Basic Airmanship - Revision history

Gadget: /* Basic Wings – Perform hovering flight. */

2021-05-20T05:56:36Z

‎Basic Wings – Perform hovering flight.

Gadget: /* a hovering turn around the masthead maintaining rate of turn */

2021-05-20T05:47:15Z

‎a hovering turn around the masthead maintaining rate of turn

Gadget: /* Competencies expected: The pilot will demonstrate bringing his craft to a stationary hover in ground effect, for 1 minute */

2021-05-20T05:44:38Z

‎Competencies expected: The pilot will demonstrate bringing his craft to a stationary hover in ground effect, for 1 minute

Gadget: /* Competencies expected: The pilot will demonstrate bringing his craft to a stationary hover in ground effect, for 1 minute */

2021-05-20T05:43:49Z

‎Competencies expected: The pilot will demonstrate bringing his craft to a stationary hover in ground effect, for 1 minute

Gadget: /* Basic Wings – Perform hovering flight. */

2021-05-20T05:42:28Z

‎Basic Wings – Perform hovering flight.

Gadget: /* Basic Wings – Perform hovering flight. */

2021-05-20T05:33:51Z

‎Basic Wings – Perform hovering flight.

Gadget: /* Hovering */

2021-05-20T05:31:34Z

‎Hovering

Nanne118: /* Drag */

2018-10-17T22:47:22Z

‎Drag

Nanne118: /* Thrust */

2018-10-17T22:46:59Z

‎Thrust

Nanne118 at 22:45, 17 October 2018

2018-10-17T22:45:26Z

@@ Line 348: / Line 348: @@
 ===Basic Wings – Perform hovering flight.===
-====Objective: Perform hovering flight as per 1038 UH-1h ATM 2007.====
+====Objective: Perform hovering flight====
-====Competencies expected: The pilot will demonstrate bringing his craft to a stationary hover in ground effect, for 1 minute====
+=====Competencies expected: The pilot will demonstrate bringing his craft to a stationary hover in ground effect, for 1 minute=====
 '''Hovering the Huey in DCS:'''

@@ Line 404: / Line 404: @@
   *about the tail of the aircraft, or
   *a point in front of the aircraft.
-  These are more complicated and advanced maneouvres requiring highly co-ordinated control inputs, especially with a higher wind component.
+  These are more complicated and advanced maneouvres requiring highly co-ordinated control inputs,
+ especially with a higher wind component.
 ====Lateral hovering flight.====

@@ Line 367: / Line 367: @@
   Note: you may find starting from the hover just too difficult, & that's not the way it's taught in real life, if you are struggling;
-get yourself up & away from the ground as best you can, keep some moderate speed on the nose ~50<60kts,
+ get yourself up & away from the ground as best you can, keep some moderate speed on the nose ~50<60kts,
-now begin to slow yourself down a little, then a little more & more again, to the point where you are at a walking pace.
+ now begin to slow yourself down a little, then a little more & more again, to the point where you are at a walking pace.
   (VR really is worth its weight in gold in Rotary-Wing sim flying...)
-(VR really is worth its weight in gold in Rotary-Wing sim flying...)
+ Eventually you will get to the point where you are standing still, hovering.
-Eventually you will get to the point where you are standing still, hovering.
+ You cannot remain stationary without continuous inputs to all the controls, but these are all very subtle & minute
+ - so dont go stirring the cauldron trying to get the helo to behave, you're basically swinging a cat around the room.
 {| class="wikitable"

@@ Line 366: / Line 366: @@
 *Maintain your reference point on a fixed point on the windscreen to maintain the desired spatial orientation, Quick visual checks peripherally will help.
-  Note: you may find starting from the hover just too difficult, & that's not the way it's taught in real life, if you are struggling, get yourself up & away from the ground as best you can, keep some moderate speed on the nose ~50<60kts, then begin to slow yourself down a little, then a little more & more again, to the point where you are at a walking pace. (VR really is worth its weight in gold in Rotary-Wing sim flying...) Eventually you will get to the point where you are standing still, hovering.
+  Note: you may find starting from the hover just too difficult, & that's not the way it's taught in real life, if you are struggling;
-You cannot remain stationary without continuous inputs to all the controls, but these are all very subtle & minute - so dont go stirring the cauldron trying to get the helo to behave, you're basically swinging a cat around the room.
+get yourself up & away from the ground as best you can, keep some moderate speed on the nose ~50<60kts,
 {| class="wikitable"
 |-

