency on the Y band.<br />
<br />
==ICLS==<br />
For night and low visibility operations, aircraft carriers have an Instrument Carrier Landing System (ICLS) to allow for instrument approaches to the carrier. ICLS provides horizontal and vertical guidance. The F-14 is equipped with ICLS.<br />
<br />
To activate the airplane's ICLS antenna, an ICLS dial is present to the right of the warning lights advisory panel, with an ARA on/off switch, used to toggle power to the system.<br />
<br />
When ILS is selected on the HSI, two bars, one horizontal and one vertical, appear near the velocity vector on the HUD. These indicate a vertical and horizontal deviation from the optimal glideslope (3°) and course to the deck. When they are both aligned with the velocity vector (making a "+"), the aircraft is on course.<br />
<br />
==ACLS==<br />
For CAT III conditions and poor visibility, the F-14 is equipped with the Automatic Carrier Landing System (ACLS) to allow an automatic flight to the carrier via. a radio-guided input from a Landing Signal Officer. (LSO) The auto-throttle and autopilot systems must be engaged and present during the time of activation with this system, along with lights given to the left of the VDI display.<br />
<br />
Datalink is required between the aircraft and the carrier in order for ACLS to work. When the best position of the azimuth and glideslope bars are within parameters, the nosewheel steering button is pressed in order to engage guidance.<br />
<br />
==Navigation Failures==<br />
The F-14B has a variety of navigation failures that may/can occur, including methods to fix them.<br />
<br />
===Navigation Fix Update===<br />
An error of latitude or longitude in the computer position of the aircraft can be corrected by a navigation fix update. Updating is especially important in the backup modes (AHRS AM and IMU/ AM) because of the estimated winds and magnetic variation changes. A nav fix is done via a ground-reference-point (latitude and longitude) position. The range and bearing of this position to the present aircraft position are used to update or correct existing values. The nav system may be updated by either a radar fix, a TACAN fix, or a visual fix.<br />
<br />
Before performing a nav fix, the latitude and longitude of the desired update point (radar, TACAN, or visual) must be stored in one of eight navigation point locations (three WPs, FIX PT, HOME BASE, HOST AREA, DEF PT, and IP). This data can be stored prior to flight by data link or by manual insertion. Then follow these steps:<br />
<br />
# Hook the Waypoint you choose to select for the nav fix.<br />
# Check the stored latitude and longitude on the TID.<br />
# Rotate the CATEGORY switch to NAV and select the desired type of update.<br />
<br />
<br />
Note that updating the position while in INS, and to a lesser degree while in IMU, can introduce a greater navigational position error than already present, in particular, if radar fix is used to update the nav system. Updates with a visual or TACAN fix provide reasonable accuracy (assuming a good MAG VAR during TACAN updates). Updating your nav system via a nav fix should be primarily used in the AHRS mode.<br />
<br />
===Radar Fix Update===<br />
An RDR FIX may be selected before or after positioning the DDD cursors. If the RDR FIX button is depressed, the computer computes the present position of the aircraft by measuring the range and bearing from the selected point. The delta between the computer position and the position determined by the INS is then displayed on the TID. If the entry of this delta into the navigation computations is desired, press the FIX ENABLE button. If the delta does not appear to be correct, the computer and the readout can be cleared by pressing the RDR FIX button. The fix may then be attempted again. The RIO should also perform periodic checks of own aircraft system altitude and update the altitude if necessary.<br />
<br />
Radar updating is performed as follows:<br />
<br />
# TID CURSOR/CAP - Hook Desired Navigation Point for Update.<br />
# PULSE SRCH button - Depress.<br />
# On sensor control panel: STAB switch - IN. EL BARS switch - 1. AZ SCAN switch - As Desired.<br />
# RDR FIX button - Depress.<br />
# DDD CURSOR button - Depress.<br />
# Action switch - Half Action (first detent).<br />
# Cursor is displayed on DDD.<br />
# Manipulate hand control DDD cursor over desired ground map point.<br />
# Action switch - Full Action and Release. (This will cause the DDD cursor to remain at the selected position.<br />
# Observe the delta for LAT and LONG on TID.<br />
# If readouts are unsatisfactory, deselect RDR FIX and repeat steps 4 through 12.<br />
# FIX ENABLE button - Depress.<br />
<br />
===TACAN Update===<br />
To perform a nav fix by TACAN requires that a restored waypoint shares identical LAT and LONG values with the TACAN station that will be used for the fix. Select the TACAN channel for the desired station and verify by listening to the coded identifier tone in the headset.<br />
<br />
Press the TACAN FIX button to update the aircraft position from a TACAN station. The WCS computer then calculates the own aircraft position error based on the range and bearing from the TACAN station. The delta is then entered in the same manner as with a radar fix.<br />
<br />
Perform a TACAN fix following these steps:<br />
<br />
# Select a TACAN channel whose latitude and longitude correspond to an update point.<br />
# Hook desired update point (WAYPT 1, FIX PT, HOME BASE, etc.).<br />
# CATEGORY switch - NAV.<br />
# TACAN FIX button - Depress.<br />
# Observe present position delta readout.<br />
# If delta is unsatisfactory, deselect TACAN FIX and repeat steps 2 through 7.<br />
# FIX ENABLE button - Depress.<br />
<br />
===Visual Update===<br />
To perform a visual fix, fly over a restored waypoint and press the VIS FIX button. Estimate your timing, because the aircraft nose and fuselage can obscure the fixed point during an overflight. It is also difficult to estimate when directly overhead a waypoint if the aircraft altitude is greater than 10.000 feet. The delta for the visual fix is displayed on the TID. Enter the delta by pressing FIX ENABLE.<br />
<br />
To perform a visual fix use the following steps:<br />
<br />
# Hook desired update point (WAY PT, HB, IP, etc.).<br />
# Select NAV category on CAP.<br />
# Overfly the selected restored point and when over the point, depress the VIS FIX button on the cap.<br />
# If the delta is not satisfactory, press VIS FIX again to clear the delta and repeat from step 1.<br />
# If a satisfactory delta is displayed, depress the FIX ENABLE button; this causes the delta correction of own-aircraft position to be inserted into the computer.<br />
<br />
===Datalink Update===<br />
To perform a data link update of the aircraft INS to the TDS frame of reference, the aircraft and TDS must share a prebriefed waypoint, identical in latitude and longitude. Enter this LAT/LONG data into the HOST AREA pseudo target file. The TDS will uplink the common reference point as a data link waypoint. When the aircraft and TDS INS systems agree, the data link waypoint and host area symbols will be superimposed on the TID. If they drift apart, the two pseudo targets on the TID will drift as well.<br />
<br />
To perform an update via data link, use the following steps:<br />
<br />
# Hook data link waypoint corresponding prebriefed reference point.<br />
# Select NAV category on CAP.<br />
# Overfly the hooked data link waypoint. When immediately over the point, press VIS FIX button on CAP.<br />
# Observe delta LAT and LONG on TID.<br />
# If deltas are satisfactory and update is desired, depress FIX ENABLE.<br />
# After a data link update, HOST AREA and data link waypoint should be superimposed on the TID again.<br />
<br />
===Fighter-to-Fighter Navigation Update===<br />
Net aircraft that use fighter-to-fighter data link can update their navigation system in the FF/DL mode. To update LAT/LONG hook the net aircraft symbol of an aircraft that is in close proximity and select F/F NAV UPDATE on the CAP. This will enter the hooked aircraft’s coordinates into the INS as own-aircraft coordinates. To update the nav system on an aircraft that is not close, first obtain a radar STT on that aircraft, hook the STT-ed aircraft on the TID and then press F/F NAV UPDATE on the CAP.<br />
<br />
=Defensive Systems=<br />
----<br />
The F-14B is equipped with various defensive systems: the AN/ALE-39 Countermeasure Dispensing System (CMDS), for the release of chaff and flares, the AN/ALQ-126 Deception ECM (DECM), for jamming enemy radar, and the AN/ALR-67 Radar Warning Reciever (RWR), for detection of enemy radar emitters and missile launches.<br />
<br />
==AN/ALR-67 RWR==<br />
[[File:alr-67.png|thumb|400px]]<br />
The AN/ALR-67 Radar Warning Receiver (RWR) provides the Hornet the ability to detect radars via the radio/microwave radiation they emit.<br />
<br />
===Audio Tones===<br />
Accompanying the RWR are various audio feedback tones:<br />
*'''Single Beep:''' A new ground- or sea-based emitter has been detected.<br />
*'''Double Beep:''' A new airborne emitter has been detected.<br />
*'''Repeating Beep:''' An emitter is tracking.<br />
*'''Faster Repeating Beep:''' An emitter is guiding a missile or is a missile.<br />
<br />
<br />
On the RWR gauge, the RWR knob will control the volume of the RWR tones.<br />
<br />
===Emitter Identifiers===<br />
''This list is, at present, not complete.''<br />
{|class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"<br />
!Type<br />
!RWR ID<br />
|-<br />
|U<br />
|Unknown<br />
|-<br />
|M<br />
|Active radar-homing missile<br />
|-<br />
|S<br />
|Search radar<br />
|-<br />
|3<br />
|SA-3 "Goa"<br />
|-<br />
|6<br />
|SA-6 "Gainful"<br />
|-<br />
|8<br />
|SA-8 "Gecko"<br />
|-<br />
|10<br />
|SA-10 "Grumble"<br />
|-<br />
|11<br />
|SA-11 "Gadfly"<br />
|-<br />
|11<br />
|F-111 Aardvark<br />
|-<br />
|12<br />
|SA-12 "Gladiator"<br />
|-<br />
|13<br />
|SA-13 "Gopher"<br />
|-<br />
|13<br />
|C-130 Hercules<br />
|-<br />
|14<br />
|F-14 Tomcat<br />
|-<br />
|15<br />
|F-15 Eagle<br />
|-<br />
|15 <br />
|SA-15 "Gauntlet"<br />
|-<br />
|16<br />
|F-16 Fighting Falcon<br />
|-<br />
|17<br />
|C-17 Globemaster III<br />
|-<br />
|18<br />
|F/A-18 Hornet<br />
|-<br />
|22<br />
|Tu-22 "Blinder"<br />
|-<br />
|23<br />
|MiG-23 "Flogger"<br />
|-<br />
|24<br />
|Su-24 "Fencer"<br />
|-<br />
|25<br />
|MiG-25 "Foxbat"<br />
|-<br />
|29<br />
|MiG-29 "Fulcrum"<br />
|-<br />
|29<br />
|Su-27 "Flanker"<br />
|-<br />
|29<br />
|Su-33 "Flanker-D"<br />
|-<br />
|30<br />
|Su-30 "Flanker-C"<br />
|-<br />
|31<br />
|MiG-31 "Foxhound"<br />
|-<br />
|34<br />
|Su-34 "Fullback"<br />
|-<br />
|39<br />
|Su-25M "Frogfoot"<br />
|-<br />
|40<br />
|''Spruance''-class destroyer<br />
|-<br />
|48<br />
|''Nimitz''-class carrier<br />
|-<br />
|49<br />
|''Oliver Hazard Perry''-class frigate<br />
|-<br />
|50<br />
|A-50 "Mainstay"<br />
|-<br />
|52<br />
|B-52 Stratofortress<br />
|-<br />
|76<br />
|IL-76 "Candid"<br />
|-<br />
|78<br />
|IL-78 "Midas"<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==AN/ALE-39 CMDS==<br />
[[File:f14 cms.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The AN/ALE-39 is the countermeasures dispensing set installed in the F-14B in this simulation. It controls its own set of launchers located between the engine nozzles on the underside of the so-called beaver-tail. The launchers each have two sections, one containing 10 cartridges and the other 20. They are referred to the left and right dispensers even though the left is really the front one and the right the back one with both being mounted inline on the left side of the tailhook. This is a remnant from the earliest model F-14s carrying the AN/ALE-29.<br />
<br />
This all sums up to a capacity of 60 cartridges in the system with each section necessarily holding one type of cartridges meaning that any combination of cartridges is possible as long as each type’s quantity is a multiple of 10. The system itself has no real knowledge of what is loaded where so incorrectly programming the system can lead to the wrong type of cartridge being ejected.<br />
<br />
===Cockpit Controls===<br />
The system itself can be operated manually from the control panel in the RIO pit or the DLC thumbwheel on the pilot stick when the flaps lever is in the up position. It is also capable of running programmed sequences of ejection which in turn can be initiated manually by the RIO from the control panel or the direction hats mounted on the handhold over the DDD. In addition, the AN/ALR-67 can also initiate the chaff ejection program if set up correctly on the AN/ALE-39 control panel.<br />
<br />
==AN/ALQ-126 DECM==<br />
The AN/ALQ-126 deception jammer is designed to detect radar threats, analyze them, select the optimum countermeasure technique available and apply it. Available techniques for jamming are amongst others, main lobe blanking, inverse con-scan, range-gate pull-off and swept square modes. In DCS this is modeled as a simple noise jammer due to engine limitations but controlled by the DECM logic as to when it’s on or off.<br />
<br />
===Cockpit Controls===<br />
The controls for the AN/ALQ-126 DECM are all located on the right horizontal panel in the RIO pit, the panel as the image above. In addition, there are two indication lights co-located with the RWR threat indicators on the right side of the TID. The mode selector knob controls power and operational mode that the system is in. The modes for the DECM are as follows:<br />
<br />
* '''OFF:''' turns off power to the system. STBY begins pre-warming of the system, taking in all-around 5 minutes.<br />
* '''TEST HOLD 3 SEC:''' is used to prepare the system for BIT, after 3 seconds in this mode, turn the knob to TEST - ACT.<br />
* '''TEST ACT:''' starts the BIT in the system. The BIT takes approximately 30 seconds and the RCV light will be illuminated the whole time while the XMIT light will flash twice. If the STANDBY light illuminates it indicates that a no-go condition exists in the system.<br />
* '''REC:''' enables the system to receive the only mode, enabling analyzation of threats and also the threat audio.<br />
* '''RPT:''' enables full system functionality, in addition to REC it also now tries to jam threats according to the selected method.<br />
<br />
=Television Camera Set=<br />
----<br />
[[File:tcs_symbology.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The F-14B is outfitted with the ALQ-100 Television Camera Set (TCS) pod, used for visually identifying aircraft during the time of which IFF was not a trusted/more inferior method to confirming hostile aircraft and to keep track of their position, as well as their living status.<br />
<br />
==Symbology==<br />
On the TID, in non-TV mode, a TCS track is indicated by a 1.5” strobe at TCS LOS azimuth with a hollow circle at the end.<br />
<br />
The symbology on the video feed from the TCS has indicators for the FOV and two crosshairs indicating TCS LOS relative own aircraft, GACH, and AN/AWG-9 radar LOS relative TCS LOS, RACH. Additionally, the track window is indicated by 4 small squares representing each corner of that window.<br />
<br />
The gimbal angle crosshairs or GACH, which is a solid cross, indicate deflection of the TCS LOS from the aircraft datum line, ADL. GACH crosshair in the center indicates TCS LOS along ADL and deflection towards the edges indicate deflection towards the gimbal limits with the video edges being maximum deflection.<br />
<br />
RACH or radar angle crosshairs, a dashed crosshair, indicate radar antenna LOS when inside the current TCS FOV. When the sensors slave to one another RACH and GACH will coincide creating a single solid crosshair.<br />
<br />
The track window indicates the area that the TCS contrast tracker is currently locked on to if it has acquired a target. When not in an active track these squares collapse into the center of the display being 2% of the screen width when in manual mode and 5% when in an auto mode.<br />
<br />
=LANTIRN Targeting Pod=<br />
----<br />
[[File:flir.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The F-14B can carry the AN/AAQ-14 Low Altitude Navigation and Targeting Infrared For Night (LANTIRN) targeting pod. This pod consists of a Forward-Looking Infrared (FLIR) camera (which also includes a digital charged coupled device camera) for target locating and observing, a Laser Target Designator/Ranger for firing a laser that both designates targets for laser-homing weapons and gathers ranging information for designating whatever the FLIR is pointed at as an air-to-ground, and a Laser Spot Tracker (LST) which can search for and track a laser, allowing for the FLIR to be cued onto an offboard (ground or air-designated) laser from another unit and then designate a Target off said point; this allows for most effective buddy-lasing. The targeting pod can be used in both air-to-ground and air-to-air functions, but the LTD/R and LST are only used for A/G operation.<br />
<br />
==Symbology==<br />
The following areas on the LANTIRN are to represent:<br />
# '''A/C Position Data:''' Displays aircraft LAT/LON, altitude, and groundspeed information.<br />
# '''LANTIRN Polarity:''' Displays white or hot background. AGC is for automatic gain control, MGC is for manual gain control.<br />
# '''LANTIRN Information:''' Gives general information on the pod. SR is for slant range, AZ/EL for azimuth/elevation of sight, and rest is UTC time.<br />
# '''LANTIRN Track Mode:''' Displays the current tracking mode. A/A is for air-to-air, A/G is for air-to-ground. Right side is for current selected weapon.<br />
# '''Track Data:''' Displays information of LAT/LON and altitude of where the sight is at.<br />
# '''Track:''' Displays the hairs for point and area track, and what the sight is directly pointed at.<br />
# '''Launch Envelopes:''' The top tape is for the heading relative of the aircraft to the track. The right side tape is for the release point.<br />
<br />
=TARPS Pod=<br />
----<br />
Not yet implemented.<br />
<br />
=Air-to-Air Radar=<br />
----<br />
==Detail Data Display==<br />
[[File:f14 ddd.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
Among the 3 digital displays, the Detail Data Display gives the RIO information about contacts from the AWG-9 radar in terms of range and radar mode, with respect to the notch filter.<br />
<br />
===Notch Filter===<br />
The AWG-9 radar in the F-14B Tomcat has a notch filter when using the pulse-doppler radar modes under certain conditions. These conditions include, but are not limited to:<br />
<br />
* ~100 knot difference of the aircraft relative to contact<br />
* Contact flying 90 degrees perpendicular CW/CCW to aircraft<br />
* Masking with ground terrain scan return<br />
<br />
<br />
There is a rough line shown in the radar modes, likewise of the jamming lobe, for when considering the notch filter that the contact will disappear from.<br />
<br />
==Tactical Information Display==<br />
[[File:f14 tid.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The Tactical Information Display (TID) gives the RIO of the F-14B the main information on the AWG-9 radar, including situational awareness, range, altitude, and contact heading.<br />
<br />
===Display Modes===<br />
The TID comes with a total of 8 display modes available, that can be toggled either on or off for purposes of gathering more information or decluttering:<br />
<br />
* '''RID DISABLE:''' ? needs more info. Not yet implemented.<br />
* '''ALT NUM:''' Displays the altitude of contact with a singular digit rounded to the nearest thousand.<br />
* '''SYM ELEM:''' Displays the symbology of contacts corresponding to HAFU.<br />
* '''DATA LINK:''' Displays contacts from the datalink frequency.<br />
* '''JAM STROBE:''' Displays the jamming strobes. Not yet implemented.<br />
* '''NON-ATTK:''' Displays determined (manual IFF or datalink) HAFU of friendly contacts.<br />
* '''VEL VECTOR:''' Displays the velocity vectors of contacts.<br />
* '''LAUNCH ZONE:''' Displays contact approximate missile launch zones.<br />
<br />
==AN/AWG-9 Radar==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat is equipped with the AN/AWG-9 all-weather and pulse-doppler radar. It is a very long-range radar used for the main purpose of intercept.<br />
<br />
===Radar Modes===<br />
The AWG-9 in the F-14B comes with 2 types of radar modes: doppler and pulse-doppler search. Of those two, subsets are able to be observed as 5 in this list:<br />
<br />
* '''PD SRCH:''' Pulse-Doppler Search mode. No bias factor of the radar, but impedes to pulse-doppler methods.<br />
* '''PD STT:''' Pulse-Doppler Single Target Track mode. By default upon acquiring a lock with the AWG-9, the radar will move to this function mode. It is currently suspectable to the notch filter.<br />
* '''RWS:''' Range While Search mode. The radar will prioritize the range of targets but not other factors. Falls under pulse-doppler.<br />
* '''TWS MAN:''' Track While Scan - Manual mode. The radar will prioritize the situational awareness of other targets but not give information on every target. The radar will also prioritize targets by threat importance.<br />
* '''TWS AUTO:''' Track While Scan - Auto mode. The radar will perform the same as TWS Man, but the elevation and azimuth controls will be automated in the process for an optimal scan.<br />
* '''PULSE SRCH:''' Pulse Search mode. No bias factor of the radar and can not be impeded to the notch filter, unlike the pulse-doppler method. The radar will, however, output a return of everything that is scanned and requires tuning.<br />
* '''PULSE STT:''' Pulse Single Target Track mode. Performing similarly to Pulse Search mode, this function mode applies to only a single target and is not suspectable to the notch filter.<br />
<br />
====Pulse-Doppler Search Mode====<br />
[[File:f14 pulsedoppler.png|thumb|350px]]<br />
The pulse-doppler search mode is used mainly as a kind of early warning mode. It is the search mode with the greatest detection range but it can display no range to the RIO, only closure rate. For this reason, the TID can display no track information.<br />
<br />
====Pulse-Doppler STT Mode====<br />
[[File:f14 pdstt.png|thumb|350px]]<br />
The pulse-doppler STT works and looks much like the pulse STT mode. It does, however, have the same advantages and disadvantages compared to pulse STT as the other pulse-doppler modes compared to the pulse modes. This means that while much better at tracking a target close to the ground it is however vulnerable to notching.<br />
<br />
The DDD display for pulse-doppler STT looks like pulse STT display except that the target return and antenna azimuth display are moved to the left side of the screen and a generated synthetic target marker is displayed at the correct azimuth instead. This is so that the targets range can be displayed by the synthetic target, unlike the other pulse-doppler modes which only shows closure rate. The other symbology on the DDD in this mode are the same as in pulse STT.<br />
<br />
====Range While Search Mode====<br />
In range while search, a frequency measuring ranging mode is added (FM ranging) to allow the radar to measure the range of tracked targets in addition to closure rate. This additional processing does, however, mean that the effective range of the radar is somewhat lesser. The display on the DDD is the same as in pulse-doppler search, the TID however also shows tracks in this mode showing the targets as tracks momentarily as they’re scanned and displaying their position and altitude. <br />
<br />
The targets are shown for a maximum of two seconds or until the antenna again scans the same bar at the same azimuth at which time it is removed unless detected again. The maximum number of concurrently shown tracks are 48.<br />
<br />
====TWS Manual Mode====<br />
The track, while scan mode uses the same FM ranging as RWS with the same reduction in range compared to pulse-doppler search and the DDD display, is also the same. The main difference that the computer establishes track files and tracks up to 24 targets concurrently of which 18 can be shown on the TID at any given time.<br />
<br />
As the computer routine calculating these tracks need a set track refresh time of 2 seconds this limits available azimuth scan area and bar settings to either 20° 4 bars or 40° 2 bars. When entering TWS the computer automatically selects the ±20° 4 bar scan disregarding the RIO set scan volumes unless those are set to ±40° 2 bars in which case that is used instead.<br />
<br />
The TWS mode is also the only mode enabling guidance of the AIM-54 at multiple targets (up to six), and as soon as engageable targets are detected the computer starts assigning them a missile priority number according to optimal missile firing sequence.<br />
<br />
====TWS Auto Mode====<br />
Performing similarly to TWS Man mode, what differs between the two is that in TWS auto the computer takes control of used scan volume and scan pattern azimuth and elevation as soon as target tracks are present. The WCS computer automatically tries to optimize the scan volume and direction so that tracking of the prioritized targets is maximized. If not selected before launch the WCS overrides as soon as the first AIM-54 is launched and selects TWS Auto.<br />
<br />
====Pulse Search Mode====<br />
[[File:f14 pulse.png|thumb|350px]]<br />
Pulse search is used to search for and find airborne targets at range. It is possible to use this radar mode as a basic ground mapper as well which can be useful for navigation and navigational fixes and can also be used in a pinch to detect larger surface targets like ships. Keep in mind though that the radar is not built with this as its main function and that a real air-to-ground radar will outperform it handily.<br />
<br />
In this mode, the radar cannot by itself differentiate targets and generate tracks meaning that the WCS will not generate track files and display anything on the TID. This also means that pulse search is not capable of guiding missiles.<br />
<br />
====Pulse STT Mode====<br />
[[File:f14 pstt.png|thumb|350px]]<br />
Pulse STT is used to track a single target, like pulse search mode it is not susceptible to notching but it is to ground clutter. The fact that the STT modes use gates to track the target, in this case, range gates, means that it is less susceptible to ground clutter but a target close enough to the ground that the ground return enters the range gates would be likely to shake the lock.<br />
<br />
As it is only in the pulse-doppler modes that the missile guidance commands can be sent pulse STT is limited to launching AIM-7s in CW mode and AIM-54s in an active launch mode limiting their ranges. At short ranges, ACM ranges, it is possible to use the ASPECT switch to set what aspect of the target to track, this is just to counter different types of countermeasures. As an example, if set to NOSE the radar will be less susceptible to chaff as the radar weights its track towards the targets leading-edge (nose) away from the chaff being launched behind the target.<br />
<br />
A successful track is indicated by the ANT TRK and RDROT indicator lights on the DDD, meaning that the antenna is tracking the target and that the target is within the range gates. If the target is jamming with sufficient strength, negating a range track, the radar will transition to a jam angle track instead, indicated by the JAT indicator light on the DDD illuminating instead of the RDROT. When range tracking is again possible at closer ranges the radar will transition to that instead.<br />
<br />
The DDD in this mode will be similar to the pulse search mode but the antenna will be locked onto the target and not scan. Additionally, the DDD will show the range gates around the target, a closing rate symbol at the right scale and applicable attack symbology if a valid missile is selected.<br />
<br />
===Anti-Jamming Modes===<br />
Not yet implemented.<br />
<br />
===AN/APX-76 IFF Interrogator===<br />
The AN/APX-76 IFF (Identification Friend or Foe) interrogator is integrated into the AN/AWG-9 operation. Then interrogator antenna itself is located on the AN/AWG-9 antenna gimbal platform. An IFF system works by sending out an interrogation pulse and then listening for returns from cooperating transponders. In addition to the unencrypted civilian mode the AN/APX-76 is capable of interrogating in the encrypted military mode 4. This ensures that targets replying to mode 4 interrogations are indeed friendly. The AN/APX-76 can be used both in search radar modes and in STT radar modes. To enable interrogation the IFF switch is depressed on the Detail Data Display Panel which then activates the interrogator for as long as the button is held up to 10 seconds max.<br />
<br />
When enabled IFF received IFF returns are then overlaid on the normal AN/AWG-9 radar returns on the DDD. A friendly target will be indicated with two bars, one above and one below the normal radar return. As the AN/APX-76 is a separate radar, secondary mode, radar apart from the AWG-9 the IFF can sometimes also detect targets not detected by the AWG-9. In this case the IFF return will not have a radar echo inside it. In the search mode this is overlaid over each target replying and in STT over the STT target. Additionally, if the STT target is hooked on the TID the DDD will switch from normal range display to a ±10 NM display to enable display of multiple returns in case of closely grouped targets.<br />
<br />
==HAFU/Datalink==<br />
[[File:HAFU.png|right|80px]]<br />
Hostile, Ambiguous, Friendly or Unknown (HAFU) is a symbology system used by the F/A-18 to represent trackfiles; specifically, to show its status as a friendly or hostile. It is usually what trackfiles are displayed as across the software.<br />
<br />
There are four HAFU symbols:<br />
*'''Triangle:''' Hostile (red when colored)<br />
*'''Thick Staple:''' Ambiguous (yellow when colored)<br />
*'''Half-Circle:''' Friendly (green when colored)<br />
*'''Thin Staple:''' Unknown (yellow when colored)<br />
<br />
<br />
All types except ambiguous can be manually assigned via the [[#SA Format|Situational Awareness]] format. Tracks will also be automatically identified as explained below.<br />
<br />
A hostile HAFU will be assigned whenever:<br />
* A negative IFF response is returned, and<br />
** An NCTR print returns with an aircraft type that is on the hostile coalition; or<br />
** A SURV (surveillance, like an AWACS) source over datalink also marks it hostile; or<br />
** A F/F (fighter-fighter, like another F/A-18) source over datalink also marks it hostile.<br />
<br />
<br />
An ambiguous HAFU will be assigned when the aircraft and a donor have conflicting identifications (friendly and hostile).<br />
<br />
A friendly HAFU will be assigned whenever an IFF interrogation returns as friendly or the track itself is contributed to by the Precise Participant Location and Identification (PPLI) system.<br />
<br />
An unknown HAFU will be assigned by default until it is updated by meeting one of the requirements above.<br />
<br />
=Air-to-Air Weapons=<br />
----<br />
This area will cover over all the different air-to-air weapons brought with the F-14B Tomcat.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Air Gun==<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Air Missiles==<br />
===AIM-54 Phoenix===<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
====AIM-54A Mk.60====<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
====AIM-54C Mk.47====<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
===AIM-7 Sparrow===<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
===AIM-9 Sidewinder===<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
=Air-to-Ground Weapons=<br />
----<br />
The F-14B Tomcat comes with a variety of air-to-ground weapons after the upgrade to the Bombcat.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Ground Gun==<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Ground Bombs==<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
===Mk-20/81/82/83/84 GPB===<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
===GBU-12/14/16 LGB===<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
=Resources=<br />
----<br />
==Manuals & Documents==<br />
* [https://info.publicintelligence.net/F14AAP-1B.pdf F-14B NATOPS Pocket Checklist]<br />
* [http://www.heatblur.se/F-14Manual/ Heatblur F-14 Manual]<br />
<br />
==Heatblur's Videos==<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q1o7E9pb95Y Episode 1: Overview]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OO3IdQjAdDA Episode 2: Pilot's Cockpit Walkaround]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ws1GxPG2ZXw Episode 3: Cold And Dark (Full Startup)]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kgpGO7fj4oU Episode 4: The RIO's Office]<br />
<br />
==Jabbers' Tutorial Videos==<br />
(They're good!)<br />
<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2qwlJs__iYk Pilot - Startup/Taxi/Takeoff with JESTER AI]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b5opjCygZug Pilot - Maneuvering and Flight Characteristics]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f4y2oZ-7rM8 Pilot - Air-to-Air Refueling]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ujk4hL_EnUc Pilot - ACM - Radar Acquisition Modes]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wftck0C3fJ8 Pilot - Weapons - Zuni Rockets with JESTER AI]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4m-Q02gxFEA Pilot - Weapons - AIM-9 Sidewinder]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SWeHtpJ00JI RIO - Startup]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r4-Dd4ss2Rc RIO - AWG-9 Radar]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YG7sWweg2RQ RIO - IFF Interrogation]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2q-bHFyTEr8 Overview - AIM-54C Mk.47 Phoenix - Tacview Debrief]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PyAQpqVhtBY Overview - AIM-54A Mk.60 Phoenix - Tacview Debrief]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4groy-_Bxfk Quick Tips - AIM-54 Phoenix]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Is3AtOX-abw Quick Tips - Bombing]</div>Siriushttps://wiki.hoggitworld.com/index.php?title=F-14A/B&diff=10577F-14A/B2019-09-03T02:48:22Z<p>Sirius: /* Air-to-Ground Weapons */</p>
<hr />
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<br />
''Credits to Jak for having the [[F/A-18C]] page serve as a guide and filler content on related systems.''<br />
<br />
The Grumman '''F-14A/B''' Tomcat is a two-seat, twin-engine supersonic variable wing-sweep fighter aircraft. The F-14 was the first US fighter jet with twin tails and was the largest & heaviest US fighter to ever fly from an aircraft carrier. The reason that the F-14 was so incredibly large and heavy was that it carried the large AWG-9 radar and accompanying AIM-54 Phoenix (air-to-air) missiles: this very capable combination allowed the F-14 to make shots of up to 200 nautical miles at the bad guys. Also, being big means you can carry a lot of fuel!<br />
<br />
Of course, the practical range of the AWG-9 is rather more limited, especially if you are shooting at more maneuverable fighter-sized targets, but even at these closer ranges, the AIM-54 Phoenix is still a capable missile that should not be underestimated. The F-14 is also capable of carrying an array of air-to-ground weapons, such as dumb bombs in both high and low drag forms, air-to-ground Zuni rockets and even laser-guided bombs, which can be self-designated using the LANTIRN targeting pod on the F-14.<br />
<br />
Most people will recognize and adore the F-14 because of its stardom presence in that one weird volleyball movie from the '80s. Its on-screen presence in movies will make the F-14 to appear docile and easy to fly, but due to lack of a fly-by-wire the F-14 can be a real handful: it being a pilot's aircraft however makes it fun to fly and learn. The analogous nature of the F-14 (comparable to the F-5E II Tigershark) will give you a good knowledge of the airplane over time but requires a bit of a different mindset that the computerized flight of the F/A-18C and the F-15.<br />
<br />
__TOC__<br />
<br />
=Weapons List=<br />
----<br />
==Implemented==<br />
Partially or fully implemented weapons of the F14/A/B Tomcat:<br />
* M61 Vulcan Six-Barreled Gatling Gun<br />
* AIM-7M/F Sparrow<br />
* CAP/AIM-9M Sidewinder<br />
* AIM-54A Phoenix Mk. 60<br />
* AIM-54C Phoenix Mk. 47<br />
* Mk-81, 82, 83, and 84 <br />
* GBU-10, 12, 16, and 24 <br />
* MK-20 Rockeye<br />
* Zuni Rockets<br />
* BDU-33 Practice Bombs<br />
* ADM-141 TALD<br />
* LUU-2 Parachute Flare<br />
* Smokewinder<br />
* LANTIRN Pod<br />
* FPU-1 Fuel Tank<br />
<br />
==Planned==<br />
Weapons not yet implemented into the Tomcat:<br />
* TARPS Pod<br />
<br />
=Hands On Throttle And Stick (HOTAS)=<br />
----<br />
==Throttle==<br />
[[File:throttle.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The throttle of the F-14 Tomcat consists of 2 quadrants, both for the left and right engines. There is an afterburner detent along with a cutoff detent for maximum throttle and shutdown of the engine for each quadrant.<br />
<br />
The throttle has the following controls:<br />
# '''Speed Brake Switch:''' 2-position switch. "EXT" is a momentary and needed input position that extends the speed brake outward depending on the aircraft speed.<br />
# '''Wing Sweep Switch:''' 4-way hat switch. "AUTO" sets the wing to sweep automatically determined by an onboard computer, "BOMB" sets the wing to sweep in an angled position between fully extended and retracted and dependent on speed for the air-to-ground bombing.<br />
# '''PLM Button:''' multifunction button. When the steering command is in A2A mode, this acts as a pilot lock-on tool for the AWG-9 radar. But when used for landing and/or in the LDG steering command mode, this allows for disengagement of the ACLS.<br />
# '''CAGE/SEAM Button:''' multifunction button. When the steering command is in A2A mode, this allows for CAGE/SEAM lock-on of the AIM-9 Sidewinder. But when used for landing and/or in the LDG steering command mode, this allows for disengagement of the APC.<br />
# '''Exterior Light Switch:''' 2-position switch. Used to toggle the exterior lights of the aircraft.<br />
# '''ICS PTT Switch:''' 2-position switch. Acts as a push-to-talk system for the ICS system inside of the aircraft used between the Pilot and RIO. (or JESTER AI)<br />
<br />
==Control Stick==<br />
[[File:stick.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The control stick is located in the center of the cockpit, mounted onto the floor. Left and right movements of the control stick direct hydraulic movement to the spoilers and horizontal stabilizers of the aircraft. Forward and backward movement result to respectively the same but to the horizontal stabilizers.<br />
<br />
The control stick has the following controls:<br />
# '''Bomb Release Button:''' single-purpose button. When pressed in A2G steering command mode, all pylons selected with bombs will release respective of the ripple settings, type, and interval.<br />
# '''Trim Hat:''' 4-way hat switch. Upward movement moves the aircraft downward, and downward movement moves the aircraft upward. Both left and right movements follow to their directions according to their name.<br />
# '''Weapon Select Hat:''' 4-way hat switch. Bottom selection is OFF, and a ridge requires a momentary push action to move in/out of to GUN. Following all to the top are SW, then SP/PH which requires a momentary push action to switch between.<br />
# '''DLC & Maneuver Flap Command Wheel:''' scrollable dial. Moving it with the landing gears fully deployed acts as a variable control for spoiler extension. With the landing gears up, the dial also acts the same but for flaps and slats.<br />
# '''DLC Engage/Disengage & CMS Dispense Button:''' multifunction button. When pressed with the landing gears fully deployed, this controls the engagement and disengagement of the DLC system. But with the landing gears fully retracted, this allows for pilot control of the CMS system.<br />
# '''Autopilot Reference & NWS Button:''' multifunction button. When the aircraft is up in the air, this controls specific autopilot settings. But when the aircraft is on the ground, this controls the activation of the nosewheel steering system.<br />
# '''Autopilot Emergency Disengage Paddle:''' multifunction button. Disengages all autopilot modes and DLC and releases all autopilot switches and roll and pitch SAS switches to OFF position.<br />
# '''Weapon Firing Trigger:''' two-stage trigger switch. The first detent enables CTVS and gun camera. Second detent releases selected forwards firing the weapon.<br />
<br />
=Flight Controls & Landing Gear=<br />
----<br />
==Flight Controls==<br />
[[File:Wheels-flaps.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The F-14B has a large hydraulic system which covers for all of the control surfaces of the aircraft. Without the hydraulic system, or taking damage the controls are in risk of improperly working. The F-14 Tomcat was the last of its generation to have no integration of an FBW or FCS system, which was introduced with the F-15 Eagle.<br />
<br />
The F-14's primary flight controls are:<br />
* '''Left Spoilers (LES):''' A set of spoilers that lie within the left wing of the aircraft that help with aileron movement and control that react opposite of the intended direction.<br />
* '''Right Spoilers (RES):''' A set of spoilers that lie within the right wing of the aircraft that help with aileron movement and control that react opposite of the intended direction.<br />
* '''Tailerons (TAIL):''' Two horizontal stabilizers located on the rear end of the aircraft that control both pitch and aileron movement.<br />
* '''Leading Edge Flaps (LEF):''' Normal slats located on the leading (front) edge of the wings to add lift.<br />
* '''Trailing Edge Flaps (TEF):''' Normal flaps located on the trailing (back) edge of the wings to add lift.<br />
<br />
<br />
The control stick controls the stabilators, ailerons, and rudder and the rudder pedals control the rudder.<br />
<br />
===Flaps System===<br />
The aircraft's flap system provides more lift (and as a byproduct, drag). The flaps lever has two positions:<br />
* '''NONE:''' This applies no flap whatsoever to the wings of the aircraft.<br />
* '''FULL:''' This applies full movement of flaps to the wings of the aircraft.<br />
<br />
<br />
The flaps lever allows for variable movement, which gives the pilot the ability to control the amount of flap they wish for.<br />
<br />
===Speed Brake===<br />
The speed brake is a flap located on the end of the aircraft designed to provide drag to decelerate faster. It is activated via the speed brake switch on the throttle. The two positions are:<br />
* '''EXT:''' When the switch is moved aft, this extends the speed brake of the aircraft out depending on the airspeed.<br />
* '''RET:''' When the switch is moved forward, this retracts the speed brake.<br />
<br />
===Trim===<br />
The tailerons are capable of being trimmed to make roll and pitch corrections. This is accomplished with the trim hat on the controls stick. When the autopilot system is engaged, the onboard computer will attempt to make active trim movements in order to keep the aircraft within the specified attitude when set, along of the setting parameters. As speed is either gained or lost, the trim will actively move the stick as well along of the tailerons to adapt.<br />
<br />
===Wing Sweep===<br />
The wings of the aircraft are a variable-sweep design allowing for automatic or manual movements from pilot input on the right throttle quadrant. Similar to wing fold, the wings are able to be overswept from its maximum position through a master reset of the system in order to allow tighter space and closer parking on the carrier deck.<br />
<br />
==Landing Gear==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat has 3 retractable landing gears: the nose gear, the left gear, and the right gear. The gear is moved via the gear lever on the left side of the cockpit. In the up position, the gear will retract. In the down position, the gear will extend. The gear lever cannot be put up with weight on wheels. The gear will not retract with the launch bar extended.<br />
<br />
===Nosewheel Steering===<br />
The nose gear features nosewheel steering (NWS) controlled by the rudder pedals. With the weight off of the wheels, it is disengaged. It automatically engages upon there being the weight on wheels. NWS is disengaged manually via the button on the stick.<br />
<br />
===Launch Bar===<br />
On the front nosegear is a launch bar that attaches the airplane to a catapult from launches from an aircraft carrier. Its deployment is pilot-controlled, but it is connected to the catapult by the ground crew (DCS default binding is U).<br />
<br />
It is controlled via the launch bar switch on the left upper console. When the switch in the RETRACT position, the launch bar will retract, but physically cannot do so when connected to the catapult. The switch will move to the RETRACT position automatically when there is a weight off wheels. In the EXTEND position, the launch bar will extend if there is the weight on wheels.<br />
<br />
=Autopilot and Autothrottle=<br />
----<br />
The F-14 Tomcat has the ability to automate certain types of flight via its Automatic Flight Control System (AFCS) and Automatic Throttle Control (ATC). The AFCS, or simply the autopilot, control the flight surfaces and the ATC controls the throttles.<br />
<br />
==AFCS==<br />
[[File:afcs.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The Automatic Flight Control System (AFCS), or just the "autopilot", controls the aircraft's flight controls to automate maneuvering. It is interfaced on the autopilot panel via the A/P engage switch. On the autopilot panel, there are 7 modes able to be toggled:<br />
# '''Pitch Stabilizer Augmentation:''' 2-position switch. This switch controls the ability for the pitch to be augmented for dampening.<br />
# '''Roll Stabilizer Augmentation:''' 2-position switch. This switch controls the ability for the roll to be augmented for dampening.<br />
# '''Yaw Stabilizer Augmentation:''' 2-position switch. This switch controls the ability for the yaw to be augmented for dampening.<br />
# '''VEC/PCD/ACL Switch:''' 3-position switch. This switch controls the remote control modes of autopilot with the steering bars and ACLS.<br />
# '''ALT Switch:''' 2-position switch.' This switch controls the ability to maintain the current altitude when autopilot is engaged.<br />
# '''HDG/GT Switch:''' 3-position switch. This switch controls the ability to maintain the current heading when autopilot is engaged.<br />
# '''ENGAGE Switch:''' 2-position switch. This switch engages and disengages the autopilot.<br />
<br />
==ATC==<br />
The automatic throttle control (ATC), or just "autothrottle", controls the physical throttles and thereby automated thrust control. ATC is toggled via ATC engage/disengage switch next to the throttle. When the ATC is engaged, the physical means of the throttle quadrants will begin to move on their own. However, whenever the pilot makes any new movement to the throttle whatsoever, the ATC will disengage to allow pilot control over both of the engines. The ATC is primarily used for landing on a carrier along of the ACLS system.<br />
<br />
=Digital Systems Overview=<br />
----<br />
[[File:displays.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
==Pilot==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat comes with 2 digital display screens in the Pilot cockpit:<br />
* '''Vertical Display Indicator (VDI):''' a multifunction display that allows for the pilot to see their HUD in a form of a repeater, and the [[#Television Camera Set|TCS]].<br />
* '''Horizontal Situation Display Indicator (HSD):''' a multifunction display that allows for the pilot to see their virtual compass for navigation modes, and the [[#AWG-9 Pulse-Doppler Radar|AWG-9 Radar]] from the RIO TID as a repeater.<br />
<br />
===Heads Up Display===<br />
The head-up display (HUD) is a projected display at the front of the cockpit that serves as the primary flight instrument. It also provides various indications for weapon delivery; this section will cover the HUD's indications in NAV master mode. Master mode/weapon-specific indications on the HUD will be covered in the relevant section.<br />
<br />
====Reject Modes====<br />
Via the switches next to the TO button on the displays panel, you are able to "declutter" or remove information off of the HUD.<br />
<br />
==Radar Intercept Officer==<br />
The Radar Intercept Officer (RIO) comes with 3 digital display screens in the RIO cockpit:<br />
* '''Detail Data Display (DDD):''' a dual-purpose display that allows for the RIO to see contacts on the [[#AWG-9 Pulse-Doppler Radar|radar]], based on the range and radar mode.<br />
* '''Tactical Information Display (TID):''' a multi-purpose display that allows for the RIO to see their [[#AWG-9 Pulse-Doppler Radar|AWG-9]] situational awareness, [[#Television Camera Set|TCS]], [[#TARPS Pod|TARPS]] and [[#LANTIRN Targeting Pod|LANTIRN]] pods.<br />
* '''Horizontal Situation Display Indicator (HSD):''' a multi-purpose display as to the one in the pilot cockpit.<br />
<br />
==Master Modes==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat has 5 primarily modes for information displayed. The 5 master modes are:<br />
* '''TO:''' switch. Displays takeoff information on HUD and VDI for degrees.<br />
* '''CRUISE:''' single-purpose button. Displays in-air flight information on HUD and VDI for degrees.<br />
* '''A/A:''' single-purpose button. Displays air-to-air information on HUD and VDI for degrees; and weapon employment.<br />
* '''A/G:''' single-purpose button. Displays air-to-ground information on HUD and VDI for degrees; and weapon employment.<br />
* '''LDG:''' single-purpose button. Displays landing information on HUD and VDI for degrees.<br />
<br />
<br />
Additionally, the F-14 Tomcat has an Air Combat Maneuver (ACM) panel which controls all air-to-air and air-to-ground aspects for armament.<br />
<br />
=Navigation=<br />
----<br />
The F-14 Tomcat has an inertial navigation system (INS) that allows the pilot to navigate by internal gyros aligned. However, due to the fault of having no GPS assistance, these gyros slowly drift over time and cause misalignment for visual information.<br />
<br />
==HSD==<br />
[[File:Hsd.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The Horizontal Situation Display Indicator (HSD) is the primary interface with the airplane's navigation systems. The HSI can be accessed from the bottom display screen. The basic function of the HSI is a rotating compass with a looking-from-above perspective. The controls for this screen are:<br />