@@ Line 348: / Line 348: @@
 ===Basic Wings – Perform hovering flight.===
 ====Objective: Perform hovering flight as per 1038 UH-1h ATM 2007.====
-====Competencies expected: The pilot will demonstrate====
+====Competencies expected: The pilot will demonstrate bringing his craft to a stationary hover in ground effect, for 1 minute====
 '''Hovering the Huey in DCS:'''
@@ Line 369: / Line 366: @@
 *Maintain your reference point on a fixed point on the windscreen to maintain the desired spatial orientation, Quick visual checks peripherally will help.
 {| class="wikitable"
 |-
@@ Line 380: / Line 379: @@
 | If you have difficulty softening your grip try practicing with a pencil between your fingers.<br>
   |}
 ====a hovering turn around the masthead maintaining rate of turn====

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:33, 20 May 2021
Line 347:		Line 347:


−	==Basic Wings – Perform hovering flight.==	+	===Basic Wings – Perform hovering flight.===
−
−
−	~~===Objective: Perform hovering flight as per 1038 UH-1h ATM 2007.===~~
−
−
−	~~===Competencies expected: The pilot will demonstrate~~===


		+	====Objective: Perform hovering flight as per 1038 UH-1h ATM 2007.====
		+	====Competencies expected: The pilot will demonstrate====
	====bringing his craft to a stationary hover in ground effect, for 1 minute====		====bringing his craft to a stationary hover in ground effect, for 1 minute====

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:31, 20 May 2021
Line 322:		Line 322:

	[[File:Hover OGE.jpg\|thumb\|center\|OGE Hover]]		[[File:Hover OGE.jpg\|thumb\|center\|OGE Hover]]
		+
		+
		+	When learning to fly rotary-wing aircraft your flight instructor will slowly introduce you to the primary and secondary effects of aircraft
		+	controls. Learning to anticipate these secondary effects is key to your advancement.
		+
		+	As your proficiency increases and your skill set improves, you will get lower and slower in the various maneouvers you are practicing.
		+
		+	Normally around the 15 hour mark of flight training & numerous hours of ground school/rotary-wing theory, you are then introduced to
		+	hovering.
		+
		+	Most acquire the art of hovering around the 20-25 hour mark. There's no hidden secret, it just 'happens'.... eventually.
		+
		+	Contrary to the aforementioned, most DCS helo first timers self flagellate by taking on hovering as their first task. This is OK cuz you're
		+	not paying by the hour in your sim.
		+
		+	Just prepare to be humbled.
		+
		+	You won't believe this as you're bouncing all over the place, but the moment that switch is flicked and you suddenly begin hovering
		+	effortlessly will likely be your most memorable experience in DCS simming.
		+
		+
		+
		+	'''Basic Wings requirement:''' ''- PERFORM HOVERING FLIGHT''
		+
		+
		+	==Basic Wings – Perform hovering flight.==
		+
		+
		+	===Objective: Perform hovering flight as per 1038 UH-1h ATM 2007.===
		+
		+
		+	===Competencies expected: The pilot will demonstrate===
		+
		+
		+	====bringing his craft to a stationary hover in ground effect, for 1 minute====
		+
		+	'''Hovering the Huey in DCS:'''
		+
		+	Perform startup and check that the immediate area is clear (above & behind).
		+
		+	*Set Cyclic trim slightly left & aft. Preposition Left Pedal approximately 30-40% range depending on Gross Wgt and environmental conditions. (see diagram)
		+
		+	[[File:huey_trim.png\|400px]]
		+
		+	*Pick an easily identifiable reference spot (tree, building, road edge) in the distance to your front and keep your focus on it. The further away your focus point the better.
		+	*Increase collective SLOWLY until the aircraft is light on the skids
		+	*'Feel out' the cyclic to find the sweet spot where the helicopter feels stable/stationary.
		+	*More or less left pedal may be required as you increase collective ''
		+	*Hovering in Ground Effect (HIGE) altitude for the Huey is below appox 50ft. Maintain 5ft (radar altimeter) for this exercise.
		+	*Maintain your reference point on a fixed point on the windscreen to maintain the desired spatial orientation, Quick visual checks peripherally will help.
		+
		+	{\| class="wikitable"
		+	\|-
		+	\|style="padding: 10px" align="center" \| [[File:pinky_grip.jpg\|200px]]
		+	\| Many will attest that the secret to taming the hovering Huey lies in the fingertips. When the forearm is resting on something stable (your thigh if the cyclic is between your legs) the fingertips can impart<br>
		+	almost imperceptibly small reciprocating movements to the grip. The pinky lock grip depicted here frees up the thumb to engage HOTAS buttons whilst maintaining a stable hover without compromising your grip .<br>
		+
		+	Some may have instinctively adopted this technique on their own.
		+	\|-
		+	\|style="padding: 10px" align="center" \| [[File:pencil_grip.jpg\|200px]]
		+	\| If you have difficulty softening your grip try practicing with a pencil between your fingers.<br>
		+	\|}
		+
		+	====a hovering turn around the masthead maintaining rate of turn====
		+
		+	*Pickup into a stable hover
		+	*Perform a 360 turn about the mast whilst maintaining a slow constant turn rate, as if you're keeping your nose on someone walking around your aircraft.
		+	*You will initiate the turn with pedal input but immediate and constant reciprocating cyclic and collective inputs will be required.
		+	*Maintain situational awareness of wind speed and direction.
		+	*In DCS the wind will not impact Tail Rotor Effectiveness but the constantly changing force and direction of its Weather Vaning effect will necessitate frequent changes in pedal inputs.
		+	*Severe fluctuations in pedal inputs may result in subtle changes in main rotor performance necessitating compensatory collective inputs to maintain altitude.
		+	*The translational effects of the wind on the airframe require countering cyclic inputs.
		+
		+	A 360 turn about the mast is a common action prior to taxi/takeoff at busy airfields to check for other traffic
		+	Hovering turns can also be made around any vertical axis; for example;
		+	*about the nose
		+	*about the mast
		+	*about the tail of the aircraft, or
		+	*a point in front of the aircraft.
		+	These are more complicated and advanced maneouvres requiring highly co-ordinated control inputs, especially with a higher wind component.
		+
		+
		+	====Lateral hovering flight.====
		+
		+	*Lineup perpendicular to and with your nose on the Taxiway centerline.
		+	*Establish a stable 5 foot hover.
		+	*Initiate lateral flight with a slow steady cyclic movement in the desired direction.
		+	*Be prepared to make immediate compensatory adjustments with pedal and collective.
		+	*Maintain your attitude and alignment with the center line
		+	*Maintain walking pace speed.
		+	*The degree of pedal and cyclic input will vary with wind speed and direction as well as direction of flight.
		+
		+
		+	====Hover taxing from ramp to runway====
		+
		+	*Pickup to a stable hover
		+	*Perform a 360 turn about the mast to check for other traffic.
		+	*Lineup on taxiway or apron taxi guideline
		+	*Initiate flight with forward cyclic.
		+	*Maintain Heading and Altitude with prompt but subtle pedal and collective inputs.
		+	*Maintain a walking pace.
		+
		+
		+	====Air taxi flight below 100’ at a safe airspeed for the altitude and conditions====
		+
		+	*Ground Taxi: On wheels
		+	*Hover Taxi: 3 - 5 feet
		+	*Air Taxi: 20 - 100 feet
		+
		+	*Air taxi is the preferred method for ground movements on airports.
		+
		+	*Pilots are expected to remain below 100 feet above ground level (AGL). If a higher than normal airspeed or altitude is desired, the request should be made prior to lift-off.