# '''BRT Control:''' dial. Controls the brightness of the HSD screen.<br />
# '''HDG Control:''' dial. Controls the heading reference in TACAN mode.<br />
# '''CRS Control:''' dial. Controls the course heading reference in MAN and TACAN modes.<br />
# '''Test Button:''' single-purpose button. Resets the HSD screen if overload protection activates.<br />
# '''BIT Indicator:''' light. Shows a white light if a failure produces in the HSD.<br />
<br />
=== Steering Commands ===<br />
The HSD comes with a set of 5 different steering commands, which each have their own purpose towards displaying certain information:<br />
* '''TACAN:''' single-purpose button. Displays information based off of a radio beacon with range and direction.<br />
* '''DEST:''' single-purpose button. Displays information off of a selected waypoint from the RIO with range and direction.<br />
* '''AWL/PCD:''' single-purpose button. Displays information off of an ICLS frequency with azimuth and elevation bars (on VDI and HUD)<br />
* '''VEC:''' single-purpose button. ? (needs more info.)<br />
* '''MAN:''' single-purpose button. Displays information off of an entered heading (HDG Control) with direction.<br />
<br />
==Waypoints==<br />
The F-14B comes with an onboard flight computer system that handles waypoint navigation during in-air flight. The navigation system in the F-14B Tomcat gives a variety of waypoint holders, along with information for a set home plate.<br />
<br />
===Pilot===<br />
For the F-14B pilot, the waypoint information is able to be accessed by the DEST steering command and by using the NAV HSD display mode.<br />
<br />
===Radar Intercept Officer===<br />
For the F-14B Radar Intercept Officer, (RIO) the waypoints must be manually assigned by the RIO through the Computer Address Panel (CAP) system under the TAC DATA category. Once done, the waypoint must be selected through the CAP and entered in with coordinates similar to how INS alignment procedures are done.<br />
<br />
==TACAN==<br />
Tactical Air Navigation (TACAN) is a military radio navigation system. A TACAN beacon allows for an aircraft to determine its bearing and range from it, and using this information can navigate. TACAN's may be ground-based or be broadcasted by an airplane. TACAN channels have two bands, X and Y, and range from 1-126. 2 TACAN channels may be set present in the aircraft by both the Pilot and RIO for simultaneous use.<br />
<br />
The TACAN setting knobs give a range of these options:<br />
*'''T/R:''' Transmit and receive. Gets bearing and range from the TACAN.<br />
*'''RCV:''' Receive. Gets bearing from the TACAN.<br />
*'''A/A:''' Air-to-air TACAN mode.<br />
*'''X:''' Tunes the selected frequency on the X band.<br />
*'''Y:''' Tunes the selected frequency on the Y band.<br />
<br />
==ICLS==<br />
For night and low visibility operations, aircraft carriers have an Instrument Carrier Landing System (ICLS) to allow for instrument approaches to the carrier. ICLS provides horizontal and vertical guidance. The F-14 is equipped with ICLS.<br />
<br />
To activate the airplane's ICLS antenna, an ICLS dial is present to the right of the warning lights advisory panel, with an ARA on/off switch, used to toggle power to the system.<br />
<br />
When ILS is selected on the HSI, two bars, one horizontal and one vertical, appear near the velocity vector on the HUD. These indicate a vertical and horizontal deviation from the optimal glideslope (3°) and course to the deck. When they are both aligned with the velocity vector (making a "+"), the aircraft is on course.<br />
<br />
==ACLS==<br />
For CAT III conditions and poor visibility, the F-14 is equipped with the Automatic Carrier Landing System (ACLS) to allow an automatic flight to the carrier via. a radio-guided input from a Landing Signal Officer. (LSO) The auto-throttle and autopilot systems must be engaged and present during the time of activation with this system, along with lights given to the left of the VDI display.<br />
<br />
Datalink is required between the aircraft and the carrier in order for ACLS to work. When the best position of the azimuth and glideslope bars are within parameters, the nosewheel steering button is pressed in order to engage guidance.<br />
<br />
==Navigation Failures==<br />
The F-14B has a variety of navigation failures that may/can occur, including methods to fix them.<br />
<br />
===Navigation Fix Update===<br />
An error of latitude or longitude in the computer position of the aircraft can be corrected by a navigation fix update. Updating is especially important in the backup modes (AHRS AM and IMU/ AM) because of the estimated winds and magnetic variation changes. A nav fix is done via a ground-reference-point (latitude and longitude) position. The range and bearing of this position to the present aircraft position are used to update or correct existing values. The nav system may be updated by either a radar fix, a TACAN fix, or a visual fix.<br />
<br />
Before performing a nav fix, the latitude and longitude of the desired update point (radar, TACAN, or visual) must be stored in one of eight navigation point locations (three WPs, FIX PT, HOME BASE, HOST AREA, DEF PT, and IP). This data can be stored prior to flight by data link or by manual insertion. Then follow these steps:<br />
<br />
# Hook the Waypoint you choose to select for the nav fix.<br />
# Check the stored latitude and longitude on the TID.<br />
# Rotate the CATEGORY switch to NAV and select the desired type of update.<br />
<br />
<br />
Note that updating the position while in INS, and to a lesser degree while in IMU, can introduce a greater navigational position error than already present, in particular, if radar fix is used to update the nav system. Updates with a visual or TACAN fix provide reasonable accuracy (assuming a good MAG VAR during TACAN updates). Updating your nav system via a nav fix should be primarily used in the AHRS mode.<br />
<br />
===Radar Fix Update===<br />
An RDR FIX may be selected before or after positioning the DDD cursors. If the RDR FIX button is depressed, the computer computes the present position of the aircraft by measuring the range and bearing from the selected point. The delta between the computer position and the position determined by the INS is then displayed on the TID. If the entry of this delta into the navigation computations is desired, press the FIX ENABLE button. If the delta does not appear to be correct, the computer and the readout can be cleared by pressing the RDR FIX button. The fix may then be attempted again. The RIO should also perform periodic checks of own aircraft system altitude and update the altitude if necessary.<br />
<br />
Radar updating is performed as follows:<br />
<br />
# TID CURSOR/CAP - Hook Desired Navigation Point for Update.<br />
# PULSE SRCH button - Depress.<br />
# On sensor control panel: STAB switch - IN. EL BARS switch - 1. AZ SCAN switch - As Desired.<br />
# RDR FIX button - Depress.<br />
# DDD CURSOR button - Depress.<br />
# Action switch - Half Action (first detent).<br />
# Cursor is displayed on DDD.<br />
# Manipulate hand control DDD cursor over desired ground map point.<br />
# Action switch - Full Action and Release. (This will cause the DDD cursor to remain at the selected position.<br />
# Observe the delta for LAT and LONG on TID.<br />
# If readouts are unsatisfactory, deselect RDR FIX and repeat steps 4 through 12.<br />
# FIX ENABLE button - Depress.<br />
<br />
===TACAN Update===<br />
To perform a nav fix by TACAN requires that a restored waypoint shares identical LAT and LONG values with the TACAN station that will be used for the fix. Select the TACAN channel for the desired station and verify by listening to the coded identifier tone in the headset.<br />
<br />
Press the TACAN FIX button to update the aircraft position from a TACAN station. The WCS computer then calculates the own aircraft position error based on the range and bearing from the TACAN station. The delta is then entered in the same manner as with a radar fix.<br />
<br />
Perform a TACAN fix following these steps:<br />
<br />
# Select a TACAN channel whose latitude and longitude correspond to an update point.<br />
# Hook desired update point (WAYPT 1, FIX PT, HOME BASE, etc.).<br />
# CATEGORY switch - NAV.<br />
# TACAN FIX button - Depress.<br />
# Observe present position delta readout.<br />
# If delta is unsatisfactory, deselect TACAN FIX and repeat steps 2 through 7.<br />
# FIX ENABLE button - Depress.<br />
<br />
===Visual Update===<br />
To perform a visual fix, fly over a restored waypoint and press the VIS FIX button. Estimate your timing, because the aircraft nose and fuselage can obscure the fixed point during an overflight. It is also difficult to estimate when directly overhead a waypoint if the aircraft altitude is greater than 10.000 feet. The delta for the visual fix is displayed on the TID. Enter the delta by pressing FIX ENABLE.<br />
<br />
To perform a visual fix use the following steps:<br />
<br />
# Hook desired update point (WAY PT, HB, IP, etc.).<br />
# Select NAV category on CAP.<br />
# Overfly the selected restored point and when over the point, depress the VIS FIX button on the cap.<br />
# If the delta is not satisfactory, press VIS FIX again to clear the delta and repeat from step 1.<br />
# If a satisfactory delta is displayed, depress the FIX ENABLE button; this causes the delta correction of own-aircraft position to be inserted into the computer.<br />
<br />
===Datalink Update===<br />
To perform a data link update of the aircraft INS to the TDS frame of reference, the aircraft and TDS must share a prebriefed waypoint, identical in latitude and longitude. Enter this LAT/LONG data into the HOST AREA pseudo target file. The TDS will uplink the common reference point as a data link waypoint. When the aircraft and TDS INS systems agree, the data link waypoint and host area symbols will be superimposed on the TID. If they drift apart, the two pseudo targets on the TID will drift as well.<br />
<br />
To perform an update via data link, use the following steps:<br />
<br />
# Hook data link waypoint corresponding prebriefed reference point.<br />
# Select NAV category on CAP.<br />
# Overfly the hooked data link waypoint. When immediately over the point, press VIS FIX button on CAP.<br />
# Observe delta LAT and LONG on TID.<br />
# If deltas are satisfactory and update is desired, depress FIX ENABLE.<br />
# After a data link update, HOST AREA and data link waypoint should be superimposed on the TID again.<br />
<br />
===Fighter-to-Fighter Navigation Update===<br />
Net aircraft that use fighter-to-fighter data link can update their navigation system in the FF/DL mode. To update LAT/LONG hook the net aircraft symbol of an aircraft that is in close proximity and select F/F NAV UPDATE on the CAP. This will enter the hooked aircraft’s coordinates into the INS as own-aircraft coordinates. To update the nav system on an aircraft that is not close, first obtain a radar STT on that aircraft, hook the STT-ed aircraft on the TID and then press F/F NAV UPDATE on the CAP.<br />
<br />
=Defensive Systems=<br />
----<br />
The F-14B is equipped with various defensive systems: the AN/ALE-39 Countermeasure Dispensing System (CMDS), for the release of chaff and flares, the AN/ALQ-126 Deception ECM (DECM), for jamming enemy radar, and the AN/ALR-67 Radar Warning Reciever (RWR), for detection of enemy radar emitters and missile launches.<br />
<br />
==AN/ALR-67 RWR==<br />
[[File:alr-67.png|thumb|400px]]<br />
The AN/ALR-67 Radar Warning Receiver (RWR) provides the Hornet the ability to detect radars via the radio/microwave radiation they emit.<br />
<br />
===Audio Tones===<br />
Accompanying the RWR are various audio feedback tones:<br />
*'''Single Beep:''' A new ground- or sea-based emitter has been detected.<br />
*'''Double Beep:''' A new airborne emitter has been detected.<br />
*'''Repeating Beep:''' An emitter is tracking.<br />
*'''Faster Repeating Beep:''' An emitter is guiding a missile or is a missile.<br />
<br />
<br />
On the RWR gauge, the RWR knob will control the volume of the RWR tones.<br />
<br />
===Emitter Identifiers===<br />
''This list is, at present, not complete.''<br />
{|class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"<br />
!Type<br />
!RWR ID<br />
|-<br />
|U<br />
|Unknown<br />
|-<br />
|M<br />
|Active radar-homing missile<br />
|-<br />
|S<br />
|Search radar<br />
|-<br />
|3<br />
|SA-3 "Goa"<br />
|-<br />
|6<br />
|SA-6 "Gainful"<br />
|-<br />
|8<br />
|SA-8 "Gecko"<br />
|-<br />
|10<br />
|SA-10 "Grumble"<br />
|-<br />
|11<br />
|SA-11 "Gadfly"<br />
|-<br />
|11<br />
|F-111 Aardvark<br />
|-<br />
|12<br />
|SA-12 "Gladiator"<br />
|-<br />
|13<br />
|SA-13 "Gopher"<br />
|-<br />
|13<br />
|C-130 Hercules<br />
|-<br />
|14<br />
|F-14 Tomcat<br />
|-<br />
|15<br />
|F-15 Eagle<br />
|-<br />
|15 <br />
|SA-15 "Gauntlet"<br />
|-<br />
|16<br />
|F-16 Fighting Falcon<br />
|-<br />
|17<br />
|C-17 Globemaster III<br />
|-<br />
|18<br />
|F/A-18 Hornet<br />
|-<br />
|22<br />
|Tu-22 "Blinder"<br />
|-<br />
|23<br />
|MiG-23 "Flogger"<br />
|-<br />
|24<br />
|Su-24 "Fencer"<br />
|-<br />
|25<br />
|MiG-25 "Foxbat"<br />
|-<br />
|29<br />
|MiG-29 "Fulcrum"<br />
|-<br />
|29<br />
|Su-27 "Flanker"<br />
|-<br />
|29<br />
|Su-33 "Flanker-D"<br />
|-<br />
|30<br />
|Su-30 "Flanker-C"<br />
|-<br />
|31<br />
|MiG-31 "Foxhound"<br />
|-<br />
|34<br />
|Su-34 "Fullback"<br />
|-<br />
|39<br />
|Su-25M "Frogfoot"<br />
|-<br />
|40<br />
|''Spruance''-class destroyer<br />
|-<br />
|48<br />
|''Nimitz''-class carrier<br />
|-<br />
|49<br />
|''Oliver Hazard Perry''-class frigate<br />
|-<br />
|50<br />
|A-50 "Mainstay"<br />
|-<br />
|52<br />
|B-52 Stratofortress<br />
|-<br />
|76<br />
|IL-76 "Candid"<br />
|-<br />
|78<br />
|IL-78 "Midas"<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==AN/ALE-39 CMDS==<br />
[[File:f14 cms.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The AN/ALE-39 is the countermeasures dispensing set installed in the F-14B in this simulation. It controls its own set of launchers located between the engine nozzles on the underside of the so-called beaver-tail. The launchers each have two sections, one containing 10 cartridges and the other 20. They are referred to the left and right dispensers even though the left is really the front one and the right the back one with both being mounted inline on the left side of the tailhook. This is a remnant from the earliest model F-14s carrying the AN/ALE-29.<br />
<br />
This all sums up to a capacity of 60 cartridges in the system with each section necessarily holding one type of cartridges meaning that any combination of cartridges is possible as long as each type’s quantity is a multiple of 10. The system itself has no real knowledge of what is loaded where so incorrectly programming the system can lead to the wrong type of cartridge being ejected.<br />
<br />
===Cockpit Controls===<br />
The system itself can be operated manually from the control panel in the RIO pit or the DLC thumbwheel on the pilot stick when the flaps lever is in the up position. It is also capable of running programmed sequences of ejection which in turn can be initiated manually by the RIO from the control panel or the direction hats mounted on the handhold over the DDD. In addition, the AN/ALR-67 can also initiate the chaff ejection program if set up correctly on the AN/ALE-39 control panel.<br />
<br />
==AN/ALQ-126 DECM==<br />
The AN/ALQ-126 deception jammer is designed to detect radar threats, analyze them, select the optimum countermeasure technique available and apply it. Available techniques for jamming are amongst others, main lobe blanking, inverse con-scan, range-gate pull-off and swept square modes. In DCS this is modeled as a simple noise jammer due to engine limitations but controlled by the DECM logic as to when it’s on or off.<br />
<br />
===Cockpit Controls===<br />
The controls for the AN/ALQ-126 DECM are all located on the right horizontal panel in the RIO pit, the panel as the image above. In addition, there are two indication lights co-located with the RWR threat indicators on the right side of the TID. The mode selector knob controls power and operational mode that the system is in. The modes for the DECM are as follows:<br />
<br />
* '''OFF:''' turns off power to the system. STBY begins pre-warming of the system, taking in all-around 5 minutes.<br />
* '''TEST HOLD 3 SEC:''' is used to prepare the system for BIT, after 3 seconds in this mode, turn the knob to TEST - ACT.<br />
* '''TEST ACT:''' starts the BIT in the system. The BIT takes approximately 30 seconds and the RCV light will be illuminated the whole time while the XMIT light will flash twice. If the STANDBY light illuminates it indicates that a no-go condition exists in the system.<br />
* '''REC:''' enables the system to receive the only mode, enabling analyzation of threats and also the threat audio.<br />
* '''RPT:''' enables full system functionality, in addition to REC it also now tries to jam threats according to the selected method.<br />
<br />
=Television Camera Set=<br />
----<br />
[[File:tcs_symbology.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The F-14B is outfitted with the ALQ-100 Television Camera Set (TCS) pod, used for visually identifying aircraft during the time of which IFF was not a trusted/more inferior method to confirming hostile aircraft and to keep track of their position, as well as their living status.<br />
<br />
==Symbology==<br />
On the TID, in non-TV mode, a TCS track is indicated by a 1.5” strobe at TCS LOS azimuth with a hollow circle at the end.<br />
<br />
The symbology on the video feed from the TCS has indicators for the FOV and two crosshairs indicating TCS LOS relative own aircraft, GACH, and AN/AWG-9 radar LOS relative TCS LOS, RACH. Additionally, the track window is indicated by 4 small squares representing each corner of that window.<br />
<br />
The gimbal angle crosshairs or GACH, which is a solid cross, indicate deflection of the TCS LOS from the aircraft datum line, ADL. GACH crosshair in the center indicates TCS LOS along ADL and deflection towards the edges indicate deflection towards the gimbal limits with the video edges being maximum deflection.<br />
<br />
RACH or radar angle crosshairs, a dashed crosshair, indicate radar antenna LOS when inside the current TCS FOV. When the sensors slave to one another RACH and GACH will coincide creating a single solid crosshair.<br />
<br />
The track window indicates the area that the TCS contrast tracker is currently locked on to if it has acquired a target. When not in an active track these squares collapse into the center of the display being 2% of the screen width when in manual mode and 5% when in an auto mode.<br />
<br />
=LANTIRN Targeting Pod=<br />
----<br />
[[File:flir.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The F-14B can carry the AN/AAQ-14 Low Altitude Navigation and Targeting Infrared For Night (LANTIRN) targeting pod. This pod consists of a Forward-Looking Infrared (FLIR) camera (which also includes a digital charged coupled device camera) for target locating and observing, a Laser Target Designator/Ranger for firing a laser that both designates targets for laser-homing weapons and gathers ranging information for designating whatever the FLIR is pointed at as an air-to-ground, and a Laser Spot Tracker (LST) which can search for and track a laser, allowing for the FLIR to be cued onto an offboard (ground or air-designated) laser from another unit and then designate a Target off said point; this allows for most effective buddy-lasing. The targeting pod can be used in both air-to-ground and air-to-air functions, but the LTD/R and LST are only used for A/G operation.<br />
<br />
==Symbology==<br />
The following areas on the LANTIRN are to represent:<br />
# '''A/C Position Data:''' Displays aircraft LAT/LON, altitude, and groundspeed information.<br />
# '''LANTIRN Polarity:''' Displays white or hot background. AGC is for automatic gain control, MGC is for manual gain control.<br />
# '''LANTIRN Information:''' Gives general information on the pod. SR is for slant range, AZ/EL for azimuth/elevation of sight, and rest is UTC time.<br />
# '''LANTIRN Track Mode:''' Displays the current tracking mode. A/A is for air-to-air, A/G is for air-to-ground. Right side is for current selected weapon.<br />
# '''Track Data:''' Displays information of LAT/LON and altitude of where the sight is at.<br />
# '''Track:''' Displays the hairs for point and area track, and what the sight is directly pointed at.<br />
# '''Launch Envelopes:''' The top tape is for the heading relative of the aircraft to the track. The right side tape is for the release point.<br />
<br />
=TARPS Pod=<br />
----<br />
Not yet implemented.<br />
<br />
=Air-to-Air Radar=<br />
----<br />
==Detail Data Display==<br />
[[File:f14 ddd.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
Among the 3 digital displays, the Detail Data Display gives the RIO information about contacts from the AWG-9 radar in terms of range and radar mode, with respect to the notch filter.<br />
<br />
===Notch Filter===<br />
The AWG-9 radar in the F-14B Tomcat has a notch filter when using the pulse-doppler radar modes under certain conditions. These conditions include, but are not limited to:<br />
<br />
* ~100 knot difference of the aircraft relative to contact<br />
* Contact flying 90 degrees perpendicular CW/CCW to aircraft<br />
* Masking with ground terrain scan return<br />
<br />
<br />
There is a rough line shown in the radar modes, likewise of the jamming lobe, for when considering the notch filter that the contact will disappear from.<br />
<br />
==Tactical Information Display==<br />
[[File:f14 tid.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The Tactical Information Display (TID) gives the RIO of the F-14B the main information on the AWG-9 radar, including situational awareness, range, altitude, and contact heading.<br />
<br />
===Display Modes===<br />
The TID comes with a total of 8 display modes available, that can be toggled either on or off for purposes of gathering more information or decluttering:<br />
<br />
* '''RID DISABLE:''' ? needs more info. Not yet implemented.<br />
* '''ALT NUM:''' Displays the altitude of contact with a singular digit rounded to the nearest thousand.<br />
* '''SYM ELEM:''' Displays the symbology of contacts corresponding to HAFU.<br />
* '''DATA LINK:''' Displays contacts from the datalink frequency.<br />
* '''JAM STROBE:''' Displays the jamming strobes. Not yet implemented.<br />
* '''NON-ATTK:''' Displays determined (manual IFF or datalink) HAFU of friendly contacts.<br />
* '''VEL VECTOR:''' Displays the velocity vectors of contacts.<br />
* '''LAUNCH ZONE:''' Displays contact approximate missile launch zones.<br />
<br />
==AN/AWG-9 Radar==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat is equipped with the AN/AWG-9 all-weather and pulse-doppler radar. It is a very long-range radar used for the main purpose of intercept.<br />
<br />
===Radar Modes===<br />
The AWG-9 in the F-14B comes with 2 types of radar modes: doppler and pulse-doppler search. Of those two, subsets are able to be observed as 5 in this list:<br />
<br />
* '''PD SRCH:''' Pulse-Doppler Search mode. No bias factor of the radar, but impedes to pulse-doppler methods.<br />
* '''PD STT:''' Pulse-Doppler Single Target Track mode. By default upon acquiring a lock with the AWG-9, the radar will move to this function mode. It is currently suspectable to the notch filter.<br />
* '''RWS:''' Range While Search mode. The radar will prioritize the range of targets but not other factors. Falls under pulse-doppler.<br />
* '''TWS MAN:''' Track While Scan - Manual mode. The radar will prioritize the situational awareness of other targets but not give information on every target. The radar will also prioritize targets by threat importance.<br />
* '''TWS AUTO:''' Track While Scan - Auto mode. The radar will perform the same as TWS Man, but the elevation and azimuth controls will be automated in the process for an optimal scan.<br />
* '''PULSE SRCH:''' Pulse Search mode. No bias factor of the radar and can not be impeded to the notch filter, unlike the pulse-doppler method. The radar will, however, output a return of everything that is scanned and requires tuning.<br />
* '''PULSE STT:''' Pulse Single Target Track mode. Performing similarly to Pulse Search mode, this function mode applies to only a single target and is not suspectable to the notch filter.<br />
<br />
====Pulse-Doppler Search Mode====<br />
[[File:f14 pulsedoppler.png|thumb|350px]]<br />
The pulse-doppler search mode is used mainly as a kind of early warning mode. It is the search mode with the greatest detection range but it can display no range to the RIO, only closure rate. For this reason, the TID can display no track information.<br />
<br />
====Pulse-Doppler STT Mode====<br />
[[File:f14 pdstt.png|thumb|350px]]<br />
The pulse-doppler STT works and looks much like the pulse STT mode. It does, however, have the same advantages and disadvantages compared to pulse STT as the other pulse-doppler modes compared to the pulse modes. This means that while much better at tracking a target close to the ground it is however vulnerable to notching.<br />
<br />
The DDD display for pulse-doppler STT looks like pulse STT display except that the target return and antenna azimuth display are moved to the left side of the screen and a generated synthetic target marker is displayed at the correct azimuth instead. This is so that the targets range can be displayed by the synthetic target, unlike the other pulse-doppler modes which only shows closure rate. The other symbology on the DDD in this mode are the same as in pulse STT.<br />
<br />
====Range While Search Mode====<br />
In range while search, a frequency measuring ranging mode is added (FM ranging) to allow the radar to measure the range of tracked targets in addition to closure rate. This additional processing does, however, mean that the effective range of the radar is somewhat lesser. The display on the DDD is the same as in pulse-doppler search, the TID however also shows tracks in this mode showing the targets as tracks momentarily as they’re scanned and displaying their position and altitude. <br />
<br />
The targets are shown for a maximum of two seconds or until the antenna again scans the same bar at the same azimuth at which time it is removed unless detected again. The maximum number of concurrently shown tracks are 48.<br />
<br />
====TWS Manual Mode====<br />
The track, while scan mode uses the same FM ranging as RWS with the same reduction in range compared to pulse-doppler search and the DDD display, is also the same. The main difference that the computer establishes track files and tracks up to 24 targets concurrently of which 18 can be shown on the TID at any given time.<br />
<br />
As the computer routine calculating these tracks need a set track refresh time of 2 seconds this limits available azimuth scan area and bar settings to either 20° 4 bars or 40° 2 bars. When entering TWS the computer automatically selects the ±20° 4 bar scan disregarding the RIO set scan volumes unless those are set to ±40° 2 bars in which case that is used instead.<br />
<br />
The TWS mode is also the only mode enabling guidance of the AIM-54 at multiple targets (up to six), and as soon as engageable targets are detected the computer starts assigning them a missile priority number according to optimal missile firing sequence.<br />
<br />
====TWS Auto Mode====<br />
Performing similarly to TWS Man mode, what differs between the two is that in TWS auto the computer takes control of used scan volume and scan pattern azimuth and elevation as soon as target tracks are present. The WCS computer automatically tries to optimize the scan volume and direction so that tracking of the prioritized targets is maximized. If not selected before launch the WCS overrides as soon as the first AIM-54 is launched and selects TWS Auto.<br />
<br />
====Pulse Search Mode====<br />
[[File:f14 pulse.png|thumb|350px]]<br />
Pulse search is used to search for and find airborne targets at range. It is possible to use this radar mode as a basic ground mapper as well which can be useful for navigation and navigational fixes and can also be used in a pinch to detect larger surface targets like ships. Keep in mind though that the radar is not built with this as its main function and that a real air-to-ground radar will outperform it handily.<br />
<br />
In this mode, the radar cannot by itself differentiate targets and generate tracks meaning that the WCS will not generate track files and display anything on the TID. This also means that pulse search is not capable of guiding missiles.<br />
<br />
====Pulse STT Mode====<br />
[[File:f14 pstt.png|thumb|350px]]<br />
Pulse STT is used to track a single target, like pulse search mode it is not susceptible to notching but it is to ground clutter. The fact that the STT modes use gates to track the target, in this case, range gates, means that it is less susceptible to ground clutter but a target close enough to the ground that the ground return enters the range gates would be likely to shake the lock.<br />
<br />
As it is only in the pulse-doppler modes that the missile guidance commands can be sent pulse STT is limited to launching AIM-7s in CW mode and AIM-54s in an active launch mode limiting their ranges. At short ranges, ACM ranges, it is possible to use the ASPECT switch to set what aspect of the target to track, this is just to counter different types of countermeasures. As an example, if set to NOSE the radar will be less susceptible to chaff as the radar weights its track towards the targets leading-edge (nose) away from the chaff being launched behind the target.<br />
<br />
A successful track is indicated by the ANT TRK and RDROT indicator lights on the DDD, meaning that the antenna is tracking the target and that the target is within the range gates. If the target is jamming with sufficient strength, negating a range track, the radar will transition to a jam angle track instead, indicated by the JAT indicator light on the DDD illuminating instead of the RDROT. When range tracking is again possible at closer ranges the radar will transition to that instead.<br />
<br />
The DDD in this mode will be similar to the pulse search mode but the antenna will be locked onto the target and not scan. Additionally, the DDD will show the range gates around the target, a closing rate symbol at the right scale and applicable attack symbology if a valid missile is selected.<br />
<br />
===Anti-Jamming Modes===<br />
Not yet implemented.<br />
<br />
===AN/APX-76 IFF Interrogator===<br />
The AN/APX-76 IFF (Identification Friend or Foe) interrogator is integrated into the AN/AWG-9 operation. Then interrogator antenna itself is located on the AN/AWG-9 antenna gimbal platform. An IFF system works by sending out an interrogation pulse and then listening for returns from cooperating transponders. In addition to the unencrypted civilian mode the AN/APX-76 is capable of interrogating in the encrypted military mode 4. This ensures that targets replying to mode 4 interrogations are indeed friendly. The AN/APX-76 can be used both in search radar modes and in STT radar modes. To enable interrogation the IFF switch is depressed on the Detail Data Display Panel which then activates the interrogator for as long as the button is held up to 10 seconds max.<br />
<br />
When enabled IFF received IFF returns are then overlaid on the normal AN/AWG-9 radar returns on the DDD. A friendly target will be indicated with two bars, one above and one below the normal radar return. As the AN/APX-76 is a separate radar, secondary mode, radar apart from the AWG-9 the IFF can sometimes also detect targets not detected by the AWG-9. In this case the IFF return will not have a radar echo inside it. In the search mode this is overlaid over each target replying and in STT over the STT target. Additionally, if the STT target is hooked on the TID the DDD will switch from normal range display to a ±10 NM display to enable display of multiple returns in case of closely grouped targets.<br />
<br />
==HAFU/Datalink==<br />
[[File:HAFU.png|right|80px]]<br />
Hostile, Ambiguous, Friendly or Unknown (HAFU) is a symbology system used by the F/A-18 to represent trackfiles; specifically, to show its status as a friendly or hostile. It is usually what trackfiles are displayed as across the software.<br />
<br />
There are four HAFU symbols:<br />
*'''Triangle:''' Hostile (red when colored)<br />
*'''Thick Staple:''' Ambiguous (yellow when colored)<br />
*'''Half-Circle:''' Friendly (green when colored)<br />
*'''Thin Staple:''' Unknown (yellow when colored)<br />
<br />
<br />
All types except ambiguous can be manually assigned via the [[#SA Format|Situational Awareness]] format. Tracks will also be automatically identified as explained below.<br />
<br />
A hostile HAFU will be assigned whenever:<br />
* A negative IFF response is returned, and<br />
** An NCTR print returns with an aircraft type that is on the hostile coalition; or<br />
** A SURV (surveillance, like an AWACS) source over datalink also marks it hostile; or<br />
** A F/F (fighter-fighter, like another F/A-18) source over datalink also marks it hostile.<br />
<br />
<br />
An ambiguous HAFU will be assigned when the aircraft and a donor have conflicting identifications (friendly and hostile).<br />
<br />
A friendly HAFU will be assigned whenever an IFF interrogation returns as friendly or the track itself is contributed to by the Precise Participant Location and Identification (PPLI) system.<br />
<br />
An unknown HAFU will be assigned by default until it is updated by meeting one of the requirements above.<br />
<br />
=Air-to-Air Weapons=<br />
----<br />
This area will cover over all the different air-to-air weapons brought with the F-14B Tomcat.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Air Gun==<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Air Missiles==<br />
===AIM-54 Phoenix===<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
====AIM-54A Mk.60====<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
====AIM-54C Mk.47====<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
===AIM-7 Sparrow===<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
===AIM-9 Sidewinder===<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
=Air-to-Ground Weapons=<br />
----<br />
The F-14B Tomcat comes with a variety of air-to-ground weapons after the upgrade to the Bombcat.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Ground Gun==<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Ground Bombs==<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
===Mk-81/82/83/84 GPB===<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
===GBU-12/14/16 LGB===<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
=Resources=<br />
----<br />
==Manuals & Documents==<br />
* [https://info.publicintelligence.net/F14AAP-1B.pdf F-14B NATOPS Pocket Checklist]<br />
* [http://www.heatblur.se/F-14Manual/ Heatblur F-14 Manual]<br />
<br />
==Heatblur's Videos==<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q1o7E9pb95Y Episode 1: Overview]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OO3IdQjAdDA Episode 2: Pilot's Cockpit Walkaround]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ws1GxPG2ZXw Episode 3: Cold And Dark (Full Startup)]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kgpGO7fj4oU Episode 4: The RIO's Office]<br />
<br />
==Jabbers' Tutorial Videos==<br />
(They're good!)<br />
<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2qwlJs__iYk Pilot - Startup/Taxi/Takeoff with JESTER AI]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b5opjCygZug Pilot - Maneuvering and Flight Characteristics]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f4y2oZ-7rM8 Pilot - Air-to-Air Refueling]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ujk4hL_EnUc Pilot - ACM - Radar Acquisition Modes]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wftck0C3fJ8 Pilot - Weapons - Zuni Rockets with JESTER AI]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4m-Q02gxFEA Pilot - Weapons - AIM-9 Sidewinder]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SWeHtpJ00JI RIO - Startup]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r4-Dd4ss2Rc RIO - AWG-9 Radar]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YG7sWweg2RQ RIO - IFF Interrogation]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2q-bHFyTEr8 Overview - AIM-54C Mk.47 Phoenix - Tacview Debrief]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PyAQpqVhtBY Overview - AIM-54A Mk.60 Phoenix - Tacview Debrief]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4groy-_Bxfk Quick Tips - AIM-54 Phoenix]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Is3AtOX-abw Quick Tips - Bombing]</div>Siriushttps://wiki.hoggitworld.com/index.php?title=F-14A/B&diff=10576F-14A/B2019-09-03T02:42:42Z<p>Sirius: </p>
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<br />
''Credits to Jak for having the [[F/A-18C]] page serve as a guide and filler content on related systems.''<br />
<br />
The Grumman '''F-14A/B''' Tomcat is a two-seat, twin-engine supersonic variable wing-sweep fighter aircraft. The F-14 was the first US fighter jet with twin tails and was the largest & heaviest US fighter to ever fly from an aircraft carrier. The reason that the F-14 was so incredibly large and heavy was that it carried the large AWG-9 radar and accompanying AIM-54 Phoenix (air-to-air) missiles: this very capable combination allowed the F-14 to make shots of up to 200 nautical miles at the bad guys. Also, being big means you can carry a lot of fuel!<br />
<br />
Of course, the practical range of the AWG-9 is rather more limited, especially if you are shooting at more maneuverable fighter-sized targets, but even at these closer ranges, the AIM-54 Phoenix is still a capable missile that should not be underestimated. The F-14 is also capable of carrying an array of air-to-ground weapons, such as dumb bombs in both high and low drag forms, air-to-ground Zuni rockets and even laser-guided bombs, which can be self-designated using the LANTIRN targeting pod on the F-14.<br />
<br />
Most people will recognize and adore the F-14 because of its stardom presence in that one weird volleyball movie from the '80s. Its on-screen presence in movies will make the F-14 to appear docile and easy to fly, but due to lack of a fly-by-wire the F-14 can be a real handful: it being a pilot's aircraft however makes it fun to fly and learn. The analogous nature of the F-14 (comparable to the F-5E II Tigershark) will give you a good knowledge of the airplane over time but requires a bit of a different mindset that the computerized flight of the F/A-18C and the F-15.<br />
<br />
__TOC__<br />
<br />
=Weapons List=<br />
----<br />
==Implemented==<br />
Partially or fully implemented weapons of the F14/A/B Tomcat:<br />
* M61 Vulcan Six-Barreled Gatling Gun<br />
* AIM-7M/F Sparrow<br />
* CAP/AIM-9M Sidewinder<br />
* AIM-54A Phoenix Mk. 60<br />
* AIM-54C Phoenix Mk. 47<br />
* Mk-81, 82, 83, and 84 <br />
* GBU-10, 12, 16, and 24 <br />
* MK-20 Rockeye<br />
* Zuni Rockets<br />
* BDU-33 Practice Bombs<br />
* ADM-141 TALD<br />
* LUU-2 Parachute Flare<br />
* Smokewinder<br />
* LANTIRN Pod<br />
* FPU-1 Fuel Tank<br />
<br />
==Planned==<br />
Weapons not yet implemented into the Tomcat:<br />
* TARPS Pod<br />
<br />
=Hands On Throttle And Stick (HOTAS)=<br />
----<br />
==Throttle==<br />
[[File:throttle.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The throttle of the F-14 Tomcat consists of 2 quadrants, both for the left and right engines. There is an afterburner detent along with a cutoff detent for maximum throttle and shutdown of the engine for each quadrant.<br />
<br />
The throttle has the following controls:<br />
# '''Speed Brake Switch:''' 2-position switch. "EXT" is a momentary and needed input position that extends the speed brake outward depending on the aircraft speed.<br />
# '''Wing Sweep Switch:''' 4-way hat switch. "AUTO" sets the wing to sweep automatically determined by an onboard computer, "BOMB" sets the wing to sweep in an angled position between fully extended and retracted and dependent on speed for the air-to-ground bombing.<br />
# '''PLM Button:''' multifunction button. When the steering command is in A2A mode, this acts as a pilot lock-on tool for the AWG-9 radar. But when used for landing and/or in the LDG steering command mode, this allows for disengagement of the ACLS.<br />
# '''CAGE/SEAM Button:''' multifunction button. When the steering command is in A2A mode, this allows for CAGE/SEAM lock-on of the AIM-9 Sidewinder. But when used for landing and/or in the LDG steering command mode, this allows for disengagement of the APC.<br />
# '''Exterior Light Switch:''' 2-position switch. Used to toggle the exterior lights of the aircraft.<br />
# '''ICS PTT Switch:''' 2-position switch. Acts as a push-to-talk system for the ICS system inside of the aircraft used between the Pilot and RIO. (or JESTER AI)<br />
<br />
==Control Stick==<br />
[[File:stick.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The control stick is located in the center of the cockpit, mounted onto the floor. Left and right movements of the control stick direct hydraulic movement to the spoilers and horizontal stabilizers of the aircraft. Forward and backward movement result to respectively the same but to the horizontal stabilizers.<br />
<br />
The control stick has the following controls:<br />
# '''Bomb Release Button:''' single-purpose button. When pressed in A2G steering command mode, all pylons selected with bombs will release respective of the ripple settings, type, and interval.<br />
# '''Trim Hat:''' 4-way hat switch. Upward movement moves the aircraft downward, and downward movement moves the aircraft upward. Both left and right movements follow to their directions according to their name.<br />
# '''Weapon Select Hat:''' 4-way hat switch. Bottom selection is OFF, and a ridge requires a momentary push action to move in/out of to GUN. Following all to the top are SW, then SP/PH which requires a momentary push action to switch between.<br />
# '''DLC & Maneuver Flap Command Wheel:''' scrollable dial. Moving it with the landing gears fully deployed acts as a variable control for spoiler extension. With the landing gears up, the dial also acts the same but for flaps and slats.<br />
# '''DLC Engage/Disengage & CMS Dispense Button:''' multifunction button. When pressed with the landing gears fully deployed, this controls the engagement and disengagement of the DLC system. But with the landing gears fully retracted, this allows for pilot control of the CMS system.<br />
# '''Autopilot Reference & NWS Button:''' multifunction button. When the aircraft is up in the air, this controls specific autopilot settings. But when the aircraft is on the ground, this controls the activation of the nosewheel steering system.<br />
# '''Autopilot Emergency Disengage Paddle:''' multifunction button. Disengages all autopilot modes and DLC and releases all autopilot switches and roll and pitch SAS switches to OFF position.<br />
# '''Weapon Firing Trigger:''' two-stage trigger switch. The first detent enables CTVS and gun camera. Second detent releases selected forwards firing the weapon.<br />
<br />
=Flight Controls & Landing Gear=<br />
----<br />
==Flight Controls==<br />
[[File:Wheels-flaps.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The F-14B has a large hydraulic system which covers for all of the control surfaces of the aircraft. Without the hydraulic system, or taking damage the controls are in risk of improperly working. The F-14 Tomcat was the last of its generation to have no integration of an FBW or FCS system, which was introduced with the F-15 Eagle.<br />
<br />
The F-14's primary flight controls are:<br />
* '''Left Spoilers (LES):''' A set of spoilers that lie within the left wing of the aircraft that help with aileron movement and control that react opposite of the intended direction.<br />
* '''Right Spoilers (RES):''' A set of spoilers that lie within the right wing of the aircraft that help with aileron movement and control that react opposite of the intended direction.<br />
* '''Tailerons (TAIL):''' Two horizontal stabilizers located on the rear end of the aircraft that control both pitch and aileron movement.<br />
* '''Leading Edge Flaps (LEF):''' Normal slats located on the leading (front) edge of the wings to add lift.<br />
* '''Trailing Edge Flaps (TEF):''' Normal flaps located on the trailing (back) edge of the wings to add lift.<br />
<br />
<br />
The control stick controls the stabilators, ailerons, and rudder and the rudder pedals control the rudder.<br />
<br />
===Flaps System===<br />
The aircraft's flap system provides more lift (and as a byproduct, drag). The flaps lever has two positions:<br />
* '''NONE:''' This applies no flap whatsoever to the wings of the aircraft.<br />
* '''FULL:''' This applies full movement of flaps to the wings of the aircraft.<br />
<br />
<br />
The flaps lever allows for variable movement, which gives the pilot the ability to control the amount of flap they wish for.<br />
<br />
===Speed Brake===<br />
The speed brake is a flap located on the end of the aircraft designed to provide drag to decelerate faster. It is activated via the speed brake switch on the throttle. The two positions are:<br />
* '''EXT:''' When the switch is moved aft, this extends the speed brake of the aircraft out depending on the airspeed.<br />
* '''RET:''' When the switch is moved forward, this retracts the speed brake.<br />
<br />
===Trim===<br />
The tailerons are capable of being trimmed to make roll and pitch corrections. This is accomplished with the trim hat on the controls stick. When the autopilot system is engaged, the onboard computer will attempt to make active trim movements in order to keep the aircraft within the specified attitude when set, along of the setting parameters. As speed is either gained or lost, the trim will actively move the stick as well along of the tailerons to adapt.<br />
<br />
===Wing Sweep===<br />
The wings of the aircraft are a variable-sweep design allowing for automatic or manual movements from pilot input on the right throttle quadrant. Similar to wing fold, the wings are able to be overswept from its maximum position through a master reset of the system in order to allow tighter space and closer parking on the carrier deck.<br />
<br />
==Landing Gear==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat has 3 retractable landing gears: the nose gear, the left gear, and the right gear. The gear is moved via the gear lever on the left side of the cockpit. In the up position, the gear will retract. In the down position, the gear will extend. The gear lever cannot be put up with weight on wheels. The gear will not retract with the launch bar extended.<br />
<br />
===Nosewheel Steering===<br />
The nose gear features nosewheel steering (NWS) controlled by the rudder pedals. With the weight off of the wheels, it is disengaged. It automatically engages upon there being the weight on wheels. NWS is disengaged manually via the button on the stick.<br />
<br />
===Launch Bar===<br />
On the front nosegear is a launch bar that attaches the airplane to a catapult from launches from an aircraft carrier. Its deployment is pilot-controlled, but it is connected to the catapult by the ground crew (DCS default binding is U).<br />
<br />
It is controlled via the launch bar switch on the left upper console. When the switch in the RETRACT position, the launch bar will retract, but physically cannot do so when connected to the catapult. The switch will move to the RETRACT position automatically when there is a weight off wheels. In the EXTEND position, the launch bar will extend if there is the weight on wheels.<br />
<br />
=Autopilot and Autothrottle=<br />
----<br />
The F-14 Tomcat has the ability to automate certain types of flight via its Automatic Flight Control System (AFCS) and Automatic Throttle Control (ATC). The AFCS, or simply the autopilot, control the flight surfaces and the ATC controls the throttles.<br />
<br />
==AFCS==<br />
[[File:afcs.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The Automatic Flight Control System (AFCS), or just the "autopilot", controls the aircraft's flight controls to automate maneuvering. It is interfaced on the autopilot panel via the A/P engage switch. On the autopilot panel, there are 7 modes able to be toggled:<br />
# '''Pitch Stabilizer Augmentation:''' 2-position switch. This switch controls the ability for the pitch to be augmented for dampening.<br />
# '''Roll Stabilizer Augmentation:''' 2-position switch. This switch controls the ability for the roll to be augmented for dampening.<br />
# '''Yaw Stabilizer Augmentation:''' 2-position switch. This switch controls the ability for the yaw to be augmented for dampening.<br />
# '''VEC/PCD/ACL Switch:''' 3-position switch. This switch controls the remote control modes of autopilot with the steering bars and ACLS.<br />
# '''ALT Switch:''' 2-position switch.' This switch controls the ability to maintain the current altitude when autopilot is engaged.<br />
# '''HDG/GT Switch:''' 3-position switch. This switch controls the ability to maintain the current heading when autopilot is engaged.<br />
# '''ENGAGE Switch:''' 2-position switch. This switch engages and disengages the autopilot.<br />
<br />
==ATC==<br />
The automatic throttle control (ATC), or just "autothrottle", controls the physical throttles and thereby automated thrust control. ATC is toggled via ATC engage/disengage switch next to the throttle. When the ATC is engaged, the physical means of the throttle quadrants will begin to move on their own. However, whenever the pilot makes any new movement to the throttle whatsoever, the ATC will disengage to allow pilot control over both of the engines. The ATC is primarily used for landing on a carrier along of the ACLS system.<br />
<br />
=Digital Systems Overview=<br />
----<br />
[[File:displays.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
==Pilot==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat comes with 2 digital display screens in the Pilot cockpit:<br />
* '''Vertical Display Indicator (VDI):''' a multifunction display that allows for the pilot to see their HUD in a form of a repeater, and the [[#Television Camera Set|TCS]].<br />
* '''Horizontal Situation Display Indicator (HSD):''' a multifunction display that allows for the pilot to see their virtual compass for navigation modes, and the [[#AWG-9 Pulse-Doppler Radar|AWG-9 Radar]] from the RIO TID as a repeater.<br />
<br />
===Heads Up Display===<br />
The head-up display (HUD) is a projected display at the front of the cockpit that serves as the primary flight instrument. It also provides various indications for weapon delivery; this section will cover the HUD's indications in NAV master mode. Master mode/weapon-specific indications on the HUD will be covered in the relevant section.<br />
<br />
====Reject Modes====<br />
Via the switches next to the TO button on the displays panel, you are able to "declutter" or remove information off of the HUD.<br />
<br />
==Radar Intercept Officer==<br />
The Radar Intercept Officer (RIO) comes with 3 digital display screens in the RIO cockpit:<br />
* '''Detail Data Display (DDD):''' a dual-purpose display that allows for the RIO to see contacts on the [[#AWG-9 Pulse-Doppler Radar|radar]], based on the range and radar mode.<br />
* '''Tactical Information Display (TID):''' a multi-purpose display that allows for the RIO to see their [[#AWG-9 Pulse-Doppler Radar|AWG-9]] situational awareness, [[#Television Camera Set|TCS]], [[#TARPS Pod|TARPS]] and [[#LANTIRN Targeting Pod|LANTIRN]] pods.<br />
* '''Horizontal Situation Display Indicator (HSD):''' a multi-purpose display as to the one in the pilot cockpit.<br />
<br />
==Master Modes==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat has 5 primarily modes for information displayed. The 5 master modes are:<br />
* '''TO:''' switch. Displays takeoff information on HUD and VDI for degrees.<br />
* '''CRUISE:''' single-purpose button. Displays in-air flight information on HUD and VDI for degrees.<br />
* '''A/A:''' single-purpose button. Displays air-to-air information on HUD and VDI for degrees; and weapon employment.<br />
* '''A/G:''' single-purpose button. Displays air-to-ground information on HUD and VDI for degrees; and weapon employment.<br />
* '''LDG:''' single-purpose button. Displays landing information on HUD and VDI for degrees.<br />
<br />
<br />
Additionally, the F-14 Tomcat has an Air Combat Maneuver (ACM) panel which controls all air-to-air and air-to-ground aspects for armament.<br />
<br />
=Navigation=<br />
----<br />
The F-14 Tomcat has an inertial navigation system (INS) that allows the pilot to navigate by internal gyros aligned. However, due to the fault of having no GPS assistance, these gyros slowly drift over time and cause misalignment for visual information.<br />
<br />
==HSD==<br />
[[File:Hsd.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The Horizontal Situation Display Indicator (HSD) is the primary interface with the airplane's navigation systems. The HSI can be accessed from the bottom display screen. The basic function of the HSI is a rotating compass with a looking-from-above perspective. The controls for this screen are:<br />
# '''BRT Control:''' dial. Controls the brightness of the HSD screen.<br />
# '''HDG Control:''' dial. Controls the heading reference in TACAN mode.<br />
# '''CRS Control:''' dial. Controls the course heading reference in MAN and TACAN modes.<br />
# '''Test Button:''' single-purpose button. Resets the HSD screen if overload protection activates.<br />
# '''BIT Indicator:''' light. Shows a white light if a failure produces in the HSD.<br />
<br />
=== Steering Commands ===<br />
The HSD comes with a set of 5 different steering commands, which each have their own purpose towards displaying certain information:<br />
* '''TACAN:''' single-purpose button. Displays information based off of a radio beacon with range and direction.<br />
* '''DEST:''' single-purpose button. Displays information off of a selected waypoint from the RIO with range and direction.<br />
* '''AWL/PCD:''' single-purpose button. Displays information off of an ICLS frequency with azimuth and elevation bars (on VDI and HUD)<br />
* '''VEC:''' single-purpose button. ? (needs more info.)<br />
* '''MAN:''' single-purpose button. Displays information off of an entered heading (HDG Control) with direction.<br />
<br />
==Waypoints==<br />
The F-14B comes with an onboard flight computer system that handles waypoint navigation during in-air flight. The navigation system in the F-14B Tomcat gives a variety of waypoint holders, along with information for a set home plate.<br />
<br />
===Pilot===<br />
For the F-14B pilot, the waypoint information is able to be accessed by the DEST steering command and by using the NAV HSD display mode.<br />
<br />
===Radar Intercept Officer===<br />
For the F-14B Radar Intercept Officer, (RIO) the waypoints must be manually assigned by the RIO through the Computer Address Panel (CAP) system under the TAC DATA category. Once done, the waypoint must be selected through the CAP and entered in with coordinates similar to how INS alignment procedures are done.<br />
<br />
==TACAN==<br />
Tactical Air Navigation (TACAN) is a military radio navigation system. A TACAN beacon allows for an aircraft to determine its bearing and range from it, and using this information can navigate. TACAN's may be ground-based or be broadcasted by an airplane. TACAN channels have two bands, X and Y, and range from 1-126. 2 TACAN channels may be set present in the aircraft by both the Pilot and RIO for simultaneous use.<br />
<br />
The TACAN setting knobs give a range of these options:<br />
*'''T/R:''' Transmit and receive. Gets bearing and range from the TACAN.<br />
*'''RCV:''' Receive. Gets bearing from the TACAN.<br />
*'''A/A:''' Air-to-air TACAN mode.<br />
*'''X:''' Tunes the selected frequency on the X band.<br />
*'''Y:''' Tunes the selected frequency on the Y band.<br />
<br />
==ICLS==<br />
For night and low visibility operations, aircraft carriers have an Instrument Carrier Landing System (ICLS) to allow for instrument approaches to the carrier. ICLS provides horizontal and vertical guidance. The F-14 is equipped with ICLS.<br />
<br />
To activate the airplane's ICLS antenna, an ICLS dial is present to the right of the warning lights advisory panel, with an ARA on/off switch, used to toggle power to the system.<br />
<br />
When ILS is selected on the HSI, two bars, one horizontal and one vertical, appear near the velocity vector on the HUD. These indicate a vertical and horizontal deviation from the optimal glideslope (3°) and course to the deck. When they are both aligned with the velocity vector (making a "+"), the aircraft is on course.<br />
<br />
==ACLS==<br />
For CAT III conditions and poor visibility, the F-14 is equipped with the Automatic Carrier Landing System (ACLS) to allow an automatic flight to the carrier via. a radio-guided input from a Landing Signal Officer. (LSO) The auto-throttle and autopilot systems must be engaged and present during the time of activation with this system, along with lights given to the left of the VDI display.<br />
<br />
Datalink is required between the aircraft and the carrier in order for ACLS to work. When the best position of the azimuth and glideslope bars are within parameters, the nosewheel steering button is pressed in order to engage guidance.<br />
<br />
==Navigation Failures==<br />
The F-14B has a variety of navigation failures that may/can occur, including methods to fix them.<br />
<br />
===Navigation Fix Update===<br />
An error of latitude or longitude in the computer position of the aircraft can be corrected by a navigation fix update. Updating is especially important in the backup modes (AHRS AM and IMU/ AM) because of the estimated winds and magnetic variation changes. A nav fix is done via a ground-reference-point (latitude and longitude) position. The range and bearing of this position to the present aircraft position are used to update or correct existing values. The nav system may be updated by either a radar fix, a TACAN fix, or a visual fix.<br />
<br />
Before performing a nav fix, the latitude and longitude of the desired update point (radar, TACAN, or visual) must be stored in one of eight navigation point locations (three WPs, FIX PT, HOME BASE, HOST AREA, DEF PT, and IP). This data can be stored prior to flight by data link or by manual insertion. Then follow these steps:<br />
<br />
# Hook the Waypoint you choose to select for the nav fix.<br />
# Check the stored latitude and longitude on the TID.<br />
# Rotate the CATEGORY switch to NAV and select the desired type of update.<br />
<br />
<br />
Note that updating the position while in INS, and to a lesser degree while in IMU, can introduce a greater navigational position error than already present, in particular, if radar fix is used to update the nav system. Updates with a visual or TACAN fix provide reasonable accuracy (assuming a good MAG VAR during TACAN updates). Updating your nav system via a nav fix should be primarily used in the AHRS mode.<br />
<br />
===Radar Fix Update===<br />
An RDR FIX may be selected before or after positioning the DDD cursors. If the RDR FIX button is depressed, the computer computes the present position of the aircraft by measuring the range and bearing from the selected point. The delta between the computer position and the position determined by the INS is then displayed on the TID. If the entry of this delta into the navigation computations is desired, press the FIX ENABLE button. If the delta does not appear to be correct, the computer and the readout can be cleared by pressing the RDR FIX button. The fix may then be attempted again. The RIO should also perform periodic checks of own aircraft system altitude and update the altitude if necessary.<br />
<br />
Radar updating is performed as follows:<br />
<br />
# TID CURSOR/CAP - Hook Desired Navigation Point for Update.<br />
# PULSE SRCH button - Depress.<br />
# On sensor control panel: STAB switch - IN. EL BARS switch - 1. AZ SCAN switch - As Desired.<br />
# RDR FIX button - Depress.<br />
# DDD CURSOR button - Depress.<br />
# Action switch - Half Action (first detent).<br />
# Cursor is displayed on DDD.<br />
# Manipulate hand control DDD cursor over desired ground map point.<br />
# Action switch - Full Action and Release. (This will cause the DDD cursor to remain at the selected position.<br />
# Observe the delta for LAT and LONG on TID.<br />
# If readouts are unsatisfactory, deselect RDR FIX and repeat steps 4 through 12.<br />
# FIX ENABLE button - Depress.<br />
<br />
===TACAN Update===<br />
To perform a nav fix by TACAN requires that a restored waypoint shares identical LAT and LONG values with the TACAN station that will be used for the fix. Select the TACAN channel for the desired station and verify by listening to the coded identifier tone in the headset.<br />
<br />
Press the TACAN FIX button to update the aircraft position from a TACAN station. The WCS computer then calculates the own aircraft position error based on the range and bearing from the TACAN station. The delta is then entered in the same manner as with a radar fix.<br />
<br />
Perform a TACAN fix following these steps:<br />
<br />
# Select a TACAN channel whose latitude and longitude correspond to an update point.<br />
# Hook desired update point (WAYPT 1, FIX PT, HOME BASE, etc.).<br />
# CATEGORY switch - NAV.<br />
# TACAN FIX button - Depress.<br />
# Observe present position delta readout.<br />
# If delta is unsatisfactory, deselect TACAN FIX and repeat steps 2 through 7.<br />
# FIX ENABLE button - Depress.<br />
<br />
===Visual Update===<br />
To perform a visual fix, fly over a restored waypoint and press the VIS FIX button. Estimate your timing, because the aircraft nose and fuselage can obscure the fixed point during an overflight. It is also difficult to estimate when directly overhead a waypoint if the aircraft altitude is greater than 10.000 feet. The delta for the visual fix is displayed on the TID. Enter the delta by pressing FIX ENABLE.<br />
<br />
To perform a visual fix use the following steps:<br />
<br />
# Hook desired update point (WAY PT, HB, IP, etc.).<br />
# Select NAV category on CAP.<br />
# Overfly the selected restored point and when over the point, depress the VIS FIX button on the cap.<br />
# If the delta is not satisfactory, press VIS FIX again to clear the delta and repeat from step 1.<br />
# If a satisfactory delta is displayed, depress the FIX ENABLE button; this causes the delta correction of own-aircraft position to be inserted into the computer.<br />
<br />
===Datalink Update===<br />
To perform a data link update of the aircraft INS to the TDS frame of reference, the aircraft and TDS must share a prebriefed waypoint, identical in latitude and longitude. Enter this LAT/LONG data into the HOST AREA pseudo target file. The TDS will uplink the common reference point as a data link waypoint. When the aircraft and TDS INS systems agree, the data link waypoint and host area symbols will be superimposed on the TID. If they drift apart, the two pseudo targets on the TID will drift as well.<br />
<br />
To perform an update via data link, use the following steps:<br />
<br />
# Hook data link waypoint corresponding prebriefed reference point.<br />
# Select NAV category on CAP.<br />
# Overfly the hooked data link waypoint. When immediately over the point, press VIS FIX button on CAP.<br />
# Observe delta LAT and LONG on TID.<br />
# If deltas are satisfactory and update is desired, depress FIX ENABLE.<br />
# After a data link update, HOST AREA and data link waypoint should be superimposed on the TID again.<br />
<br />
===Fighter-to-Fighter Navigation Update===<br />
Net aircraft that use fighter-to-fighter data link can update their navigation system in the FF/DL mode. To update LAT/LONG hook the net aircraft symbol of an aircraft that is in close proximity and select F/F NAV UPDATE on the CAP. This will enter the hooked aircraft’s coordinates into the INS as own-aircraft coordinates. To update the nav system on an aircraft that is not close, first obtain a radar STT on that aircraft, hook the STT-ed aircraft on the TID and then press F/F NAV UPDATE on the CAP.<br />
<br />
=Defensive Systems=<br />
----<br />
The F-14B is equipped with various defensive systems: the AN/ALE-39 Countermeasure Dispensing System (CMDS), for the release of chaff and flares, the AN/ALQ-126 Deception ECM (DECM), for jamming enemy radar, and the AN/ALR-67 Radar Warning Reciever (RWR), for detection of enemy radar emitters and missile launches.<br />
<br />
==AN/ALR-67 RWR==<br />
[[File:alr-67.png|thumb|400px]]<br />
The AN/ALR-67 Radar Warning Receiver (RWR) provides the Hornet the ability to detect radars via the radio/microwave radiation they emit.<br />
<br />
===Audio Tones===<br />
Accompanying the RWR are various audio feedback tones:<br />
*'''Single Beep:''' A new ground- or sea-based emitter has been detected.<br />
*'''Double Beep:''' A new airborne emitter has been detected.<br />
*'''Repeating Beep:''' An emitter is tracking.<br />
*'''Faster Repeating Beep:''' An emitter is guiding a missile or is a missile.<br />
<br />
<br />
On the RWR gauge, the RWR knob will control the volume of the RWR tones.<br />
<br />
===Emitter Identifiers===<br />
''This list is, at present, not complete.''<br />
{|class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"<br />
!Type<br />
!RWR ID<br />
|-<br />
|U<br />
|Unknown<br />
|-<br />
|M<br />
|Active radar-homing missile<br />
|-<br />
|S<br />
|Search radar<br />
|-<br />
|3<br />
|SA-3 "Goa"<br />
|-<br />
|6<br />
|SA-6 "Gainful"<br />
|-<br />
|8<br />
|SA-8 "Gecko"<br />
|-<br />
|10<br />
|SA-10 "Grumble"<br />
|-<br />
|11<br />
|SA-11 "Gadfly"<br />
|-<br />
|11<br />
|F-111 Aardvark<br />
|-<br />
|12<br />
|SA-12 "Gladiator"<br />
|-<br />
|13<br />
|SA-13 "Gopher"<br />
|-<br />
|13<br />
|C-130 Hercules<br />
|-<br />
|14<br />
|F-14 Tomcat<br />
|-<br />
|15<br />
|F-15 Eagle<br />
|-<br />
|15 <br />
|SA-15 "Gauntlet"<br />
|-<br />
|16<br />
|F-16 Fighting Falcon<br />
|-<br />
|17<br />
|C-17 Globemaster III<br />
|-<br />
|18<br />
|F/A-18 Hornet<br />
|-<br />
|22<br />
|Tu-22 "Blinder"<br />
|-<br />
|23<br />
|MiG-23 "Flogger"<br />
|-<br />
|24<br />
|Su-24 "Fencer"<br />
|-<br />
|25<br />
|MiG-25 "Foxbat"<br />
|-<br />
|29<br />
|MiG-29 "Fulcrum"<br />
|-<br />
|29<br />
|Su-27 "Flanker"<br />
|-<br />
|29<br />
|Su-33 "Flanker-D"<br />
|-<br />
|30<br />
|Su-30 "Flanker-C"<br />
|-<br />
|31<br />
|MiG-31 "Foxhound"<br />
|-<br />
|34<br />
|Su-34 "Fullback"<br />
|-<br />
|39<br />
|Su-25M "Frogfoot"<br />
|-<br />
|40<br />
|''Spruance''-class destroyer<br />
|-<br />
|48<br />
|''Nimitz''-class carrier<br />
|-<br />
|49<br />
|''Oliver Hazard Perry''-class frigate<br />
|-<br />
|50<br />
|A-50 "Mainstay"<br />
|-<br />
|52<br />
|B-52 Stratofortress<br />
|-<br />
|76<br />
|IL-76 "Candid"<br />
|-<br />
|78<br />
|IL-78 "Midas"<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==AN/ALE-39 CMDS==<br />
[[File:f14 cms.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The AN/ALE-39 is the countermeasures dispensing set installed in the F-14B in this simulation. It controls its own set of launchers located between the engine nozzles on the underside of the so-called beaver-tail. The launchers each have two sections, one containing 10 cartridges and the other 20. They are referred to the left and right dispensers even though the left is really the front one and the right the back one with both being mounted inline on the left side of the tailhook. This is a remnant from the earliest model F-14s carrying the AN/ALE-29.<br />
<br />
This all sums up to a capacity of 60 cartridges in the system with each section necessarily holding one type of cartridges meaning that any combination of cartridges is possible as long as each type’s quantity is a multiple of 10. The system itself has no real knowledge of what is loaded where so incorrectly programming the system can lead to the wrong type of cartridge being ejected.<br />
<br />
===Cockpit Controls===<br />
The system itself can be operated manually from the control panel in the RIO pit or the DLC thumbwheel on the pilot stick when the flaps lever is in the up position. It is also capable of running programmed sequences of ejection which in turn can be initiated manually by the RIO from the control panel or the direction hats mounted on the handhold over the DDD. In addition, the AN/ALR-67 can also initiate the chaff ejection program if set up correctly on the AN/ALE-39 control panel.<br />
<br />
==AN/ALQ-126 DECM==<br />
The AN/ALQ-126 deception jammer is designed to detect radar threats, analyze them, select the optimum countermeasure technique available and apply it. Available techniques for jamming are amongst others, main lobe blanking, inverse con-scan, range-gate pull-off and swept square modes. In DCS this is modeled as a simple noise jammer due to engine limitations but controlled by the DECM logic as to when it’s on or off.<br />
<br />
===Cockpit Controls===<br />
The controls for the AN/ALQ-126 DECM are all located on the right horizontal panel in the RIO pit, the panel as the image above. In addition, there are two indication lights co-located with the RWR threat indicators on the right side of the TID. The mode selector knob controls power and operational mode that the system is in. The modes for the DECM are as follows:<br />
<br />
* '''OFF:''' turns off power to the system. STBY begins pre-warming of the system, taking in all-around 5 minutes.<br />
* '''TEST HOLD 3 SEC:''' is used to prepare the system for BIT, after 3 seconds in this mode, turn the knob to TEST - ACT.<br />
* '''TEST ACT:''' starts the BIT in the system. The BIT takes approximately 30 seconds and the RCV light will be illuminated the whole time while the XMIT light will flash twice. If the STANDBY light illuminates it indicates that a no-go condition exists in the system.<br />
* '''REC:''' enables the system to receive the only mode, enabling analyzation of threats and also the threat audio.<br />
* '''RPT:''' enables full system functionality, in addition to REC it also now tries to jam threats according to the selected method.<br />
<br />
=Television Camera Set=<br />
----<br />
[[File:tcs_symbology.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The F-14B is outfitted with the ALQ-100 Television Camera Set (TCS) pod, used for visually identifying aircraft during the time of which IFF was not a trusted/more inferior method to confirming hostile aircraft and to keep track of their position, as well as their living status.<br />
<br />
==Symbology==<br />
On the TID, in non-TV mode, a TCS track is indicated by a 1.5” strobe at TCS LOS azimuth with a hollow circle at the end.<br />
<br />
The symbology on the video feed from the TCS has indicators for the FOV and two crosshairs indicating TCS LOS relative own aircraft, GACH, and AN/AWG-9 radar LOS relative TCS LOS, RACH. Additionally, the track window is indicated by 4 small squares representing each corner of that window.<br />
<br />
The gimbal angle crosshairs or GACH, which is a solid cross, indicate deflection of the TCS LOS from the aircraft datum line, ADL. GACH crosshair in the center indicates TCS LOS along ADL and deflection towards the edges indicate deflection towards the gimbal limits with the video edges being maximum deflection.<br />
<br />
RACH or radar angle crosshairs, a dashed crosshair, indicate radar antenna LOS when inside the current TCS FOV. When the sensors slave to one another RACH and GACH will coincide creating a single solid crosshair.<br />
<br />
The track window indicates the area that the TCS contrast tracker is currently locked on to if it has acquired a target. When not in an active track these squares collapse into the center of the display being 2% of the screen width when in manual mode and 5% when in an auto mode.<br />
<br />
=LANTIRN Targeting Pod=<br />
----<br />
[[File:flir.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The F-14B can carry the AN/AAQ-14 Low Altitude Navigation and Targeting Infrared For Night (LANTIRN) targeting pod. This pod consists of a Forward-Looking Infrared (FLIR) camera (which also includes a digital charged coupled device camera) for target locating and observing, a Laser Target Designator/Ranger for firing a laser that both designates targets for laser-homing weapons and gathers ranging information for designating whatever the FLIR is pointed at as an air-to-ground, and a Laser Spot Tracker (LST) which can search for and track a laser, allowing for the FLIR to be cued onto an offboard (ground or air-designated) laser from another unit and then designate a Target off said point; this allows for most effective buddy-lasing. The targeting pod can be used in both air-to-ground and air-to-air functions, but the LTD/R and LST are only used for A/G operation.<br />
<br />
==Symbology==<br />
The following areas on the LANTIRN are to represent:<br />
# '''A/C Position Data:''' Displays aircraft LAT/LON, altitude, and groundspeed information.<br />
# '''LANTIRN Polarity:''' Displays white or hot background. AGC is for automatic gain control, MGC is for manual gain control.<br />
# '''LANTIRN Information:''' Gives general information on the pod. SR is for slant range, AZ/EL for azimuth/elevation of sight, and rest is UTC time.<br />
# '''LANTIRN Track Mode:''' Displays the current tracking mode. A/A is for air-to-air, A/G is for air-to-ground. Right side is for current selected weapon.<br />
# '''Track Data:''' Displays information of LAT/LON and altitude of where the sight is at.<br />
# '''Track:''' Displays the hairs for point and area track, and what the sight is directly pointed at.<br />
# '''Launch Envelopes:''' The top tape is for the heading relative of the aircraft to the track. The right side tape is for the release point.<br />
<br />
=TARPS Pod=<br />
----<br />
Not yet implemented.<br />
<br />
=Air-to-Air Radar=<br />
----<br />
==Detail Data Display==<br />
[[File:f14 ddd.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
Among the 3 digital displays, the Detail Data Display gives the RIO information about contacts from the AWG-9 radar in terms of range and radar mode, with respect to the notch filter.<br />
<br />
===Notch Filter===<br />
The AWG-9 radar in the F-14B Tomcat has a notch filter when using the pulse-doppler radar modes under certain conditions. These conditions include, but are not limited to:<br />
<br />
* ~100 knot difference of the aircraft relative to contact<br />
* Contact flying 90 degrees perpendicular CW/CCW to aircraft<br />
* Masking with ground terrain scan return<br />
<br />
<br />
There is a rough line shown in the radar modes, likewise of the jamming lobe, for when considering the notch filter that the contact will disappear from.<br />
<br />
==Tactical Information Display==<br />
[[File:f14 tid.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The Tactical Information Display (TID) gives the RIO of the F-14B the main information on the AWG-9 radar, including situational awareness, range, altitude, and contact heading.<br />
<br />
===Display Modes===<br />
The TID comes with a total of 8 display modes available, that can be toggled either on or off for purposes of gathering more information or decluttering:<br />
<br />
* '''RID DISABLE:''' ? needs more info. Not yet implemented.<br />
* '''ALT NUM:''' Displays the altitude of contact with a singular digit rounded to the nearest thousand.<br />
* '''SYM ELEM:''' Displays the symbology of contacts corresponding to HAFU.<br />
* '''DATA LINK:''' Displays contacts from the datalink frequency.<br />
* '''JAM STROBE:''' Displays the jamming strobes. Not yet implemented.<br />
* '''NON-ATTK:''' Displays determined (manual IFF or datalink) HAFU of friendly contacts.<br />
* '''VEL VECTOR:''' Displays the velocity vectors of contacts.<br />
* '''LAUNCH ZONE:''' Displays contact approximate missile launch zones.<br />
<br />
==AN/AWG-9 Radar==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat is equipped with the AN/AWG-9 all-weather and pulse-doppler radar. It is a very long-range radar used for the main purpose of intercept.<br />
<br />
===Radar Modes===<br />
The AWG-9 in the F-14B comes with 2 types of radar modes: doppler and pulse-doppler search. Of those two, subsets are able to be observed as 5 in this list:<br />
<br />
* '''PD SRCH:''' Pulse-Doppler Search mode. No bias factor of the radar, but impedes to pulse-doppler methods.<br />
* '''PD STT:''' Pulse-Doppler Single Target Track mode. By default upon acquiring a lock with the AWG-9, the radar will move to this function mode. It is currently suspectable to the notch filter.<br />
* '''RWS:''' Range While Search mode. The radar will prioritize the range of targets but not other factors. Falls under pulse-doppler.<br />
* '''TWS MAN:''' Track While Scan - Manual mode. The radar will prioritize the situational awareness of other targets but not give information on every target. The radar will also prioritize targets by threat importance.<br />
* '''TWS AUTO:''' Track While Scan - Auto mode. The radar will perform the same as TWS Man, but the elevation and azimuth controls will be automated in the process for an optimal scan.<br />
* '''PULSE SRCH:''' Pulse Search mode. No bias factor of the radar and can not be impeded to the notch filter, unlike the pulse-doppler method. The radar will, however, output a return of everything that is scanned and requires tuning.<br />
* '''PULSE STT:''' Pulse Single Target Track mode. Performing similarly to Pulse Search mode, this function mode applies to only a single target and is not suspectable to the notch filter.<br />
<br />
====Pulse-Doppler Search Mode====<br />
[[File:f14 pulsedoppler.png|thumb|350px]]<br />
The pulse-doppler search mode is used mainly as a kind of early warning mode. It is the search mode with the greatest detection range but it can display no range to the RIO, only closure rate. For this reason, the TID can display no track information.<br />
<br />
====Pulse-Doppler STT Mode====<br />
[[File:f14 pdstt.png|thumb|350px]]<br />
The pulse-doppler STT works and looks much like the pulse STT mode. It does, however, have the same advantages and disadvantages compared to pulse STT as the other pulse-doppler modes compared to the pulse modes. This means that while much better at tracking a target close to the ground it is however vulnerable to notching.<br />
<br />
The DDD display for pulse-doppler STT looks like pulse STT display except that the target return and antenna azimuth display are moved to the left side of the screen and a generated synthetic target marker is displayed at the correct azimuth instead. This is so that the targets range can be displayed by the synthetic target, unlike the other pulse-doppler modes which only shows closure rate. The other symbology on the DDD in this mode are the same as in pulse STT.<br />
<br />
====Range While Search Mode====<br />
In range while search, a frequency measuring ranging mode is added (FM ranging) to allow the radar to measure the range of tracked targets in addition to closure rate. This additional processing does, however, mean that the effective range of the radar is somewhat lesser. The display on the DDD is the same as in pulse-doppler search, the TID however also shows tracks in this mode showing the targets as tracks momentarily as they’re scanned and displaying their position and altitude. <br />
<br />
The targets are shown for a maximum of two seconds or until the antenna again scans the same bar at the same azimuth at which time it is removed unless detected again. The maximum number of concurrently shown tracks are 48.<br />
<br />
====TWS Manual Mode====<br />
The track, while scan mode uses the same FM ranging as RWS with the same reduction in range compared to pulse-doppler search and the DDD display, is also the same. The main difference that the computer establishes track files and tracks up to 24 targets concurrently of which 18 can be shown on the TID at any given time.<br />
<br />
As the computer routine calculating these tracks need a set track refresh time of 2 seconds this limits available azimuth scan area and bar settings to either 20° 4 bars or 40° 2 bars. When entering TWS the computer automatically selects the ±20° 4 bar scan disregarding the RIO set scan volumes unless those are set to ±40° 2 bars in which case that is used instead.<br />
<br />
The TWS mode is also the only mode enabling guidance of the AIM-54 at multiple targets (up to six), and as soon as engageable targets are detected the computer starts assigning them a missile priority number according to optimal missile firing sequence.<br />
<br />
====TWS Auto Mode====<br />
Performing similarly to TWS Man mode, what differs between the two is that in TWS auto the computer takes control of used scan volume and scan pattern azimuth and elevation as soon as target tracks are present. The WCS computer automatically tries to optimize the scan volume and direction so that tracking of the prioritized targets is maximized. If not selected before launch the WCS overrides as soon as the first AIM-54 is launched and selects TWS Auto.<br />
<br />
====Pulse Search Mode====<br />
[[File:f14 pulse.png|thumb|350px]]<br />
Pulse search is used to search for and find airborne targets at range. It is possible to use this radar mode as a basic ground mapper as well which can be useful for navigation and navigational fixes and can also be used in a pinch to detect larger surface targets like ships. Keep in mind though that the radar is not built with this as its main function and that a real air-to-ground radar will outperform it handily.<br />
<br />
In this mode, the radar cannot by itself differentiate targets and generate tracks meaning that the WCS will not generate track files and display anything on the TID. This also means that pulse search is not capable of guiding missiles.<br />
<br />
====Pulse STT Mode====<br />
[[File:f14 pstt.png|thumb|350px]]<br />
Pulse STT is used to track a single target, like pulse search mode it is not susceptible to notching but it is to ground clutter. The fact that the STT modes use gates to track the target, in this case, range gates, means that it is less susceptible to ground clutter but a target close enough to the ground that the ground return enters the range gates would be likely to shake the lock.<br />
<br />
As it is only in the pulse-doppler modes that the missile guidance commands can be sent pulse STT is limited to launching AIM-7s in CW mode and AIM-54s in an active launch mode limiting their ranges. At short ranges, ACM ranges, it is possible to use the ASPECT switch to set what aspect of the target to track, this is just to counter different types of countermeasures. As an example, if set to NOSE the radar will be less susceptible to chaff as the radar weights its track towards the targets leading-edge (nose) away from the chaff being launched behind the target.<br />
<br />
A successful track is indicated by the ANT TRK and RDROT indicator lights on the DDD, meaning that the antenna is tracking the target and that the target is within the range gates. If the target is jamming with sufficient strength, negating a range track, the radar will transition to a jam angle track instead, indicated by the JAT indicator light on the DDD illuminating instead of the RDROT. When range tracking is again possible at closer ranges the radar will transition to that instead.<br />
<br />
The DDD in this mode will be similar to the pulse search mode but the antenna will be locked onto the target and not scan. Additionally, the DDD will show the range gates around the target, a closing rate symbol at the right scale and applicable attack symbology if a valid missile is selected.<br />
<br />
===Anti-Jamming Modes===<br />
Not yet implemented.<br />
<br />
===AN/APX-76 IFF Interrogator===<br />
The AN/APX-76 IFF (Identification Friend or Foe) interrogator is integrated into the AN/AWG-9 operation. Then interrogator antenna itself is located on the AN/AWG-9 antenna gimbal platform. An IFF system works by sending out an interrogation pulse and then listening for returns from cooperating transponders. In addition to the unencrypted civilian mode the AN/APX-76 is capable of interrogating in the encrypted military mode 4. This ensures that targets replying to mode 4 interrogations are indeed friendly. The AN/APX-76 can be used both in search radar modes and in STT radar modes. To enable interrogation the IFF switch is depressed on the Detail Data Display Panel which then activates the interrogator for as long as the button is held up to 10 seconds max.<br />
<br />
When enabled IFF received IFF returns are then overlaid on the normal AN/AWG-9 radar returns on the DDD. A friendly target will be indicated with two bars, one above and one below the normal radar return. As the AN/APX-76 is a separate radar, secondary mode, radar apart from the AWG-9 the IFF can sometimes also detect targets not detected by the AWG-9. In this case the IFF return will not have a radar echo inside it. In the search mode this is overlaid over each target replying and in STT over the STT target. Additionally, if the STT target is hooked on the TID the DDD will switch from normal range display to a ±10 NM display to enable display of multiple returns in case of closely grouped targets.<br />
<br />
==HAFU/Datalink==<br />
[[File:HAFU.png|right|80px]]<br />
Hostile, Ambiguous, Friendly or Unknown (HAFU) is a symbology system used by the F/A-18 to represent trackfiles; specifically, to show its status as a friendly or hostile. It is usually what trackfiles are displayed as across the software.<br />
<br />
There are four HAFU symbols:<br />
*'''Triangle:''' Hostile (red when colored)<br />
*'''Thick Staple:''' Ambiguous (yellow when colored)<br />
*'''Half-Circle:''' Friendly (green when colored)<br />
*'''Thin Staple:''' Unknown (yellow when colored)<br />
<br />
<br />
All types except ambiguous can be manually assigned via the [[#SA Format|Situational Awareness]] format. Tracks will also be automatically identified as explained below.<br />
<br />
A hostile HAFU will be assigned whenever:<br />
* A negative IFF response is returned, and<br />
** An NCTR print returns with an aircraft type that is on the hostile coalition; or<br />
** A SURV (surveillance, like an AWACS) source over datalink also marks it hostile; or<br />
** A F/F (fighter-fighter, like another F/A-18) source over datalink also marks it hostile.<br />
<br />
<br />
An ambiguous HAFU will be assigned when the aircraft and a donor have conflicting identifications (friendly and hostile).<br />
<br />
A friendly HAFU will be assigned whenever an IFF interrogation returns as friendly or the track itself is contributed to by the Precise Participant Location and Identification (PPLI) system.<br />
<br />
An unknown HAFU will be assigned by default until it is updated by meeting one of the requirements above.<br />
<br />
=Air-to-Air Weapons=<br />
----<br />
This area will cover over all the different air-to-air weapons brought with the F-14B Tomcat.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Air Gun==<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Air Missiles==<br />
===AIM-54 Phoenix===<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
====AIM-54A Mk.60====<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
====AIM-54C Mk.47====<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
===AIM-7 Sparrow===<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
===AIM-9 Sidewinder===<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
=Air-to-Ground Weapons=<br />
----<br />
The F-14B Tomcat comes with a variety of air-to-ground weapons after the upgrade to the Bombcat.<br />
<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
=Resources=<br />
----<br />
==Manuals & Documents==<br />
* [https://info.publicintelligence.net/F14AAP-1B.pdf F-14B NATOPS Pocket Checklist]<br />
* [http://www.heatblur.se/F-14Manual/ Heatblur F-14 Manual]<br />
<br />
==Heatblur's Videos==<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q1o7E9pb95Y Episode 1: Overview]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OO3IdQjAdDA Episode 2: Pilot's Cockpit Walkaround]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ws1GxPG2ZXw Episode 3: Cold And Dark (Full Startup)]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kgpGO7fj4oU Episode 4: The RIO's Office]<br />
<br />
==Jabbers' Tutorial Videos==<br />
(They're good!)<br />
<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2qwlJs__iYk Pilot - Startup/Taxi/Takeoff with JESTER AI]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b5opjCygZug Pilot - Maneuvering and Flight Characteristics]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f4y2oZ-7rM8 Pilot - Air-to-Air Refueling]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ujk4hL_EnUc Pilot - ACM - Radar Acquisition Modes]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wftck0C3fJ8 Pilot - Weapons - Zuni Rockets with JESTER AI]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4m-Q02gxFEA Pilot - Weapons - AIM-9 Sidewinder]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SWeHtpJ00JI RIO - Startup]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r4-Dd4ss2Rc RIO - AWG-9 Radar]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YG7sWweg2RQ RIO - IFF Interrogation]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2q-bHFyTEr8 Overview - AIM-54C Mk.47 Phoenix - Tacview Debrief]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PyAQpqVhtBY Overview - AIM-54A Mk.60 Phoenix - Tacview Debrief]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4groy-_Bxfk Quick Tips - AIM-54 Phoenix]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Is3AtOX-abw Quick Tips - Bombing]</div>Siriushttps://wiki.hoggitworld.com/index.php?title=F-14A/B&diff=10575F-14A/B2019-09-03T02:41:28Z<p>Sirius: /* AIM-9 Sidewinder */</p>
<hr />
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{{ModuleInfo<br />
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<br />
''Credits to Jak for having the [[F/A-18C]] page serve as a guide and filler content on related systems.''<br />
<br />
The Grumman '''F-14A/B''' Tomcat is a two-seat, twin-engine supersonic variable wing-sweep fighter aircraft. The F-14 was the first US fighter jet with twin tails and was the largest & heaviest US fighter to ever fly from an aircraft carrier. The reason that the F-14 was so incredibly large and heavy was that it carried the large AWG-9 radar and accompanying AIM-54 Phoenix (air-to-air) missiles: this very capable combination allowed the F-14 to make shots of up to 200 nautical miles at the bad guys. Also, being big means you can carry a lot of fuel!<br />
<br />
Of course, the practical range of the AWG-9 is rather more limited, especially if you are shooting at more maneuverable fighter-sized targets, but even at these closer ranges, the AIM-54 Phoenix is still a capable missile that should not be underestimated. The F-14 is also capable of carrying an array of air-to-ground weapons, such as dumb bombs in both high and low drag forms, air-to-ground Zuni rockets and even laser-guided bombs, which can be self-designated using the LANTIRN targeting pod on the F-14.<br />
<br />
Most people will recognize and adore the F-14 because of its stardom presence in that one weird volleyball movie from the '80s. Its on-screen presence in movies will make the F-14 to appear docile and easy to fly, but due to lack of a fly-by-wire the F-14 can be a real handful: it being a pilot's aircraft however makes it fun to fly and learn. The analogous nature of the F-14 (comparable to the F-5E II Tigershark) will give you a good knowledge of the airplane over time but requires a bit of a different mindset that the computerized flight of the F/A-18C and the F-15.<br />
<br />
__TOC__<br />
<br />
=Weapons List=<br />
----<br />
==Implemented==<br />
Partially or fully implemented weapons of the F14/A/B Tomcat:<br />
* M61 Vulcan Six-Barreled Gatling Gun<br />
* AIM-7M/F Sparrow<br />
* CAP/AIM-9M Sidewinder<br />
* AIM-54A Phoenix Mk. 60<br />
* AIM-54C Phoenix Mk. 47<br />
* Mk-81, 82, 83, and 84 <br />
* GBU-10, 12, 16, and 24 <br />
* MK-20 Rockeye<br />
* Zuni Rockets<br />
* BDU-33 Practice Bombs<br />
* ADM-141 TALD<br />
* LUU-2 Parachute Flare<br />
* Smokewinder<br />
* LANTIRN Pod<br />
* FPU-1 Fuel Tank<br />
<br />
==Planned==<br />
Weapons not yet implemented into the Tomcat:<br />
* TARPS Pod<br />
<br />
=Hands On Throttle And Stick (HOTAS)=<br />
----<br />
==Throttle==<br />
[[File:throttle.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The throttle of the F-14 Tomcat consists of 2 quadrants, both for the left and right engines. There is an afterburner detent along with a cutoff detent for maximum throttle and shutdown of the engine for each quadrant.<br />
<br />
The throttle has the following controls:<br />
# '''Speed Brake Switch:''' 2-position switch. "EXT" is a momentary and needed input position that extends the speed brake outward depending on the aircraft speed.<br />
# '''Wing Sweep Switch:''' 4-way hat switch. "AUTO" sets the wing to sweep automatically determined by an onboard computer, "BOMB" sets the wing to sweep in an angled position between fully extended and retracted and dependent on speed for the air-to-ground bombing.<br />
# '''PLM Button:''' multifunction button. When the steering command is in A2A mode, this acts as a pilot lock-on tool for the AWG-9 radar. But when used for landing and/or in the LDG steering command mode, this allows for disengagement of the ACLS.<br />
# '''CAGE/SEAM Button:''' multifunction button. When the steering command is in A2A mode, this allows for CAGE/SEAM lock-on of the AIM-9 Sidewinder. But when used for landing and/or in the LDG steering command mode, this allows for disengagement of the APC.<br />
# '''Exterior Light Switch:''' 2-position switch. Used to toggle the exterior lights of the aircraft.<br />
# '''ICS PTT Switch:''' 2-position switch. Acts as a push-to-talk system for the ICS system inside of the aircraft used between the Pilot and RIO. (or JESTER AI)<br />
<br />
==Control Stick==<br />
[[File:stick.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The control stick is located in the center of the cockpit, mounted onto the floor. Left and right movements of the control stick direct hydraulic movement to the spoilers and horizontal stabilizers of the aircraft. Forward and backward movement result to respectively the same but to the horizontal stabilizers.<br />
<br />
The control stick has the following controls:<br />
# '''Bomb Release Button:''' single-purpose button. When pressed in A2G steering command mode, all pylons selected with bombs will release respective of the ripple settings, type, and interval.<br />
# '''Trim Hat:''' 4-way hat switch. Upward movement moves the aircraft downward, and downward movement moves the aircraft upward. Both left and right movements follow to their directions according to their name.<br />
# '''Weapon Select Hat:''' 4-way hat switch. Bottom selection is OFF, and a ridge requires a momentary push action to move in/out of to GUN. Following all to the top are SW, then SP/PH which requires a momentary push action to switch between.<br />
# '''DLC & Maneuver Flap Command Wheel:''' scrollable dial. Moving it with the landing gears fully deployed acts as a variable control for spoiler extension. With the landing gears up, the dial also acts the same but for flaps and slats.<br />
# '''DLC Engage/Disengage & CMS Dispense Button:''' multifunction button. When pressed with the landing gears fully deployed, this controls the engagement and disengagement of the DLC system. But with the landing gears fully retracted, this allows for pilot control of the CMS system.<br />
# '''Autopilot Reference & NWS Button:''' multifunction button. When the aircraft is up in the air, this controls specific autopilot settings. But when the aircraft is on the ground, this controls the activation of the nosewheel steering system.<br />
# '''Autopilot Emergency Disengage Paddle:''' multifunction button. Disengages all autopilot modes and DLC and releases all autopilot switches and roll and pitch SAS switches to OFF position.<br />
# '''Weapon Firing Trigger:''' two-stage trigger switch. The first detent enables CTVS and gun camera. Second detent releases selected forwards firing the weapon.<br />
<br />
=Flight Controls & Landing Gear=<br />
----<br />
==Flight Controls==<br />
[[File:Wheels-flaps.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The F-14B has a large hydraulic system which covers for all of the control surfaces of the aircraft. Without the hydraulic system, or taking damage the controls are in risk of improperly working. The F-14 Tomcat was the last of its generation to have no integration of an FBW or FCS system, which was introduced with the F-15 Eagle.<br />
<br />
The F-14's primary flight controls are:<br />
* '''Left Spoilers (LES):''' A set of spoilers that lie within the left wing of the aircraft that help with aileron movement and control that react opposite of the intended direction.<br />
* '''Right Spoilers (RES):''' A set of spoilers that lie within the right wing of the aircraft that help with aileron movement and control that react opposite of the intended direction.<br />
* '''Tailerons (TAIL):''' Two horizontal stabilizers located on the rear end of the aircraft that control both pitch and aileron movement.<br />
* '''Leading Edge Flaps (LEF):''' Normal slats located on the leading (front) edge of the wings to add lift.<br />
* '''Trailing Edge Flaps (TEF):''' Normal flaps located on the trailing (back) edge of the wings to add lift.<br />
<br />
<br />
The control stick controls the stabilators, ailerons, and rudder and the rudder pedals control the rudder.<br />
<br />
===Flaps System===<br />
The aircraft's flap system provides more lift (and as a byproduct, drag). The flaps lever has two positions:<br />
* '''NONE:''' This applies no flap whatsoever to the wings of the aircraft.<br />
* '''FULL:''' This applies full movement of flaps to the wings of the aircraft.<br />
<br />
<br />
The flaps lever allows for variable movement, which gives the pilot the ability to control the amount of flap they wish for.<br />
<br />
===Speed Brake===<br />
The speed brake is a flap located on the end of the aircraft designed to provide drag to decelerate faster. It is activated via the speed brake switch on the throttle. The two positions are:<br />
* '''EXT:''' When the switch is moved aft, this extends the speed brake of the aircraft out depending on the airspeed.<br />
* '''RET:''' When the switch is moved forward, this retracts the speed brake.<br />
<br />
===Trim===<br />
The tailerons are capable of being trimmed to make roll and pitch corrections. This is accomplished with the trim hat on the controls stick. When the autopilot system is engaged, the onboard computer will attempt to make active trim movements in order to keep the aircraft within the specified attitude when set, along of the setting parameters. As speed is either gained or lost, the trim will actively move the stick as well along of the tailerons to adapt.<br />
<br />
===Wing Sweep===<br />
The wings of the aircraft are a variable-sweep design allowing for automatic or manual movements from pilot input on the right throttle quadrant. Similar to wing fold, the wings are able to be overswept from its maximum position through a master reset of the system in order to allow tighter space and closer parking on the carrier deck.<br />
<br />
==Landing Gear==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat has 3 retractable landing gears: the nose gear, the left gear, and the right gear. The gear is moved via the gear lever on the left side of the cockpit. In the up position, the gear will retract. In the down position, the gear will extend. The gear lever cannot be put up with weight on wheels. The gear will not retract with the launch bar extended.<br />
<br />
===Nosewheel Steering===<br />
The nose gear features nosewheel steering (NWS) controlled by the rudder pedals. With the weight off of the wheels, it is disengaged. It automatically engages upon there being the weight on wheels. NWS is disengaged manually via the button on the stick.<br />
<br />
===Launch Bar===<br />
On the front nosegear is a launch bar that attaches the airplane to a catapult from launches from an aircraft carrier. Its deployment is pilot-controlled, but it is connected to the catapult by the ground crew (DCS default binding is U).<br />
<br />
It is controlled via the launch bar switch on the left upper console. When the switch in the RETRACT position, the launch bar will retract, but physically cannot do so when connected to the catapult. The switch will move to the RETRACT position automatically when there is a weight off wheels. In the EXTEND position, the launch bar will extend if there is the weight on wheels.<br />
<br />
=Autopilot and Autothrottle=<br />
----<br />
The F-14 Tomcat has the ability to automate certain types of flight via its Automatic Flight Control System (AFCS) and Automatic Throttle Control (ATC). The AFCS, or simply the autopilot, control the flight surfaces and the ATC controls the throttles.<br />
<br />
==AFCS==<br />