	=== Effective Translational Lift (ETL) ===		=== Effective Translational Lift (ETL) ===

@@ Line 50: / Line 50: @@
 As an aircraft moves through the air, the air resists the motion of the aircraft in a force called drag. This force is directed along and opposed to the direction of flight. The shape of the aircraft, the viscosity of the air, and the velocity of an aircraft all contribute to the amount of drag encountered during flight.
-As an example: A clean F-15C is capable of Mach 2.5 in full afterburner, but only at high altitudes, typically above 35,000 feet. This is due to the viscosity of the air. As the air gets thinner, there is less drag pushing against the aircraft. At low altitudes, a clean F-15C is only capable of Mach 1.2 max. In other words, if you need to go fast, 'remove drag (by going to a higher altitude or dumping stores / fuel, for example).
+As an example: A clean F-15C is capable of pushing Mach 2.5 in full afterburner, but only at high altitudes, typically above 35,000 feet. This is due to the viscosity of the air. As the air gets thinner, there is less drag pushing against the aircraft. At low altitudes, a clean F-15C is only capable of Mach 1.2 max. In other words, if you need to go fast, 'remove drag (by going to a higher altitude or dumping stores / fuel, for example).
@@ Line 60: / Line 60: @@
 |height = 90px
 }}</center>
 ==== Weight (Gravity) ====

@@ Line 24: / Line 24: @@
 ==== Thrust ====
-Forward thrust is generated by the engine of the aircraft, either by the blades of a propeller or by the hot air pushed out the back of a jet engine. Thrust is a function of Newton's Third Law of Motion which explains that every action has an equal and opposite reaction. In the case of jet engines, the hot air produced by the jet engine rushes out the nozzle creating motion in the opposite direction, (and thus pushing the jet) forward.
+Forward thrust is generated by the engine of the aircraft, either by the blades of a propeller or by the hot air pushed out the back of a jet engine. Thrust is a function of Newton's Third Law of Motion which explains that every action has an equal and opposite reaction. In the case of jet engines, the hot air produced by the jet engine rushes out the nozzle creating motion in the opposite direction, (and thus pushing the jet) forward (propellers generated thrust by pushing / pulling air).
 ==== Lift ====

@@ Line 7: / Line 7: @@
 }}</center>
-The [https://www.faa.gov/regulations_policies/handbooks_manuals/aviation/airplane_handbook/ Airplane Flying Handbook] published in 2016, and revised in 2017 by the FAA defines Airmanship as, "a broad term that includes a sound knowledge of and experience with the principles of flight, the knowledge, experience, and ability to operate an airplane with competence and precision both on the ground and in the air, and the application of sound judgment that results in optimal operational safety and efficiency." While DCS is a simulation, the accuracy of the flight model means an understanding of aerodynamics and the skills and techniques that make a good airman can be beneficial in helping many beginner sim-pilots over the initial hump. This guide covers the basics of powered, fixed-winged flight, the basic maneuvers that all pilots should know, and a brief introduction to situational awareness and safety.
+The [https://www.faa.gov/regulations_policies/handbooks_manuals/aviation/airplane_handbook/ Airplane Flying Handbook] published in 2016, and revised in 2017 by the FAA defines Airmanship as, "a broad term that includes a sound knowledge of and experience with the principles of flight, the knowledge, experience, and ability to operate an airplane with competence and precision both on the ground and in the air, and the application of sound judgment that results in optimal operational safety and efficiency."
 <div class="alert alert-danger" role="alert"><strong>Please Note!</strong> While much of the information in this section is correct both in DCS and in real life, you <strong>should not</strong> use it as a source for studying for a Private Pilot's License or any other real-world flight certification. For that, use sources of information approved by your nation's aviation authority. (The FAA in the US, EASA in the EU or CAA in the UK.)</div>