[[File:afcs.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The Automatic Flight Control System (AFCS), or just the "autopilot", controls the aircraft's flight controls to automate maneuvering. It is interfaced on the autopilot panel via the A/P engage switch. On the autopilot panel, there are 7 modes able to be toggled:<br />
# '''Pitch Stabilizer Augmentation:''' 2-position switch. This switch controls the ability for the pitch to be augmented for dampening.<br />
# '''Roll Stabilizer Augmentation:''' 2-position switch. This switch controls the ability for the roll to be augmented for dampening.<br />
# '''Yaw Stabilizer Augmentation:''' 2-position switch. This switch controls the ability for the yaw to be augmented for dampening.<br />
# '''VEC/PCD/ACL Switch:''' 3-position switch. This switch controls the remote control modes of autopilot with the steering bars and ACLS.<br />
# '''ALT Switch:''' 2-position switch.' This switch controls the ability to maintain the current altitude when autopilot is engaged.<br />
# '''HDG/GT Switch:''' 3-position switch. This switch controls the ability to maintain the current heading when autopilot is engaged.<br />
# '''ENGAGE Switch:''' 2-position switch. This switch engages and disengages the autopilot.<br />
<br />
==ATC==<br />
The automatic throttle control (ATC), or just "autothrottle", controls the physical throttles and thereby automated thrust control. ATC is toggled via ATC engage/disengage switch next to the throttle. When the ATC is engaged, the physical means of the throttle quadrants will begin to move on their own. However, whenever the pilot makes any new movement to the throttle whatsoever, the ATC will disengage to allow pilot control over both of the engines. The ATC is primarily used for landing on a carrier along of the ACLS system.<br />
<br />
=Digital Systems Overview=<br />
----<br />
[[File:displays.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
==Pilot==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat comes with 2 digital display screens in the Pilot cockpit:<br />
* '''Vertical Display Indicator (VDI):''' a multifunction display that allows for the pilot to see their HUD in a form of a repeater, and the [[#Television Camera Set|TCS]].<br />
* '''Horizontal Situation Display Indicator (HSD):''' a multifunction display that allows for the pilot to see their virtual compass for navigation modes, and the [[#AWG-9 Pulse-Doppler Radar|AWG-9 Radar]] from the RIO TID as a repeater.<br />
<br />
===Heads Up Display===<br />
The head-up display (HUD) is a projected display at the front of the cockpit that serves as the primary flight instrument. It also provides various indications for weapon delivery; this section will cover the HUD's indications in NAV master mode. Master mode/weapon-specific indications on the HUD will be covered in the relevant section.<br />
<br />
====Reject Modes====<br />
Via the switches next to the TO button on the displays panel, you are able to "declutter" or remove information off of the HUD.<br />
<br />
==Radar Intercept Officer==<br />
The Radar Intercept Officer (RIO) comes with 3 digital display screens in the RIO cockpit:<br />
* '''Detail Data Display (DDD):''' a dual-purpose display that allows for the RIO to see contacts on the [[#AWG-9 Pulse-Doppler Radar|radar]], based on the range and radar mode.<br />
* '''Tactical Information Display (TID):''' a multi-purpose display that allows for the RIO to see their [[#AWG-9 Pulse-Doppler Radar|AWG-9]] situational awareness, [[#Television Camera Set|TCS]], [[#TARPS Pod|TARPS]] and [[#LANTIRN Targeting Pod|LANTIRN]] pods.<br />
* '''Horizontal Situation Display Indicator (HSD):''' a multi-purpose display as to the one in the pilot cockpit.<br />
<br />
==Master Modes==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat has 5 primarily modes for information displayed. The 5 master modes are:<br />
* '''TO:''' switch. Displays takeoff information on HUD and VDI for degrees.<br />
* '''CRUISE:''' single-purpose button. Displays in-air flight information on HUD and VDI for degrees.<br />
* '''A/A:''' single-purpose button. Displays air-to-air information on HUD and VDI for degrees; and weapon employment.<br />
* '''A/G:''' single-purpose button. Displays air-to-ground information on HUD and VDI for degrees; and weapon employment.<br />
* '''LDG:''' single-purpose button. Displays landing information on HUD and VDI for degrees.<br />
<br />
<br />
Additionally, the F-14 Tomcat has an Air Combat Maneuver (ACM) panel which controls all air-to-air and air-to-ground aspects for armament.<br />
<br />
=Navigation=<br />
----<br />
The F-14 Tomcat has an inertial navigation system (INS) that allows the pilot to navigate by internal gyros aligned. However, due to the fault of having no GPS assistance, these gyros slowly drift over time and cause misalignment for visual information.<br />
<br />
==HSD==<br />
[[File:Hsd.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The Horizontal Situation Display Indicator (HSD) is the primary interface with the airplane's navigation systems. The HSI can be accessed from the bottom display screen. The basic function of the HSI is a rotating compass with a looking-from-above perspective. The controls for this screen are:<br />
# '''BRT Control:''' dial. Controls the brightness of the HSD screen.<br />
# '''HDG Control:''' dial. Controls the heading reference in TACAN mode.<br />
# '''CRS Control:''' dial. Controls the course heading reference in MAN and TACAN modes.<br />
# '''Test Button:''' single-purpose button. Resets the HSD screen if overload protection activates.<br />
# '''BIT Indicator:''' light. Shows a white light if a failure produces in the HSD.<br />
<br />
=== Steering Commands ===<br />
The HSD comes with a set of 5 different steering commands, which each have their own purpose towards displaying certain information:<br />
* '''TACAN:''' single-purpose button. Displays information based off of a radio beacon with range and direction.<br />
* '''DEST:''' single-purpose button. Displays information off of a selected waypoint from the RIO with range and direction.<br />
* '''AWL/PCD:''' single-purpose button. Displays information off of an ICLS frequency with azimuth and elevation bars (on VDI and HUD)<br />
* '''VEC:''' single-purpose button. ? (needs more info.)<br />
* '''MAN:''' single-purpose button. Displays information off of an entered heading (HDG Control) with direction.<br />
<br />
==Waypoints==<br />
The F-14B comes with an onboard flight computer system that handles waypoint navigation during in-air flight. The navigation system in the F-14B Tomcat gives a variety of waypoint holders, along with information for a set home plate.<br />
<br />
===Pilot===<br />
For the F-14B pilot, the waypoint information is able to be accessed by the DEST steering command and by using the NAV HSD display mode.<br />
<br />
===Radar Intercept Officer===<br />
For the F-14B Radar Intercept Officer, (RIO) the waypoints must be manually assigned by the RIO through the Computer Address Panel (CAP) system under the TAC DATA category. Once done, the waypoint must be selected through the CAP and entered in with coordinates similar to how INS alignment procedures are done.<br />
<br />
==TACAN==<br />
Tactical Air Navigation (TACAN) is a military radio navigation system. A TACAN beacon allows for an aircraft to determine its bearing and range from it, and using this information can navigate. TACAN's may be ground-based or be broadcasted by an airplane. TACAN channels have two bands, X and Y, and range from 1-126. 2 TACAN channels may be set present in the aircraft by both the Pilot and RIO for simultaneous use.<br />
<br />
The TACAN setting knobs give a range of these options:<br />
*'''T/R:''' Transmit and receive. Gets bearing and range from the TACAN.<br />
*'''RCV:''' Receive. Gets bearing from the TACAN.<br />
*'''A/A:''' Air-to-air TACAN mode.<br />
*'''X:''' Tunes the selected frequency on the X band.<br />
*'''Y:''' Tunes the selected frequency on the Y band.<br />
<br />
==ICLS==<br />
For night and low visibility operations, aircraft carriers have an Instrument Carrier Landing System (ICLS) to allow for instrument approaches to the carrier. ICLS provides horizontal and vertical guidance. The F-14 is equipped with ICLS.<br />
<br />
To activate the airplane's ICLS antenna, an ICLS dial is present to the right of the warning lights advisory panel, with an ARA on/off switch, used to toggle power to the system.<br />
<br />
When ILS is selected on the HSI, two bars, one horizontal and one vertical, appear near the velocity vector on the HUD. These indicate a vertical and horizontal deviation from the optimal glideslope (3°) and course to the deck. When they are both aligned with the velocity vector (making a "+"), the aircraft is on course.<br />
<br />
==ACLS==<br />
For CAT III conditions and poor visibility, the F-14 is equipped with the Automatic Carrier Landing System (ACLS) to allow an automatic flight to the carrier via. a radio-guided input from a Landing Signal Officer. (LSO) The auto-throttle and autopilot systems must be engaged and present during the time of activation with this system, along with lights given to the left of the VDI display.<br />
<br />
Datalink is required between the aircraft and the carrier in order for ACLS to work. When the best position of the azimuth and glideslope bars are within parameters, the nosewheel steering button is pressed in order to engage guidance.<br />
<br />
==Navigation Failures==<br />
The F-14B has a variety of navigation failures that may/can occur, including methods to fix them.<br />
<br />
===Navigation Fix Update===<br />
An error of latitude or longitude in the computer position of the aircraft can be corrected by a navigation fix update. Updating is especially important in the backup modes (AHRS AM and IMU/ AM) because of the estimated winds and magnetic variation changes. A nav fix is done via a ground-reference-point (latitude and longitude) position. The range and bearing of this position to the present aircraft position are used to update or correct existing values. The nav system may be updated by either a radar fix, a TACAN fix, or a visual fix.<br />
<br />
Before performing a nav fix, the latitude and longitude of the desired update point (radar, TACAN, or visual) must be stored in one of eight navigation point locations (three WPs, FIX PT, HOME BASE, HOST AREA, DEF PT, and IP). This data can be stored prior to flight by data link or by manual insertion. Then follow these steps:<br />
<br />
# Hook the Waypoint you choose to select for the nav fix.<br />
# Check the stored latitude and longitude on the TID.<br />
# Rotate the CATEGORY switch to NAV and select the desired type of update.<br />
<br />
<br />
Note that updating the position while in INS, and to a lesser degree while in IMU, can introduce a greater navigational position error than already present, in particular, if radar fix is used to update the nav system. Updates with a visual or TACAN fix provide reasonable accuracy (assuming a good MAG VAR during TACAN updates). Updating your nav system via a nav fix should be primarily used in the AHRS mode.<br />
<br />
===Radar Fix Update===<br />
An RDR FIX may be selected before or after positioning the DDD cursors. If the RDR FIX button is depressed, the computer computes the present position of the aircraft by measuring the range and bearing from the selected point. The delta between the computer position and the position determined by the INS is then displayed on the TID. If the entry of this delta into the navigation computations is desired, press the FIX ENABLE button. If the delta does not appear to be correct, the computer and the readout can be cleared by pressing the RDR FIX button. The fix may then be attempted again. The RIO should also perform periodic checks of own aircraft system altitude and update the altitude if necessary.<br />
<br />
Radar updating is performed as follows:<br />
<br />
# TID CURSOR/CAP - Hook Desired Navigation Point for Update.<br />
# PULSE SRCH button - Depress.<br />
# On sensor control panel: STAB switch - IN. EL BARS switch - 1. AZ SCAN switch - As Desired.<br />
# RDR FIX button - Depress.<br />
# DDD CURSOR button - Depress.<br />
# Action switch - Half Action (first detent).<br />
# Cursor is displayed on DDD.<br />
# Manipulate hand control DDD cursor over desired ground map point.<br />
# Action switch - Full Action and Release. (This will cause the DDD cursor to remain at the selected position.<br />
# Observe the delta for LAT and LONG on TID.<br />
# If readouts are unsatisfactory, deselect RDR FIX and repeat steps 4 through 12.<br />
# FIX ENABLE button - Depress.<br />
<br />
===TACAN Update===<br />
To perform a nav fix by TACAN requires that a restored waypoint shares identical LAT and LONG values with the TACAN station that will be used for the fix. Select the TACAN channel for the desired station and verify by listening to the coded identifier tone in the headset.<br />
<br />
Press the TACAN FIX button to update the aircraft position from a TACAN station. The WCS computer then calculates the own aircraft position error based on the range and bearing from the TACAN station. The delta is then entered in the same manner as with a radar fix.<br />
<br />
Perform a TACAN fix following these steps:<br />
<br />
# Select a TACAN channel whose latitude and longitude correspond to an update point.<br />
# Hook desired update point (WAYPT 1, FIX PT, HOME BASE, etc.).<br />
# CATEGORY switch - NAV.<br />
# TACAN FIX button - Depress.<br />
# Observe present position delta readout.<br />
# If delta is unsatisfactory, deselect TACAN FIX and repeat steps 2 through 7.<br />
# FIX ENABLE button - Depress.<br />
<br />
===Visual Update===<br />
To perform a visual fix, fly over a restored waypoint and press the VIS FIX button. Estimate your timing, because the aircraft nose and fuselage can obscure the fixed point during an overflight. It is also difficult to estimate when directly overhead a waypoint if the aircraft altitude is greater than 10.000 feet. The delta for the visual fix is displayed on the TID. Enter the delta by pressing FIX ENABLE.<br />
<br />
To perform a visual fix use the following steps:<br />
<br />
# Hook desired update point (WAY PT, HB, IP, etc.).<br />
# Select NAV category on CAP.<br />
# Overfly the selected restored point and when over the point, depress the VIS FIX button on the cap.<br />
# If the delta is not satisfactory, press VIS FIX again to clear the delta and repeat from step 1.<br />
# If a satisfactory delta is displayed, depress the FIX ENABLE button; this causes the delta correction of own-aircraft position to be inserted into the computer.<br />
<br />
===Datalink Update===<br />
To perform a data link update of the aircraft INS to the TDS frame of reference, the aircraft and TDS must share a prebriefed waypoint, identical in latitude and longitude. Enter this LAT/LONG data into the HOST AREA pseudo target file. The TDS will uplink the common reference point as a data link waypoint. When the aircraft and TDS INS systems agree, the data link waypoint and host area symbols will be superimposed on the TID. If they drift apart, the two pseudo targets on the TID will drift as well.<br />
<br />
To perform an update via data link, use the following steps:<br />
<br />
# Hook data link waypoint corresponding prebriefed reference point.<br />
# Select NAV category on CAP.<br />
# Overfly the hooked data link waypoint. When immediately over the point, press VIS FIX button on CAP.<br />
# Observe delta LAT and LONG on TID.<br />
# If deltas are satisfactory and update is desired, depress FIX ENABLE.<br />
# After a data link update, HOST AREA and data link waypoint should be superimposed on the TID again.<br />
<br />
===Fighter-to-Fighter Navigation Update===<br />
Net aircraft that use fighter-to-fighter data link can update their navigation system in the FF/DL mode. To update LAT/LONG hook the net aircraft symbol of an aircraft that is in close proximity and select F/F NAV UPDATE on the CAP. This will enter the hooked aircraft’s coordinates into the INS as own-aircraft coordinates. To update the nav system on an aircraft that is not close, first obtain a radar STT on that aircraft, hook the STT-ed aircraft on the TID and then press F/F NAV UPDATE on the CAP.<br />
<br />
=Defensive Systems=<br />
----<br />
The F-14B is equipped with various defensive systems: the AN/ALE-39 Countermeasure Dispensing System (CMDS), for the release of chaff and flares, the AN/ALQ-126 Deception ECM (DECM), for jamming enemy radar, and the AN/ALR-67 Radar Warning Reciever (RWR), for detection of enemy radar emitters and missile launches.<br />
<br />
==AN/ALR-67 RWR==<br />
[[File:alr-67.png|thumb|400px]]<br />
The AN/ALR-67 Radar Warning Receiver (RWR) provides the Hornet the ability to detect radars via the radio/microwave radiation they emit.<br />
<br />
===Audio Tones===<br />
Accompanying the RWR are various audio feedback tones:<br />
*'''Single Beep:''' A new ground- or sea-based emitter has been detected.<br />
*'''Double Beep:''' A new airborne emitter has been detected.<br />
*'''Repeating Beep:''' An emitter is tracking.<br />
*'''Faster Repeating Beep:''' An emitter is guiding a missile or is a missile.<br />
<br />
<br />
On the RWR gauge, the RWR knob will control the volume of the RWR tones.<br />
<br />
===Emitter Identifiers===<br />
''This list is, at present, not complete.''<br />
{|class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"<br />
!Type<br />
!RWR ID<br />
|-<br />
|U<br />
|Unknown<br />
|-<br />
|M<br />
|Active radar-homing missile<br />
|-<br />
|S<br />
|Search radar<br />
|-<br />
|3<br />
|SA-3 "Goa"<br />
|-<br />
|6<br />
|SA-6 "Gainful"<br />
|-<br />
|8<br />
|SA-8 "Gecko"<br />
|-<br />
|10<br />
|SA-10 "Grumble"<br />
|-<br />
|11<br />
|SA-11 "Gadfly"<br />
|-<br />
|11<br />
|F-111 Aardvark<br />
|-<br />
|12<br />
|SA-12 "Gladiator"<br />
|-<br />
|13<br />
|SA-13 "Gopher"<br />
|-<br />
|13<br />
|C-130 Hercules<br />
|-<br />
|14<br />
|F-14 Tomcat<br />
|-<br />
|15<br />
|F-15 Eagle<br />
|-<br />
|15 <br />
|SA-15 "Gauntlet"<br />
|-<br />
|16<br />
|F-16 Fighting Falcon<br />
|-<br />
|17<br />
|C-17 Globemaster III<br />
|-<br />
|18<br />
|F/A-18 Hornet<br />
|-<br />
|22<br />
|Tu-22 "Blinder"<br />
|-<br />
|23<br />
|MiG-23 "Flogger"<br />
|-<br />
|24<br />
|Su-24 "Fencer"<br />
|-<br />
|25<br />
|MiG-25 "Foxbat"<br />
|-<br />
|29<br />
|MiG-29 "Fulcrum"<br />
|-<br />
|29<br />
|Su-27 "Flanker"<br />
|-<br />
|29<br />
|Su-33 "Flanker-D"<br />
|-<br />
|30<br />
|Su-30 "Flanker-C"<br />
|-<br />
|31<br />
|MiG-31 "Foxhound"<br />
|-<br />
|34<br />
|Su-34 "Fullback"<br />
|-<br />
|39<br />
|Su-25M "Frogfoot"<br />
|-<br />
|40<br />
|''Spruance''-class destroyer<br />
|-<br />
|48<br />
|''Nimitz''-class carrier<br />
|-<br />
|49<br />
|''Oliver Hazard Perry''-class frigate<br />
|-<br />
|50<br />
|A-50 "Mainstay"<br />
|-<br />
|52<br />
|B-52 Stratofortress<br />
|-<br />
|76<br />
|IL-76 "Candid"<br />
|-<br />
|78<br />
|IL-78 "Midas"<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==AN/ALE-39 CMDS==<br />
[[File:f14 cms.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The AN/ALE-39 is the countermeasures dispensing set installed in the F-14B in this simulation. It controls its own set of launchers located between the engine nozzles on the underside of the so-called beaver-tail. The launchers each have two sections, one containing 10 cartridges and the other 20. They are referred to the left and right dispensers even though the left is really the front one and the right the back one with both being mounted inline on the left side of the tailhook. This is a remnant from the earliest model F-14s carrying the AN/ALE-29.<br />
<br />
This all sums up to a capacity of 60 cartridges in the system with each section necessarily holding one type of cartridges meaning that any combination of cartridges is possible as long as each type’s quantity is a multiple of 10. The system itself has no real knowledge of what is loaded where so incorrectly programming the system can lead to the wrong type of cartridge being ejected.<br />
<br />
===Cockpit Controls===<br />
The system itself can be operated manually from the control panel in the RIO pit or the DLC thumbwheel on the pilot stick when the flaps lever is in the up position. It is also capable of running programmed sequences of ejection which in turn can be initiated manually by the RIO from the control panel or the direction hats mounted on the handhold over the DDD. In addition, the AN/ALR-67 can also initiate the chaff ejection program if set up correctly on the AN/ALE-39 control panel.<br />
<br />
==AN/ALQ-126 DECM==<br />
The AN/ALQ-126 deception jammer is designed to detect radar threats, analyze them, select the optimum countermeasure technique available and apply it. Available techniques for jamming are amongst others, main lobe blanking, inverse con-scan, range-gate pull-off and swept square modes. In DCS this is modeled as a simple noise jammer due to engine limitations but controlled by the DECM logic as to when it’s on or off.<br />
<br />
===Cockpit Controls===<br />
The controls for the AN/ALQ-126 DECM are all located on the right horizontal panel in the RIO pit, the panel as the image above. In addition, there are two indication lights co-located with the RWR threat indicators on the right side of the TID. The mode selector knob controls power and operational mode that the system is in. The modes for the DECM are as follows:<br />
<br />
* '''OFF:''' turns off power to the system. STBY begins pre-warming of the system, taking in all-around 5 minutes.<br />
* '''TEST HOLD 3 SEC:''' is used to prepare the system for BIT, after 3 seconds in this mode, turn the knob to TEST - ACT.<br />
* '''TEST ACT:''' starts the BIT in the system. The BIT takes approximately 30 seconds and the RCV light will be illuminated the whole time while the XMIT light will flash twice. If the STANDBY light illuminates it indicates that a no-go condition exists in the system.<br />
* '''REC:''' enables the system to receive the only mode, enabling analyzation of threats and also the threat audio.<br />
* '''RPT:''' enables full system functionality, in addition to REC it also now tries to jam threats according to the selected method.<br />
<br />
=Television Camera Set=<br />
----<br />
[[File:tcs_symbology.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The F-14B is outfitted with the ALQ-100 Television Camera Set (TCS) pod, used for visually identifying aircraft during the time of which IFF was not a trusted/more inferior method to confirming hostile aircraft and to keep track of their position, as well as their living status.<br />
<br />
==Symbology==<br />
On the TID, in non-TV mode, a TCS track is indicated by a 1.5” strobe at TCS LOS azimuth with a hollow circle at the end.<br />
<br />
The symbology on the video feed from the TCS has indicators for the FOV and two crosshairs indicating TCS LOS relative own aircraft, GACH, and AN/AWG-9 radar LOS relative TCS LOS, RACH. Additionally, the track window is indicated by 4 small squares representing each corner of that window.<br />
<br />
The gimbal angle crosshairs or GACH, which is a solid cross, indicate deflection of the TCS LOS from the aircraft datum line, ADL. GACH crosshair in the center indicates TCS LOS along ADL and deflection towards the edges indicate deflection towards the gimbal limits with the video edges being maximum deflection.<br />
<br />
RACH or radar angle crosshairs, a dashed crosshair, indicate radar antenna LOS when inside the current TCS FOV. When the sensors slave to one another RACH and GACH will coincide creating a single solid crosshair.<br />
<br />
The track window indicates the area that the TCS contrast tracker is currently locked on to if it has acquired a target. When not in an active track these squares collapse into the center of the display being 2% of the screen width when in manual mode and 5% when in an auto mode.<br />
<br />
=LANTIRN Targeting Pod=<br />
----<br />
[[File:flir.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The F-14B can carry the AN/AAQ-14 Low Altitude Navigation and Targeting Infrared For Night (LANTIRN) targeting pod. This pod consists of a Forward-Looking Infrared (FLIR) camera (which also includes a digital charged coupled device camera) for target locating and observing, a Laser Target Designator/Ranger for firing a laser that both designates targets for laser-homing weapons and gathers ranging information for designating whatever the FLIR is pointed at as an air-to-ground, and a Laser Spot Tracker (LST) which can search for and track a laser, allowing for the FLIR to be cued onto an offboard (ground or air-designated) laser from another unit and then designate a Target off said point; this allows for most effective buddy-lasing. The targeting pod can be used in both air-to-ground and air-to-air functions, but the LTD/R and LST are only used for A/G operation.<br />
<br />
==Symbology==<br />
The following areas on the LANTIRN are to represent:<br />
# '''A/C Position Data:''' Displays aircraft LAT/LON, altitude, and groundspeed information.<br />
# '''LANTIRN Polarity:''' Displays white or hot background. AGC is for automatic gain control, MGC is for manual gain control.<br />
# '''LANTIRN Information:''' Gives general information on the pod. SR is for slant range, AZ/EL for azimuth/elevation of sight, and rest is UTC time.<br />
# '''LANTIRN Track Mode:''' Displays the current tracking mode. A/A is for air-to-air, A/G is for air-to-ground. Right side is for current selected weapon.<br />
# '''Track Data:''' Displays information of LAT/LON and altitude of where the sight is at.<br />
# '''Track:''' Displays the hairs for point and area track, and what the sight is directly pointed at.<br />
# '''Launch Envelopes:''' The top tape is for the heading relative of the aircraft to the track. The right side tape is for the release point.<br />
<br />
=TARPS Pod=<br />
----<br />
Not yet implemented.<br />
<br />
=Air-to-Air Radar=<br />
----<br />
==Detail Data Display==<br />
[[File:f14 ddd.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
Among the 3 digital displays, the Detail Data Display gives the RIO information about contacts from the AWG-9 radar in terms of range and radar mode, with respect to the notch filter.<br />
<br />
===Notch Filter===<br />
The AWG-9 radar in the F-14B Tomcat has a notch filter when using the pulse-doppler radar modes under certain conditions. These conditions include, but are not limited to:<br />
<br />
* ~100 knot difference of the aircraft relative to contact<br />
* Contact flying 90 degrees perpendicular CW/CCW to aircraft<br />
* Masking with ground terrain scan return<br />
<br />
<br />
There is a rough line shown in the radar modes, likewise of the jamming lobe, for when considering the notch filter that the contact will disappear from.<br />
<br />
==Tactical Information Display==<br />
[[File:f14 tid.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The Tactical Information Display (TID) gives the RIO of the F-14B the main information on the AWG-9 radar, including situational awareness, range, altitude, and contact heading.<br />
<br />
===Display Modes===<br />
The TID comes with a total of 8 display modes available, that can be toggled either on or off for purposes of gathering more information or decluttering:<br />
<br />
* '''RID DISABLE:''' ? needs more info. Not yet implemented.<br />
* '''ALT NUM:''' Displays the altitude of contact with a singular digit rounded to the nearest thousand.<br />
* '''SYM ELEM:''' Displays the symbology of contacts corresponding to HAFU.<br />
* '''DATA LINK:''' Displays contacts from the datalink frequency.<br />
* '''JAM STROBE:''' Displays the jamming strobes. Not yet implemented.<br />
* '''NON-ATTK:''' Displays determined (manual IFF or datalink) HAFU of friendly contacts.<br />
* '''VEL VECTOR:''' Displays the velocity vectors of contacts.<br />
* '''LAUNCH ZONE:''' Displays contact approximate missile launch zones.<br />
<br />
==AN/AWG-9 Radar==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat is equipped with the AN/AWG-9 all-weather and pulse-doppler radar. It is a very long-range radar used for the main purpose of intercept.<br />
<br />
===Radar Modes===<br />
The AWG-9 in the F-14B comes with 2 types of radar modes: doppler and pulse-doppler search. Of those two, subsets are able to be observed as 5 in this list:<br />
<br />
* '''PD SRCH:''' Pulse-Doppler Search mode. No bias factor of the radar, but impedes to pulse-doppler methods.<br />
* '''PD STT:''' Pulse-Doppler Single Target Track mode. By default upon acquiring a lock with the AWG-9, the radar will move to this function mode. It is currently suspectable to the notch filter.<br />
* '''RWS:''' Range While Search mode. The radar will prioritize the range of targets but not other factors. Falls under pulse-doppler.<br />
* '''TWS MAN:''' Track While Scan - Manual mode. The radar will prioritize the situational awareness of other targets but not give information on every target. The radar will also prioritize targets by threat importance.<br />
* '''TWS AUTO:''' Track While Scan - Auto mode. The radar will perform the same as TWS Man, but the elevation and azimuth controls will be automated in the process for an optimal scan.<br />
* '''PULSE SRCH:''' Pulse Search mode. No bias factor of the radar and can not be impeded to the notch filter, unlike the pulse-doppler method. The radar will, however, output a return of everything that is scanned and requires tuning.<br />
* '''PULSE STT:''' Pulse Single Target Track mode. Performing similarly to Pulse Search mode, this function mode applies to only a single target and is not suspectable to the notch filter.<br />
<br />
====Pulse-Doppler Search Mode====<br />
[[File:f14 pulsedoppler.png|thumb|350px]]<br />
The pulse-doppler search mode is used mainly as a kind of early warning mode. It is the search mode with the greatest detection range but it can display no range to the RIO, only closure rate. For this reason, the TID can display no track information.<br />
<br />
====Pulse-Doppler STT Mode====<br />
[[File:f14 pdstt.png|thumb|350px]]<br />
The pulse-doppler STT works and looks much like the pulse STT mode. It does, however, have the same advantages and disadvantages compared to pulse STT as the other pulse-doppler modes compared to the pulse modes. This means that while much better at tracking a target close to the ground it is however vulnerable to notching.<br />
<br />
The DDD display for pulse-doppler STT looks like pulse STT display except that the target return and antenna azimuth display are moved to the left side of the screen and a generated synthetic target marker is displayed at the correct azimuth instead. This is so that the targets range can be displayed by the synthetic target, unlike the other pulse-doppler modes which only shows closure rate. The other symbology on the DDD in this mode are the same as in pulse STT.<br />
<br />
====Range While Search Mode====<br />
In range while search, a frequency measuring ranging mode is added (FM ranging) to allow the radar to measure the range of tracked targets in addition to closure rate. This additional processing does, however, mean that the effective range of the radar is somewhat lesser. The display on the DDD is the same as in pulse-doppler search, the TID however also shows tracks in this mode showing the targets as tracks momentarily as they’re scanned and displaying their position and altitude. <br />
<br />
The targets are shown for a maximum of two seconds or until the antenna again scans the same bar at the same azimuth at which time it is removed unless detected again. The maximum number of concurrently shown tracks are 48.<br />
<br />
====TWS Manual Mode====<br />
The track, while scan mode uses the same FM ranging as RWS with the same reduction in range compared to pulse-doppler search and the DDD display, is also the same. The main difference that the computer establishes track files and tracks up to 24 targets concurrently of which 18 can be shown on the TID at any given time.<br />
<br />
As the computer routine calculating these tracks need a set track refresh time of 2 seconds this limits available azimuth scan area and bar settings to either 20° 4 bars or 40° 2 bars. When entering TWS the computer automatically selects the ±20° 4 bar scan disregarding the RIO set scan volumes unless those are set to ±40° 2 bars in which case that is used instead.<br />
<br />
The TWS mode is also the only mode enabling guidance of the AIM-54 at multiple targets (up to six), and as soon as engageable targets are detected the computer starts assigning them a missile priority number according to optimal missile firing sequence.<br />
<br />
====TWS Auto Mode====<br />
Performing similarly to TWS Man mode, what differs between the two is that in TWS auto the computer takes control of used scan volume and scan pattern azimuth and elevation as soon as target tracks are present. The WCS computer automatically tries to optimize the scan volume and direction so that tracking of the prioritized targets is maximized. If not selected before launch the WCS overrides as soon as the first AIM-54 is launched and selects TWS Auto.<br />
<br />
====Pulse Search Mode====<br />
[[File:f14 pulse.png|thumb|350px]]<br />
Pulse search is used to search for and find airborne targets at range. It is possible to use this radar mode as a basic ground mapper as well which can be useful for navigation and navigational fixes and can also be used in a pinch to detect larger surface targets like ships. Keep in mind though that the radar is not built with this as its main function and that a real air-to-ground radar will outperform it handily.<br />
<br />
In this mode, the radar cannot by itself differentiate targets and generate tracks meaning that the WCS will not generate track files and display anything on the TID. This also means that pulse search is not capable of guiding missiles.<br />
<br />
====Pulse STT Mode====<br />
[[File:f14 pstt.png|thumb|350px]]<br />
Pulse STT is used to track a single target, like pulse search mode it is not susceptible to notching but it is to ground clutter. The fact that the STT modes use gates to track the target, in this case, range gates, means that it is less susceptible to ground clutter but a target close enough to the ground that the ground return enters the range gates would be likely to shake the lock.<br />
<br />
As it is only in the pulse-doppler modes that the missile guidance commands can be sent pulse STT is limited to launching AIM-7s in CW mode and AIM-54s in an active launch mode limiting their ranges. At short ranges, ACM ranges, it is possible to use the ASPECT switch to set what aspect of the target to track, this is just to counter different types of countermeasures. As an example, if set to NOSE the radar will be less susceptible to chaff as the radar weights its track towards the targets leading-edge (nose) away from the chaff being launched behind the target.<br />
<br />
A successful track is indicated by the ANT TRK and RDROT indicator lights on the DDD, meaning that the antenna is tracking the target and that the target is within the range gates. If the target is jamming with sufficient strength, negating a range track, the radar will transition to a jam angle track instead, indicated by the JAT indicator light on the DDD illuminating instead of the RDROT. When range tracking is again possible at closer ranges the radar will transition to that instead.<br />
<br />
The DDD in this mode will be similar to the pulse search mode but the antenna will be locked onto the target and not scan. Additionally, the DDD will show the range gates around the target, a closing rate symbol at the right scale and applicable attack symbology if a valid missile is selected.<br />
<br />
===Anti-Jamming Modes===<br />
Not yet implemented.<br />
<br />
===AN/APX-76 IFF Interrogator===<br />
The AN/APX-76 IFF (Identification Friend or Foe) interrogator is integrated into the AN/AWG-9 operation. Then interrogator antenna itself is located on the AN/AWG-9 antenna gimbal platform. An IFF system works by sending out an interrogation pulse and then listening for returns from cooperating transponders. In addition to the unencrypted civilian mode the AN/APX-76 is capable of interrogating in the encrypted military mode 4. This ensures that targets replying to mode 4 interrogations are indeed friendly. The AN/APX-76 can be used both in search radar modes and in STT radar modes. To enable interrogation the IFF switch is depressed on the Detail Data Display Panel which then activates the interrogator for as long as the button is held up to 10 seconds max.<br />
<br />
When enabled IFF received IFF returns are then overlaid on the normal AN/AWG-9 radar returns on the DDD. A friendly target will be indicated with two bars, one above and one below the normal radar return. As the AN/APX-76 is a separate radar, secondary mode, radar apart from the AWG-9 the IFF can sometimes also detect targets not detected by the AWG-9. In this case the IFF return will not have a radar echo inside it. In the search mode this is overlaid over each target replying and in STT over the STT target. Additionally, if the STT target is hooked on the TID the DDD will switch from normal range display to a ±10 NM display to enable display of multiple returns in case of closely grouped targets.<br />
<br />
==HAFU/Datalink==<br />
[[File:HAFU.png|right|80px]]<br />
Hostile, Ambiguous, Friendly or Unknown (HAFU) is a symbology system used by the F/A-18 to represent trackfiles; specifically, to show its status as a friendly or hostile. It is usually what trackfiles are displayed as across the software.<br />
<br />
There are four HAFU symbols:<br />
*'''Triangle:''' Hostile (red when colored)<br />
*'''Thick Staple:''' Ambiguous (yellow when colored)<br />
*'''Half-Circle:''' Friendly (green when colored)<br />
*'''Thin Staple:''' Unknown (yellow when colored)<br />
<br />
<br />
All types except ambiguous can be manually assigned via the [[#SA Format|Situational Awareness]] format. Tracks will also be automatically identified as explained below.<br />
<br />
A hostile HAFU will be assigned whenever:<br />
* A negative IFF response is returned, and<br />
** An NCTR print returns with an aircraft type that is on the hostile coalition; or<br />
** A SURV (surveillance, like an AWACS) source over datalink also marks it hostile; or<br />
** A F/F (fighter-fighter, like another F/A-18) source over datalink also marks it hostile.<br />
<br />
<br />
An ambiguous HAFU will be assigned when the aircraft and a donor have conflicting identifications (friendly and hostile).<br />
<br />
A friendly HAFU will be assigned whenever an IFF interrogation returns as friendly or the track itself is contributed to by the Precise Participant Location and Identification (PPLI) system.<br />
<br />
An unknown HAFU will be assigned by default until it is updated by meeting one of the requirements above.<br />
<br />
=Air-to-Air Weapons=<br />
----<br />
This area will cover over all the different air-to-air weapons brought with the F-14B Tomcat.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Air Gun==<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Air Missiles==<br />
===AIM-54 Phoenix===<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
====AIM-54A Mk.60====<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
====AIM-54C Mk.47====<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
===AIM-7 Sparrow===<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
===AIM-9 Sidewinder===<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
=Resources=<br />
----<br />
==Manuals & Documents==<br />
* [https://info.publicintelligence.net/F14AAP-1B.pdf F-14B NATOPS Pocket Checklist]<br />
* [http://www.heatblur.se/F-14Manual/ Heatblur F-14 Manual]<br />
<br />
==Heatblur's Videos==<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q1o7E9pb95Y Episode 1: Overview]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OO3IdQjAdDA Episode 2: Pilot's Cockpit Walkaround]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ws1GxPG2ZXw Episode 3: Cold And Dark (Full Startup)]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kgpGO7fj4oU Episode 4: The RIO's Office]<br />
<br />
==Jabbers' Tutorial Videos==<br />
(They're good!)<br />
<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2qwlJs__iYk Pilot - Startup/Taxi/Takeoff with JESTER AI]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b5opjCygZug Pilot - Maneuvering and Flight Characteristics]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f4y2oZ-7rM8 Pilot - Air-to-Air Refueling]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ujk4hL_EnUc Pilot - ACM - Radar Acquisition Modes]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wftck0C3fJ8 Pilot - Weapons - Zuni Rockets with JESTER AI]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4m-Q02gxFEA Pilot - Weapons - AIM-9 Sidewinder]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SWeHtpJ00JI RIO - Startup]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r4-Dd4ss2Rc RIO - AWG-9 Radar]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YG7sWweg2RQ RIO - IFF Interrogation]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2q-bHFyTEr8 Overview - AIM-54C Mk.47 Phoenix - Tacview Debrief]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PyAQpqVhtBY Overview - AIM-54A Mk.60 Phoenix - Tacview Debrief]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4groy-_Bxfk Quick Tips - AIM-54 Phoenix]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Is3AtOX-abw Quick Tips - Bombing]</div>Siriushttps://wiki.hoggitworld.com/index.php?title=F-14A/B&diff=10574F-14A/B2019-09-03T02:41:20Z<p>Sirius: /* AIM-7 Sparrow */</p>
<hr />
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{{ModuleInfo<br />
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<br />
''Credits to Jak for having the [[F/A-18C]] page serve as a guide and filler content on related systems.''<br />
<br />
The Grumman '''F-14A/B''' Tomcat is a two-seat, twin-engine supersonic variable wing-sweep fighter aircraft. The F-14 was the first US fighter jet with twin tails and was the largest & heaviest US fighter to ever fly from an aircraft carrier. The reason that the F-14 was so incredibly large and heavy was that it carried the large AWG-9 radar and accompanying AIM-54 Phoenix (air-to-air) missiles: this very capable combination allowed the F-14 to make shots of up to 200 nautical miles at the bad guys. Also, being big means you can carry a lot of fuel!<br />
<br />
Of course, the practical range of the AWG-9 is rather more limited, especially if you are shooting at more maneuverable fighter-sized targets, but even at these closer ranges, the AIM-54 Phoenix is still a capable missile that should not be underestimated. The F-14 is also capable of carrying an array of air-to-ground weapons, such as dumb bombs in both high and low drag forms, air-to-ground Zuni rockets and even laser-guided bombs, which can be self-designated using the LANTIRN targeting pod on the F-14.<br />
<br />
Most people will recognize and adore the F-14 because of its stardom presence in that one weird volleyball movie from the '80s. Its on-screen presence in movies will make the F-14 to appear docile and easy to fly, but due to lack of a fly-by-wire the F-14 can be a real handful: it being a pilot's aircraft however makes it fun to fly and learn. The analogous nature of the F-14 (comparable to the F-5E II Tigershark) will give you a good knowledge of the airplane over time but requires a bit of a different mindset that the computerized flight of the F/A-18C and the F-15.<br />
<br />
__TOC__<br />
<br />
=Weapons List=<br />
----<br />
==Implemented==<br />
Partially or fully implemented weapons of the F14/A/B Tomcat:<br />
* M61 Vulcan Six-Barreled Gatling Gun<br />
* AIM-7M/F Sparrow<br />
* CAP/AIM-9M Sidewinder<br />
* AIM-54A Phoenix Mk. 60<br />
* AIM-54C Phoenix Mk. 47<br />
* Mk-81, 82, 83, and 84 <br />
* GBU-10, 12, 16, and 24 <br />
* MK-20 Rockeye<br />
* Zuni Rockets<br />
* BDU-33 Practice Bombs<br />
* ADM-141 TALD<br />
* LUU-2 Parachute Flare<br />
* Smokewinder<br />
* LANTIRN Pod<br />
* FPU-1 Fuel Tank<br />
<br />
==Planned==<br />
Weapons not yet implemented into the Tomcat:<br />
* TARPS Pod<br />
<br />
=Hands On Throttle And Stick (HOTAS)=<br />
----<br />
==Throttle==<br />
[[File:throttle.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The throttle of the F-14 Tomcat consists of 2 quadrants, both for the left and right engines. There is an afterburner detent along with a cutoff detent for maximum throttle and shutdown of the engine for each quadrant.<br />
<br />
The throttle has the following controls:<br />
# '''Speed Brake Switch:''' 2-position switch. "EXT" is a momentary and needed input position that extends the speed brake outward depending on the aircraft speed.<br />
# '''Wing Sweep Switch:''' 4-way hat switch. "AUTO" sets the wing to sweep automatically determined by an onboard computer, "BOMB" sets the wing to sweep in an angled position between fully extended and retracted and dependent on speed for the air-to-ground bombing.<br />
# '''PLM Button:''' multifunction button. When the steering command is in A2A mode, this acts as a pilot lock-on tool for the AWG-9 radar. But when used for landing and/or in the LDG steering command mode, this allows for disengagement of the ACLS.<br />
# '''CAGE/SEAM Button:''' multifunction button. When the steering command is in A2A mode, this allows for CAGE/SEAM lock-on of the AIM-9 Sidewinder. But when used for landing and/or in the LDG steering command mode, this allows for disengagement of the APC.<br />
# '''Exterior Light Switch:''' 2-position switch. Used to toggle the exterior lights of the aircraft.<br />
# '''ICS PTT Switch:''' 2-position switch. Acts as a push-to-talk system for the ICS system inside of the aircraft used between the Pilot and RIO. (or JESTER AI)<br />
<br />
==Control Stick==<br />
[[File:stick.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The control stick is located in the center of the cockpit, mounted onto the floor. Left and right movements of the control stick direct hydraulic movement to the spoilers and horizontal stabilizers of the aircraft. Forward and backward movement result to respectively the same but to the horizontal stabilizers.<br />
<br />
The control stick has the following controls:<br />
# '''Bomb Release Button:''' single-purpose button. When pressed in A2G steering command mode, all pylons selected with bombs will release respective of the ripple settings, type, and interval.<br />
# '''Trim Hat:''' 4-way hat switch. Upward movement moves the aircraft downward, and downward movement moves the aircraft upward. Both left and right movements follow to their directions according to their name.<br />
# '''Weapon Select Hat:''' 4-way hat switch. Bottom selection is OFF, and a ridge requires a momentary push action to move in/out of to GUN. Following all to the top are SW, then SP/PH which requires a momentary push action to switch between.<br />
# '''DLC & Maneuver Flap Command Wheel:''' scrollable dial. Moving it with the landing gears fully deployed acts as a variable control for spoiler extension. With the landing gears up, the dial also acts the same but for flaps and slats.<br />
# '''DLC Engage/Disengage & CMS Dispense Button:''' multifunction button. When pressed with the landing gears fully deployed, this controls the engagement and disengagement of the DLC system. But with the landing gears fully retracted, this allows for pilot control of the CMS system.<br />
# '''Autopilot Reference & NWS Button:''' multifunction button. When the aircraft is up in the air, this controls specific autopilot settings. But when the aircraft is on the ground, this controls the activation of the nosewheel steering system.<br />
# '''Autopilot Emergency Disengage Paddle:''' multifunction button. Disengages all autopilot modes and DLC and releases all autopilot switches and roll and pitch SAS switches to OFF position.<br />
# '''Weapon Firing Trigger:''' two-stage trigger switch. The first detent enables CTVS and gun camera. Second detent releases selected forwards firing the weapon.<br />
<br />
=Flight Controls & Landing Gear=<br />
----<br />
==Flight Controls==<br />
[[File:Wheels-flaps.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The F-14B has a large hydraulic system which covers for all of the control surfaces of the aircraft. Without the hydraulic system, or taking damage the controls are in risk of improperly working. The F-14 Tomcat was the last of its generation to have no integration of an FBW or FCS system, which was introduced with the F-15 Eagle.<br />
<br />
The F-14's primary flight controls are:<br />
* '''Left Spoilers (LES):''' A set of spoilers that lie within the left wing of the aircraft that help with aileron movement and control that react opposite of the intended direction.<br />
* '''Right Spoilers (RES):''' A set of spoilers that lie within the right wing of the aircraft that help with aileron movement and control that react opposite of the intended direction.<br />
* '''Tailerons (TAIL):''' Two horizontal stabilizers located on the rear end of the aircraft that control both pitch and aileron movement.<br />
* '''Leading Edge Flaps (LEF):''' Normal slats located on the leading (front) edge of the wings to add lift.<br />
* '''Trailing Edge Flaps (TEF):''' Normal flaps located on the trailing (back) edge of the wings to add lift.<br />
<br />
<br />
The control stick controls the stabilators, ailerons, and rudder and the rudder pedals control the rudder.<br />
<br />
===Flaps System===<br />
The aircraft's flap system provides more lift (and as a byproduct, drag). The flaps lever has two positions:<br />
* '''NONE:''' This applies no flap whatsoever to the wings of the aircraft.<br />
* '''FULL:''' This applies full movement of flaps to the wings of the aircraft.<br />
<br />
<br />
The flaps lever allows for variable movement, which gives the pilot the ability to control the amount of flap they wish for.<br />
<br />
===Speed Brake===<br />
The speed brake is a flap located on the end of the aircraft designed to provide drag to decelerate faster. It is activated via the speed brake switch on the throttle. The two positions are:<br />
* '''EXT:''' When the switch is moved aft, this extends the speed brake of the aircraft out depending on the airspeed.<br />
* '''RET:''' When the switch is moved forward, this retracts the speed brake.<br />
<br />
===Trim===<br />
The tailerons are capable of being trimmed to make roll and pitch corrections. This is accomplished with the trim hat on the controls stick. When the autopilot system is engaged, the onboard computer will attempt to make active trim movements in order to keep the aircraft within the specified attitude when set, along of the setting parameters. As speed is either gained or lost, the trim will actively move the stick as well along of the tailerons to adapt.<br />
<br />
===Wing Sweep===<br />
The wings of the aircraft are a variable-sweep design allowing for automatic or manual movements from pilot input on the right throttle quadrant. Similar to wing fold, the wings are able to be overswept from its maximum position through a master reset of the system in order to allow tighter space and closer parking on the carrier deck.<br />
<br />
==Landing Gear==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat has 3 retractable landing gears: the nose gear, the left gear, and the right gear. The gear is moved via the gear lever on the left side of the cockpit. In the up position, the gear will retract. In the down position, the gear will extend. The gear lever cannot be put up with weight on wheels. The gear will not retract with the launch bar extended.<br />
<br />
===Nosewheel Steering===<br />
The nose gear features nosewheel steering (NWS) controlled by the rudder pedals. With the weight off of the wheels, it is disengaged. It automatically engages upon there being the weight on wheels. NWS is disengaged manually via the button on the stick.<br />
<br />
===Launch Bar===<br />
On the front nosegear is a launch bar that attaches the airplane to a catapult from launches from an aircraft carrier. Its deployment is pilot-controlled, but it is connected to the catapult by the ground crew (DCS default binding is U).<br />
<br />
It is controlled via the launch bar switch on the left upper console. When the switch in the RETRACT position, the launch bar will retract, but physically cannot do so when connected to the catapult. The switch will move to the RETRACT position automatically when there is a weight off wheels. In the EXTEND position, the launch bar will extend if there is the weight on wheels.<br />
<br />
=Autopilot and Autothrottle=<br />
----<br />
The F-14 Tomcat has the ability to automate certain types of flight via its Automatic Flight Control System (AFCS) and Automatic Throttle Control (ATC). The AFCS, or simply the autopilot, control the flight surfaces and the ATC controls the throttles.<br />
<br />
==AFCS==<br />
[[File:afcs.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The Automatic Flight Control System (AFCS), or just the "autopilot", controls the aircraft's flight controls to automate maneuvering. It is interfaced on the autopilot panel via the A/P engage switch. On the autopilot panel, there are 7 modes able to be toggled:<br />
# '''Pitch Stabilizer Augmentation:''' 2-position switch. This switch controls the ability for the pitch to be augmented for dampening.<br />
# '''Roll Stabilizer Augmentation:''' 2-position switch. This switch controls the ability for the roll to be augmented for dampening.<br />
# '''Yaw Stabilizer Augmentation:''' 2-position switch. This switch controls the ability for the yaw to be augmented for dampening.<br />
# '''VEC/PCD/ACL Switch:''' 3-position switch. This switch controls the remote control modes of autopilot with the steering bars and ACLS.<br />
# '''ALT Switch:''' 2-position switch.' This switch controls the ability to maintain the current altitude when autopilot is engaged.<br />
# '''HDG/GT Switch:''' 3-position switch. This switch controls the ability to maintain the current heading when autopilot is engaged.<br />
# '''ENGAGE Switch:''' 2-position switch. This switch engages and disengages the autopilot.<br />
<br />
==ATC==<br />
The automatic throttle control (ATC), or just "autothrottle", controls the physical throttles and thereby automated thrust control. ATC is toggled via ATC engage/disengage switch next to the throttle. When the ATC is engaged, the physical means of the throttle quadrants will begin to move on their own. However, whenever the pilot makes any new movement to the throttle whatsoever, the ATC will disengage to allow pilot control over both of the engines. The ATC is primarily used for landing on a carrier along of the ACLS system.<br />
<br />
=Digital Systems Overview=<br />
----<br />
[[File:displays.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
==Pilot==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat comes with 2 digital display screens in the Pilot cockpit:<br />
* '''Vertical Display Indicator (VDI):''' a multifunction display that allows for the pilot to see their HUD in a form of a repeater, and the [[#Television Camera Set|TCS]].<br />
* '''Horizontal Situation Display Indicator (HSD):''' a multifunction display that allows for the pilot to see their virtual compass for navigation modes, and the [[#AWG-9 Pulse-Doppler Radar|AWG-9 Radar]] from the RIO TID as a repeater.<br />
<br />
===Heads Up Display===<br />
The head-up display (HUD) is a projected display at the front of the cockpit that serves as the primary flight instrument. It also provides various indications for weapon delivery; this section will cover the HUD's indications in NAV master mode. Master mode/weapon-specific indications on the HUD will be covered in the relevant section.<br />
<br />
====Reject Modes====<br />
Via the switches next to the TO button on the displays panel, you are able to "declutter" or remove information off of the HUD.<br />
<br />
==Radar Intercept Officer==<br />
The Radar Intercept Officer (RIO) comes with 3 digital display screens in the RIO cockpit:<br />
* '''Detail Data Display (DDD):''' a dual-purpose display that allows for the RIO to see contacts on the [[#AWG-9 Pulse-Doppler Radar|radar]], based on the range and radar mode.<br />
* '''Tactical Information Display (TID):''' a multi-purpose display that allows for the RIO to see their [[#AWG-9 Pulse-Doppler Radar|AWG-9]] situational awareness, [[#Television Camera Set|TCS]], [[#TARPS Pod|TARPS]] and [[#LANTIRN Targeting Pod|LANTIRN]] pods.<br />
* '''Horizontal Situation Display Indicator (HSD):''' a multi-purpose display as to the one in the pilot cockpit.<br />
<br />
==Master Modes==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat has 5 primarily modes for information displayed. The 5 master modes are:<br />
* '''TO:''' switch. Displays takeoff information on HUD and VDI for degrees.<br />
* '''CRUISE:''' single-purpose button. Displays in-air flight information on HUD and VDI for degrees.<br />
* '''A/A:''' single-purpose button. Displays air-to-air information on HUD and VDI for degrees; and weapon employment.<br />
* '''A/G:''' single-purpose button. Displays air-to-ground information on HUD and VDI for degrees; and weapon employment.<br />
* '''LDG:''' single-purpose button. Displays landing information on HUD and VDI for degrees.<br />
<br />
<br />
Additionally, the F-14 Tomcat has an Air Combat Maneuver (ACM) panel which controls all air-to-air and air-to-ground aspects for armament.<br />
<br />
=Navigation=<br />
----<br />
The F-14 Tomcat has an inertial navigation system (INS) that allows the pilot to navigate by internal gyros aligned. However, due to the fault of having no GPS assistance, these gyros slowly drift over time and cause misalignment for visual information.<br />
<br />
==HSD==<br />
[[File:Hsd.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The Horizontal Situation Display Indicator (HSD) is the primary interface with the airplane's navigation systems. The HSI can be accessed from the bottom display screen. The basic function of the HSI is a rotating compass with a looking-from-above perspective. The controls for this screen are:<br />
# '''BRT Control:''' dial. Controls the brightness of the HSD screen.<br />
# '''HDG Control:''' dial. Controls the heading reference in TACAN mode.<br />
# '''CRS Control:''' dial. Controls the course heading reference in MAN and TACAN modes.<br />
# '''Test Button:''' single-purpose button. Resets the HSD screen if overload protection activates.<br />
# '''BIT Indicator:''' light. Shows a white light if a failure produces in the HSD.<br />
<br />
=== Steering Commands ===<br />
The HSD comes with a set of 5 different steering commands, which each have their own purpose towards displaying certain information:<br />
* '''TACAN:''' single-purpose button. Displays information based off of a radio beacon with range and direction.<br />
* '''DEST:''' single-purpose button. Displays information off of a selected waypoint from the RIO with range and direction.<br />
* '''AWL/PCD:''' single-purpose button. Displays information off of an ICLS frequency with azimuth and elevation bars (on VDI and HUD)<br />
* '''VEC:''' single-purpose button. ? (needs more info.)<br />
* '''MAN:''' single-purpose button. Displays information off of an entered heading (HDG Control) with direction.<br />
<br />
==Waypoints==<br />
The F-14B comes with an onboard flight computer system that handles waypoint navigation during in-air flight. The navigation system in the F-14B Tomcat gives a variety of waypoint holders, along with information for a set home plate.<br />
<br />
===Pilot===<br />
For the F-14B pilot, the waypoint information is able to be accessed by the DEST steering command and by using the NAV HSD display mode.<br />
<br />
===Radar Intercept Officer===<br />
For the F-14B Radar Intercept Officer, (RIO) the waypoints must be manually assigned by the RIO through the Computer Address Panel (CAP) system under the TAC DATA category. Once done, the waypoint must be selected through the CAP and entered in with coordinates similar to how INS alignment procedures are done.<br />
<br />
==TACAN==<br />
Tactical Air Navigation (TACAN) is a military radio navigation system. A TACAN beacon allows for an aircraft to determine its bearing and range from it, and using this information can navigate. TACAN's may be ground-based or be broadcasted by an airplane. TACAN channels have two bands, X and Y, and range from 1-126. 2 TACAN channels may be set present in the aircraft by both the Pilot and RIO for simultaneous use.<br />
<br />
The TACAN setting knobs give a range of these options:<br />
*'''T/R:''' Transmit and receive. Gets bearing and range from the TACAN.<br />
*'''RCV:''' Receive. Gets bearing from the TACAN.<br />
*'''A/A:''' Air-to-air TACAN mode.<br />
*'''X:''' Tunes the selected frequency on the X band.<br />
*'''Y:''' Tunes the selected frequency on the Y band.<br />
<br />
==ICLS==<br />
For night and low visibility operations, aircraft carriers have an Instrument Carrier Landing System (ICLS) to allow for instrument approaches to the carrier. ICLS provides horizontal and vertical guidance. The F-14 is equipped with ICLS.<br />
<br />
To activate the airplane's ICLS antenna, an ICLS dial is present to the right of the warning lights advisory panel, with an ARA on/off switch, used to toggle power to the system.<br />
<br />
When ILS is selected on the HSI, two bars, one horizontal and one vertical, appear near the velocity vector on the HUD. These indicate a vertical and horizontal deviation from the optimal glideslope (3°) and course to the deck. When they are both aligned with the velocity vector (making a "+"), the aircraft is on course.<br />
<br />
==ACLS==<br />
For CAT III conditions and poor visibility, the F-14 is equipped with the Automatic Carrier Landing System (ACLS) to allow an automatic flight to the carrier via. a radio-guided input from a Landing Signal Officer. (LSO) The auto-throttle and autopilot systems must be engaged and present during the time of activation with this system, along with lights given to the left of the VDI display.<br />
<br />
Datalink is required between the aircraft and the carrier in order for ACLS to work. When the best position of the azimuth and glideslope bars are within parameters, the nosewheel steering button is pressed in order to engage guidance.<br />
<br />
==Navigation Failures==<br />
The F-14B has a variety of navigation failures that may/can occur, including methods to fix them.<br />
<br />
===Navigation Fix Update===<br />
An error of latitude or longitude in the computer position of the aircraft can be corrected by a navigation fix update. Updating is especially important in the backup modes (AHRS AM and IMU/ AM) because of the estimated winds and magnetic variation changes. A nav fix is done via a ground-reference-point (latitude and longitude) position. The range and bearing of this position to the present aircraft position are used to update or correct existing values. The nav system may be updated by either a radar fix, a TACAN fix, or a visual fix.<br />
<br />
Before performing a nav fix, the latitude and longitude of the desired update point (radar, TACAN, or visual) must be stored in one of eight navigation point locations (three WPs, FIX PT, HOME BASE, HOST AREA, DEF PT, and IP). This data can be stored prior to flight by data link or by manual insertion. Then follow these steps:<br />
<br />
# Hook the Waypoint you choose to select for the nav fix.<br />
# Check the stored latitude and longitude on the TID.<br />
# Rotate the CATEGORY switch to NAV and select the desired type of update.<br />
<br />
<br />
Note that updating the position while in INS, and to a lesser degree while in IMU, can introduce a greater navigational position error than already present, in particular, if radar fix is used to update the nav system. Updates with a visual or TACAN fix provide reasonable accuracy (assuming a good MAG VAR during TACAN updates). Updating your nav system via a nav fix should be primarily used in the AHRS mode.<br />
<br />
===Radar Fix Update===<br />
An RDR FIX may be selected before or after positioning the DDD cursors. If the RDR FIX button is depressed, the computer computes the present position of the aircraft by measuring the range and bearing from the selected point. The delta between the computer position and the position determined by the INS is then displayed on the TID. If the entry of this delta into the navigation computations is desired, press the FIX ENABLE button. If the delta does not appear to be correct, the computer and the readout can be cleared by pressing the RDR FIX button. The fix may then be attempted again. The RIO should also perform periodic checks of own aircraft system altitude and update the altitude if necessary.<br />
<br />
Radar updating is performed as follows:<br />
<br />
# TID CURSOR/CAP - Hook Desired Navigation Point for Update.<br />
# PULSE SRCH button - Depress.<br />
# On sensor control panel: STAB switch - IN. EL BARS switch - 1. AZ SCAN switch - As Desired.<br />
# RDR FIX button - Depress.<br />
# DDD CURSOR button - Depress.<br />
# Action switch - Half Action (first detent).<br />
# Cursor is displayed on DDD.<br />
# Manipulate hand control DDD cursor over desired ground map point.<br />
# Action switch - Full Action and Release. (This will cause the DDD cursor to remain at the selected position.<br />
# Observe the delta for LAT and LONG on TID.<br />
# If readouts are unsatisfactory, deselect RDR FIX and repeat steps 4 through 12.<br />
# FIX ENABLE button - Depress.<br />
<br />
===TACAN Update===<br />
To perform a nav fix by TACAN requires that a restored waypoint shares identical LAT and LONG values with the TACAN station that will be used for the fix. Select the TACAN channel for the desired station and verify by listening to the coded identifier tone in the headset.<br />
<br />
Press the TACAN FIX button to update the aircraft position from a TACAN station. The WCS computer then calculates the own aircraft position error based on the range and bearing from the TACAN station. The delta is then entered in the same manner as with a radar fix.<br />
<br />
Perform a TACAN fix following these steps:<br />
<br />
# Select a TACAN channel whose latitude and longitude correspond to an update point.<br />
# Hook desired update point (WAYPT 1, FIX PT, HOME BASE, etc.).<br />
# CATEGORY switch - NAV.<br />
# TACAN FIX button - Depress.<br />
# Observe present position delta readout.<br />
# If delta is unsatisfactory, deselect TACAN FIX and repeat steps 2 through 7.<br />
# FIX ENABLE button - Depress.<br />
<br />
===Visual Update===<br />
To perform a visual fix, fly over a restored waypoint and press the VIS FIX button. Estimate your timing, because the aircraft nose and fuselage can obscure the fixed point during an overflight. It is also difficult to estimate when directly overhead a waypoint if the aircraft altitude is greater than 10.000 feet. The delta for the visual fix is displayed on the TID. Enter the delta by pressing FIX ENABLE.<br />
<br />
To perform a visual fix use the following steps:<br />
<br />
# Hook desired update point (WAY PT, HB, IP, etc.).<br />
# Select NAV category on CAP.<br />
# Overfly the selected restored point and when over the point, depress the VIS FIX button on the cap.<br />
# If the delta is not satisfactory, press VIS FIX again to clear the delta and repeat from step 1.<br />
# If a satisfactory delta is displayed, depress the FIX ENABLE button; this causes the delta correction of own-aircraft position to be inserted into the computer.<br />
<br />
===Datalink Update===<br />
To perform a data link update of the aircraft INS to the TDS frame of reference, the aircraft and TDS must share a prebriefed waypoint, identical in latitude and longitude. Enter this LAT/LONG data into the HOST AREA pseudo target file. The TDS will uplink the common reference point as a data link waypoint. When the aircraft and TDS INS systems agree, the data link waypoint and host area symbols will be superimposed on the TID. If they drift apart, the two pseudo targets on the TID will drift as well.<br />
<br />
To perform an update via data link, use the following steps:<br />
<br />
# Hook data link waypoint corresponding prebriefed reference point.<br />
# Select NAV category on CAP.<br />
# Overfly the hooked data link waypoint. When immediately over the point, press VIS FIX button on CAP.<br />
# Observe delta LAT and LONG on TID.<br />
# If deltas are satisfactory and update is desired, depress FIX ENABLE.<br />
# After a data link update, HOST AREA and data link waypoint should be superimposed on the TID again.<br />
<br />
===Fighter-to-Fighter Navigation Update===<br />
Net aircraft that use fighter-to-fighter data link can update their navigation system in the FF/DL mode. To update LAT/LONG hook the net aircraft symbol of an aircraft that is in close proximity and select F/F NAV UPDATE on the CAP. This will enter the hooked aircraft’s coordinates into the INS as own-aircraft coordinates. To update the nav system on an aircraft that is not close, first obtain a radar STT on that aircraft, hook the STT-ed aircraft on the TID and then press F/F NAV UPDATE on the CAP.<br />
<br />
=Defensive Systems=<br />
----<br />
The F-14B is equipped with various defensive systems: the AN/ALE-39 Countermeasure Dispensing System (CMDS), for the release of chaff and flares, the AN/ALQ-126 Deception ECM (DECM), for jamming enemy radar, and the AN/ALR-67 Radar Warning Reciever (RWR), for detection of enemy radar emitters and missile launches.<br />
<br />
==AN/ALR-67 RWR==<br />
[[File:alr-67.png|thumb|400px]]<br />
The AN/ALR-67 Radar Warning Receiver (RWR) provides the Hornet the ability to detect radars via the radio/microwave radiation they emit.<br />
<br />
===Audio Tones===<br />
Accompanying the RWR are various audio feedback tones:<br />
*'''Single Beep:''' A new ground- or sea-based emitter has been detected.<br />
*'''Double Beep:''' A new airborne emitter has been detected.<br />
*'''Repeating Beep:''' An emitter is tracking.<br />
*'''Faster Repeating Beep:''' An emitter is guiding a missile or is a missile.<br />
<br />
<br />
On the RWR gauge, the RWR knob will control the volume of the RWR tones.<br />
<br />
===Emitter Identifiers===<br />
''This list is, at present, not complete.''<br />
{|class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"<br />
!Type<br />
!RWR ID<br />
|-<br />
|U<br />
|Unknown<br />
|-<br />
|M<br />
|Active radar-homing missile<br />
|-<br />
|S<br />
|Search radar<br />
|-<br />
|3<br />
|SA-3 "Goa"<br />
|-<br />
|6<br />
|SA-6 "Gainful"<br />
|-<br />
|8<br />
|SA-8 "Gecko"<br />
|-<br />
|10<br />
|SA-10 "Grumble"<br />
|-<br />
|11<br />
|SA-11 "Gadfly"<br />
|-<br />
|11<br />
|F-111 Aardvark<br />
|-<br />
|12<br />
|SA-12 "Gladiator"<br />
|-<br />
|13<br />
|SA-13 "Gopher"<br />
|-<br />
|13<br />
|C-130 Hercules<br />
|-<br />
|14<br />
|F-14 Tomcat<br />
|-<br />
|15<br />
|F-15 Eagle<br />
|-<br />
|15 <br />
|SA-15 "Gauntlet"<br />
|-<br />
|16<br />
|F-16 Fighting Falcon<br />
|-<br />
|17<br />
|C-17 Globemaster III<br />
|-<br />
|18<br />
|F/A-18 Hornet<br />
|-<br />
|22<br />
|Tu-22 "Blinder"<br />
|-<br />
|23<br />
|MiG-23 "Flogger"<br />
|-<br />
|24<br />
|Su-24 "Fencer"<br />
|-<br />
|25<br />
|MiG-25 "Foxbat"<br />
|-<br />
|29<br />
|MiG-29 "Fulcrum"<br />
|-<br />
|29<br />
|Su-27 "Flanker"<br />
|-<br />
|29<br />
|Su-33 "Flanker-D"<br />
|-<br />
|30<br />
|Su-30 "Flanker-C"<br />
|-<br />
|31<br />
|MiG-31 "Foxhound"<br />
|-<br />
|34<br />
|Su-34 "Fullback"<br />
|-<br />
|39<br />
|Su-25M "Frogfoot"<br />
|-<br />
|40<br />
|''Spruance''-class destroyer<br />
|-<br />
|48<br />
|''Nimitz''-class carrier<br />
|-<br />
|49<br />
|''Oliver Hazard Perry''-class frigate<br />
|-<br />
|50<br />
|A-50 "Mainstay"<br />
|-<br />
|52<br />
|B-52 Stratofortress<br />
|-<br />
|76<br />
|IL-76 "Candid"<br />
|-<br />
|78<br />
|IL-78 "Midas"<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==AN/ALE-39 CMDS==<br />
[[File:f14 cms.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The AN/ALE-39 is the countermeasures dispensing set installed in the F-14B in this simulation. It controls its own set of launchers located between the engine nozzles on the underside of the so-called beaver-tail. The launchers each have two sections, one containing 10 cartridges and the other 20. They are referred to the left and right dispensers even though the left is really the front one and the right the back one with both being mounted inline on the left side of the tailhook. This is a remnant from the earliest model F-14s carrying the AN/ALE-29.<br />
<br />
This all sums up to a capacity of 60 cartridges in the system with each section necessarily holding one type of cartridges meaning that any combination of cartridges is possible as long as each type’s quantity is a multiple of 10. The system itself has no real knowledge of what is loaded where so incorrectly programming the system can lead to the wrong type of cartridge being ejected.<br />
<br />
===Cockpit Controls===<br />
The system itself can be operated manually from the control panel in the RIO pit or the DLC thumbwheel on the pilot stick when the flaps lever is in the up position. It is also capable of running programmed sequences of ejection which in turn can be initiated manually by the RIO from the control panel or the direction hats mounted on the handhold over the DDD. In addition, the AN/ALR-67 can also initiate the chaff ejection program if set up correctly on the AN/ALE-39 control panel.<br />
<br />
==AN/ALQ-126 DECM==<br />
The AN/ALQ-126 deception jammer is designed to detect radar threats, analyze them, select the optimum countermeasure technique available and apply it. Available techniques for jamming are amongst others, main lobe blanking, inverse con-scan, range-gate pull-off and swept square modes. In DCS this is modeled as a simple noise jammer due to engine limitations but controlled by the DECM logic as to when it’s on or off.<br />
<br />
===Cockpit Controls===<br />
The controls for the AN/ALQ-126 DECM are all located on the right horizontal panel in the RIO pit, the panel as the image above. In addition, there are two indication lights co-located with the RWR threat indicators on the right side of the TID. The mode selector knob controls power and operational mode that the system is in. The modes for the DECM are as follows:<br />
<br />
* '''OFF:''' turns off power to the system. STBY begins pre-warming of the system, taking in all-around 5 minutes.<br />
* '''TEST HOLD 3 SEC:''' is used to prepare the system for BIT, after 3 seconds in this mode, turn the knob to TEST - ACT.<br />
* '''TEST ACT:''' starts the BIT in the system. The BIT takes approximately 30 seconds and the RCV light will be illuminated the whole time while the XMIT light will flash twice. If the STANDBY light illuminates it indicates that a no-go condition exists in the system.<br />
* '''REC:''' enables the system to receive the only mode, enabling analyzation of threats and also the threat audio.<br />
* '''RPT:''' enables full system functionality, in addition to REC it also now tries to jam threats according to the selected method.<br />
<br />
=Television Camera Set=<br />
----<br />
[[File:tcs_symbology.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The F-14B is outfitted with the ALQ-100 Television Camera Set (TCS) pod, used for visually identifying aircraft during the time of which IFF was not a trusted/more inferior method to confirming hostile aircraft and to keep track of their position, as well as their living status.<br />
<br />
==Symbology==<br />
On the TID, in non-TV mode, a TCS track is indicated by a 1.5” strobe at TCS LOS azimuth with a hollow circle at the end.<br />
<br />
The symbology on the video feed from the TCS has indicators for the FOV and two crosshairs indicating TCS LOS relative own aircraft, GACH, and AN/AWG-9 radar LOS relative TCS LOS, RACH. Additionally, the track window is indicated by 4 small squares representing each corner of that window.<br />
<br />
The gimbal angle crosshairs or GACH, which is a solid cross, indicate deflection of the TCS LOS from the aircraft datum line, ADL. GACH crosshair in the center indicates TCS LOS along ADL and deflection towards the edges indicate deflection towards the gimbal limits with the video edges being maximum deflection.<br />
<br />
RACH or radar angle crosshairs, a dashed crosshair, indicate radar antenna LOS when inside the current TCS FOV. When the sensors slave to one another RACH and GACH will coincide creating a single solid crosshair.<br />
<br />
The track window indicates the area that the TCS contrast tracker is currently locked on to if it has acquired a target. When not in an active track these squares collapse into the center of the display being 2% of the screen width when in manual mode and 5% when in an auto mode.<br />
<br />
=LANTIRN Targeting Pod=<br />
----<br />
[[File:flir.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The F-14B can carry the AN/AAQ-14 Low Altitude Navigation and Targeting Infrared For Night (LANTIRN) targeting pod. This pod consists of a Forward-Looking Infrared (FLIR) camera (which also includes a digital charged coupled device camera) for target locating and observing, a Laser Target Designator/Ranger for firing a laser that both designates targets for laser-homing weapons and gathers ranging information for designating whatever the FLIR is pointed at as an air-to-ground, and a Laser Spot Tracker (LST) which can search for and track a laser, allowing for the FLIR to be cued onto an offboard (ground or air-designated) laser from another unit and then designate a Target off said point; this allows for most effective buddy-lasing. The targeting pod can be used in both air-to-ground and air-to-air functions, but the LTD/R and LST are only used for A/G operation.<br />
<br />
==Symbology==<br />
The following areas on the LANTIRN are to represent:<br />
# '''A/C Position Data:''' Displays aircraft LAT/LON, altitude, and groundspeed information.<br />
# '''LANTIRN Polarity:''' Displays white or hot background. AGC is for automatic gain control, MGC is for manual gain control.<br />
# '''LANTIRN Information:''' Gives general information on the pod. SR is for slant range, AZ/EL for azimuth/elevation of sight, and rest is UTC time.<br />
# '''LANTIRN Track Mode:''' Displays the current tracking mode. A/A is for air-to-air, A/G is for air-to-ground. Right side is for current selected weapon.<br />
# '''Track Data:''' Displays information of LAT/LON and altitude of where the sight is at.<br />
# '''Track:''' Displays the hairs for point and area track, and what the sight is directly pointed at.<br />
# '''Launch Envelopes:''' The top tape is for the heading relative of the aircraft to the track. The right side tape is for the release point.<br />
<br />
=TARPS Pod=<br />
----<br />
Not yet implemented.<br />
<br />
=Air-to-Air Radar=<br />
----<br />
==Detail Data Display==<br />
[[File:f14 ddd.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
Among the 3 digital displays, the Detail Data Display gives the RIO information about contacts from the AWG-9 radar in terms of range and radar mode, with respect to the notch filter.<br />
<br />
===Notch Filter===<br />
The AWG-9 radar in the F-14B Tomcat has a notch filter when using the pulse-doppler radar modes under certain conditions. These conditions include, but are not limited to:<br />
<br />
* ~100 knot difference of the aircraft relative to contact<br />
* Contact flying 90 degrees perpendicular CW/CCW to aircraft<br />
* Masking with ground terrain scan return<br />
<br />
<br />
There is a rough line shown in the radar modes, likewise of the jamming lobe, for when considering the notch filter that the contact will disappear from.<br />
<br />
==Tactical Information Display==<br />
[[File:f14 tid.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The Tactical Information Display (TID) gives the RIO of the F-14B the main information on the AWG-9 radar, including situational awareness, range, altitude, and contact heading.<br />
<br />
===Display Modes===<br />
The TID comes with a total of 8 display modes available, that can be toggled either on or off for purposes of gathering more information or decluttering:<br />
<br />
* '''RID DISABLE:''' ? needs more info. Not yet implemented.<br />
* '''ALT NUM:''' Displays the altitude of contact with a singular digit rounded to the nearest thousand.<br />
* '''SYM ELEM:''' Displays the symbology of contacts corresponding to HAFU.<br />
* '''DATA LINK:''' Displays contacts from the datalink frequency.<br />
* '''JAM STROBE:''' Displays the jamming strobes. Not yet implemented.<br />
* '''NON-ATTK:''' Displays determined (manual IFF or datalink) HAFU of friendly contacts.<br />
* '''VEL VECTOR:''' Displays the velocity vectors of contacts.<br />
* '''LAUNCH ZONE:''' Displays contact approximate missile launch zones.<br />
<br />
==AN/AWG-9 Radar==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat is equipped with the AN/AWG-9 all-weather and pulse-doppler radar. It is a very long-range radar used for the main purpose of intercept.<br />
<br />
===Radar Modes===<br />
The AWG-9 in the F-14B comes with 2 types of radar modes: doppler and pulse-doppler search. Of those two, subsets are able to be observed as 5 in this list:<br />
<br />
* '''PD SRCH:''' Pulse-Doppler Search mode. No bias factor of the radar, but impedes to pulse-doppler methods.<br />
* '''PD STT:''' Pulse-Doppler Single Target Track mode. By default upon acquiring a lock with the AWG-9, the radar will move to this function mode. It is currently suspectable to the notch filter.<br />
* '''RWS:''' Range While Search mode. The radar will prioritize the range of targets but not other factors. Falls under pulse-doppler.<br />
* '''TWS MAN:''' Track While Scan - Manual mode. The radar will prioritize the situational awareness of other targets but not give information on every target. The radar will also prioritize targets by threat importance.<br />
* '''TWS AUTO:''' Track While Scan - Auto mode. The radar will perform the same as TWS Man, but the elevation and azimuth controls will be automated in the process for an optimal scan.<br />
* '''PULSE SRCH:''' Pulse Search mode. No bias factor of the radar and can not be impeded to the notch filter, unlike the pulse-doppler method. The radar will, however, output a return of everything that is scanned and requires tuning.<br />
* '''PULSE STT:''' Pulse Single Target Track mode. Performing similarly to Pulse Search mode, this function mode applies to only a single target and is not suspectable to the notch filter.<br />
<br />
====Pulse-Doppler Search Mode====<br />
[[File:f14 pulsedoppler.png|thumb|350px]]<br />
The pulse-doppler search mode is used mainly as a kind of early warning mode. It is the search mode with the greatest detection range but it can display no range to the RIO, only closure rate. For this reason, the TID can display no track information.<br />
<br />
====Pulse-Doppler STT Mode====<br />
[[File:f14 pdstt.png|thumb|350px]]<br />
The pulse-doppler STT works and looks much like the pulse STT mode. It does, however, have the same advantages and disadvantages compared to pulse STT as the other pulse-doppler modes compared to the pulse modes. This means that while much better at tracking a target close to the ground it is however vulnerable to notching.<br />
<br />
The DDD display for pulse-doppler STT looks like pulse STT display except that the target return and antenna azimuth display are moved to the left side of the screen and a generated synthetic target marker is displayed at the correct azimuth instead. This is so that the targets range can be displayed by the synthetic target, unlike the other pulse-doppler modes which only shows closure rate. The other symbology on the DDD in this mode are the same as in pulse STT.<br />
<br />
====Range While Search Mode====<br />
In range while search, a frequency measuring ranging mode is added (FM ranging) to allow the radar to measure the range of tracked targets in addition to closure rate. This additional processing does, however, mean that the effective range of the radar is somewhat lesser. The display on the DDD is the same as in pulse-doppler search, the TID however also shows tracks in this mode showing the targets as tracks momentarily as they’re scanned and displaying their position and altitude. <br />
<br />
The targets are shown for a maximum of two seconds or until the antenna again scans the same bar at the same azimuth at which time it is removed unless detected again. The maximum number of concurrently shown tracks are 48.<br />
<br />
====TWS Manual Mode====<br />
The track, while scan mode uses the same FM ranging as RWS with the same reduction in range compared to pulse-doppler search and the DDD display, is also the same. The main difference that the computer establishes track files and tracks up to 24 targets concurrently of which 18 can be shown on the TID at any given time.<br />
<br />
As the computer routine calculating these tracks need a set track refresh time of 2 seconds this limits available azimuth scan area and bar settings to either 20° 4 bars or 40° 2 bars. When entering TWS the computer automatically selects the ±20° 4 bar scan disregarding the RIO set scan volumes unless those are set to ±40° 2 bars in which case that is used instead.<br />
<br />
The TWS mode is also the only mode enabling guidance of the AIM-54 at multiple targets (up to six), and as soon as engageable targets are detected the computer starts assigning them a missile priority number according to optimal missile firing sequence.<br />
<br />
====TWS Auto Mode====<br />
Performing similarly to TWS Man mode, what differs between the two is that in TWS auto the computer takes control of used scan volume and scan pattern azimuth and elevation as soon as target tracks are present. The WCS computer automatically tries to optimize the scan volume and direction so that tracking of the prioritized targets is maximized. If not selected before launch the WCS overrides as soon as the first AIM-54 is launched and selects TWS Auto.<br />
<br />
====Pulse Search Mode====<br />
[[File:f14 pulse.png|thumb|350px]]<br />
Pulse search is used to search for and find airborne targets at range. It is possible to use this radar mode as a basic ground mapper as well which can be useful for navigation and navigational fixes and can also be used in a pinch to detect larger surface targets like ships. Keep in mind though that the radar is not built with this as its main function and that a real air-to-ground radar will outperform it handily.<br />
<br />
In this mode, the radar cannot by itself differentiate targets and generate tracks meaning that the WCS will not generate track files and display anything on the TID. This also means that pulse search is not capable of guiding missiles.<br />
<br />
====Pulse STT Mode====<br />
[[File:f14 pstt.png|thumb|350px]]<br />
Pulse STT is used to track a single target, like pulse search mode it is not susceptible to notching but it is to ground clutter. The fact that the STT modes use gates to track the target, in this case, range gates, means that it is less susceptible to ground clutter but a target close enough to the ground that the ground return enters the range gates would be likely to shake the lock.<br />
<br />
As it is only in the pulse-doppler modes that the missile guidance commands can be sent pulse STT is limited to launching AIM-7s in CW mode and AIM-54s in an active launch mode limiting their ranges. At short ranges, ACM ranges, it is possible to use the ASPECT switch to set what aspect of the target to track, this is just to counter different types of countermeasures. As an example, if set to NOSE the radar will be less susceptible to chaff as the radar weights its track towards the targets leading-edge (nose) away from the chaff being launched behind the target.<br />
<br />
A successful track is indicated by the ANT TRK and RDROT indicator lights on the DDD, meaning that the antenna is tracking the target and that the target is within the range gates. If the target is jamming with sufficient strength, negating a range track, the radar will transition to a jam angle track instead, indicated by the JAT indicator light on the DDD illuminating instead of the RDROT. When range tracking is again possible at closer ranges the radar will transition to that instead.<br />
<br />
The DDD in this mode will be similar to the pulse search mode but the antenna will be locked onto the target and not scan. Additionally, the DDD will show the range gates around the target, a closing rate symbol at the right scale and applicable attack symbology if a valid missile is selected.<br />
<br />
===Anti-Jamming Modes===<br />
Not yet implemented.<br />
<br />
===AN/APX-76 IFF Interrogator===<br />
The AN/APX-76 IFF (Identification Friend or Foe) interrogator is integrated into the AN/AWG-9 operation. Then interrogator antenna itself is located on the AN/AWG-9 antenna gimbal platform. An IFF system works by sending out an interrogation pulse and then listening for returns from cooperating transponders. In addition to the unencrypted civilian mode the AN/APX-76 is capable of interrogating in the encrypted military mode 4. This ensures that targets replying to mode 4 interrogations are indeed friendly. The AN/APX-76 can be used both in search radar modes and in STT radar modes. To enable interrogation the IFF switch is depressed on the Detail Data Display Panel which then activates the interrogator for as long as the button is held up to 10 seconds max.<br />
<br />
When enabled IFF received IFF returns are then overlaid on the normal AN/AWG-9 radar returns on the DDD. A friendly target will be indicated with two bars, one above and one below the normal radar return. As the AN/APX-76 is a separate radar, secondary mode, radar apart from the AWG-9 the IFF can sometimes also detect targets not detected by the AWG-9. In this case the IFF return will not have a radar echo inside it. In the search mode this is overlaid over each target replying and in STT over the STT target. Additionally, if the STT target is hooked on the TID the DDD will switch from normal range display to a ±10 NM display to enable display of multiple returns in case of closely grouped targets.<br />
<br />
==HAFU/Datalink==<br />
[[File:HAFU.png|right|80px]]<br />
Hostile, Ambiguous, Friendly or Unknown (HAFU) is a symbology system used by the F/A-18 to represent trackfiles; specifically, to show its status as a friendly or hostile. It is usually what trackfiles are displayed as across the software.<br />
<br />
There are four HAFU symbols:<br />
*'''Triangle:''' Hostile (red when colored)<br />
*'''Thick Staple:''' Ambiguous (yellow when colored)<br />
*'''Half-Circle:''' Friendly (green when colored)<br />
*'''Thin Staple:''' Unknown (yellow when colored)<br />
<br />
<br />
All types except ambiguous can be manually assigned via the [[#SA Format|Situational Awareness]] format. Tracks will also be automatically identified as explained below.<br />
<br />
A hostile HAFU will be assigned whenever:<br />
* A negative IFF response is returned, and<br />
** An NCTR print returns with an aircraft type that is on the hostile coalition; or<br />
** A SURV (surveillance, like an AWACS) source over datalink also marks it hostile; or<br />
** A F/F (fighter-fighter, like another F/A-18) source over datalink also marks it hostile.<br />
<br />
<br />
An ambiguous HAFU will be assigned when the aircraft and a donor have conflicting identifications (friendly and hostile).<br />
<br />
A friendly HAFU will be assigned whenever an IFF interrogation returns as friendly or the track itself is contributed to by the Precise Participant Location and Identification (PPLI) system.<br />
<br />
An unknown HAFU will be assigned by default until it is updated by meeting one of the requirements above.<br />
<br />
=Air-to-Air Weapons=<br />
----<br />
This area will cover over all the different air-to-air weapons brought with the F-14B Tomcat.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Air Gun==<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Air Missiles==<br />
===AIM-54 Phoenix===<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
====AIM-54A Mk.60====<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
====AIM-54C Mk.47====<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
===AIM-7 Sparrow===<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
====AIM-9 Sidewinder====<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
=Resources=<br />
----<br />
==Manuals & Documents==<br />
* [https://info.publicintelligence.net/F14AAP-1B.pdf F-14B NATOPS Pocket Checklist]<br />
* [http://www.heatblur.se/F-14Manual/ Heatblur F-14 Manual]<br />
<br />
==Heatblur's Videos==<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q1o7E9pb95Y Episode 1: Overview]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OO3IdQjAdDA Episode 2: Pilot's Cockpit Walkaround]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ws1GxPG2ZXw Episode 3: Cold And Dark (Full Startup)]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kgpGO7fj4oU Episode 4: The RIO's Office]<br />
<br />
==Jabbers' Tutorial Videos==<br />
(They're good!)<br />
<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2qwlJs__iYk Pilot - Startup/Taxi/Takeoff with JESTER AI]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b5opjCygZug Pilot - Maneuvering and Flight Characteristics]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f4y2oZ-7rM8 Pilot - Air-to-Air Refueling]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ujk4hL_EnUc Pilot - ACM - Radar Acquisition Modes]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wftck0C3fJ8 Pilot - Weapons - Zuni Rockets with JESTER AI]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4m-Q02gxFEA Pilot - Weapons - AIM-9 Sidewinder]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SWeHtpJ00JI RIO - Startup]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r4-Dd4ss2Rc RIO - AWG-9 Radar]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YG7sWweg2RQ RIO - IFF Interrogation]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2q-bHFyTEr8 Overview - AIM-54C Mk.47 Phoenix - Tacview Debrief]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PyAQpqVhtBY Overview - AIM-54A Mk.60 Phoenix - Tacview Debrief]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4groy-_Bxfk Quick Tips - AIM-54 Phoenix]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Is3AtOX-abw Quick Tips - Bombing]</div>Siriushttps://wiki.hoggitworld.com/index.php?title=F-14A/B&diff=10573F-14A/B2019-09-03T02:41:12Z<p>Sirius: /* Air-to-Air Weapons */</p>
<hr />
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{{ModuleInfo<br />
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<br />
''Credits to Jak for having the [[F/A-18C]] page serve as a guide and filler content on related systems.''<br />
<br />
The Grumman '''F-14A/B''' Tomcat is a two-seat, twin-engine supersonic variable wing-sweep fighter aircraft. The F-14 was the first US fighter jet with twin tails and was the largest & heaviest US fighter to ever fly from an aircraft carrier. The reason that the F-14 was so incredibly large and heavy was that it carried the large AWG-9 radar and accompanying AIM-54 Phoenix (air-to-air) missiles: this very capable combination allowed the F-14 to make shots of up to 200 nautical miles at the bad guys. Also, being big means you can carry a lot of fuel!<br />
<br />
Of course, the practical range of the AWG-9 is rather more limited, especially if you are shooting at more maneuverable fighter-sized targets, but even at these closer ranges, the AIM-54 Phoenix is still a capable missile that should not be underestimated. The F-14 is also capable of carrying an array of air-to-ground weapons, such as dumb bombs in both high and low drag forms, air-to-ground Zuni rockets and even laser-guided bombs, which can be self-designated using the LANTIRN targeting pod on the F-14.<br />
<br />
Most people will recognize and adore the F-14 because of its stardom presence in that one weird volleyball movie from the '80s. Its on-screen presence in movies will make the F-14 to appear docile and easy to fly, but due to lack of a fly-by-wire the F-14 can be a real handful: it being a pilot's aircraft however makes it fun to fly and learn. The analogous nature of the F-14 (comparable to the F-5E II Tigershark) will give you a good knowledge of the airplane over time but requires a bit of a different mindset that the computerized flight of the F/A-18C and the F-15.<br />
<br />
__TOC__<br />
<br />
=Weapons List=<br />
----<br />
==Implemented==<br />
Partially or fully implemented weapons of the F14/A/B Tomcat:<br />
* M61 Vulcan Six-Barreled Gatling Gun<br />
* AIM-7M/F Sparrow<br />
* CAP/AIM-9M Sidewinder<br />
* AIM-54A Phoenix Mk. 60<br />
* AIM-54C Phoenix Mk. 47<br />
* Mk-81, 82, 83, and 84 <br />
* GBU-10, 12, 16, and 24 <br />
* MK-20 Rockeye<br />
* Zuni Rockets<br />
* BDU-33 Practice Bombs<br />
* ADM-141 TALD<br />
* LUU-2 Parachute Flare<br />
* Smokewinder<br />
* LANTIRN Pod<br />
* FPU-1 Fuel Tank<br />
<br />
==Planned==<br />
Weapons not yet implemented into the Tomcat:<br />
* TARPS Pod<br />
<br />
=Hands On Throttle And Stick (HOTAS)=<br />
----<br />
==Throttle==<br />
[[File:throttle.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The throttle of the F-14 Tomcat consists of 2 quadrants, both for the left and right engines. There is an afterburner detent along with a cutoff detent for maximum throttle and shutdown of the engine for each quadrant.<br />
<br />
The throttle has the following controls:<br />
# '''Speed Brake Switch:''' 2-position switch. "EXT" is a momentary and needed input position that extends the speed brake outward depending on the aircraft speed.<br />
# '''Wing Sweep Switch:''' 4-way hat switch. "AUTO" sets the wing to sweep automatically determined by an onboard computer, "BOMB" sets the wing to sweep in an angled position between fully extended and retracted and dependent on speed for the air-to-ground bombing.<br />
# '''PLM Button:''' multifunction button. When the steering command is in A2A mode, this acts as a pilot lock-on tool for the AWG-9 radar. But when used for landing and/or in the LDG steering command mode, this allows for disengagement of the ACLS.<br />
# '''CAGE/SEAM Button:''' multifunction button. When the steering command is in A2A mode, this allows for CAGE/SEAM lock-on of the AIM-9 Sidewinder. But when used for landing and/or in the LDG steering command mode, this allows for disengagement of the APC.<br />
# '''Exterior Light Switch:''' 2-position switch. Used to toggle the exterior lights of the aircraft.<br />
# '''ICS PTT Switch:''' 2-position switch. Acts as a push-to-talk system for the ICS system inside of the aircraft used between the Pilot and RIO. (or JESTER AI)<br />
<br />
==Control Stick==<br />
[[File:stick.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The control stick is located in the center of the cockpit, mounted onto the floor. Left and right movements of the control stick direct hydraulic movement to the spoilers and horizontal stabilizers of the aircraft. Forward and backward movement result to respectively the same but to the horizontal stabilizers.<br />
<br />
The control stick has the following controls:<br />
# '''Bomb Release Button:''' single-purpose button. When pressed in A2G steering command mode, all pylons selected with bombs will release respective of the ripple settings, type, and interval.<br />
# '''Trim Hat:''' 4-way hat switch. Upward movement moves the aircraft downward, and downward movement moves the aircraft upward. Both left and right movements follow to their directions according to their name.<br />
# '''Weapon Select Hat:''' 4-way hat switch. Bottom selection is OFF, and a ridge requires a momentary push action to move in/out of to GUN. Following all to the top are SW, then SP/PH which requires a momentary push action to switch between.<br />
# '''DLC & Maneuver Flap Command Wheel:''' scrollable dial. Moving it with the landing gears fully deployed acts as a variable control for spoiler extension. With the landing gears up, the dial also acts the same but for flaps and slats.<br />
# '''DLC Engage/Disengage & CMS Dispense Button:''' multifunction button. When pressed with the landing gears fully deployed, this controls the engagement and disengagement of the DLC system. But with the landing gears fully retracted, this allows for pilot control of the CMS system.<br />
# '''Autopilot Reference & NWS Button:''' multifunction button. When the aircraft is up in the air, this controls specific autopilot settings. But when the aircraft is on the ground, this controls the activation of the nosewheel steering system.<br />
# '''Autopilot Emergency Disengage Paddle:''' multifunction button. Disengages all autopilot modes and DLC and releases all autopilot switches and roll and pitch SAS switches to OFF position.<br />
# '''Weapon Firing Trigger:''' two-stage trigger switch. The first detent enables CTVS and gun camera. Second detent releases selected forwards firing the weapon.<br />
<br />
=Flight Controls & Landing Gear=<br />
----<br />
==Flight Controls==<br />
[[File:Wheels-flaps.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The F-14B has a large hydraulic system which covers for all of the control surfaces of the aircraft. Without the hydraulic system, or taking damage the controls are in risk of improperly working. The F-14 Tomcat was the last of its generation to have no integration of an FBW or FCS system, which was introduced with the F-15 Eagle.<br />
<br />
The F-14's primary flight controls are:<br />
* '''Left Spoilers (LES):''' A set of spoilers that lie within the left wing of the aircraft that help with aileron movement and control that react opposite of the intended direction.<br />
* '''Right Spoilers (RES):''' A set of spoilers that lie within the right wing of the aircraft that help with aileron movement and control that react opposite of the intended direction.<br />
* '''Tailerons (TAIL):''' Two horizontal stabilizers located on the rear end of the aircraft that control both pitch and aileron movement.<br />
* '''Leading Edge Flaps (LEF):''' Normal slats located on the leading (front) edge of the wings to add lift.<br />
* '''Trailing Edge Flaps (TEF):''' Normal flaps located on the trailing (back) edge of the wings to add lift.<br />
<br />
<br />
The control stick controls the stabilators, ailerons, and rudder and the rudder pedals control the rudder.<br />
<br />
===Flaps System===<br />
The aircraft's flap system provides more lift (and as a byproduct, drag). The flaps lever has two positions:<br />
* '''NONE:''' This applies no flap whatsoever to the wings of the aircraft.<br />
* '''FULL:''' This applies full movement of flaps to the wings of the aircraft.<br />
<br />
<br />
The flaps lever allows for variable movement, which gives the pilot the ability to control the amount of flap they wish for.<br />
<br />
===Speed Brake===<br />
The speed brake is a flap located on the end of the aircraft designed to provide drag to decelerate faster. It is activated via the speed brake switch on the throttle. The two positions are:<br />
* '''EXT:''' When the switch is moved aft, this extends the speed brake of the aircraft out depending on the airspeed.<br />
* '''RET:''' When the switch is moved forward, this retracts the speed brake.<br />
<br />
===Trim===<br />
The tailerons are capable of being trimmed to make roll and pitch corrections. This is accomplished with the trim hat on the controls stick. When the autopilot system is engaged, the onboard computer will attempt to make active trim movements in order to keep the aircraft within the specified attitude when set, along of the setting parameters. As speed is either gained or lost, the trim will actively move the stick as well along of the tailerons to adapt.<br />
<br />
===Wing Sweep===<br />
The wings of the aircraft are a variable-sweep design allowing for automatic or manual movements from pilot input on the right throttle quadrant. Similar to wing fold, the wings are able to be overswept from its maximum position through a master reset of the system in order to allow tighter space and closer parking on the carrier deck.<br />
<br />
==Landing Gear==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat has 3 retractable landing gears: the nose gear, the left gear, and the right gear. The gear is moved via the gear lever on the left side of the cockpit. In the up position, the gear will retract. In the down position, the gear will extend. The gear lever cannot be put up with weight on wheels. The gear will not retract with the launch bar extended.<br />
<br />
===Nosewheel Steering===<br />
The nose gear features nosewheel steering (NWS) controlled by the rudder pedals. With the weight off of the wheels, it is disengaged. It automatically engages upon there being the weight on wheels. NWS is disengaged manually via the button on the stick.<br />
<br />
===Launch Bar===<br />
On the front nosegear is a launch bar that attaches the airplane to a catapult from launches from an aircraft carrier. Its deployment is pilot-controlled, but it is connected to the catapult by the ground crew (DCS default binding is U).<br />
<br />
It is controlled via the launch bar switch on the left upper console. When the switch in the RETRACT position, the launch bar will retract, but physically cannot do so when connected to the catapult. The switch will move to the RETRACT position automatically when there is a weight off wheels. In the EXTEND position, the launch bar will extend if there is the weight on wheels.<br />
<br />
=Autopilot and Autothrottle=<br />
----<br />
The F-14 Tomcat has the ability to automate certain types of flight via its Automatic Flight Control System (AFCS) and Automatic Throttle Control (ATC). The AFCS, or simply the autopilot, control the flight surfaces and the ATC controls the throttles.<br />
<br />
==AFCS==<br />
[[File:afcs.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The Automatic Flight Control System (AFCS), or just the "autopilot", controls the aircraft's flight controls to automate maneuvering. It is interfaced on the autopilot panel via the A/P engage switch. On the autopilot panel, there are 7 modes able to be toggled:<br />
# '''Pitch Stabilizer Augmentation:''' 2-position switch. This switch controls the ability for the pitch to be augmented for dampening.<br />
# '''Roll Stabilizer Augmentation:''' 2-position switch. This switch controls the ability for the roll to be augmented for dampening.<br />
# '''Yaw Stabilizer Augmentation:''' 2-position switch. This switch controls the ability for the yaw to be augmented for dampening.<br />
# '''VEC/PCD/ACL Switch:''' 3-position switch. This switch controls the remote control modes of autopilot with the steering bars and ACLS.<br />
# '''ALT Switch:''' 2-position switch.' This switch controls the ability to maintain the current altitude when autopilot is engaged.<br />
# '''HDG/GT Switch:''' 3-position switch. This switch controls the ability to maintain the current heading when autopilot is engaged.<br />
# '''ENGAGE Switch:''' 2-position switch. This switch engages and disengages the autopilot.<br />
<br />
==ATC==<br />
The automatic throttle control (ATC), or just "autothrottle", controls the physical throttles and thereby automated thrust control. ATC is toggled via ATC engage/disengage switch next to the throttle. When the ATC is engaged, the physical means of the throttle quadrants will begin to move on their own. However, whenever the pilot makes any new movement to the throttle whatsoever, the ATC will disengage to allow pilot control over both of the engines. The ATC is primarily used for landing on a carrier along of the ACLS system.<br />
<br />
=Digital Systems Overview=<br />
----<br />
[[File:displays.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
==Pilot==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat comes with 2 digital display screens in the Pilot cockpit:<br />
* '''Vertical Display Indicator (VDI):''' a multifunction display that allows for the pilot to see their HUD in a form of a repeater, and the [[#Television Camera Set|TCS]].<br />
* '''Horizontal Situation Display Indicator (HSD):''' a multifunction display that allows for the pilot to see their virtual compass for navigation modes, and the [[#AWG-9 Pulse-Doppler Radar|AWG-9 Radar]] from the RIO TID as a repeater.<br />
<br />
===Heads Up Display===<br />
The head-up display (HUD) is a projected display at the front of the cockpit that serves as the primary flight instrument. It also provides various indications for weapon delivery; this section will cover the HUD's indications in NAV master mode. Master mode/weapon-specific indications on the HUD will be covered in the relevant section.<br />
<br />
====Reject Modes====<br />
Via the switches next to the TO button on the displays panel, you are able to "declutter" or remove information off of the HUD.<br />
<br />
==Radar Intercept Officer==<br />
The Radar Intercept Officer (RIO) comes with 3 digital display screens in the RIO cockpit:<br />
* '''Detail Data Display (DDD):''' a dual-purpose display that allows for the RIO to see contacts on the [[#AWG-9 Pulse-Doppler Radar|radar]], based on the range and radar mode.<br />
* '''Tactical Information Display (TID):''' a multi-purpose display that allows for the RIO to see their [[#AWG-9 Pulse-Doppler Radar|AWG-9]] situational awareness, [[#Television Camera Set|TCS]], [[#TARPS Pod|TARPS]] and [[#LANTIRN Targeting Pod|LANTIRN]] pods.<br />
* '''Horizontal Situation Display Indicator (HSD):''' a multi-purpose display as to the one in the pilot cockpit.<br />
<br />
==Master Modes==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat has 5 primarily modes for information displayed. The 5 master modes are:<br />
* '''TO:''' switch. Displays takeoff information on HUD and VDI for degrees.<br />
* '''CRUISE:''' single-purpose button. Displays in-air flight information on HUD and VDI for degrees.<br />
* '''A/A:''' single-purpose button. Displays air-to-air information on HUD and VDI for degrees; and weapon employment.<br />
* '''A/G:''' single-purpose button. Displays air-to-ground information on HUD and VDI for degrees; and weapon employment.<br />
* '''LDG:''' single-purpose button. Displays landing information on HUD and VDI for degrees.<br />
<br />
<br />
Additionally, the F-14 Tomcat has an Air Combat Maneuver (ACM) panel which controls all air-to-air and air-to-ground aspects for armament.<br />
<br />
=Navigation=<br />
----<br />
The F-14 Tomcat has an inertial navigation system (INS) that allows the pilot to navigate by internal gyros aligned. However, due to the fault of having no GPS assistance, these gyros slowly drift over time and cause misalignment for visual information.<br />
<br />
==HSD==<br />
[[File:Hsd.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The Horizontal Situation Display Indicator (HSD) is the primary interface with the airplane's navigation systems. The HSI can be accessed from the bottom display screen. The basic function of the HSI is a rotating compass with a looking-from-above perspective. The controls for this screen are:<br />
# '''BRT Control:''' dial. Controls the brightness of the HSD screen.<br />
# '''HDG Control:''' dial. Controls the heading reference in TACAN mode.<br />
# '''CRS Control:''' dial. Controls the course heading reference in MAN and TACAN modes.<br />
# '''Test Button:''' single-purpose button. Resets the HSD screen if overload protection activates.<br />
# '''BIT Indicator:''' light. Shows a white light if a failure produces in the HSD.<br />
<br />
=== Steering Commands ===<br />
The HSD comes with a set of 5 different steering commands, which each have their own purpose towards displaying certain information:<br />
* '''TACAN:''' single-purpose button. Displays information based off of a radio beacon with range and direction.<br />
* '''DEST:''' single-purpose button. Displays information off of a selected waypoint from the RIO with range and direction.<br />
* '''AWL/PCD:''' single-purpose button. Displays information off of an ICLS frequency with azimuth and elevation bars (on VDI and HUD)<br />
* '''VEC:''' single-purpose button. ? (needs more info.)<br />
* '''MAN:''' single-purpose button. Displays information off of an entered heading (HDG Control) with direction.<br />
<br />
==Waypoints==<br />
The F-14B comes with an onboard flight computer system that handles waypoint navigation during in-air flight. The navigation system in the F-14B Tomcat gives a variety of waypoint holders, along with information for a set home plate.<br />
<br />
===Pilot===<br />
For the F-14B pilot, the waypoint information is able to be accessed by the DEST steering command and by using the NAV HSD display mode.<br />
<br />
===Radar Intercept Officer===<br />
For the F-14B Radar Intercept Officer, (RIO) the waypoints must be manually assigned by the RIO through the Computer Address Panel (CAP) system under the TAC DATA category. Once done, the waypoint must be selected through the CAP and entered in with coordinates similar to how INS alignment procedures are done.<br />
<br />
==TACAN==<br />
Tactical Air Navigation (TACAN) is a military radio navigation system. A TACAN beacon allows for an aircraft to determine its bearing and range from it, and using this information can navigate. TACAN's may be ground-based or be broadcasted by an airplane. TACAN channels have two bands, X and Y, and range from 1-126. 2 TACAN channels may be set present in the aircraft by both the Pilot and RIO for simultaneous use.<br />
<br />
The TACAN setting knobs give a range of these options:<br />
*'''T/R:''' Transmit and receive. Gets bearing and range from the TACAN.<br />
*'''RCV:''' Receive. Gets bearing from the TACAN.<br />
*'''A/A:''' Air-to-air TACAN mode.<br />
*'''X:''' Tunes the selected frequency on the X band.<br />
*'''Y:''' Tunes the selected frequency on the Y band.<br />
<br />
==ICLS==<br />
For night and low visibility operations, aircraft carriers have an Instrument Carrier Landing System (ICLS) to allow for instrument approaches to the carrier. ICLS provides horizontal and vertical guidance. The F-14 is equipped with ICLS.<br />
<br />
To activate the airplane's ICLS antenna, an ICLS dial is present to the right of the warning lights advisory panel, with an ARA on/off switch, used to toggle power to the system.<br />
<br />
When ILS is selected on the HSI, two bars, one horizontal and one vertical, appear near the velocity vector on the HUD. These indicate a vertical and horizontal deviation from the optimal glideslope (3°) and course to the deck. When they are both aligned with the velocity vector (making a "+"), the aircraft is on course.<br />
<br />
==ACLS==<br />
For CAT III conditions and poor visibility, the F-14 is equipped with the Automatic Carrier Landing System (ACLS) to allow an automatic flight to the carrier via. a radio-guided input from a Landing Signal Officer. (LSO) The auto-throttle and autopilot systems must be engaged and present during the time of activation with this system, along with lights given to the left of the VDI display.<br />
<br />
Datalink is required between the aircraft and the carrier in order for ACLS to work. When the best position of the azimuth and glideslope bars are within parameters, the nosewheel steering button is pressed in order to engage guidance.<br />
<br />
==Navigation Failures==<br />
The F-14B has a variety of navigation failures that may/can occur, including methods to fix them.<br />
<br />
===Navigation Fix Update===<br />
An error of latitude or longitude in the computer position of the aircraft can be corrected by a navigation fix update. Updating is especially important in the backup modes (AHRS AM and IMU/ AM) because of the estimated winds and magnetic variation changes. A nav fix is done via a ground-reference-point (latitude and longitude) position. The range and bearing of this position to the present aircraft position are used to update or correct existing values. The nav system may be updated by either a radar fix, a TACAN fix, or a visual fix.<br />
<br />
Before performing a nav fix, the latitude and longitude of the desired update point (radar, TACAN, or visual) must be stored in one of eight navigation point locations (three WPs, FIX PT, HOME BASE, HOST AREA, DEF PT, and IP). This data can be stored prior to flight by data link or by manual insertion. Then follow these steps:<br />
<br />
# Hook the Waypoint you choose to select for the nav fix.<br />
# Check the stored latitude and longitude on the TID.<br />
# Rotate the CATEGORY switch to NAV and select the desired type of update.<br />
<br />
<br />
Note that updating the position while in INS, and to a lesser degree while in IMU, can introduce a greater navigational position error than already present, in particular, if radar fix is used to update the nav system. Updates with a visual or TACAN fix provide reasonable accuracy (assuming a good MAG VAR during TACAN updates). Updating your nav system via a nav fix should be primarily used in the AHRS mode.<br />
<br />
===Radar Fix Update===<br />
An RDR FIX may be selected before or after positioning the DDD cursors. If the RDR FIX button is depressed, the computer computes the present position of the aircraft by measuring the range and bearing from the selected point. The delta between the computer position and the position determined by the INS is then displayed on the TID. If the entry of this delta into the navigation computations is desired, press the FIX ENABLE button. If the delta does not appear to be correct, the computer and the readout can be cleared by pressing the RDR FIX button. The fix may then be attempted again. The RIO should also perform periodic checks of own aircraft system altitude and update the altitude if necessary.<br />
<br />
Radar updating is performed as follows:<br />
<br />
# TID CURSOR/CAP - Hook Desired Navigation Point for Update.<br />
# PULSE SRCH button - Depress.<br />
# On sensor control panel: STAB switch - IN. EL BARS switch - 1. AZ SCAN switch - As Desired.<br />
# RDR FIX button - Depress.<br />
# DDD CURSOR button - Depress.<br />
# Action switch - Half Action (first detent).<br />
# Cursor is displayed on DDD.<br />
# Manipulate hand control DDD cursor over desired ground map point.<br />
# Action switch - Full Action and Release. (This will cause the DDD cursor to remain at the selected position.<br />
# Observe the delta for LAT and LONG on TID.<br />
# If readouts are unsatisfactory, deselect RDR FIX and repeat steps 4 through 12.<br />
# FIX ENABLE button - Depress.<br />
<br />
===TACAN Update===<br />
To perform a nav fix by TACAN requires that a restored waypoint shares identical LAT and LONG values with the TACAN station that will be used for the fix. Select the TACAN channel for the desired station and verify by listening to the coded identifier tone in the headset.<br />
<br />
Press the TACAN FIX button to update the aircraft position from a TACAN station. The WCS computer then calculates the own aircraft position error based on the range and bearing from the TACAN station. The delta is then entered in the same manner as with a radar fix.<br />
<br />
Perform a TACAN fix following these steps:<br />
<br />
# Select a TACAN channel whose latitude and longitude correspond to an update point.<br />
# Hook desired update point (WAYPT 1, FIX PT, HOME BASE, etc.).<br />
# CATEGORY switch - NAV.<br />
# TACAN FIX button - Depress.<br />
# Observe present position delta readout.<br />
# If delta is unsatisfactory, deselect TACAN FIX and repeat steps 2 through 7.<br />
# FIX ENABLE button - Depress.<br />
<br />
===Visual Update===<br />
To perform a visual fix, fly over a restored waypoint and press the VIS FIX button. Estimate your timing, because the aircraft nose and fuselage can obscure the fixed point during an overflight. It is also difficult to estimate when directly overhead a waypoint if the aircraft altitude is greater than 10.000 feet. The delta for the visual fix is displayed on the TID. Enter the delta by pressing FIX ENABLE.<br />
<br />
To perform a visual fix use the following steps:<br />
<br />
# Hook desired update point (WAY PT, HB, IP, etc.).<br />
# Select NAV category on CAP.<br />
# Overfly the selected restored point and when over the point, depress the VIS FIX button on the cap.<br />
# If the delta is not satisfactory, press VIS FIX again to clear the delta and repeat from step 1.<br />
# If a satisfactory delta is displayed, depress the FIX ENABLE button; this causes the delta correction of own-aircraft position to be inserted into the computer.<br />
<br />
===Datalink Update===<br />
To perform a data link update of the aircraft INS to the TDS frame of reference, the aircraft and TDS must share a prebriefed waypoint, identical in latitude and longitude. Enter this LAT/LONG data into the HOST AREA pseudo target file. The TDS will uplink the common reference point as a data link waypoint. When the aircraft and TDS INS systems agree, the data link waypoint and host area symbols will be superimposed on the TID. If they drift apart, the two pseudo targets on the TID will drift as well.<br />
<br />
To perform an update via data link, use the following steps:<br />
<br />
# Hook data link waypoint corresponding prebriefed reference point.<br />
# Select NAV category on CAP.<br />
# Overfly the hooked data link waypoint. When immediately over the point, press VIS FIX button on CAP.<br />
# Observe delta LAT and LONG on TID.<br />
# If deltas are satisfactory and update is desired, depress FIX ENABLE.<br />
# After a data link update, HOST AREA and data link waypoint should be superimposed on the TID again.<br />
<br />
===Fighter-to-Fighter Navigation Update===<br />
Net aircraft that use fighter-to-fighter data link can update their navigation system in the FF/DL mode. To update LAT/LONG hook the net aircraft symbol of an aircraft that is in close proximity and select F/F NAV UPDATE on the CAP. This will enter the hooked aircraft’s coordinates into the INS as own-aircraft coordinates. To update the nav system on an aircraft that is not close, first obtain a radar STT on that aircraft, hook the STT-ed aircraft on the TID and then press F/F NAV UPDATE on the CAP.<br />
<br />
=Defensive Systems=<br />
----<br />
The F-14B is equipped with various defensive systems: the AN/ALE-39 Countermeasure Dispensing System (CMDS), for the release of chaff and flares, the AN/ALQ-126 Deception ECM (DECM), for jamming enemy radar, and the AN/ALR-67 Radar Warning Reciever (RWR), for detection of enemy radar emitters and missile launches.<br />
<br />
==AN/ALR-67 RWR==<br />
[[File:alr-67.png|thumb|400px]]<br />
The AN/ALR-67 Radar Warning Receiver (RWR) provides the Hornet the ability to detect radars via the radio/microwave radiation they emit.<br />
<br />
===Audio Tones===<br />
Accompanying the RWR are various audio feedback tones:<br />
*'''Single Beep:''' A new ground- or sea-based emitter has been detected.<br />
*'''Double Beep:''' A new airborne emitter has been detected.<br />
*'''Repeating Beep:''' An emitter is tracking.<br />
*'''Faster Repeating Beep:''' An emitter is guiding a missile or is a missile.<br />
<br />
<br />
On the RWR gauge, the RWR knob will control the volume of the RWR tones.<br />
<br />
===Emitter Identifiers===<br />
''This list is, at present, not complete.''<br />
{|class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"<br />
!Type<br />
!RWR ID<br />
|-<br />
|U<br />
|Unknown<br />
|-<br />
|M<br />
|Active radar-homing missile<br />
|-<br />
|S<br />
|Search radar<br />
|-<br />
|3<br />
|SA-3 "Goa"<br />
|-<br />
|6<br />
|SA-6 "Gainful"<br />
|-<br />
|8<br />
|SA-8 "Gecko"<br />
|-<br />
|10<br />
|SA-10 "Grumble"<br />
|-<br />
|11<br />
|SA-11 "Gadfly"<br />
|-<br />
|11<br />
|F-111 Aardvark<br />
|-<br />
|12<br />
|SA-12 "Gladiator"<br />
|-<br />
|13<br />
|SA-13 "Gopher"<br />
|-<br />
|13<br />
|C-130 Hercules<br />
|-<br />
|14<br />
|F-14 Tomcat<br />
|-<br />
|15<br />
|F-15 Eagle<br />
|-<br />
|15 <br />
|SA-15 "Gauntlet"<br />
|-<br />
|16<br />
|F-16 Fighting Falcon<br />
|-<br />
|17<br />
|C-17 Globemaster III<br />
|-<br />
|18<br />
|F/A-18 Hornet<br />
|-<br />
|22<br />
|Tu-22 "Blinder"<br />
|-<br />
|23<br />
|MiG-23 "Flogger"<br />
|-<br />
|24<br />
|Su-24 "Fencer"<br />
|-<br />
|25<br />
|MiG-25 "Foxbat"<br />
|-<br />
|29<br />
|MiG-29 "Fulcrum"<br />
|-<br />
|29<br />
|Su-27 "Flanker"<br />
|-<br />
|29<br />
|Su-33 "Flanker-D"<br />
|-<br />
|30<br />
|Su-30 "Flanker-C"<br />
|-<br />
|31<br />
|MiG-31 "Foxhound"<br />
|-<br />
|34<br />
|Su-34 "Fullback"<br />
|-<br />
|39<br />
|Su-25M "Frogfoot"<br />
|-<br />
|40<br />
|''Spruance''-class destroyer<br />
|-<br />
|48<br />
|''Nimitz''-class carrier<br />
|-<br />
|49<br />
|''Oliver Hazard Perry''-class frigate<br />
|-<br />
|50<br />
|A-50 "Mainstay"<br />
|-<br />
|52<br />
|B-52 Stratofortress<br />
|-<br />
|76<br />
|IL-76 "Candid"<br />
|-<br />
|78<br />
|IL-78 "Midas"<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==AN/ALE-39 CMDS==<br />
[[File:f14 cms.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The AN/ALE-39 is the countermeasures dispensing set installed in the F-14B in this simulation. It controls its own set of launchers located between the engine nozzles on the underside of the so-called beaver-tail. The launchers each have two sections, one containing 10 cartridges and the other 20. They are referred to the left and right dispensers even though the left is really the front one and the right the back one with both being mounted inline on the left side of the tailhook. This is a remnant from the earliest model F-14s carrying the AN/ALE-29.<br />
<br />
This all sums up to a capacity of 60 cartridges in the system with each section necessarily holding one type of cartridges meaning that any combination of cartridges is possible as long as each type’s quantity is a multiple of 10. The system itself has no real knowledge of what is loaded where so incorrectly programming the system can lead to the wrong type of cartridge being ejected.<br />
<br />
===Cockpit Controls===<br />
The system itself can be operated manually from the control panel in the RIO pit or the DLC thumbwheel on the pilot stick when the flaps lever is in the up position. It is also capable of running programmed sequences of ejection which in turn can be initiated manually by the RIO from the control panel or the direction hats mounted on the handhold over the DDD. In addition, the AN/ALR-67 can also initiate the chaff ejection program if set up correctly on the AN/ALE-39 control panel.<br />
<br />
==AN/ALQ-126 DECM==<br />
The AN/ALQ-126 deception jammer is designed to detect radar threats, analyze them, select the optimum countermeasure technique available and apply it. Available techniques for jamming are amongst others, main lobe blanking, inverse con-scan, range-gate pull-off and swept square modes. In DCS this is modeled as a simple noise jammer due to engine limitations but controlled by the DECM logic as to when it’s on or off.<br />
<br />
===Cockpit Controls===<br />
The controls for the AN/ALQ-126 DECM are all located on the right horizontal panel in the RIO pit, the panel as the image above. In addition, there are two indication lights co-located with the RWR threat indicators on the right side of the TID. The mode selector knob controls power and operational mode that the system is in. The modes for the DECM are as follows:<br />
<br />
* '''OFF:''' turns off power to the system. STBY begins pre-warming of the system, taking in all-around 5 minutes.<br />
* '''TEST HOLD 3 SEC:''' is used to prepare the system for BIT, after 3 seconds in this mode, turn the knob to TEST - ACT.<br />
* '''TEST ACT:''' starts the BIT in the system. The BIT takes approximately 30 seconds and the RCV light will be illuminated the whole time while the XMIT light will flash twice. If the STANDBY light illuminates it indicates that a no-go condition exists in the system.<br />
* '''REC:''' enables the system to receive the only mode, enabling analyzation of threats and also the threat audio.<br />
* '''RPT:''' enables full system functionality, in addition to REC it also now tries to jam threats according to the selected method.<br />
<br />
=Television Camera Set=<br />
----<br />
[[File:tcs_symbology.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The F-14B is outfitted with the ALQ-100 Television Camera Set (TCS) pod, used for visually identifying aircraft during the time of which IFF was not a trusted/more inferior method to confirming hostile aircraft and to keep track of their position, as well as their living status.<br />
<br />
==Symbology==<br />
On the TID, in non-TV mode, a TCS track is indicated by a 1.5” strobe at TCS LOS azimuth with a hollow circle at the end.<br />
<br />
The symbology on the video feed from the TCS has indicators for the FOV and two crosshairs indicating TCS LOS relative own aircraft, GACH, and AN/AWG-9 radar LOS relative TCS LOS, RACH. Additionally, the track window is indicated by 4 small squares representing each corner of that window.<br />
<br />
The gimbal angle crosshairs or GACH, which is a solid cross, indicate deflection of the TCS LOS from the aircraft datum line, ADL. GACH crosshair in the center indicates TCS LOS along ADL and deflection towards the edges indicate deflection towards the gimbal limits with the video edges being maximum deflection.<br />
<br />
RACH or radar angle crosshairs, a dashed crosshair, indicate radar antenna LOS when inside the current TCS FOV. When the sensors slave to one another RACH and GACH will coincide creating a single solid crosshair.<br />
<br />
The track window indicates the area that the TCS contrast tracker is currently locked on to if it has acquired a target. When not in an active track these squares collapse into the center of the display being 2% of the screen width when in manual mode and 5% when in an auto mode.<br />
<br />
=LANTIRN Targeting Pod=<br />
----<br />
[[File:flir.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The F-14B can carry the AN/AAQ-14 Low Altitude Navigation and Targeting Infrared For Night (LANTIRN) targeting pod. This pod consists of a Forward-Looking Infrared (FLIR) camera (which also includes a digital charged coupled device camera) for target locating and observing, a Laser Target Designator/Ranger for firing a laser that both designates targets for laser-homing weapons and gathers ranging information for designating whatever the FLIR is pointed at as an air-to-ground, and a Laser Spot Tracker (LST) which can search for and track a laser, allowing for the FLIR to be cued onto an offboard (ground or air-designated) laser from another unit and then designate a Target off said point; this allows for most effective buddy-lasing. The targeting pod can be used in both air-to-ground and air-to-air functions, but the LTD/R and LST are only used for A/G operation.<br />
<br />
==Symbology==<br />
The following areas on the LANTIRN are to represent:<br />
# '''A/C Position Data:''' Displays aircraft LAT/LON, altitude, and groundspeed information.<br />
# '''LANTIRN Polarity:''' Displays white or hot background. AGC is for automatic gain control, MGC is for manual gain control.<br />
# '''LANTIRN Information:''' Gives general information on the pod. SR is for slant range, AZ/EL for azimuth/elevation of sight, and rest is UTC time.<br />
# '''LANTIRN Track Mode:''' Displays the current tracking mode. A/A is for air-to-air, A/G is for air-to-ground. Right side is for current selected weapon.<br />
# '''Track Data:''' Displays information of LAT/LON and altitude of where the sight is at.<br />
# '''Track:''' Displays the hairs for point and area track, and what the sight is directly pointed at.<br />
# '''Launch Envelopes:''' The top tape is for the heading relative of the aircraft to the track. The right side tape is for the release point.<br />
<br />
=TARPS Pod=<br />
----<br />
Not yet implemented.<br />
<br />
=Air-to-Air Radar=<br />
----<br />
==Detail Data Display==<br />
[[File:f14 ddd.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
Among the 3 digital displays, the Detail Data Display gives the RIO information about contacts from the AWG-9 radar in terms of range and radar mode, with respect to the notch filter.<br />
<br />
===Notch Filter===<br />
The AWG-9 radar in the F-14B Tomcat has a notch filter when using the pulse-doppler radar modes under certain conditions. These conditions include, but are not limited to:<br />
<br />
* ~100 knot difference of the aircraft relative to contact<br />
* Contact flying 90 degrees perpendicular CW/CCW to aircraft<br />
* Masking with ground terrain scan return<br />
<br />
<br />
There is a rough line shown in the radar modes, likewise of the jamming lobe, for when considering the notch filter that the contact will disappear from.<br />
<br />
==Tactical Information Display==<br />
[[File:f14 tid.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The Tactical Information Display (TID) gives the RIO of the F-14B the main information on the AWG-9 radar, including situational awareness, range, altitude, and contact heading.<br />
<br />
===Display Modes===<br />
The TID comes with a total of 8 display modes available, that can be toggled either on or off for purposes of gathering more information or decluttering:<br />
<br />
* '''RID DISABLE:''' ? needs more info. Not yet implemented.<br />
* '''ALT NUM:''' Displays the altitude of contact with a singular digit rounded to the nearest thousand.<br />
* '''SYM ELEM:''' Displays the symbology of contacts corresponding to HAFU.<br />
* '''DATA LINK:''' Displays contacts from the datalink frequency.<br />
* '''JAM STROBE:''' Displays the jamming strobes. Not yet implemented.<br />
* '''NON-ATTK:''' Displays determined (manual IFF or datalink) HAFU of friendly contacts.<br />
* '''VEL VECTOR:''' Displays the velocity vectors of contacts.<br />
* '''LAUNCH ZONE:''' Displays contact approximate missile launch zones.<br />
<br />
==AN/AWG-9 Radar==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat is equipped with the AN/AWG-9 all-weather and pulse-doppler radar. It is a very long-range radar used for the main purpose of intercept.<br />
<br />
===Radar Modes===<br />
The AWG-9 in the F-14B comes with 2 types of radar modes: doppler and pulse-doppler search. Of those two, subsets are able to be observed as 5 in this list:<br />
<br />
* '''PD SRCH:''' Pulse-Doppler Search mode. No bias factor of the radar, but impedes to pulse-doppler methods.<br />
* '''PD STT:''' Pulse-Doppler Single Target Track mode. By default upon acquiring a lock with the AWG-9, the radar will move to this function mode. It is currently suspectable to the notch filter.<br />
* '''RWS:''' Range While Search mode. The radar will prioritize the range of targets but not other factors. Falls under pulse-doppler.<br />
* '''TWS MAN:''' Track While Scan - Manual mode. The radar will prioritize the situational awareness of other targets but not give information on every target. The radar will also prioritize targets by threat importance.<br />
* '''TWS AUTO:''' Track While Scan - Auto mode. The radar will perform the same as TWS Man, but the elevation and azimuth controls will be automated in the process for an optimal scan.<br />
* '''PULSE SRCH:''' Pulse Search mode. No bias factor of the radar and can not be impeded to the notch filter, unlike the pulse-doppler method. The radar will, however, output a return of everything that is scanned and requires tuning.<br />
* '''PULSE STT:''' Pulse Single Target Track mode. Performing similarly to Pulse Search mode, this function mode applies to only a single target and is not suspectable to the notch filter.<br />
<br />
====Pulse-Doppler Search Mode====<br />
[[File:f14 pulsedoppler.png|thumb|350px]]<br />
The pulse-doppler search mode is used mainly as a kind of early warning mode. It is the search mode with the greatest detection range but it can display no range to the RIO, only closure rate. For this reason, the TID can display no track information.<br />
<br />
====Pulse-Doppler STT Mode====<br />
[[File:f14 pdstt.png|thumb|350px]]<br />
The pulse-doppler STT works and looks much like the pulse STT mode. It does, however, have the same advantages and disadvantages compared to pulse STT as the other pulse-doppler modes compared to the pulse modes. This means that while much better at tracking a target close to the ground it is however vulnerable to notching.<br />
<br />
The DDD display for pulse-doppler STT looks like pulse STT display except that the target return and antenna azimuth display are moved to the left side of the screen and a generated synthetic target marker is displayed at the correct azimuth instead. This is so that the targets range can be displayed by the synthetic target, unlike the other pulse-doppler modes which only shows closure rate. The other symbology on the DDD in this mode are the same as in pulse STT.<br />
<br />
====Range While Search Mode====<br />
In range while search, a frequency measuring ranging mode is added (FM ranging) to allow the radar to measure the range of tracked targets in addition to closure rate. This additional processing does, however, mean that the effective range of the radar is somewhat lesser. The display on the DDD is the same as in pulse-doppler search, the TID however also shows tracks in this mode showing the targets as tracks momentarily as they’re scanned and displaying their position and altitude. <br />
<br />
The targets are shown for a maximum of two seconds or until the antenna again scans the same bar at the same azimuth at which time it is removed unless detected again. The maximum number of concurrently shown tracks are 48.<br />
<br />
====TWS Manual Mode====<br />
The track, while scan mode uses the same FM ranging as RWS with the same reduction in range compared to pulse-doppler search and the DDD display, is also the same. The main difference that the computer establishes track files and tracks up to 24 targets concurrently of which 18 can be shown on the TID at any given time.<br />
<br />
As the computer routine calculating these tracks need a set track refresh time of 2 seconds this limits available azimuth scan area and bar settings to either 20° 4 bars or 40° 2 bars. When entering TWS the computer automatically selects the ±20° 4 bar scan disregarding the RIO set scan volumes unless those are set to ±40° 2 bars in which case that is used instead.<br />
<br />
The TWS mode is also the only mode enabling guidance of the AIM-54 at multiple targets (up to six), and as soon as engageable targets are detected the computer starts assigning them a missile priority number according to optimal missile firing sequence.<br />
<br />
====TWS Auto Mode====<br />
Performing similarly to TWS Man mode, what differs between the two is that in TWS auto the computer takes control of used scan volume and scan pattern azimuth and elevation as soon as target tracks are present. The WCS computer automatically tries to optimize the scan volume and direction so that tracking of the prioritized targets is maximized. If not selected before launch the WCS overrides as soon as the first AIM-54 is launched and selects TWS Auto.<br />
<br />
====Pulse Search Mode====<br />
[[File:f14 pulse.png|thumb|350px]]<br />
Pulse search is used to search for and find airborne targets at range. It is possible to use this radar mode as a basic ground mapper as well which can be useful for navigation and navigational fixes and can also be used in a pinch to detect larger surface targets like ships. Keep in mind though that the radar is not built with this as its main function and that a real air-to-ground radar will outperform it handily.<br />
<br />
In this mode, the radar cannot by itself differentiate targets and generate tracks meaning that the WCS will not generate track files and display anything on the TID. This also means that pulse search is not capable of guiding missiles.<br />
<br />
====Pulse STT Mode====<br />
[[File:f14 pstt.png|thumb|350px]]<br />
Pulse STT is used to track a single target, like pulse search mode it is not susceptible to notching but it is to ground clutter. The fact that the STT modes use gates to track the target, in this case, range gates, means that it is less susceptible to ground clutter but a target close enough to the ground that the ground return enters the range gates would be likely to shake the lock.<br />
<br />
As it is only in the pulse-doppler modes that the missile guidance commands can be sent pulse STT is limited to launching AIM-7s in CW mode and AIM-54s in an active launch mode limiting their ranges. At short ranges, ACM ranges, it is possible to use the ASPECT switch to set what aspect of the target to track, this is just to counter different types of countermeasures. As an example, if set to NOSE the radar will be less susceptible to chaff as the radar weights its track towards the targets leading-edge (nose) away from the chaff being launched behind the target.<br />
<br />
A successful track is indicated by the ANT TRK and RDROT indicator lights on the DDD, meaning that the antenna is tracking the target and that the target is within the range gates. If the target is jamming with sufficient strength, negating a range track, the radar will transition to a jam angle track instead, indicated by the JAT indicator light on the DDD illuminating instead of the RDROT. When range tracking is again possible at closer ranges the radar will transition to that instead.<br />
<br />
The DDD in this mode will be similar to the pulse search mode but the antenna will be locked onto the target and not scan. Additionally, the DDD will show the range gates around the target, a closing rate symbol at the right scale and applicable attack symbology if a valid missile is selected.<br />
<br />
===Anti-Jamming Modes===<br />
Not yet implemented.<br />
<br />
===AN/APX-76 IFF Interrogator===<br />
The AN/APX-76 IFF (Identification Friend or Foe) interrogator is integrated into the AN/AWG-9 operation. Then interrogator antenna itself is located on the AN/AWG-9 antenna gimbal platform. An IFF system works by sending out an interrogation pulse and then listening for returns from cooperating transponders. In addition to the unencrypted civilian mode the AN/APX-76 is capable of interrogating in the encrypted military mode 4. This ensures that targets replying to mode 4 interrogations are indeed friendly. The AN/APX-76 can be used both in search radar modes and in STT radar modes. To enable interrogation the IFF switch is depressed on the Detail Data Display Panel which then activates the interrogator for as long as the button is held up to 10 seconds max.<br />
<br />
When enabled IFF received IFF returns are then overlaid on the normal AN/AWG-9 radar returns on the DDD. A friendly target will be indicated with two bars, one above and one below the normal radar return. As the AN/APX-76 is a separate radar, secondary mode, radar apart from the AWG-9 the IFF can sometimes also detect targets not detected by the AWG-9. In this case the IFF return will not have a radar echo inside it. In the search mode this is overlaid over each target replying and in STT over the STT target. Additionally, if the STT target is hooked on the TID the DDD will switch from normal range display to a ±10 NM display to enable display of multiple returns in case of closely grouped targets.<br />
<br />
==HAFU/Datalink==<br />
[[File:HAFU.png|right|80px]]<br />
Hostile, Ambiguous, Friendly or Unknown (HAFU) is a symbology system used by the F/A-18 to represent trackfiles; specifically, to show its status as a friendly or hostile. It is usually what trackfiles are displayed as across the software.<br />
<br />
There are four HAFU symbols:<br />
*'''Triangle:''' Hostile (red when colored)<br />
*'''Thick Staple:''' Ambiguous (yellow when colored)<br />
*'''Half-Circle:''' Friendly (green when colored)<br />
*'''Thin Staple:''' Unknown (yellow when colored)<br />
<br />
<br />
All types except ambiguous can be manually assigned via the [[#SA Format|Situational Awareness]] format. Tracks will also be automatically identified as explained below.<br />
<br />
A hostile HAFU will be assigned whenever:<br />
* A negative IFF response is returned, and<br />
** An NCTR print returns with an aircraft type that is on the hostile coalition; or<br />
** A SURV (surveillance, like an AWACS) source over datalink also marks it hostile; or<br />
** A F/F (fighter-fighter, like another F/A-18) source over datalink also marks it hostile.<br />
<br />
<br />
An ambiguous HAFU will be assigned when the aircraft and a donor have conflicting identifications (friendly and hostile).<br />
<br />
A friendly HAFU will be assigned whenever an IFF interrogation returns as friendly or the track itself is contributed to by the Precise Participant Location and Identification (PPLI) system.<br />
<br />
An unknown HAFU will be assigned by default until it is updated by meeting one of the requirements above.<br />
<br />
=Air-to-Air Weapons=<br />
----<br />
This area will cover over all the different air-to-air weapons brought with the F-14B Tomcat.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Air Gun==<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Air Missiles==<br />
===AIM-54 Phoenix===<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
====AIM-54A Mk.60====<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
====AIM-54C Mk.47====<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
====AIM-7 Sparrow====<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
====AIM-9 Sidewinder====<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
=Resources=<br />
----<br />
==Manuals & Documents==<br />
* [https://info.publicintelligence.net/F14AAP-1B.pdf F-14B NATOPS Pocket Checklist]<br />
* [http://www.heatblur.se/F-14Manual/ Heatblur F-14 Manual]<br />
<br />
==Heatblur's Videos==<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q1o7E9pb95Y Episode 1: Overview]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OO3IdQjAdDA Episode 2: Pilot's Cockpit Walkaround]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ws1GxPG2ZXw Episode 3: Cold And Dark (Full Startup)]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kgpGO7fj4oU Episode 4: The RIO's Office]<br />
<br />
==Jabbers' Tutorial Videos==<br />
(They're good!)<br />
<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2qwlJs__iYk Pilot - Startup/Taxi/Takeoff with JESTER AI]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b5opjCygZug Pilot - Maneuvering and Flight Characteristics]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f4y2oZ-7rM8 Pilot - Air-to-Air Refueling]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ujk4hL_EnUc Pilot - ACM - Radar Acquisition Modes]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wftck0C3fJ8 Pilot - Weapons - Zuni Rockets with JESTER AI]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4m-Q02gxFEA Pilot - Weapons - AIM-9 Sidewinder]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SWeHtpJ00JI RIO - Startup]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r4-Dd4ss2Rc RIO - AWG-9 Radar]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YG7sWweg2RQ RIO - IFF Interrogation]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2q-bHFyTEr8 Overview - AIM-54C Mk.47 Phoenix - Tacview Debrief]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PyAQpqVhtBY Overview - AIM-54A Mk.60 Phoenix - Tacview Debrief]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4groy-_Bxfk Quick Tips - AIM-54 Phoenix]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Is3AtOX-abw Quick Tips - Bombing]</div>Siriushttps://wiki.hoggitworld.com/index.php?title=F-14A/B&diff=10572F-14A/B2019-09-03T02:40:59Z<p>Sirius: /* Air-to-Air Weapons */</p>
<hr />
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{{ModuleInfo<br />
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<br />
''Credits to Jak for having the [[F/A-18C]] page serve as a guide and filler content on related systems.''<br />
<br />
The Grumman '''F-14A/B''' Tomcat is a two-seat, twin-engine supersonic variable wing-sweep fighter aircraft. The F-14 was the first US fighter jet with twin tails and was the largest & heaviest US fighter to ever fly from an aircraft carrier. The reason that the F-14 was so incredibly large and heavy was that it carried the large AWG-9 radar and accompanying AIM-54 Phoenix (air-to-air) missiles: this very capable combination allowed the F-14 to make shots of up to 200 nautical miles at the bad guys. Also, being big means you can carry a lot of fuel!<br />
<br />
Of course, the practical range of the AWG-9 is rather more limited, especially if you are shooting at more maneuverable fighter-sized targets, but even at these closer ranges, the AIM-54 Phoenix is still a capable missile that should not be underestimated. The F-14 is also capable of carrying an array of air-to-ground weapons, such as dumb bombs in both high and low drag forms, air-to-ground Zuni rockets and even laser-guided bombs, which can be self-designated using the LANTIRN targeting pod on the F-14.<br />
<br />
Most people will recognize and adore the F-14 because of its stardom presence in that one weird volleyball movie from the '80s. Its on-screen presence in movies will make the F-14 to appear docile and easy to fly, but due to lack of a fly-by-wire the F-14 can be a real handful: it being a pilot's aircraft however makes it fun to fly and learn. The analogous nature of the F-14 (comparable to the F-5E II Tigershark) will give you a good knowledge of the airplane over time but requires a bit of a different mindset that the computerized flight of the F/A-18C and the F-15.<br />
<br />
__TOC__<br />
<br />
=Weapons List=<br />
----<br />
==Implemented==<br />
Partially or fully implemented weapons of the F14/A/B Tomcat:<br />
* M61 Vulcan Six-Barreled Gatling Gun<br />
* AIM-7M/F Sparrow<br />
* CAP/AIM-9M Sidewinder<br />
* AIM-54A Phoenix Mk. 60<br />
* AIM-54C Phoenix Mk. 47<br />
* Mk-81, 82, 83, and 84 <br />
* GBU-10, 12, 16, and 24 <br />
* MK-20 Rockeye<br />
* Zuni Rockets<br />
* BDU-33 Practice Bombs<br />
* ADM-141 TALD<br />
* LUU-2 Parachute Flare<br />
* Smokewinder<br />
* LANTIRN Pod<br />
* FPU-1 Fuel Tank<br />
<br />
==Planned==<br />
Weapons not yet implemented into the Tomcat:<br />
* TARPS Pod<br />
<br />
=Hands On Throttle And Stick (HOTAS)=<br />
----<br />
==Throttle==<br />
[[File:throttle.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The throttle of the F-14 Tomcat consists of 2 quadrants, both for the left and right engines. There is an afterburner detent along with a cutoff detent for maximum throttle and shutdown of the engine for each quadrant.<br />
<br />
The throttle has the following controls:<br />
# '''Speed Brake Switch:''' 2-position switch. "EXT" is a momentary and needed input position that extends the speed brake outward depending on the aircraft speed.<br />
# '''Wing Sweep Switch:''' 4-way hat switch. "AUTO" sets the wing to sweep automatically determined by an onboard computer, "BOMB" sets the wing to sweep in an angled position between fully extended and retracted and dependent on speed for the air-to-ground bombing.<br />
# '''PLM Button:''' multifunction button. When the steering command is in A2A mode, this acts as a pilot lock-on tool for the AWG-9 radar. But when used for landing and/or in the LDG steering command mode, this allows for disengagement of the ACLS.<br />
# '''CAGE/SEAM Button:''' multifunction button. When the steering command is in A2A mode, this allows for CAGE/SEAM lock-on of the AIM-9 Sidewinder. But when used for landing and/or in the LDG steering command mode, this allows for disengagement of the APC.<br />
# '''Exterior Light Switch:''' 2-position switch. Used to toggle the exterior lights of the aircraft.<br />
# '''ICS PTT Switch:''' 2-position switch. Acts as a push-to-talk system for the ICS system inside of the aircraft used between the Pilot and RIO. (or JESTER AI)<br />
<br />
==Control Stick==<br />
[[File:stick.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The control stick is located in the center of the cockpit, mounted onto the floor. Left and right movements of the control stick direct hydraulic movement to the spoilers and horizontal stabilizers of the aircraft. Forward and backward movement result to respectively the same but to the horizontal stabilizers.<br />
<br />
The control stick has the following controls:<br />
# '''Bomb Release Button:''' single-purpose button. When pressed in A2G steering command mode, all pylons selected with bombs will release respective of the ripple settings, type, and interval.<br />
# '''Trim Hat:''' 4-way hat switch. Upward movement moves the aircraft downward, and downward movement moves the aircraft upward. Both left and right movements follow to their directions according to their name.<br />
# '''Weapon Select Hat:''' 4-way hat switch. Bottom selection is OFF, and a ridge requires a momentary push action to move in/out of to GUN. Following all to the top are SW, then SP/PH which requires a momentary push action to switch between.<br />
# '''DLC & Maneuver Flap Command Wheel:''' scrollable dial. Moving it with the landing gears fully deployed acts as a variable control for spoiler extension. With the landing gears up, the dial also acts the same but for flaps and slats.<br />
# '''DLC Engage/Disengage & CMS Dispense Button:''' multifunction button. When pressed with the landing gears fully deployed, this controls the engagement and disengagement of the DLC system. But with the landing gears fully retracted, this allows for pilot control of the CMS system.<br />
# '''Autopilot Reference & NWS Button:''' multifunction button. When the aircraft is up in the air, this controls specific autopilot settings. But when the aircraft is on the ground, this controls the activation of the nosewheel steering system.<br />
# '''Autopilot Emergency Disengage Paddle:''' multifunction button. Disengages all autopilot modes and DLC and releases all autopilot switches and roll and pitch SAS switches to OFF position.<br />
# '''Weapon Firing Trigger:''' two-stage trigger switch. The first detent enables CTVS and gun camera. Second detent releases selected forwards firing the weapon.<br />
<br />
=Flight Controls & Landing Gear=<br />
----<br />
==Flight Controls==<br />
[[File:Wheels-flaps.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The F-14B has a large hydraulic system which covers for all of the control surfaces of the aircraft. Without the hydraulic system, or taking damage the controls are in risk of improperly working. The F-14 Tomcat was the last of its generation to have no integration of an FBW or FCS system, which was introduced with the F-15 Eagle.<br />
<br />
The F-14's primary flight controls are:<br />
* '''Left Spoilers (LES):''' A set of spoilers that lie within the left wing of the aircraft that help with aileron movement and control that react opposite of the intended direction.<br />
* '''Right Spoilers (RES):''' A set of spoilers that lie within the right wing of the aircraft that help with aileron movement and control that react opposite of the intended direction.<br />
* '''Tailerons (TAIL):''' Two horizontal stabilizers located on the rear end of the aircraft that control both pitch and aileron movement.<br />
* '''Leading Edge Flaps (LEF):''' Normal slats located on the leading (front) edge of the wings to add lift.<br />
* '''Trailing Edge Flaps (TEF):''' Normal flaps located on the trailing (back) edge of the wings to add lift.<br />
<br />
<br />
The control stick controls the stabilators, ailerons, and rudder and the rudder pedals control the rudder.<br />
<br />
===Flaps System===<br />
The aircraft's flap system provides more lift (and as a byproduct, drag). The flaps lever has two positions:<br />
* '''NONE:''' This applies no flap whatsoever to the wings of the aircraft.<br />
* '''FULL:''' This applies full movement of flaps to the wings of the aircraft.<br />
<br />
<br />
The flaps lever allows for variable movement, which gives the pilot the ability to control the amount of flap they wish for.<br />
<br />
===Speed Brake===<br />
The speed brake is a flap located on the end of the aircraft designed to provide drag to decelerate faster. It is activated via the speed brake switch on the throttle. The two positions are:<br />
* '''EXT:''' When the switch is moved aft, this extends the speed brake of the aircraft out depending on the airspeed.<br />
* '''RET:''' When the switch is moved forward, this retracts the speed brake.<br />
<br />
===Trim===<br />
The tailerons are capable of being trimmed to make roll and pitch corrections. This is accomplished with the trim hat on the controls stick. When the autopilot system is engaged, the onboard computer will attempt to make active trim movements in order to keep the aircraft within the specified attitude when set, along of the setting parameters. As speed is either gained or lost, the trim will actively move the stick as well along of the tailerons to adapt.<br />
<br />
===Wing Sweep===<br />
The wings of the aircraft are a variable-sweep design allowing for automatic or manual movements from pilot input on the right throttle quadrant. Similar to wing fold, the wings are able to be overswept from its maximum position through a master reset of the system in order to allow tighter space and closer parking on the carrier deck.<br />
<br />
==Landing Gear==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat has 3 retractable landing gears: the nose gear, the left gear, and the right gear. The gear is moved via the gear lever on the left side of the cockpit. In the up position, the gear will retract. In the down position, the gear will extend. The gear lever cannot be put up with weight on wheels. The gear will not retract with the launch bar extended.<br />
<br />
===Nosewheel Steering===<br />
The nose gear features nosewheel steering (NWS) controlled by the rudder pedals. With the weight off of the wheels, it is disengaged. It automatically engages upon there being the weight on wheels. NWS is disengaged manually via the button on the stick.<br />
<br />
===Launch Bar===<br />
On the front nosegear is a launch bar that attaches the airplane to a catapult from launches from an aircraft carrier. Its deployment is pilot-controlled, but it is connected to the catapult by the ground crew (DCS default binding is U).<br />
<br />
It is controlled via the launch bar switch on the left upper console. When the switch in the RETRACT position, the launch bar will retract, but physically cannot do so when connected to the catapult. The switch will move to the RETRACT position automatically when there is a weight off wheels. In the EXTEND position, the launch bar will extend if there is the weight on wheels.<br />
<br />
=Autopilot and Autothrottle=<br />
----<br />
The F-14 Tomcat has the ability to automate certain types of flight via its Automatic Flight Control System (AFCS) and Automatic Throttle Control (ATC). The AFCS, or simply the autopilot, control the flight surfaces and the ATC controls the throttles.<br />
<br />
==AFCS==<br />
[[File:afcs.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The Automatic Flight Control System (AFCS), or just the "autopilot", controls the aircraft's flight controls to automate maneuvering. It is interfaced on the autopilot panel via the A/P engage switch. On the autopilot panel, there are 7 modes able to be toggled:<br />
# '''Pitch Stabilizer Augmentation:''' 2-position switch. This switch controls the ability for the pitch to be augmented for dampening.<br />
# '''Roll Stabilizer Augmentation:''' 2-position switch. This switch controls the ability for the roll to be augmented for dampening.<br />
# '''Yaw Stabilizer Augmentation:''' 2-position switch. This switch controls the ability for the yaw to be augmented for dampening.<br />
# '''VEC/PCD/ACL Switch:''' 3-position switch. This switch controls the remote control modes of autopilot with the steering bars and ACLS.<br />
# '''ALT Switch:''' 2-position switch.' This switch controls the ability to maintain the current altitude when autopilot is engaged.<br />
# '''HDG/GT Switch:''' 3-position switch. This switch controls the ability to maintain the current heading when autopilot is engaged.<br />
# '''ENGAGE Switch:''' 2-position switch. This switch engages and disengages the autopilot.<br />
<br />
==ATC==<br />
The automatic throttle control (ATC), or just "autothrottle", controls the physical throttles and thereby automated thrust control. ATC is toggled via ATC engage/disengage switch next to the throttle. When the ATC is engaged, the physical means of the throttle quadrants will begin to move on their own. However, whenever the pilot makes any new movement to the throttle whatsoever, the ATC will disengage to allow pilot control over both of the engines. The ATC is primarily used for landing on a carrier along of the ACLS system.<br />
<br />
=Digital Systems Overview=<br />
----<br />
[[File:displays.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
==Pilot==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat comes with 2 digital display screens in the Pilot cockpit:<br />
* '''Vertical Display Indicator (VDI):''' a multifunction display that allows for the pilot to see their HUD in a form of a repeater, and the [[#Television Camera Set|TCS]].<br />
* '''Horizontal Situation Display Indicator (HSD):''' a multifunction display that allows for the pilot to see their virtual compass for navigation modes, and the [[#AWG-9 Pulse-Doppler Radar|AWG-9 Radar]] from the RIO TID as a repeater.<br />
<br />
===Heads Up Display===<br />
The head-up display (HUD) is a projected display at the front of the cockpit that serves as the primary flight instrument. It also provides various indications for weapon delivery; this section will cover the HUD's indications in NAV master mode. Master mode/weapon-specific indications on the HUD will be covered in the relevant section.<br />
<br />
====Reject Modes====<br />
Via the switches next to the TO button on the displays panel, you are able to "declutter" or remove information off of the HUD.<br />
<br />
==Radar Intercept Officer==<br />
The Radar Intercept Officer (RIO) comes with 3 digital display screens in the RIO cockpit:<br />
* '''Detail Data Display (DDD):''' a dual-purpose display that allows for the RIO to see contacts on the [[#AWG-9 Pulse-Doppler Radar|radar]], based on the range and radar mode.<br />
* '''Tactical Information Display (TID):''' a multi-purpose display that allows for the RIO to see their [[#AWG-9 Pulse-Doppler Radar|AWG-9]] situational awareness, [[#Television Camera Set|TCS]], [[#TARPS Pod|TARPS]] and [[#LANTIRN Targeting Pod|LANTIRN]] pods.<br />
* '''Horizontal Situation Display Indicator (HSD):''' a multi-purpose display as to the one in the pilot cockpit.<br />
<br />
==Master Modes==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat has 5 primarily modes for information displayed. The 5 master modes are:<br />
* '''TO:''' switch. Displays takeoff information on HUD and VDI for degrees.<br />
* '''CRUISE:''' single-purpose button. Displays in-air flight information on HUD and VDI for degrees.<br />
* '''A/A:''' single-purpose button. Displays air-to-air information on HUD and VDI for degrees; and weapon employment.<br />
* '''A/G:''' single-purpose button. Displays air-to-ground information on HUD and VDI for degrees; and weapon employment.<br />
* '''LDG:''' single-purpose button. Displays landing information on HUD and VDI for degrees.<br />
<br />
<br />
Additionally, the F-14 Tomcat has an Air Combat Maneuver (ACM) panel which controls all air-to-air and air-to-ground aspects for armament.<br />
<br />
=Navigation=<br />
----<br />
The F-14 Tomcat has an inertial navigation system (INS) that allows the pilot to navigate by internal gyros aligned. However, due to the fault of having no GPS assistance, these gyros slowly drift over time and cause misalignment for visual information.<br />
<br />
==HSD==<br />
[[File:Hsd.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The Horizontal Situation Display Indicator (HSD) is the primary interface with the airplane's navigation systems. The HSI can be accessed from the bottom display screen. The basic function of the HSI is a rotating compass with a looking-from-above perspective. The controls for this screen are:<br />
# '''BRT Control:''' dial. Controls the brightness of the HSD screen.<br />
# '''HDG Control:''' dial. Controls the heading reference in TACAN mode.<br />
# '''CRS Control:''' dial. Controls the course heading reference in MAN and TACAN modes.<br />
# '''Test Button:''' single-purpose button. Resets the HSD screen if overload protection activates.<br />
# '''BIT Indicator:''' light. Shows a white light if a failure produces in the HSD.<br />
<br />
=== Steering Commands ===<br />
The HSD comes with a set of 5 different steering commands, which each have their own purpose towards displaying certain information:<br />
* '''TACAN:''' single-purpose button. Displays information based off of a radio beacon with range and direction.<br />
* '''DEST:''' single-purpose button. Displays information off of a selected waypoint from the RIO with range and direction.<br />
* '''AWL/PCD:''' single-purpose button. Displays information off of an ICLS frequency with azimuth and elevation bars (on VDI and HUD)<br />
* '''VEC:''' single-purpose button. ? (needs more info.)<br />
* '''MAN:''' single-purpose button. Displays information off of an entered heading (HDG Control) with direction.<br />
<br />
==Waypoints==<br />
The F-14B comes with an onboard flight computer system that handles waypoint navigation during in-air flight. The navigation system in the F-14B Tomcat gives a variety of waypoint holders, along with information for a set home plate.<br />
<br />
===Pilot===<br />
For the F-14B pilot, the waypoint information is able to be accessed by the DEST steering command and by using the NAV HSD display mode.<br />
<br />
===Radar Intercept Officer===<br />
For the F-14B Radar Intercept Officer, (RIO) the waypoints must be manually assigned by the RIO through the Computer Address Panel (CAP) system under the TAC DATA category. Once done, the waypoint must be selected through the CAP and entered in with coordinates similar to how INS alignment procedures are done.<br />
<br />
==TACAN==<br />
Tactical Air Navigation (TACAN) is a military radio navigation system. A TACAN beacon allows for an aircraft to determine its bearing and range from it, and using this information can navigate. TACAN's may be ground-based or be broadcasted by an airplane. TACAN channels have two bands, X and Y, and range from 1-126. 2 TACAN channels may be set present in the aircraft by both the Pilot and RIO for simultaneous use.<br />
<br />
The TACAN setting knobs give a range of these options:<br />
*'''T/R:''' Transmit and receive. Gets bearing and range from the TACAN.<br />
*'''RCV:''' Receive. Gets bearing from the TACAN.<br />
*'''A/A:''' Air-to-air TACAN mode.<br />
*'''X:''' Tunes the selected frequency on the X band.<br />
*'''Y:''' Tunes the selected frequency on the Y band.<br />
<br />
==ICLS==<br />
For night and low visibility operations, aircraft carriers have an Instrument Carrier Landing System (ICLS) to allow for instrument approaches to the carrier. ICLS provides horizontal and vertical guidance. The F-14 is equipped with ICLS.<br />
<br />
To activate the airplane's ICLS antenna, an ICLS dial is present to the right of the warning lights advisory panel, with an ARA on/off switch, used to toggle power to the system.<br />
<br />
When ILS is selected on the HSI, two bars, one horizontal and one vertical, appear near the velocity vector on the HUD. These indicate a vertical and horizontal deviation from the optimal glideslope (3°) and course to the deck. When they are both aligned with the velocity vector (making a "+"), the aircraft is on course.<br />
<br />
==ACLS==<br />
For CAT III conditions and poor visibility, the F-14 is equipped with the Automatic Carrier Landing System (ACLS) to allow an automatic flight to the carrier via. a radio-guided input from a Landing Signal Officer. (LSO) The auto-throttle and autopilot systems must be engaged and present during the time of activation with this system, along with lights given to the left of the VDI display.<br />
<br />
Datalink is required between the aircraft and the carrier in order for ACLS to work. When the best position of the azimuth and glideslope bars are within parameters, the nosewheel steering button is pressed in order to engage guidance.<br />
<br />
==Navigation Failures==<br />
The F-14B has a variety of navigation failures that may/can occur, including methods to fix them.<br />
<br />
===Navigation Fix Update===<br />
An error of latitude or longitude in the computer position of the aircraft can be corrected by a navigation fix update. Updating is especially important in the backup modes (AHRS AM and IMU/ AM) because of the estimated winds and magnetic variation changes. A nav fix is done via a ground-reference-point (latitude and longitude) position. The range and bearing of this position to the present aircraft position are used to update or correct existing values. The nav system may be updated by either a radar fix, a TACAN fix, or a visual fix.<br />
<br />
Before performing a nav fix, the latitude and longitude of the desired update point (radar, TACAN, or visual) must be stored in one of eight navigation point locations (three WPs, FIX PT, HOME BASE, HOST AREA, DEF PT, and IP). This data can be stored prior to flight by data link or by manual insertion. Then follow these steps:<br />
<br />
# Hook the Waypoint you choose to select for the nav fix.<br />
# Check the stored latitude and longitude on the TID.<br />
# Rotate the CATEGORY switch to NAV and select the desired type of update.<br />
<br />
<br />
Note that updating the position while in INS, and to a lesser degree while in IMU, can introduce a greater navigational position error than already present, in particular, if radar fix is used to update the nav system. Updates with a visual or TACAN fix provide reasonable accuracy (assuming a good MAG VAR during TACAN updates). Updating your nav system via a nav fix should be primarily used in the AHRS mode.<br />
<br />
===Radar Fix Update===<br />
An RDR FIX may be selected before or after positioning the DDD cursors. If the RDR FIX button is depressed, the computer computes the present position of the aircraft by measuring the range and bearing from the selected point. The delta between the computer position and the position determined by the INS is then displayed on the TID. If the entry of this delta into the navigation computations is desired, press the FIX ENABLE button. If the delta does not appear to be correct, the computer and the readout can be cleared by pressing the RDR FIX button. The fix may then be attempted again. The RIO should also perform periodic checks of own aircraft system altitude and update the altitude if necessary.<br />
<br />
Radar updating is performed as follows:<br />
<br />
# TID CURSOR/CAP - Hook Desired Navigation Point for Update.<br />
# PULSE SRCH button - Depress.<br />
# On sensor control panel: STAB switch - IN. EL BARS switch - 1. AZ SCAN switch - As Desired.<br />
# RDR FIX button - Depress.<br />
# DDD CURSOR button - Depress.<br />
# Action switch - Half Action (first detent).<br />
# Cursor is displayed on DDD.<br />
# Manipulate hand control DDD cursor over desired ground map point.<br />
# Action switch - Full Action and Release. (This will cause the DDD cursor to remain at the selected position.<br />
# Observe the delta for LAT and LONG on TID.<br />
# If readouts are unsatisfactory, deselect RDR FIX and repeat steps 4 through 12.<br />
# FIX ENABLE button - Depress.<br />
<br />
===TACAN Update===<br />
To perform a nav fix by TACAN requires that a restored waypoint shares identical LAT and LONG values with the TACAN station that will be used for the fix. Select the TACAN channel for the desired station and verify by listening to the coded identifier tone in the headset.<br />
<br />
Press the TACAN FIX button to update the aircraft position from a TACAN station. The WCS computer then calculates the own aircraft position error based on the range and bearing from the TACAN station. The delta is then entered in the same manner as with a radar fix.<br />
<br />
Perform a TACAN fix following these steps:<br />
<br />
# Select a TACAN channel whose latitude and longitude correspond to an update point.<br />
# Hook desired update point (WAYPT 1, FIX PT, HOME BASE, etc.).<br />
# CATEGORY switch - NAV.<br />
# TACAN FIX button - Depress.<br />
# Observe present position delta readout.<br />
# If delta is unsatisfactory, deselect TACAN FIX and repeat steps 2 through 7.<br />
# FIX ENABLE button - Depress.<br />
<br />
===Visual Update===<br />
To perform a visual fix, fly over a restored waypoint and press the VIS FIX button. Estimate your timing, because the aircraft nose and fuselage can obscure the fixed point during an overflight. It is also difficult to estimate when directly overhead a waypoint if the aircraft altitude is greater than 10.000 feet. The delta for the visual fix is displayed on the TID. Enter the delta by pressing FIX ENABLE.<br />
<br />
To perform a visual fix use the following steps:<br />
<br />
# Hook desired update point (WAY PT, HB, IP, etc.).<br />
# Select NAV category on CAP.<br />
# Overfly the selected restored point and when over the point, depress the VIS FIX button on the cap.<br />
# If the delta is not satisfactory, press VIS FIX again to clear the delta and repeat from step 1.<br />
# If a satisfactory delta is displayed, depress the FIX ENABLE button; this causes the delta correction of own-aircraft position to be inserted into the computer.<br />
<br />
===Datalink Update===<br />
To perform a data link update of the aircraft INS to the TDS frame of reference, the aircraft and TDS must share a prebriefed waypoint, identical in latitude and longitude. Enter this LAT/LONG data into the HOST AREA pseudo target file. The TDS will uplink the common reference point as a data link waypoint. When the aircraft and TDS INS systems agree, the data link waypoint and host area symbols will be superimposed on the TID. If they drift apart, the two pseudo targets on the TID will drift as well.<br />
<br />
To perform an update via data link, use the following steps:<br />
<br />
# Hook data link waypoint corresponding prebriefed reference point.<br />
# Select NAV category on CAP.<br />
# Overfly the hooked data link waypoint. When immediately over the point, press VIS FIX button on CAP.<br />
# Observe delta LAT and LONG on TID.<br />
# If deltas are satisfactory and update is desired, depress FIX ENABLE.<br />
# After a data link update, HOST AREA and data link waypoint should be superimposed on the TID again.<br />
<br />
===Fighter-to-Fighter Navigation Update===<br />
Net aircraft that use fighter-to-fighter data link can update their navigation system in the FF/DL mode. To update LAT/LONG hook the net aircraft symbol of an aircraft that is in close proximity and select F/F NAV UPDATE on the CAP. This will enter the hooked aircraft’s coordinates into the INS as own-aircraft coordinates. To update the nav system on an aircraft that is not close, first obtain a radar STT on that aircraft, hook the STT-ed aircraft on the TID and then press F/F NAV UPDATE on the CAP.<br />
<br />
=Defensive Systems=<br />
----<br />
The F-14B is equipped with various defensive systems: the AN/ALE-39 Countermeasure Dispensing System (CMDS), for the release of chaff and flares, the AN/ALQ-126 Deception ECM (DECM), for jamming enemy radar, and the AN/ALR-67 Radar Warning Reciever (RWR), for detection of enemy radar emitters and missile launches.<br />
<br />
==AN/ALR-67 RWR==<br />
[[File:alr-67.png|thumb|400px]]<br />
The AN/ALR-67 Radar Warning Receiver (RWR) provides the Hornet the ability to detect radars via the radio/microwave radiation they emit.<br />
<br />
===Audio Tones===<br />
Accompanying the RWR are various audio feedback tones:<br />
*'''Single Beep:''' A new ground- or sea-based emitter has been detected.<br />
*'''Double Beep:''' A new airborne emitter has been detected.<br />
*'''Repeating Beep:''' An emitter is tracking.<br />
*'''Faster Repeating Beep:''' An emitter is guiding a missile or is a missile.<br />
<br />
<br />
On the RWR gauge, the RWR knob will control the volume of the RWR tones.<br />
<br />
===Emitter Identifiers===<br />
''This list is, at present, not complete.''<br />
{|class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"<br />
!Type<br />
!RWR ID<br />
|-<br />
|U<br />
|Unknown<br />
|-<br />
|M<br />
|Active radar-homing missile<br />
|-<br />
|S<br />
|Search radar<br />
|-<br />
|3<br />
|SA-3 "Goa"<br />
|-<br />
|6<br />
|SA-6 "Gainful"<br />
|-<br />
|8<br />
|SA-8 "Gecko"<br />
|-<br />
|10<br />
|SA-10 "Grumble"<br />
|-<br />
|11<br />
|SA-11 "Gadfly"<br />
|-<br />
|11<br />
|F-111 Aardvark<br />
|-<br />
|12<br />
|SA-12 "Gladiator"<br />
|-<br />
|13<br />
|SA-13 "Gopher"<br />
|-<br />
|13<br />
|C-130 Hercules<br />
|-<br />
|14<br />
|F-14 Tomcat<br />
|-<br />
|15<br />
|F-15 Eagle<br />
|-<br />
|15 <br />
|SA-15 "Gauntlet"<br />
|-<br />
|16<br />
|F-16 Fighting Falcon<br />
|-<br />
|17<br />
|C-17 Globemaster III<br />
|-<br />
|18<br />
|F/A-18 Hornet<br />
|-<br />
|22<br />
|Tu-22 "Blinder"<br />
|-<br />
|23<br />
|MiG-23 "Flogger"<br />
|-<br />
|24<br />
|Su-24 "Fencer"<br />
|-<br />
|25<br />
|MiG-25 "Foxbat"<br />
|-<br />
|29<br />
|MiG-29 "Fulcrum"<br />
|-<br />
|29<br />
|Su-27 "Flanker"<br />
|-<br />
|29<br />
|Su-33 "Flanker-D"<br />
|-<br />
|30<br />
|Su-30 "Flanker-C"<br />
|-<br />
|31<br />
|MiG-31 "Foxhound"<br />
|-<br />
|34<br />
|Su-34 "Fullback"<br />
|-<br />
|39<br />
|Su-25M "Frogfoot"<br />
|-<br />
|40<br />
|''Spruance''-class destroyer<br />
|-<br />
|48<br />
|''Nimitz''-class carrier<br />
|-<br />
|49<br />
|''Oliver Hazard Perry''-class frigate<br />
|-<br />
|50<br />
|A-50 "Mainstay"<br />
|-<br />
|52<br />
|B-52 Stratofortress<br />
|-<br />
|76<br />
|IL-76 "Candid"<br />
|-<br />
|78<br />
|IL-78 "Midas"<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==AN/ALE-39 CMDS==<br />
[[File:f14 cms.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The AN/ALE-39 is the countermeasures dispensing set installed in the F-14B in this simulation. It controls its own set of launchers located between the engine nozzles on the underside of the so-called beaver-tail. The launchers each have two sections, one containing 10 cartridges and the other 20. They are referred to the left and right dispensers even though the left is really the front one and the right the back one with both being mounted inline on the left side of the tailhook. This is a remnant from the earliest model F-14s carrying the AN/ALE-29.<br />
<br />
This all sums up to a capacity of 60 cartridges in the system with each section necessarily holding one type of cartridges meaning that any combination of cartridges is possible as long as each type’s quantity is a multiple of 10. The system itself has no real knowledge of what is loaded where so incorrectly programming the system can lead to the wrong type of cartridge being ejected.<br />
<br />
===Cockpit Controls===<br />
The system itself can be operated manually from the control panel in the RIO pit or the DLC thumbwheel on the pilot stick when the flaps lever is in the up position. It is also capable of running programmed sequences of ejection which in turn can be initiated manually by the RIO from the control panel or the direction hats mounted on the handhold over the DDD. In addition, the AN/ALR-67 can also initiate the chaff ejection program if set up correctly on the AN/ALE-39 control panel.<br />
<br />
==AN/ALQ-126 DECM==<br />
The AN/ALQ-126 deception jammer is designed to detect radar threats, analyze them, select the optimum countermeasure technique available and apply it. Available techniques for jamming are amongst others, main lobe blanking, inverse con-scan, range-gate pull-off and swept square modes. In DCS this is modeled as a simple noise jammer due to engine limitations but controlled by the DECM logic as to when it’s on or off.<br />
<br />
===Cockpit Controls===<br />
The controls for the AN/ALQ-126 DECM are all located on the right horizontal panel in the RIO pit, the panel as the image above. In addition, there are two indication lights co-located with the RWR threat indicators on the right side of the TID. The mode selector knob controls power and operational mode that the system is in. The modes for the DECM are as follows:<br />
<br />
* '''OFF:''' turns off power to the system. STBY begins pre-warming of the system, taking in all-around 5 minutes.<br />
* '''TEST HOLD 3 SEC:''' is used to prepare the system for BIT, after 3 seconds in this mode, turn the knob to TEST - ACT.<br />
* '''TEST ACT:''' starts the BIT in the system. The BIT takes approximately 30 seconds and the RCV light will be illuminated the whole time while the XMIT light will flash twice. If the STANDBY light illuminates it indicates that a no-go condition exists in the system.<br />
* '''REC:''' enables the system to receive the only mode, enabling analyzation of threats and also the threat audio.<br />
* '''RPT:''' enables full system functionality, in addition to REC it also now tries to jam threats according to the selected method.<br />
<br />
=Television Camera Set=<br />
----<br />
[[File:tcs_symbology.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The F-14B is outfitted with the ALQ-100 Television Camera Set (TCS) pod, used for visually identifying aircraft during the time of which IFF was not a trusted/more inferior method to confirming hostile aircraft and to keep track of their position, as well as their living status.<br />
<br />
==Symbology==<br />
On the TID, in non-TV mode, a TCS track is indicated by a 1.5” strobe at TCS LOS azimuth with a hollow circle at the end.<br />
<br />
The symbology on the video feed from the TCS has indicators for the FOV and two crosshairs indicating TCS LOS relative own aircraft, GACH, and AN/AWG-9 radar LOS relative TCS LOS, RACH. Additionally, the track window is indicated by 4 small squares representing each corner of that window.<br />
<br />
The gimbal angle crosshairs or GACH, which is a solid cross, indicate deflection of the TCS LOS from the aircraft datum line, ADL. GACH crosshair in the center indicates TCS LOS along ADL and deflection towards the edges indicate deflection towards the gimbal limits with the video edges being maximum deflection.<br />
<br />
RACH or radar angle crosshairs, a dashed crosshair, indicate radar antenna LOS when inside the current TCS FOV. When the sensors slave to one another RACH and GACH will coincide creating a single solid crosshair.<br />
<br />
The track window indicates the area that the TCS contrast tracker is currently locked on to if it has acquired a target. When not in an active track these squares collapse into the center of the display being 2% of the screen width when in manual mode and 5% when in an auto mode.<br />
<br />
=LANTIRN Targeting Pod=<br />
----<br />
[[File:flir.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The F-14B can carry the AN/AAQ-14 Low Altitude Navigation and Targeting Infrared For Night (LANTIRN) targeting pod. This pod consists of a Forward-Looking Infrared (FLIR) camera (which also includes a digital charged coupled device camera) for target locating and observing, a Laser Target Designator/Ranger for firing a laser that both designates targets for laser-homing weapons and gathers ranging information for designating whatever the FLIR is pointed at as an air-to-ground, and a Laser Spot Tracker (LST) which can search for and track a laser, allowing for the FLIR to be cued onto an offboard (ground or air-designated) laser from another unit and then designate a Target off said point; this allows for most effective buddy-lasing. The targeting pod can be used in both air-to-ground and air-to-air functions, but the LTD/R and LST are only used for A/G operation.<br />
<br />
==Symbology==<br />
The following areas on the LANTIRN are to represent:<br />
# '''A/C Position Data:''' Displays aircraft LAT/LON, altitude, and groundspeed information.<br />
# '''LANTIRN Polarity:''' Displays white or hot background. AGC is for automatic gain control, MGC is for manual gain control.<br />
# '''LANTIRN Information:''' Gives general information on the pod. SR is for slant range, AZ/EL for azimuth/elevation of sight, and rest is UTC time.<br />
# '''LANTIRN Track Mode:''' Displays the current tracking mode. A/A is for air-to-air, A/G is for air-to-ground. Right side is for current selected weapon.<br />
# '''Track Data:''' Displays information of LAT/LON and altitude of where the sight is at.<br />
# '''Track:''' Displays the hairs for point and area track, and what the sight is directly pointed at.<br />
# '''Launch Envelopes:''' The top tape is for the heading relative of the aircraft to the track. The right side tape is for the release point.<br />
<br />
=TARPS Pod=<br />
----<br />
Not yet implemented.<br />
<br />
=Air-to-Air Radar=<br />
----<br />
==Detail Data Display==<br />
[[File:f14 ddd.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
Among the 3 digital displays, the Detail Data Display gives the RIO information about contacts from the AWG-9 radar in terms of range and radar mode, with respect to the notch filter.<br />
<br />
===Notch Filter===<br />
The AWG-9 radar in the F-14B Tomcat has a notch filter when using the pulse-doppler radar modes under certain conditions. These conditions include, but are not limited to:<br />
<br />
* ~100 knot difference of the aircraft relative to contact<br />
* Contact flying 90 degrees perpendicular CW/CCW to aircraft<br />
* Masking with ground terrain scan return<br />
<br />
<br />
There is a rough line shown in the radar modes, likewise of the jamming lobe, for when considering the notch filter that the contact will disappear from.<br />
<br />
==Tactical Information Display==<br />
[[File:f14 tid.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The Tactical Information Display (TID) gives the RIO of the F-14B the main information on the AWG-9 radar, including situational awareness, range, altitude, and contact heading.<br />
<br />
===Display Modes===<br />
The TID comes with a total of 8 display modes available, that can be toggled either on or off for purposes of gathering more information or decluttering:<br />
<br />
* '''RID DISABLE:''' ? needs more info. Not yet implemented.<br />
* '''ALT NUM:''' Displays the altitude of contact with a singular digit rounded to the nearest thousand.<br />
* '''SYM ELEM:''' Displays the symbology of contacts corresponding to HAFU.<br />
* '''DATA LINK:''' Displays contacts from the datalink frequency.<br />
* '''JAM STROBE:''' Displays the jamming strobes. Not yet implemented.<br />
* '''NON-ATTK:''' Displays determined (manual IFF or datalink) HAFU of friendly contacts.<br />
* '''VEL VECTOR:''' Displays the velocity vectors of contacts.<br />
* '''LAUNCH ZONE:''' Displays contact approximate missile launch zones.<br />
<br />
==AN/AWG-9 Radar==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat is equipped with the AN/AWG-9 all-weather and pulse-doppler radar. It is a very long-range radar used for the main purpose of intercept.<br />
<br />
===Radar Modes===<br />
The AWG-9 in the F-14B comes with 2 types of radar modes: doppler and pulse-doppler search. Of those two, subsets are able to be observed as 5 in this list:<br />
<br />
* '''PD SRCH:''' Pulse-Doppler Search mode. No bias factor of the radar, but impedes to pulse-doppler methods.<br />
* '''PD STT:''' Pulse-Doppler Single Target Track mode. By default upon acquiring a lock with the AWG-9, the radar will move to this function mode. It is currently suspectable to the notch filter.<br />
* '''RWS:''' Range While Search mode. The radar will prioritize the range of targets but not other factors. Falls under pulse-doppler.<br />
* '''TWS MAN:''' Track While Scan - Manual mode. The radar will prioritize the situational awareness of other targets but not give information on every target. The radar will also prioritize targets by threat importance.<br />
* '''TWS AUTO:''' Track While Scan - Auto mode. The radar will perform the same as TWS Man, but the elevation and azimuth controls will be automated in the process for an optimal scan.<br />
* '''PULSE SRCH:''' Pulse Search mode. No bias factor of the radar and can not be impeded to the notch filter, unlike the pulse-doppler method. The radar will, however, output a return of everything that is scanned and requires tuning.<br />
* '''PULSE STT:''' Pulse Single Target Track mode. Performing similarly to Pulse Search mode, this function mode applies to only a single target and is not suspectable to the notch filter.<br />
<br />
====Pulse-Doppler Search Mode====<br />
[[File:f14 pulsedoppler.png|thumb|350px]]<br />
The pulse-doppler search mode is used mainly as a kind of early warning mode. It is the search mode with the greatest detection range but it can display no range to the RIO, only closure rate. For this reason, the TID can display no track information.<br />
<br />
====Pulse-Doppler STT Mode====<br />
[[File:f14 pdstt.png|thumb|350px]]<br />
The pulse-doppler STT works and looks much like the pulse STT mode. It does, however, have the same advantages and disadvantages compared to pulse STT as the other pulse-doppler modes compared to the pulse modes. This means that while much better at tracking a target close to the ground it is however vulnerable to notching.<br />
<br />
The DDD display for pulse-doppler STT looks like pulse STT display except that the target return and antenna azimuth display are moved to the left side of the screen and a generated synthetic target marker is displayed at the correct azimuth instead. This is so that the targets range can be displayed by the synthetic target, unlike the other pulse-doppler modes which only shows closure rate. The other symbology on the DDD in this mode are the same as in pulse STT.<br />
<br />
====Range While Search Mode====<br />
In range while search, a frequency measuring ranging mode is added (FM ranging) to allow the radar to measure the range of tracked targets in addition to closure rate. This additional processing does, however, mean that the effective range of the radar is somewhat lesser. The display on the DDD is the same as in pulse-doppler search, the TID however also shows tracks in this mode showing the targets as tracks momentarily as they’re scanned and displaying their position and altitude. <br />
<br />
The targets are shown for a maximum of two seconds or until the antenna again scans the same bar at the same azimuth at which time it is removed unless detected again. The maximum number of concurrently shown tracks are 48.<br />
<br />
====TWS Manual Mode====<br />
The track, while scan mode uses the same FM ranging as RWS with the same reduction in range compared to pulse-doppler search and the DDD display, is also the same. The main difference that the computer establishes track files and tracks up to 24 targets concurrently of which 18 can be shown on the TID at any given time.<br />
<br />
As the computer routine calculating these tracks need a set track refresh time of 2 seconds this limits available azimuth scan area and bar settings to either 20° 4 bars or 40° 2 bars. When entering TWS the computer automatically selects the ±20° 4 bar scan disregarding the RIO set scan volumes unless those are set to ±40° 2 bars in which case that is used instead.<br />
<br />
The TWS mode is also the only mode enabling guidance of the AIM-54 at multiple targets (up to six), and as soon as engageable targets are detected the computer starts assigning them a missile priority number according to optimal missile firing sequence.<br />
<br />
====TWS Auto Mode====<br />
Performing similarly to TWS Man mode, what differs between the two is that in TWS auto the computer takes control of used scan volume and scan pattern azimuth and elevation as soon as target tracks are present. The WCS computer automatically tries to optimize the scan volume and direction so that tracking of the prioritized targets is maximized. If not selected before launch the WCS overrides as soon as the first AIM-54 is launched and selects TWS Auto.<br />
<br />
====Pulse Search Mode====<br />
[[File:f14 pulse.png|thumb|350px]]<br />
Pulse search is used to search for and find airborne targets at range. It is possible to use this radar mode as a basic ground mapper as well which can be useful for navigation and navigational fixes and can also be used in a pinch to detect larger surface targets like ships. Keep in mind though that the radar is not built with this as its main function and that a real air-to-ground radar will outperform it handily.<br />
<br />
In this mode, the radar cannot by itself differentiate targets and generate tracks meaning that the WCS will not generate track files and display anything on the TID. This also means that pulse search is not capable of guiding missiles.<br />
<br />
====Pulse STT Mode====<br />
[[File:f14 pstt.png|thumb|350px]]<br />
Pulse STT is used to track a single target, like pulse search mode it is not susceptible to notching but it is to ground clutter. The fact that the STT modes use gates to track the target, in this case, range gates, means that it is less susceptible to ground clutter but a target close enough to the ground that the ground return enters the range gates would be likely to shake the lock.<br />
<br />
As it is only in the pulse-doppler modes that the missile guidance commands can be sent pulse STT is limited to launching AIM-7s in CW mode and AIM-54s in an active launch mode limiting their ranges. At short ranges, ACM ranges, it is possible to use the ASPECT switch to set what aspect of the target to track, this is just to counter different types of countermeasures. As an example, if set to NOSE the radar will be less susceptible to chaff as the radar weights its track towards the targets leading-edge (nose) away from the chaff being launched behind the target.<br />
<br />
A successful track is indicated by the ANT TRK and RDROT indicator lights on the DDD, meaning that the antenna is tracking the target and that the target is within the range gates. If the target is jamming with sufficient strength, negating a range track, the radar will transition to a jam angle track instead, indicated by the JAT indicator light on the DDD illuminating instead of the RDROT. When range tracking is again possible at closer ranges the radar will transition to that instead.<br />
<br />
The DDD in this mode will be similar to the pulse search mode but the antenna will be locked onto the target and not scan. Additionally, the DDD will show the range gates around the target, a closing rate symbol at the right scale and applicable attack symbology if a valid missile is selected.<br />
<br />
===Anti-Jamming Modes===<br />
Not yet implemented.<br />
<br />
===AN/APX-76 IFF Interrogator===<br />
The AN/APX-76 IFF (Identification Friend or Foe) interrogator is integrated into the AN/AWG-9 operation. Then interrogator antenna itself is located on the AN/AWG-9 antenna gimbal platform. An IFF system works by sending out an interrogation pulse and then listening for returns from cooperating transponders. In addition to the unencrypted civilian mode the AN/APX-76 is capable of interrogating in the encrypted military mode 4. This ensures that targets replying to mode 4 interrogations are indeed friendly. The AN/APX-76 can be used both in search radar modes and in STT radar modes. To enable interrogation the IFF switch is depressed on the Detail Data Display Panel which then activates the interrogator for as long as the button is held up to 10 seconds max.<br />
<br />
When enabled IFF received IFF returns are then overlaid on the normal AN/AWG-9 radar returns on the DDD. A friendly target will be indicated with two bars, one above and one below the normal radar return. As the AN/APX-76 is a separate radar, secondary mode, radar apart from the AWG-9 the IFF can sometimes also detect targets not detected by the AWG-9. In this case the IFF return will not have a radar echo inside it. In the search mode this is overlaid over each target replying and in STT over the STT target. Additionally, if the STT target is hooked on the TID the DDD will switch from normal range display to a ±10 NM display to enable display of multiple returns in case of closely grouped targets.<br />
<br />
==HAFU/Datalink==<br />
[[File:HAFU.png|right|80px]]<br />
Hostile, Ambiguous, Friendly or Unknown (HAFU) is a symbology system used by the F/A-18 to represent trackfiles; specifically, to show its status as a friendly or hostile. It is usually what trackfiles are displayed as across the software.<br />
<br />
There are four HAFU symbols:<br />
*'''Triangle:''' Hostile (red when colored)<br />
*'''Thick Staple:''' Ambiguous (yellow when colored)<br />
*'''Half-Circle:''' Friendly (green when colored)<br />
*'''Thin Staple:''' Unknown (yellow when colored)<br />
<br />
<br />
All types except ambiguous can be manually assigned via the [[#SA Format|Situational Awareness]] format. Tracks will also be automatically identified as explained below.<br />
<br />
A hostile HAFU will be assigned whenever:<br />
* A negative IFF response is returned, and<br />
** An NCTR print returns with an aircraft type that is on the hostile coalition; or<br />
** A SURV (surveillance, like an AWACS) source over datalink also marks it hostile; or<br />
** A F/F (fighter-fighter, like another F/A-18) source over datalink also marks it hostile.<br />
<br />
<br />
An ambiguous HAFU will be assigned when the aircraft and a donor have conflicting identifications (friendly and hostile).<br />
<br />
A friendly HAFU will be assigned whenever an IFF interrogation returns as friendly or the track itself is contributed to by the Precise Participant Location and Identification (PPLI) system.<br />
<br />
An unknown HAFU will be assigned by default until it is updated by meeting one of the requirements above.<br />
<br />
=Air-to-Air Weapons=<br />
----<br />
This area will cover over all the different air-to-air weapons brought with the F-14B Tomcat.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Air Gun==<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
==Air-to-Air Missiles==<br />
===AIM-54 Phoenix===<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
====AIM-54A Mk.60====<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
====AIM-54C Mk.47====<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
===AIM-7 Sparrow===<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
===AIM-9 Sidewinder===<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
=Resources=<br />
----<br />
==Manuals & Documents==<br />
* [https://info.publicintelligence.net/F14AAP-1B.pdf F-14B NATOPS Pocket Checklist]<br />
* [http://www.heatblur.se/F-14Manual/ Heatblur F-14 Manual]<br />
<br />
==Heatblur's Videos==<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q1o7E9pb95Y Episode 1: Overview]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OO3IdQjAdDA Episode 2: Pilot's Cockpit Walkaround]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ws1GxPG2ZXw Episode 3: Cold And Dark (Full Startup)]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kgpGO7fj4oU Episode 4: The RIO's Office]<br />
<br />
==Jabbers' Tutorial Videos==<br />
(They're good!)<br />
<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2qwlJs__iYk Pilot - Startup/Taxi/Takeoff with JESTER AI]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b5opjCygZug Pilot - Maneuvering and Flight Characteristics]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f4y2oZ-7rM8 Pilot - Air-to-Air Refueling]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ujk4hL_EnUc Pilot - ACM - Radar Acquisition Modes]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wftck0C3fJ8 Pilot - Weapons - Zuni Rockets with JESTER AI]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4m-Q02gxFEA Pilot - Weapons - AIM-9 Sidewinder]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SWeHtpJ00JI RIO - Startup]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r4-Dd4ss2Rc RIO - AWG-9 Radar]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YG7sWweg2RQ RIO - IFF Interrogation]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2q-bHFyTEr8 Overview - AIM-54C Mk.47 Phoenix - Tacview Debrief]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PyAQpqVhtBY Overview - AIM-54A Mk.60 Phoenix - Tacview Debrief]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4groy-_Bxfk Quick Tips - AIM-54 Phoenix]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Is3AtOX-abw Quick Tips - Bombing]</div>Siriushttps://wiki.hoggitworld.com/index.php?title=F-14A/B&diff=10570F-14A/B2019-09-02T17:06:58Z<p>Sirius: /* Pulse STT Mode */</p>
<hr />
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{{ModuleInfo<br />
|modulename=F-14A/B<br />
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<br />
''Credits to Jak for having the [[F/A-18C]] page serve as a guide and filler content on related systems.''<br />
<br />
The Grumman '''F-14A/B''' Tomcat is a two-seat, twin-engine supersonic variable wing-sweep fighter aircraft. The F-14 was the first US fighter jet with twin tails and was the largest & heaviest US fighter to ever fly from an aircraft carrier. The reason that the F-14 was so incredibly large and heavy was that it carried the large AWG-9 radar and accompanying AIM-54 Phoenix (air-to-air) missiles: this very capable combination allowed the F-14 to make shots of up to 200 nautical miles at the bad guys. Also, being big means you can carry a lot of fuel!<br />
<br />
Of course, the practical range of the AWG-9 is rather more limited, especially if you are shooting at more maneuverable fighter-sized targets, but even at these closer ranges, the AIM-54 Phoenix is still a capable missile that should not be underestimated. The F-14 is also capable of carrying an array of air-to-ground weapons, such as dumb bombs in both high and low drag forms, air-to-ground Zuni rockets and even laser-guided bombs, which can be self-designated using the LANTIRN targeting pod on the F-14.<br />
<br />
Most people will recognize and adore the F-14 because of its stardom presence in that one weird volleyball movie from the '80s. Its on-screen presence in movies will make the F-14 to appear docile and easy to fly, but due to lack of a fly-by-wire the F-14 can be a real handful: it being a pilot's aircraft however makes it fun to fly and learn. The analogous nature of the F-14 (comparable to the F-5E II Tigershark) will give you a good knowledge of the airplane over time but requires a bit of a different mindset that the computerized flight of the F/A-18C and the F-15.<br />
<br />
__TOC__<br />
<br />
=Weapons List=<br />
----<br />
==Implemented==<br />
Partially or fully implemented weapons of the F14/A/B Tomcat:<br />
* M61 Vulcan Six-Barreled Gatling Gun<br />
* AIM-7M/F Sparrow<br />
* CAP/AIM-9M Sidewinder<br />
* AIM-54A Phoenix Mk. 60<br />
* AIM-54C Phoenix Mk. 47<br />
* Mk-81, 82, 83, and 84 <br />
* GBU-10, 12, 16, and 24 <br />
* MK-20 Rockeye<br />
* Zuni Rockets<br />
* BDU-33 Practice Bombs<br />
* ADM-141 TALD<br />
* LUU-2 Parachute Flare<br />
* Smokewinder<br />
* LANTIRN Pod<br />
* FPU-1 Fuel Tank<br />
<br />
==Planned==<br />
Weapons not yet implemented into the Tomcat:<br />
* TARPS Pod<br />
<br />
=Hands On Throttle And Stick (HOTAS)=<br />
----<br />
==Throttle==<br />
[[File:throttle.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The throttle of the F-14 Tomcat consists of 2 quadrants, both for the left and right engines. There is an afterburner detent along with a cutoff detent for maximum throttle and shutdown of the engine for each quadrant.<br />
<br />
The throttle has the following controls:<br />
# '''Speed Brake Switch:''' 2-position switch. "EXT" is a momentary and needed input position that extends the speed brake outward depending on the aircraft speed.<br />
# '''Wing Sweep Switch:''' 4-way hat switch. "AUTO" sets the wing to sweep automatically determined by an onboard computer, "BOMB" sets the wing to sweep in an angled position between fully extended and retracted and dependent on speed for the air-to-ground bombing.<br />
# '''PLM Button:''' multifunction button. When the steering command is in A2A mode, this acts as a pilot lock-on tool for the AWG-9 radar. But when used for landing and/or in the LDG steering command mode, this allows for disengagement of the ACLS.<br />
# '''CAGE/SEAM Button:''' multifunction button. When the steering command is in A2A mode, this allows for CAGE/SEAM lock-on of the AIM-9 Sidewinder. But when used for landing and/or in the LDG steering command mode, this allows for disengagement of the APC.<br />
# '''Exterior Light Switch:''' 2-position switch. Used to toggle the exterior lights of the aircraft.<br />
# '''ICS PTT Switch:''' 2-position switch. Acts as a push-to-talk system for the ICS system inside of the aircraft used between the Pilot and RIO. (or JESTER AI)<br />
<br />
==Control Stick==<br />
[[File:stick.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The control stick is located in the center of the cockpit, mounted onto the floor. Left and right movements of the control stick direct hydraulic movement to the spoilers and horizontal stabilizers of the aircraft. Forward and backward movement result to respectively the same but to the horizontal stabilizers.<br />
<br />
The control stick has the following controls:<br />
# '''Bomb Release Button:''' single-purpose button. When pressed in A2G steering command mode, all pylons selected with bombs will release respective of the ripple settings, type, and interval.<br />
# '''Trim Hat:''' 4-way hat switch. Upward movement moves the aircraft downward, and downward movement moves the aircraft upward. Both left and right movements follow to their directions according to their name.<br />
# '''Weapon Select Hat:''' 4-way hat switch. Bottom selection is OFF, and a ridge requires a momentary push action to move in/out of to GUN. Following all to the top are SW, then SP/PH which requires a momentary push action to switch between.<br />
# '''DLC & Maneuver Flap Command Wheel:''' scrollable dial. Moving it with the landing gears fully deployed acts as a variable control for spoiler extension. With the landing gears up, the dial also acts the same but for flaps and slats.<br />
# '''DLC Engage/Disengage & CMS Dispense Button:''' multifunction button. When pressed with the landing gears fully deployed, this controls the engagement and disengagement of the DLC system. But with the landing gears fully retracted, this allows for pilot control of the CMS system.<br />
# '''Autopilot Reference & NWS Button:''' multifunction button. When the aircraft is up in the air, this controls specific autopilot settings. But when the aircraft is on the ground, this controls the activation of the nosewheel steering system.<br />
# '''Autopilot Emergency Disengage Paddle:''' multifunction button. Disengages all autopilot modes and DLC and releases all autopilot switches and roll and pitch SAS switches to OFF position.<br />
# '''Weapon Firing Trigger:''' two-stage trigger switch. The first detent enables CTVS and gun camera. Second detent releases selected forwards firing the weapon.<br />
<br />
=Flight Controls & Landing Gear=<br />
----<br />
==Flight Controls==<br />
[[File:Wheels-flaps.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The F-14B has a large hydraulic system which covers for all of the control surfaces of the aircraft. Without the hydraulic system, or taking damage the controls are in risk of improperly working. The F-14 Tomcat was the last of its generation to have no integration of an FBW or FCS system, which was introduced with the F-15 Eagle.<br />
<br />
The F-14's primary flight controls are:<br />
* '''Left Spoilers (LES):''' A set of spoilers that lie within the left wing of the aircraft that help with aileron movement and control that react opposite of the intended direction.<br />
* '''Right Spoilers (RES):''' A set of spoilers that lie within the right wing of the aircraft that help with aileron movement and control that react opposite of the intended direction.<br />
* '''Tailerons (TAIL):''' Two horizontal stabilizers located on the rear end of the aircraft that control both pitch and aileron movement.<br />
* '''Leading Edge Flaps (LEF):''' Normal slats located on the leading (front) edge of the wings to add lift.<br />
* '''Trailing Edge Flaps (TEF):''' Normal flaps located on the trailing (back) edge of the wings to add lift.<br />
<br />
<br />
The control stick controls the stabilators, ailerons, and rudder and the rudder pedals control the rudder.<br />
<br />
===Flaps System===<br />
The aircraft's flap system provides more lift (and as a byproduct, drag). The flaps lever has two positions:<br />
* '''NONE:''' This applies no flap whatsoever to the wings of the aircraft.<br />
* '''FULL:''' This applies full movement of flaps to the wings of the aircraft.<br />
<br />
<br />
The flaps lever allows for variable movement, which gives the pilot the ability to control the amount of flap they wish for.<br />
<br />
===Speed Brake===<br />
The speed brake is a flap located on the end of the aircraft designed to provide drag to decelerate faster. It is activated via the speed brake switch on the throttle. The two positions are:<br />
* '''EXT:''' When the switch is moved aft, this extends the speed brake of the aircraft out depending on the airspeed.<br />
* '''RET:''' When the switch is moved forward, this retracts the speed brake.<br />
<br />
===Trim===<br />
The tailerons are capable of being trimmed to make roll and pitch corrections. This is accomplished with the trim hat on the controls stick. When the autopilot system is engaged, the onboard computer will attempt to make active trim movements in order to keep the aircraft within the specified attitude when set, along of the setting parameters. As speed is either gained or lost, the trim will actively move the stick as well along of the tailerons to adapt.<br />
<br />
===Wing Sweep===<br />
The wings of the aircraft are a variable-sweep design allowing for automatic or manual movements from pilot input on the right throttle quadrant. Similar to wing fold, the wings are able to be overswept from its maximum position through a master reset of the system in order to allow tighter space and closer parking on the carrier deck.<br />
<br />
==Landing Gear==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat has 3 retractable landing gears: the nose gear, the left gear, and the right gear. The gear is moved via the gear lever on the left side of the cockpit. In the up position, the gear will retract. In the down position, the gear will extend. The gear lever cannot be put up with weight on wheels. The gear will not retract with the launch bar extended.<br />
<br />
===Nosewheel Steering===<br />
The nose gear features nosewheel steering (NWS) controlled by the rudder pedals. With the weight off of the wheels, it is disengaged. It automatically engages upon there being the weight on wheels. NWS is disengaged manually via the button on the stick.<br />
<br />
===Launch Bar===<br />
On the front nosegear is a launch bar that attaches the airplane to a catapult from launches from an aircraft carrier. Its deployment is pilot-controlled, but it is connected to the catapult by the ground crew (DCS default binding is U).<br />
<br />
It is controlled via the launch bar switch on the left upper console. When the switch in the RETRACT position, the launch bar will retract, but physically cannot do so when connected to the catapult. The switch will move to the RETRACT position automatically when there is a weight off wheels. In the EXTEND position, the launch bar will extend if there is the weight on wheels.<br />
<br />
=Autopilot and Autothrottle=<br />
----<br />
The F-14 Tomcat has the ability to automate certain types of flight via its Automatic Flight Control System (AFCS) and Automatic Throttle Control (ATC). The AFCS, or simply the autopilot, control the flight surfaces and the ATC controls the throttles.<br />
<br />
==AFCS==<br />
[[File:afcs.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The Automatic Flight Control System (AFCS), or just the "autopilot", controls the aircraft's flight controls to automate maneuvering. It is interfaced on the autopilot panel via the A/P engage switch. On the autopilot panel, there are 7 modes able to be toggled:<br />
# '''Pitch Stabilizer Augmentation:''' 2-position switch. This switch controls the ability for the pitch to be augmented for dampening.<br />
# '''Roll Stabilizer Augmentation:''' 2-position switch. This switch controls the ability for the roll to be augmented for dampening.<br />
# '''Yaw Stabilizer Augmentation:''' 2-position switch. This switch controls the ability for the yaw to be augmented for dampening.<br />
# '''VEC/PCD/ACL Switch:''' 3-position switch. This switch controls the remote control modes of autopilot with the steering bars and ACLS.<br />
# '''ALT Switch:''' 2-position switch.' This switch controls the ability to maintain the current altitude when autopilot is engaged.<br />
# '''HDG/GT Switch:''' 3-position switch. This switch controls the ability to maintain the current heading when autopilot is engaged.<br />
# '''ENGAGE Switch:''' 2-position switch. This switch engages and disengages the autopilot.<br />
<br />
==ATC==<br />
The automatic throttle control (ATC), or just "autothrottle", controls the physical throttles and thereby automated thrust control. ATC is toggled via ATC engage/disengage switch next to the throttle. When the ATC is engaged, the physical means of the throttle quadrants will begin to move on their own. However, whenever the pilot makes any new movement to the throttle whatsoever, the ATC will disengage to allow pilot control over both of the engines. The ATC is primarily used for landing on a carrier along of the ACLS system.<br />
<br />
=Digital Systems Overview=<br />
----<br />
[[File:displays.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
==Pilot==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat comes with 2 digital display screens in the Pilot cockpit:<br />
* '''Vertical Display Indicator (VDI):''' a multifunction display that allows for the pilot to see their HUD in a form of a repeater, and the [[#Television Camera Set|TCS]].<br />
* '''Horizontal Situation Display Indicator (HSD):''' a multifunction display that allows for the pilot to see their virtual compass for navigation modes, and the [[#AWG-9 Pulse-Doppler Radar|AWG-9 Radar]] from the RIO TID as a repeater.<br />
<br />
===Heads Up Display===<br />
The head-up display (HUD) is a projected display at the front of the cockpit that serves as the primary flight instrument. It also provides various indications for weapon delivery; this section will cover the HUD's indications in NAV master mode. Master mode/weapon-specific indications on the HUD will be covered in the relevant section.<br />
<br />
====Reject Modes====<br />
Via the switches next to the TO button on the displays panel, you are able to "declutter" or remove information off of the HUD.<br />
<br />
==Radar Intercept Officer==<br />
The Radar Intercept Officer (RIO) comes with 3 digital display screens in the RIO cockpit:<br />
* '''Detail Data Display (DDD):''' a dual-purpose display that allows for the RIO to see contacts on the [[#AWG-9 Pulse-Doppler Radar|radar]], based on the range and radar mode.<br />
* '''Tactical Information Display (TID):''' a multi-purpose display that allows for the RIO to see their [[#AWG-9 Pulse-Doppler Radar|AWG-9]] situational awareness, [[#Television Camera Set|TCS]], [[#TARPS Pod|TARPS]] and [[#LANTIRN Targeting Pod|LANTIRN]] pods.<br />
* '''Horizontal Situation Display Indicator (HSD):''' a multi-purpose display as to the one in the pilot cockpit.<br />
<br />
==Master Modes==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat has 5 primarily modes for information displayed. The 5 master modes are:<br />
* '''TO:''' switch. Displays takeoff information on HUD and VDI for degrees.<br />
* '''CRUISE:''' single-purpose button. Displays in-air flight information on HUD and VDI for degrees.<br />
* '''A/A:''' single-purpose button. Displays air-to-air information on HUD and VDI for degrees; and weapon employment.<br />
* '''A/G:''' single-purpose button. Displays air-to-ground information on HUD and VDI for degrees; and weapon employment.<br />
* '''LDG:''' single-purpose button. Displays landing information on HUD and VDI for degrees.<br />
<br />
<br />
Additionally, the F-14 Tomcat has an Air Combat Maneuver (ACM) panel which controls all air-to-air and air-to-ground aspects for armament.<br />
<br />
=Navigation=<br />
----<br />
The F-14 Tomcat has an inertial navigation system (INS) that allows the pilot to navigate by internal gyros aligned. However, due to the fault of having no GPS assistance, these gyros slowly drift over time and cause misalignment for visual information.<br />
<br />
==HSD==<br />
[[File:Hsd.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The Horizontal Situation Display Indicator (HSD) is the primary interface with the airplane's navigation systems. The HSI can be accessed from the bottom display screen. The basic function of the HSI is a rotating compass with a looking-from-above perspective. The controls for this screen are:<br />
# '''BRT Control:''' dial. Controls the brightness of the HSD screen.<br />
# '''HDG Control:''' dial. Controls the heading reference in TACAN mode.<br />
# '''CRS Control:''' dial. Controls the course heading reference in MAN and TACAN modes.<br />
# '''Test Button:''' single-purpose button. Resets the HSD screen if overload protection activates.<br />
# '''BIT Indicator:''' light. Shows a white light if a failure produces in the HSD.<br />
<br />
=== Steering Commands ===<br />
The HSD comes with a set of 5 different steering commands, which each have their own purpose towards displaying certain information:<br />
* '''TACAN:''' single-purpose button. Displays information based off of a radio beacon with range and direction.<br />
* '''DEST:''' single-purpose button. Displays information off of a selected waypoint from the RIO with range and direction.<br />
* '''AWL/PCD:''' single-purpose button. Displays information off of an ICLS frequency with azimuth and elevation bars (on VDI and HUD)<br />
* '''VEC:''' single-purpose button. ? (needs more info.)<br />
* '''MAN:''' single-purpose button. Displays information off of an entered heading (HDG Control) with direction.<br />
<br />
==Waypoints==<br />
The F-14B comes with an onboard flight computer system that handles waypoint navigation during in-air flight. The navigation system in the F-14B Tomcat gives a variety of waypoint holders, along with information for a set home plate.<br />
<br />
===Pilot===<br />
For the F-14B pilot, the waypoint information is able to be accessed by the DEST steering command and by using the NAV HSD display mode.<br />
<br />
===Radar Intercept Officer===<br />
For the F-14B Radar Intercept Officer, (RIO) the waypoints must be manually assigned by the RIO through the Computer Address Panel (CAP) system under the TAC DATA category. Once done, the waypoint must be selected through the CAP and entered in with coordinates similar to how INS alignment procedures are done.<br />
<br />
==TACAN==<br />
Tactical Air Navigation (TACAN) is a military radio navigation system. A TACAN beacon allows for an aircraft to determine its bearing and range from it, and using this information can navigate. TACAN's may be ground-based or be broadcasted by an airplane. TACAN channels have two bands, X and Y, and range from 1-126. 2 TACAN channels may be set present in the aircraft by both the Pilot and RIO for simultaneous use.<br />
<br />
The TACAN setting knobs give a range of these options:<br />
*'''T/R:''' Transmit and receive. Gets bearing and range from the TACAN.<br />
*'''RCV:''' Receive. Gets bearing from the TACAN.<br />
*'''A/A:''' Air-to-air TACAN mode.<br />
*'''X:''' Tunes the selected frequency on the X band.<br />
*'''Y:''' Tunes the selected frequency on the Y band.<br />
<br />
==ICLS==<br />
For night and low visibility operations, aircraft carriers have an Instrument Carrier Landing System (ICLS) to allow for instrument approaches to the carrier. ICLS provides horizontal and vertical guidance. The F-14 is equipped with ICLS.<br />
<br />
To activate the airplane's ICLS antenna, an ICLS dial is present to the right of the warning lights advisory panel, with an ARA on/off switch, used to toggle power to the system.<br />
<br />
When ILS is selected on the HSI, two bars, one horizontal and one vertical, appear near the velocity vector on the HUD. These indicate a vertical and horizontal deviation from the optimal glideslope (3°) and course to the deck. When they are both aligned with the velocity vector (making a "+"), the aircraft is on course.<br />
<br />
==ACLS==<br />
For CAT III conditions and poor visibility, the F-14 is equipped with the Automatic Carrier Landing System (ACLS) to allow an automatic flight to the carrier via. a radio-guided input from a Landing Signal Officer. (LSO) The auto-throttle and autopilot systems must be engaged and present during the time of activation with this system, along with lights given to the left of the VDI display.<br />
<br />
Datalink is required between the aircraft and the carrier in order for ACLS to work. When the best position of the azimuth and glideslope bars are within parameters, the nosewheel steering button is pressed in order to engage guidance.<br />
<br />
==Navigation Failures==<br />
The F-14B has a variety of navigation failures that may/can occur, including methods to fix them.<br />
<br />
===Navigation Fix Update===<br />
An error of latitude or longitude in the computer position of the aircraft can be corrected by a navigation fix update. Updating is especially important in the backup modes (AHRS AM and IMU/ AM) because of the estimated winds and magnetic variation changes. A nav fix is done via a ground-reference-point (latitude and longitude) position. The range and bearing of this position to the present aircraft position are used to update or correct existing values. The nav system may be updated by either a radar fix, a TACAN fix, or a visual fix.<br />
<br />
Before performing a nav fix, the latitude and longitude of the desired update point (radar, TACAN, or visual) must be stored in one of eight navigation point locations (three WPs, FIX PT, HOME BASE, HOST AREA, DEF PT, and IP). This data can be stored prior to flight by data link or by manual insertion. Then follow these steps:<br />
<br />
# Hook the Waypoint you choose to select for the nav fix.<br />
# Check the stored latitude and longitude on the TID.<br />
# Rotate the CATEGORY switch to NAV and select the desired type of update.<br />
<br />
<br />
Note that updating the position while in INS, and to a lesser degree while in IMU, can introduce a greater navigational position error than already present, in particular, if radar fix is used to update the nav system. Updates with a visual or TACAN fix provide reasonable accuracy (assuming a good MAG VAR during TACAN updates). Updating your nav system via a nav fix should be primarily used in the AHRS mode.<br />
<br />
===Radar Fix Update===<br />
An RDR FIX may be selected before or after positioning the DDD cursors. If the RDR FIX button is depressed, the computer computes the present position of the aircraft by measuring the range and bearing from the selected point. The delta between the computer position and the position determined by the INS is then displayed on the TID. If the entry of this delta into the navigation computations is desired, press the FIX ENABLE button. If the delta does not appear to be correct, the computer and the readout can be cleared by pressing the RDR FIX button. The fix may then be attempted again. The RIO should also perform periodic checks of own aircraft system altitude and update the altitude if necessary.<br />
<br />
Radar updating is performed as follows:<br />
<br />
# TID CURSOR/CAP - Hook Desired Navigation Point for Update.<br />
# PULSE SRCH button - Depress.<br />
# On sensor control panel: STAB switch - IN. EL BARS switch - 1. AZ SCAN switch - As Desired.<br />
# RDR FIX button - Depress.<br />
# DDD CURSOR button - Depress.<br />
# Action switch - Half Action (first detent).<br />
# Cursor is displayed on DDD.<br />
# Manipulate hand control DDD cursor over desired ground map point.<br />
# Action switch - Full Action and Release. (This will cause the DDD cursor to remain at the selected position.<br />
# Observe the delta for LAT and LONG on TID.<br />
# If readouts are unsatisfactory, deselect RDR FIX and repeat steps 4 through 12.<br />
# FIX ENABLE button - Depress.<br />
<br />
===TACAN Update===<br />
To perform a nav fix by TACAN requires that a restored waypoint shares identical LAT and LONG values with the TACAN station that will be used for the fix. Select the TACAN channel for the desired station and verify by listening to the coded identifier tone in the headset.<br />
<br />
Press the TACAN FIX button to update the aircraft position from a TACAN station. The WCS computer then calculates the own aircraft position error based on the range and bearing from the TACAN station. The delta is then entered in the same manner as with a radar fix.<br />
<br />
Perform a TACAN fix following these steps:<br />
<br />
# Select a TACAN channel whose latitude and longitude correspond to an update point.<br />
# Hook desired update point (WAYPT 1, FIX PT, HOME BASE, etc.).<br />
# CATEGORY switch - NAV.<br />
# TACAN FIX button - Depress.<br />
# Observe present position delta readout.<br />
# If delta is unsatisfactory, deselect TACAN FIX and repeat steps 2 through 7.<br />
# FIX ENABLE button - Depress.<br />
<br />
===Visual Update===<br />
To perform a visual fix, fly over a restored waypoint and press the VIS FIX button. Estimate your timing, because the aircraft nose and fuselage can obscure the fixed point during an overflight. It is also difficult to estimate when directly overhead a waypoint if the aircraft altitude is greater than 10.000 feet. The delta for the visual fix is displayed on the TID. Enter the delta by pressing FIX ENABLE.<br />
<br />
To perform a visual fix use the following steps:<br />
<br />
# Hook desired update point (WAY PT, HB, IP, etc.).<br />
# Select NAV category on CAP.<br />
# Overfly the selected restored point and when over the point, depress the VIS FIX button on the cap.<br />
# If the delta is not satisfactory, press VIS FIX again to clear the delta and repeat from step 1.<br />
# If a satisfactory delta is displayed, depress the FIX ENABLE button; this causes the delta correction of own-aircraft position to be inserted into the computer.<br />
<br />
===Datalink Update===<br />
To perform a data link update of the aircraft INS to the TDS frame of reference, the aircraft and TDS must share a prebriefed waypoint, identical in latitude and longitude. Enter this LAT/LONG data into the HOST AREA pseudo target file. The TDS will uplink the common reference point as a data link waypoint. When the aircraft and TDS INS systems agree, the data link waypoint and host area symbols will be superimposed on the TID. If they drift apart, the two pseudo targets on the TID will drift as well.<br />
<br />
To perform an update via data link, use the following steps:<br />
<br />
# Hook data link waypoint corresponding prebriefed reference point.<br />
# Select NAV category on CAP.<br />
# Overfly the hooked data link waypoint. When immediately over the point, press VIS FIX button on CAP.<br />
# Observe delta LAT and LONG on TID.<br />
# If deltas are satisfactory and update is desired, depress FIX ENABLE.<br />
# After a data link update, HOST AREA and data link waypoint should be superimposed on the TID again.<br />
<br />
===Fighter-to-Fighter Navigation Update===<br />
Net aircraft that use fighter-to-fighter data link can update their navigation system in the FF/DL mode. To update LAT/LONG hook the net aircraft symbol of an aircraft that is in close proximity and select F/F NAV UPDATE on the CAP. This will enter the hooked aircraft’s coordinates into the INS as own-aircraft coordinates. To update the nav system on an aircraft that is not close, first obtain a radar STT on that aircraft, hook the STT-ed aircraft on the TID and then press F/F NAV UPDATE on the CAP.<br />
<br />
=Defensive Systems=<br />
----<br />
The F-14B is equipped with various defensive systems: the AN/ALE-39 Countermeasure Dispensing System (CMDS), for the release of chaff and flares, the AN/ALQ-126 Deception ECM (DECM), for jamming enemy radar, and the AN/ALR-67 Radar Warning Reciever (RWR), for detection of enemy radar emitters and missile launches.<br />
<br />
==AN/ALR-67 RWR==<br />
[[File:alr-67.png|thumb|400px]]<br />
The AN/ALR-67 Radar Warning Receiver (RWR) provides the Hornet the ability to detect radars via the radio/microwave radiation they emit.<br />
<br />
===Audio Tones===<br />
Accompanying the RWR are various audio feedback tones:<br />
*'''Single Beep:''' A new ground- or sea-based emitter has been detected.<br />
*'''Double Beep:''' A new airborne emitter has been detected.<br />
*'''Repeating Beep:''' An emitter is tracking.<br />
*'''Faster Repeating Beep:''' An emitter is guiding a missile or is a missile.<br />
<br />
<br />
On the RWR gauge, the RWR knob will control the volume of the RWR tones.<br />
<br />
===Emitter Identifiers===<br />
''This list is, at present, not complete.''<br />
{|class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"<br />
!Type<br />
!RWR ID<br />
|-<br />
|U<br />
|Unknown<br />
|-<br />
|M<br />
|Active radar-homing missile<br />
|-<br />
|S<br />
|Search radar<br />
|-<br />
|3<br />
|SA-3 "Goa"<br />
|-<br />
|6<br />
|SA-6 "Gainful"<br />
|-<br />
|8<br />
|SA-8 "Gecko"<br />
|-<br />
|10<br />
|SA-10 "Grumble"<br />
|-<br />
|11<br />
|SA-11 "Gadfly"<br />
|-<br />
|11<br />
|F-111 Aardvark<br />
|-<br />
|12<br />
|SA-12 "Gladiator"<br />
|-<br />
|13<br />
|SA-13 "Gopher"<br />
|-<br />
|13<br />
|C-130 Hercules<br />
|-<br />
|14<br />
|F-14 Tomcat<br />
|-<br />
|15<br />
|F-15 Eagle<br />
|-<br />
|15 <br />
|SA-15 "Gauntlet"<br />
|-<br />
|16<br />
|F-16 Fighting Falcon<br />
|-<br />
|17<br />
|C-17 Globemaster III<br />
|-<br />
|18<br />
|F/A-18 Hornet<br />
|-<br />
|22<br />
|Tu-22 "Blinder"<br />
|-<br />
|23<br />
|MiG-23 "Flogger"<br />
|-<br />
|24<br />
|Su-24 "Fencer"<br />
|-<br />
|25<br />
|MiG-25 "Foxbat"<br />
|-<br />
|29<br />
|MiG-29 "Fulcrum"<br />
|-<br />
|29<br />
|Su-27 "Flanker"<br />
|-<br />
|29<br />
|Su-33 "Flanker-D"<br />
|-<br />
|30<br />
|Su-30 "Flanker-C"<br />
|-<br />
|31<br />
|MiG-31 "Foxhound"<br />
|-<br />
|34<br />
|Su-34 "Fullback"<br />
|-<br />
|39<br />
|Su-25M "Frogfoot"<br />
|-<br />
|40<br />
|''Spruance''-class destroyer<br />
|-<br />
|48<br />
|''Nimitz''-class carrier<br />
|-<br />
|49<br />
|''Oliver Hazard Perry''-class frigate<br />
|-<br />
|50<br />
|A-50 "Mainstay"<br />
|-<br />
|52<br />
|B-52 Stratofortress<br />
|-<br />
|76<br />
|IL-76 "Candid"<br />
|-<br />
|78<br />
|IL-78 "Midas"<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==AN/ALE-39 CMDS==<br />
[[File:f14 cms.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The AN/ALE-39 is the countermeasures dispensing set installed in the F-14B in this simulation. It controls its own set of launchers located between the engine nozzles on the underside of the so-called beaver-tail. The launchers each have two sections, one containing 10 cartridges and the other 20. They are referred to the left and right dispensers even though the left is really the front one and the right the back one with both being mounted inline on the left side of the tailhook. This is a remnant from the earliest model F-14s carrying the AN/ALE-29.<br />
<br />
This all sums up to a capacity of 60 cartridges in the system with each section necessarily holding one type of cartridges meaning that any combination of cartridges is possible as long as each type’s quantity is a multiple of 10. The system itself has no real knowledge of what is loaded where so incorrectly programming the system can lead to the wrong type of cartridge being ejected.<br />
<br />
===Cockpit Controls===<br />
The system itself can be operated manually from the control panel in the RIO pit or the DLC thumbwheel on the pilot stick when the flaps lever is in the up position. It is also capable of running programmed sequences of ejection which in turn can be initiated manually by the RIO from the control panel or the direction hats mounted on the handhold over the DDD. In addition, the AN/ALR-67 can also initiate the chaff ejection program if set up correctly on the AN/ALE-39 control panel.<br />
<br />
==AN/ALQ-126 DECM==<br />
The AN/ALQ-126 deception jammer is designed to detect radar threats, analyze them, select the optimum countermeasure technique available and apply it. Available techniques for jamming are amongst others, main lobe blanking, inverse con-scan, range-gate pull-off and swept square modes. In DCS this is modeled as a simple noise jammer due to engine limitations but controlled by the DECM logic as to when it’s on or off.<br />
<br />
===Cockpit Controls===<br />
The controls for the AN/ALQ-126 DECM are all located on the right horizontal panel in the RIO pit, the panel as the image above. In addition, there are two indication lights co-located with the RWR threat indicators on the right side of the TID. The mode selector knob controls power and operational mode that the system is in. The modes for the DECM are as follows:<br />
<br />
* '''OFF:''' turns off power to the system. STBY begins pre-warming of the system, taking in all-around 5 minutes.<br />
* '''TEST HOLD 3 SEC:''' is used to prepare the system for BIT, after 3 seconds in this mode, turn the knob to TEST - ACT.<br />
* '''TEST ACT:''' starts the BIT in the system. The BIT takes approximately 30 seconds and the RCV light will be illuminated the whole time while the XMIT light will flash twice. If the STANDBY light illuminates it indicates that a no-go condition exists in the system.<br />
* '''REC:''' enables the system to receive the only mode, enabling analyzation of threats and also the threat audio.<br />
* '''RPT:''' enables full system functionality, in addition to REC it also now tries to jam threats according to the selected method.<br />
<br />
=Television Camera Set=<br />
----<br />
[[File:tcs_symbology.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The F-14B is outfitted with the ALQ-100 Television Camera Set (TCS) pod, used for visually identifying aircraft during the time of which IFF was not a trusted/more inferior method to confirming hostile aircraft and to keep track of their position, as well as their living status.<br />
<br />
==Symbology==<br />
On the TID, in non-TV mode, a TCS track is indicated by a 1.5” strobe at TCS LOS azimuth with a hollow circle at the end.<br />
<br />
The symbology on the video feed from the TCS has indicators for the FOV and two crosshairs indicating TCS LOS relative own aircraft, GACH, and AN/AWG-9 radar LOS relative TCS LOS, RACH. Additionally, the track window is indicated by 4 small squares representing each corner of that window.<br />
<br />
The gimbal angle crosshairs or GACH, which is a solid cross, indicate deflection of the TCS LOS from the aircraft datum line, ADL. GACH crosshair in the center indicates TCS LOS along ADL and deflection towards the edges indicate deflection towards the gimbal limits with the video edges being maximum deflection.<br />
<br />
RACH or radar angle crosshairs, a dashed crosshair, indicate radar antenna LOS when inside the current TCS FOV. When the sensors slave to one another RACH and GACH will coincide creating a single solid crosshair.<br />
<br />
The track window indicates the area that the TCS contrast tracker is currently locked on to if it has acquired a target. When not in an active track these squares collapse into the center of the display being 2% of the screen width when in manual mode and 5% when in an auto mode.<br />
<br />
=LANTIRN Targeting Pod=<br />
----<br />
[[File:flir.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The F-14B can carry the AN/AAQ-14 Low Altitude Navigation and Targeting Infrared For Night (LANTIRN) targeting pod. This pod consists of a Forward-Looking Infrared (FLIR) camera (which also includes a digital charged coupled device camera) for target locating and observing, a Laser Target Designator/Ranger for firing a laser that both designates targets for laser-homing weapons and gathers ranging information for designating whatever the FLIR is pointed at as an air-to-ground, and a Laser Spot Tracker (LST) which can search for and track a laser, allowing for the FLIR to be cued onto an offboard (ground or air-designated) laser from another unit and then designate a Target off said point; this allows for most effective buddy-lasing. The targeting pod can be used in both air-to-ground and air-to-air functions, but the LTD/R and LST are only used for A/G operation.<br />
<br />
==Symbology==<br />
The following areas on the LANTIRN are to represent:<br />
# '''A/C Position Data:''' Displays aircraft LAT/LON, altitude, and groundspeed information.<br />
# '''LANTIRN Polarity:''' Displays white or hot background. AGC is for automatic gain control, MGC is for manual gain control.<br />
# '''LANTIRN Information:''' Gives general information on the pod. SR is for slant range, AZ/EL for azimuth/elevation of sight, and rest is UTC time.<br />
# '''LANTIRN Track Mode:''' Displays the current tracking mode. A/A is for air-to-air, A/G is for air-to-ground. Right side is for current selected weapon.<br />
# '''Track Data:''' Displays information of LAT/LON and altitude of where the sight is at.<br />
# '''Track:''' Displays the hairs for point and area track, and what the sight is directly pointed at.<br />
# '''Launch Envelopes:''' The top tape is for the heading relative of the aircraft to the track. The right side tape is for the release point.<br />
<br />
=TARPS Pod=<br />
----<br />
Not yet implemented.<br />
<br />
=Air-to-Air Radar=<br />
----<br />
==Detail Data Display==<br />
[[File:f14 ddd.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
Among the 3 digital displays, the Detail Data Display gives the RIO information about contacts from the AWG-9 radar in terms of range and radar mode, with respect to the notch filter.<br />
<br />
===Notch Filter===<br />
The AWG-9 radar in the F-14B Tomcat has a notch filter when using the pulse-doppler radar modes under certain conditions. These conditions include, but are not limited to:<br />
<br />
* ~100 knot difference of the aircraft relative to contact<br />
* Contact flying 90 degrees perpendicular CW/CCW to aircraft<br />
* Masking with ground terrain scan return<br />
<br />
<br />
There is a rough line shown in the radar modes, likewise of the jamming lobe, for when considering the notch filter that the contact will disappear from.<br />
<br />
==Tactical Information Display==<br />
[[File:f14 tid.png|thumb|500px]]<br />
The Tactical Information Display (TID) gives the RIO of the F-14B the main information on the AWG-9 radar, including situational awareness, range, altitude, and contact heading.<br />
<br />
===Display Modes===<br />
The TID comes with a total of 8 display modes available, that can be toggled either on or off for purposes of gathering more information or decluttering:<br />
<br />
* '''RID DISABLE:''' ? needs more info. Not yet implemented.<br />
* '''ALT NUM:''' Displays the altitude of contact with a singular digit rounded to the nearest thousand.<br />
* '''SYM ELEM:''' Displays the symbology of contacts corresponding to HAFU.<br />
* '''DATA LINK:''' Displays contacts from the datalink frequency.<br />
* '''JAM STROBE:''' Displays the jamming strobes. Not yet implemented.<br />
* '''NON-ATTK:''' Displays determined (manual IFF or datalink) HAFU of friendly contacts.<br />
* '''VEL VECTOR:''' Displays the velocity vectors of contacts.<br />
* '''LAUNCH ZONE:''' Displays contact approximate missile launch zones.<br />
<br />
==AN/AWG-9 Radar==<br />
The F-14 Tomcat is equipped with the AN/AWG-9 all-weather and pulse-doppler radar. It is a very long-range radar used for the main purpose of intercept.<br />
<br />
===Radar Modes===<br />
The AWG-9 in the F-14B comes with 2 types of radar modes: doppler and pulse-doppler search. Of those two, subsets are able to be observed as 5 in this list:<br />
<br />
* '''PD SRCH:''' Pulse-Doppler Search mode. No bias factor of the radar, but impedes to pulse-doppler methods.<br />
* '''PD STT:''' Pulse-Doppler Single Target Track mode. By default upon acquiring a lock with the AWG-9, the radar will move to this function mode. It is currently suspectable to the notch filter.<br />
* '''RWS:''' Range While Search mode. The radar will prioritize the range of targets but not other factors. Falls under pulse-doppler.<br />
* '''TWS MAN:''' Track While Scan - Manual mode. The radar will prioritize the situational awareness of other targets but not give information on every target. The radar will also prioritize targets by threat importance.<br />
* '''TWS AUTO:''' Track While Scan - Auto mode. The radar will perform the same as TWS Man, but the elevation and azimuth controls will be automated in the process for an optimal scan.<br />
* '''PULSE SRCH:''' Pulse Search mode. No bias factor of the radar and can not be impeded to the notch filter, unlike the pulse-doppler method. The radar will, however, output a return of everything that is scanned and requires tuning.<br />
* '''PULSE STT:''' Pulse Single Target Track mode. Performing similarly to Pulse Search mode, this function mode applies to only a single target and is not suspectable to the notch filter.<br />
<br />
====Pulse-Doppler Search Mode====<br />
[[File:f14 pulsedoppler.png|thumb|350px]]<br />
The pulse-doppler search mode is used mainly as a kind of early warning mode. It is the search mode with the greatest detection range but it can display no range to the RIO, only closure rate. For this reason, the TID can display no track information.<br />
<br />
====Pulse-Doppler STT Mode====<br />
[[File:f14 pdstt.png|thumb|350px]]<br />
The pulse-doppler STT works and looks much like the pulse STT mode. It does, however, have the same advantages and disadvantages compared to pulse STT as the other pulse-doppler modes compared to the pulse modes. This means that while much better at tracking a target close to the ground it is however vulnerable to notching.<br />
<br />
The DDD display for pulse-doppler STT looks like pulse STT display except that the target return and antenna azimuth display are moved to the left side of the screen and a generated synthetic target marker is displayed at the correct azimuth instead. This is so that the targets range can be displayed by the synthetic target, unlike the other pulse-doppler modes which only shows closure rate. The other symbology on the DDD in this mode are the same as in pulse STT.<br />
<br />
====Range While Search Mode====<br />
In range while search, a frequency measuring ranging mode is added (FM ranging) to allow the radar to measure the range of tracked targets in addition to closure rate. This additional processing does, however, mean that the effective range of the radar is somewhat lesser. The display on the DDD is the same as in pulse-doppler search, the TID however also shows tracks in this mode showing the targets as tracks momentarily as they’re scanned and displaying their position and altitude. <br />
<br />
The targets are shown for a maximum of two seconds or until the antenna again scans the same bar at the same azimuth at which time it is removed unless detected again. The maximum number of concurrently shown tracks are 48.<br />
<br />
====TWS Manual Mode====<br />
The track, while scan mode uses the same FM ranging as RWS with the same reduction in range compared to pulse-doppler search and the DDD display, is also the same. The main difference that the computer establishes track files and tracks up to 24 targets concurrently of which 18 can be shown on the TID at any given time.<br />
<br />
As the computer routine calculating these tracks need a set track refresh time of 2 seconds this limits available azimuth scan area and bar settings to either 20° 4 bars or 40° 2 bars. When entering TWS the computer automatically selects the ±20° 4 bar scan disregarding the RIO set scan volumes unless those are set to ±40° 2 bars in which case that is used instead.<br />
<br />
The TWS mode is also the only mode enabling guidance of the AIM-54 at multiple targets (up to six), and as soon as engageable targets are detected the computer starts assigning them a missile priority number according to optimal missile firing sequence.<br />
<br />
====TWS Auto Mode====<br />
Performing similarly to TWS Man mode, what differs between the two is that in TWS auto the computer takes control of used scan volume and scan pattern azimuth and elevation as soon as target tracks are present. The WCS computer automatically tries to optimize the scan volume and direction so that tracking of the prioritized targets is maximized. If not selected before launch the WCS overrides as soon as the first AIM-54 is launched and selects TWS Auto.<br />
<br />
====Pulse Search Mode====<br />
[[File:f14 pulse.png|thumb|350px]]<br />
Pulse search is used to search for and find airborne targets at range. It is possible to use this radar mode as a basic ground mapper as well which can be useful for navigation and navigational fixes and can also be used in a pinch to detect larger surface targets like ships. Keep in mind though that the radar is not built with this as its main function and that a real air-to-ground radar will outperform it handily.<br />
<br />
In this mode, the radar cannot by itself differentiate targets and generate tracks meaning that the WCS will not generate track files and display anything on the TID. This also means that pulse search is not capable of guiding missiles.<br />
<br />
====Pulse STT Mode====<br />
[[File:f14 pstt.png|thumb|350px]]<br />
Pulse STT is used to track a single target, like pulse search mode it is not susceptible to notching but it is to ground clutter. The fact that the STT modes use gates to track the target, in this case, range gates, means that it is less susceptible to ground clutter but a target close enough to the ground that the ground return enters the range gates would be likely to shake the lock.<br />
<br />
As it is only in the pulse-doppler modes that the missile guidance commands can be sent pulse STT is limited to launching AIM-7s in CW mode and AIM-54s in an active launch mode limiting their ranges. At short ranges, ACM ranges, it is possible to use the ASPECT switch to set what aspect of the target to track, this is just to counter different types of countermeasures. As an example, if set to NOSE the radar will be less susceptible to chaff as the radar weights its track towards the targets leading-edge (nose) away from the chaff being launched behind the target.<br />
<br />
A successful track is indicated by the ANT TRK and RDROT indicator lights on the DDD, meaning that the antenna is tracking the target and that the target is within the range gates. If the target is jamming with sufficient strength, negating a range track, the radar will transition to a jam angle track instead, indicated by the JAT indicator light on the DDD illuminating instead of the RDROT. When range tracking is again possible at closer ranges the radar will transition to that instead.<br />
<br />
The DDD in this mode will be similar to the pulse search mode but the antenna will be locked onto the target and not scan. Additionally, the DDD will show the range gates around the target, a closing rate symbol at the right scale and applicable attack symbology if a valid missile is selected.<br />
<br />
===Anti-Jamming Modes===<br />
Not yet implemented.<br />
<br />
===AN/APX-76 IFF Interrogator===<br />
The AN/APX-76 IFF (Identification Friend or Foe) interrogator is integrated into the AN/AWG-9 operation. Then interrogator antenna itself is located on the AN/AWG-9 antenna gimbal platform. An IFF system works by sending out an interrogation pulse and then listening for returns from cooperating transponders. In addition to the unencrypted civilian mode the AN/APX-76 is capable of interrogating in the encrypted military mode 4. This ensures that targets replying to mode 4 interrogations are indeed friendly. The AN/APX-76 can be used both in search radar modes and in STT radar modes. To enable interrogation the IFF switch is depressed on the Detail Data Display Panel which then activates the interrogator for as long as the button is held up to 10 seconds max.<br />
<br />
When enabled IFF received IFF returns are then overlaid on the normal AN/AWG-9 radar returns on the DDD. A friendly target will be indicated with two bars, one above and one below the normal radar return. As the AN/APX-76 is a separate radar, secondary mode, radar apart from the AWG-9 the IFF can sometimes also detect targets not detected by the AWG-9. In this case the IFF return will not have a radar echo inside it. In the search mode this is overlaid over each target replying and in STT over the STT target. Additionally, if the STT target is hooked on the TID the DDD will switch from normal range display to a ±10 NM display to enable display of multiple returns in case of closely grouped targets.<br />
<br />
==HAFU/Datalink==<br />
[[File:HAFU.png|right|80px]]<br />
Hostile, Ambiguous, Friendly or Unknown (HAFU) is a symbology system used by the F/A-18 to represent trackfiles; specifically, to show its status as a friendly or hostile. It is usually what trackfiles are displayed as across the software.<br />
<br />
There are four HAFU symbols:<br />
*'''Triangle:''' Hostile (red when colored)<br />
*'''Thick Staple:''' Ambiguous (yellow when colored)<br />
*'''Half-Circle:''' Friendly (green when colored)<br />
*'''Thin Staple:''' Unknown (yellow when colored)<br />
<br />
<br />
All types except ambiguous can be manually assigned via the [[#SA Format|Situational Awareness]] format. Tracks will also be automatically identified as explained below.<br />
<br />
A hostile HAFU will be assigned whenever:<br />
* A negative IFF response is returned, and<br />
** An NCTR print returns with an aircraft type that is on the hostile coalition; or<br />
** A SURV (surveillance, like an AWACS) source over datalink also marks it hostile; or<br />
** A F/F (fighter-fighter, like another F/A-18) source over datalink also marks it hostile.<br />
<br />
<br />
An ambiguous HAFU will be assigned when the aircraft and a donor have conflicting identifications (friendly and hostile).<br />
<br />
A friendly HAFU will be assigned whenever an IFF interrogation returns as friendly or the track itself is contributed to by the Precise Participant Location and Identification (PPLI) system.<br />
<br />
An unknown HAFU will be assigned by default until it is updated by meeting one of the requirements above.<br />
<br />
=Air-to-Air Weapons=<br />
----<br />
This area will cover over all the different air-to-air weapons brought with the F-14B Tomcat.<br />
<br />
==AIM-54 Phoenix==<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
===AIM-54A Mk.60===<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
===AIM-54C Mk.47===<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
==AIM-7 Sparrow==<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
==AIM-9 Sidewinder==<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
==A/A Gun==<br />
WIP.<br />
<br />
=Resources=<br />
----<br />
==Manuals & Documents==<br />
* [https://info.publicintelligence.net/F14AAP-1B.pdf F-14B NATOPS Pocket Checklist]<br />
* [http://www.heatblur.se/F-14Manual/ Heatblur F-14 Manual]<br />
<br />
==Heatblur's Videos==<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q1o7E9pb95Y Episode 1: Overview]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OO3IdQjAdDA Episode 2: Pilot's Cockpit Walkaround]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ws1GxPG2ZXw Episode 3: Cold And Dark (Full Startup)]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kgpGO7fj4oU Episode 4: The RIO's Office]<br />
<br />
==Jabbers' Tutorial Videos==<br />
(They're good!)<br />
<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2qwlJs__iYk Pilot - Startup/Taxi/Takeoff with JESTER AI]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b5opjCygZug Pilot - Maneuvering and Flight Characteristics]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f4y2oZ-7rM8 Pilot - Air-to-Air Refueling]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ujk4hL_EnUc Pilot - ACM - Radar Acquisition Modes]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wftck0C3fJ8 Pilot - Weapons - Zuni Rockets with JESTER AI]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4m-Q02gxFEA Pilot - Weapons - AIM-9 Sidewinder]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SWeHtpJ00JI RIO - Startup]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r4-Dd4ss2Rc RIO - AWG-9 Radar]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YG7sWweg2RQ RIO - IFF Interrogation]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2q-bHFyTEr8 Overview - AIM-54C Mk.47 Phoenix - Tacview Debrief]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PyAQpqVhtBY Overview - AIM-54A Mk.60 Phoenix - Tacview Debrief]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4groy-_Bxfk Quick Tips - AIM-54 Phoenix]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Is3AtOX-abw Quick Tips - Bombing]</div>Sirius